Experiment 3

Power Supply Design Project

EE 310, Section 001
Tianyu Li
TA: Mei Lei
Introduction
In this experiment, we are going to design a power supply which includes the input
transformer, rectifier, filter and voltage regulation blocks. And the power supply we
use in this experiment is 120 volt 60 Hz input, and we are going to convert it to a 12
volt dc voltage output voltage and the maximum ripple voltage should not excess 15%
of Vc with rated load resistance attached. The nominal DC voltage at regulator input
is 24 V, and DC output voltage should be 15 0.5V.
Circuit Design and Reasoning
Block Diagram of power supply:

1. Power Transformer:

The ratio of this transformer is 12:1:1, V
AC
= 120 * 2 / 120 = 20 V
RMS
2. Schematic of rectifier without filter capacitor:

The full-wave bridge rectifier is use in this experiment to make the output voltage 24V.
The current goes from D1, Rtest, and D4.
3. Schematic of rectifier with filter capacitor:

Capacitor is on parallel with Rtest making a capacitor filter circuit. The calculated
value of capacitor is 130 , but we only have 47, 100, 220, and 470 . So we
put 47 and 100 together to make the 147 and its work.
4. Schematic of zener diode regulator:

The circuit above, the voltage is 24 volts and the breakdown voltage of zener
diode is 15 V. We use 1N4738 and 1N4736 which add together are exactly 15V
breakdown voltage.
5. IC Voltage regulator

Supporting Analysis
1. Power transformer.
The ratio of this transformer is 12:1:1 = V
rms
:V
AB
:V
BC.

V
AB
= V
BC
= 10 Vrms, V
AC
= 20.7 Vrms.
2. PIV
PIV = 2Vs Vo = 2*10 1 = 19 v
3. Resistor and Capacitor
R
test
= (V
AC
2
)/1W = 20
2
/1 = 400 ohms
We use 552 ohms in experiment.
Rw = Rtest( (V
without Rtest
V
with Rtest
)/(2* V
without Rtest
))= 3.14 ohms
Vm = 28.2 V V
L =
24.3 V Vr = 15%* V
L
=

3.6 V
Vc =24V
R
L
=(Vc)
2
/1w = (24)
2
/1= 576 ohms
C = 120
4. Maximum diode current
Vmax= 220mV
Idmax=Vm/Rl(1+2pi*sqrt(Vm/2Vr)= 275mA (Vm and Vr in magnitude value)

The measured value much smaller than this value which is 0.22A.
The reason is there might be some resistance on the wire but its almost correct,
and they are almost same.
5. Multism simulation of diode current

The i
Dmax
is 27.35mA.
6. Regulator parameter
Vz=3*8.2+3*0.7=26.7V
Izmax = Pz/Vz=18.73mA
Izmin = 30%Izmax=5.619mA
Ri=(Vc-Vz)/Izmax= 144 ohms Riactual=142.5 ohms
RL = Vz/(Izmax- Izmin)= 2036ohms R
Lactual
=1.97 kohms
Data
1. Transformer:
VAB= 10 Vrms VBC= 10 Vrms VAC= 20 Vrms
Rw = 3.14 ohms
2. Plot of rectifier input and output


3. Plot of transformer output:

4. Zener diode regulator waveform:
Full load:

Without load:

5. IC regulator waveform
With load

Without load

6. IC regulator with AC ripple waveform

7. Calculations and comparison:
Zener voltage regulator:
=1.67%
IC voltage regulator:
=0.067%
RL=VL/Izmax = 801 ohms R
Lactual
=808 ohms
8. Power dissipation and margin
P
Rtest
= (I
Rtest
)
2
* Rtest = (27.4mA)
2
* 500ohms=0.38W
Pdiode= Vturn on * I= 0.7 * 0.0274= 0.019W
As the datasheet of diode 1N4004 mentioned, the power dissipation is 3W. The
value in experiment is 0.019W which is much lower than the margin level.
2 watts 500ohms Rtest is used, which indicates that the safety margin should
below 2W. The calculated value is 0.38 watt which is lower than 2 watt.
Discussion
The 120 Vrms 60 Hz input is used and 12:1:1 step down transformer is placed in the
circuit to reduce the voltage from 120 Vrms to 20 Vrms. The power dissipations are all
in the safe values which component values are at least 2 times greater than the
calculated values. Our groups percentage error is under 2%, and its really nice data
we got. And the outputs we got are almost matching the design specifications we
made before the lab, so anyway, our design is being success.
Conclusion and Summary
From this experiment, we learn that how to design the input transformer, rectifier, and
filter circuits of the simple linear regulated power supply, and also learn that how the
zener diode works in its breakdown voltage, and the comparison its performance with
3-terminal IC voltage regulator, and for this experiment our data is really accurate, the
percentage error is only about 1.5%, we think we can doing better in the future labs.