Object : To determine the co-efficient of viscosity of four different liquid by falling sphere resistance method using stokes law
Apparatus Required : Cylindrical tube ( length = 75 cm , diameter = 5 cm ) , stopwatch Theory : This method on based on stokes law , according to which the drag force , F on a small sphere moving wth a constant velocity , U through a viscous fluid of viscosity, for a viscous condition is given by F = 3Ud Where , d = diameter of sphere U = velocity of sphere When the sphere attain a constant velocity U , the drag force is the difference between the weight of sphere and buoyant force acting on it . Let L = distance travelled by the sphere in viscous fluid , T = time taken by sphere to cover distance l ,
s = density of sphere
f = density of fluid W = weight of sphere and F a = buoyant force acting on the liquid then constant velocity of sphere , U = L/t weight of liquid , W = volume*density of sphere*g = (/6)*d 3 * s *g And buoyant force F b = weight of fluid displaced = vol. of liquid displaced*density of fluid*g = (/6)*d 3 * f *g For equilibrium, Drag force = weight of sphere buoyant force F = W - F b
Substituting the value of F , W and F b , we get
= gd 3 *[ s
f ]/18U hence from above equations the value of d ,U , s and f are known and hence the viscosity of liquid can be determined .
Method : Thus this method consists of a tall vertical transparent cylindrical tank , which is filled with a liquid whose viscosity is to be determined . This tank is surrounded by another transparent tank to keep the temperature of the liquid in the cylindrical tank to be constant . A spherical ball of diameter d is placed on the surface of liquid . Provision is made to release this ball .After a short distance of travel , the ball attains a constant velocity . time to travel a known vertical distance between two fixed marks on the cylinder tank is noted to calculate the constant velocity U of the ball . Then with the known values of d , s , f the viscosity of the fluid is calculated using the equation = g*d 3 *[ s