Computer Network Lab Manual

Week 1a : Implement the data link layer farming methods such as

a. Bit stuffing.
Problem Statement1:
1. Implement the data link layer farming method Bit stuffing to add 0 to each set of 4 ones in given string
011110
Problem Statement2:
2. Implement the data link layer farming method Bit stuffing to add !"#hite space$ to each set of % ones in
given string 0111110
Problem Statement3:
3. Implement the data link layer farming method Bit stuffing to add & to each set of ' ones in given string
01111110
Problem Statement4:
4. Implement the data link layer farming method Bit stuffing to add ( to each set of ' ones in given string
01111110
Problem Statement4:
5. Implement the data link layer farming method Bit stuffing to add ) to each set of * ones in given string
011111110
1: +o the given ,its add the string 011110 to ,oth the starting and the end of the string
a. +o add 0 to each set of 4 ones i.e. after every five consecutive 1-s appear a
.ero
/. +o the given ,its add the string 011110 to ,oth the starting and the end of the string
a. +o add 0 to each set of 4 ones i.e. after every five consecutive 1-s appear a
.ero
0include 1stdio.h1
0include 1conio.h1
int main"$
2
int i304count305
char a610075
clrscr"$5
printf"1enter the ,its : 1$5
scanf"18s14a$5
printf"19n:fter ,it stuffing 9n1$5
printf"10111101$5
for"i305a6i75 i;;$
2
if"a6i733<1<$
count;;5
else
count305
printf"18c14a6i7$5
if"count334$
2
printf"101$5
count305
=
=
printf"101111101$5
getch"$5
return 15
=
Output:
>. +o the given ,its add the string 01111110 to ,oth the starting and the end of the string
a. +o add 0 to each set of % ones i.e. after every five consecutive 1-s appear a
.ero
Program:
0include 1stdio.h1
0include 1conio.h1
int main"$
2
int i304count305
char a610075
printf"1enter the ,its : 1$5
scanf"18s14a$5

printf"19n:fter ,it stuffing 9n1$5
printf"101111101$5

for"i305a6i75 i;;$
2
if"a6i733<1<$
count;;5
else
count305
printf"18c14a6i7$5
if"count33%$
2
printf"101$5
count305
=
=
printf"1011111101$5
getch"$5
return 15
=
4. +o the given ,its add the string 011111110 to ,oth the starting and the end of the
string
a. +o add 0 to each set of ' ones i.e. after every five consecutive 1-s appear a
.ero
Program:
0include 1stdio.h1
0include 1conio.h1
int main"$
2
int i304count305
char a610075
printf"1enter the ,its : 1$5
scanf"18s14a$5

printf"19n:fter ,it stuffing 9n1$5
printf"1011111101$5

for"i305a6i75 i;;$
2
if"a6i733<1<$
count;;5
else
count305
printf"18c14a6i7$5
if"count33'$
2
printf"101$5
count305
=
=
printf"10111111101$5
getch"$5
return 15
Output:
%. +o the given ,its add the string 0111111110 to ,oth the starting and the end of the
string
a. +o add 0 to each set of * ones i.e. after every five consecutive 1-s appear a
.ero
Program:
0include 1stdio.h1
0include 1conio.h1
int main"$
2
int i304count305
char a610075
printf"1enter the ,its : 1$5
scanf"18s14a$5

printf"19n:fter ,it stuffing 9n1$5
printf"10111111101$5

for"i305a6i75 i;;$
2
if"a6i733<1<$
count;;5
else
count305
printf"18c14a6i7$5
if"count33*$
2
printf"101$5
count305
=
=
printf"101111111101$5
getch"$5
return 15
Output:
'. +o the given ,its add the string 01111111110 to ,oth the starting and the end of the
string
a. +o add 0 to each set of ? ones i.e. after every five consecutive 1-s appear a
.ero
0include 1stdio.h1
0include 1conio.h1
int main"$
2
int i304count305
char a610075
clrscr"$5
printf"1enter the ,its : 1$5
scanf"18s14a$5

printf"19n:fter ,it stuffing 9n1$5
printf"101111111101$5
for"i305a6i75 i;;$
2
if"a6i733<1<$
count;;5
else
count305
printf"18c14a6i7$5
if"count33?$
2
printf"101$5
count305
=
=
printf"1011111111101$5
getch"$5
return 15
=
*. +o the given ,its add the string 011111111110 to ,oth the starting and the end of the
string.
+o add 0 to each set of @ ones i.e. after every five consecutive 1-s appear a .ero
Arogram:
0include 1stdio.h1
0include 1conio.h1
int main"$
2
int i304count305
char a610075
clrscr"$5
printf"1enter the ,its : 1$5
scanf"18s14a$5

printf"19n:fter ,it stuffing 9n1$5
printf"1011111111101$5
for"i305a6i75 i;;$
2
if"a6i733<1<$
count;;5
else
count305
printf"18c14a6i7$5
if"count33?$
2
printf"101$5
count305
=
=
printf"10111111111101$5
getch"$5
return 15
=
Output:
?. +o the given ,its add the string 011111111110 to ,oth the starting and the end of the
string.
+o add 0 to each set of 10 ones i.e. after every five consecutive 1-s appear a .ero
Arogram:
0include 1stdio.h1
0include 1conio.h1
int main"$
2
int i304count305
char a610075
clrscr"$5
printf"1enter the ,its : 1$5
scanf"18s14a$5

printf"19n:fter ,it stuffing 9n1$5
printf"1011111111101$5
for"i305a6i75 i;;$
2
if"a6i733<1<$
count;;5
else
count305
printf"18c14a6i7$5
if"count3310$
2
printf"101$5
count305
=
=
printf"101111111111101$5
getch"$5
return 15
=
Butput:
9. C program to convert a ec!mal number to !t" e#u!valent $!t" %ormat.
Program
0include Cstdio.hD
0include Cconio.hD
void main"$
2
unsigned long dec5
int a6/%74c304i5
clrscr"$5
printf"19nEF+EG : HEIIJ:K FLJBEG: 1$5
scanf"18lu14&dec$5
printf"19n8lu IF BI+M NBGJ:+: 14dec$5
#hile"decD0$
2
a6c73dec8/5
dec3decO/5
c;;5
=
for"i3cP15iD305iPP$
printf"18d14a6i7$5
getch"$5
=
Output
Enter a decimal num,er 4
4 in ,it format : 100
1&. Searc' a ke( number w!t'!n n g!ven number" u"!ng po!nter"
Program
0include Cstdio.hD
0include Cconio.hD
0include Calloc.hD
void main"$
2
int n4Qp4i4num4flag305
clrscr"$5
printf"19nRBW J:FS FLJBEG: 1$5
scanf"18d14&n$5
p3"int Q$ malloc"nQ/$5
if"p33FLKK$
2
printf"19nJEJBGS :KKBI:+IBF LFMLIIEMMNLK1$5
eTit"$5
=
for"i305iCn5i;;$
2
printf"19nEF+EG FLJBEG 8d: 14i;1$5
scanf"18d14p;i$5
=
printf"19nEF+EG : FLJBEG +B ME:GIR: 1$5
scanf"18d14&num$5
for"i305iCn5i;;$
2
if"num33Q"p;i$$
flag315
=
if"flag331$
printf"19n+RE FLJBEG 8d IM NBLFH14num$5
else
printf"19n+RE FLJBEG 8d HBEM FB+ EUIM+14num$5
getch"$5
=
Butput:
11. C program %or 'e)aec!mal to $!t" conver"!on
Program
0includeCstdio.hD
0define J:U 1000
int main"$2
char ,inaryFum,er6J:U74heTaHecimal6J:U75
long int i305
printf"1Enter any heTadecimal num,er: 1$5
scanf"18s14heTaHecimal$5
printf"19nEVuivalent ,its value: 1$5
#hile"heTaHecimal6i7$2
s#itch"heTaHecimal6i7$2
case <0<: printf"100001$5 ,reak5
case <1<: printf"100011$5 ,reak5
case </<: printf"100101$5 ,reak5
case <><: printf"100111$5 ,reak5
case <4<: printf"101001$5 ,reak5
case <%<: printf"101011$5 ,reak5
case <'<: printf"101101$5 ,reak5
case <*<: printf"101111$5 ,reak5
case <?<: printf"110001$5 ,reak5
case <@<: printf"110011$5 ,reak5
case <:<: printf"110101$5 ,reak5
case <B<: printf"110111$5 ,reak5
case <I<: printf"111001$5 ,reak5
case <H<: printf"111011$5 ,reak5
case <E<: printf"111101$5 ,reak5
case <N<: printf"111111$5 ,reak5
case <a<: printf"110101$5 ,reak5
case <,<: printf"110111$5 ,reak5
case <c<: printf"111001$5 ,reak5
case <d<: printf"111011$5 ,reak5
case <e<: printf"111101$5 ,reak5
case <f<: printf"111111$5 ,reak5
default: printf"19nInvalid heTadecimal digit 8c 14heTaHecimal6i7$5 return 05
=
i;;5
=
return 05
getch"$5
=
Output:
Week I,: Implement the data link layer framing methods such as character stuffing.
C program to insert substring into a string at beging
0include Cstdio.hD
0include Cstring.hD
0include Cstdli,.hD

void insertWsu,string"charQ4 charQ4 int$5
charQ su,string"charQ4 int4 int$5

int main"$
2
char teTt610074 su,string610075
int position5

printf"1Enter some teTt9n1$5
gets"teTt$5

printf"1Enter the string to insert9n1$5
gets"su,string$5

printf"1Enter the position to insert9n1$5
scanf"18d14 &position$5

insertWsu,string"teTt4 su,string4 position$5

printf"18s9n14teTt$5

return 05
=

void insertWsu,string"char Qa4 char Q,4 int position$
2
char Qf4 Qe5
int length5

length 3 strlen"a$5

f 3 su,string"a4 14 position P 1 $5
e 3 su,string"a4 position4 lengthPposition;1$5

strcpy"a4 11$5
strcat"a4 f$5
free"f$5
strcat"a4 ,$5
strcat"a4 e$5
free"e$5
=

char Qsu,string"char Qstring4 int position4 int length$
2
char Qpointer5
int c5

pointer 3 malloc"length;1$5

if" pointer 33 FLKK $
eTit"EUI+WN:IKLGE$5

for" c 3 0 5 c C length 5 c;; $
Q"pointer;c$ 3 Q""string;positionP1$;c$5

Q"pointer;c$ 3 <90<5

return pointer5
=
Output:
C program to insert substring into a string at end
0include Cstdio.hD
0include Cstring.hD
0include Cstdli,.hD

void insertWsu,string"charQ4 charQ4 int$5
charQ su,string"charQ4 int4 int$5

int main"$
2
char teTt610074 su,string610075
int position5

printf"1Enter some teTt9n1$5
gets"teTt$5

printf"1Enter the string to insert9n1$5
gets"su,string$5

printf"1Enter the position to insert9n1$5
scanf"18d14 &position$5

insertWsu,string"teTt4 su,string4 position$5

printf"18s9n14teTt$5

return 05
=

void insertWsu,string"char Qa4 char Q,4 int position$
2
char Qf4 Qe5
int length5

length 3 strlen"a$5

f 3 su,string"a4 14 position P 1 $5
e 3 su,string"a4 position4 lengthPposition;1$5

strcpy"a4 11$5
strcat"a4 f$5
free"f$5
strcat"a4 ,$5
strcat"a4 e$5
free"e$5
=

char Qsu,string"char Qstring4 int position4 int length$
2
char Qpointer5
int c5

pointer 3 malloc"length;1$5

if" pointer 33 FLKK $
eTit"EUI+WN:IKLGE$5

for" c 3 0 5 c C length 5 c;; $
Q"pointer;c$ 3 Q""string;positionP1$;c$5

Q"pointer;c$ 3 <90<5

return pointer5
=
Output:
C program to insert substring into a string at Middle
0include Cstdio.hD
0include Cstring.hD
0include Cstdli,.hD
void insertWsu,string"charQ4 charQ4 int$5
charQ su,string"charQ4 int4 int$5
int main"$
2
char teTt610074 su,string610075
int position5
printf"1Enter some teTt9n1$5
gets"teTt$5
printf"1Enter the string to insert9n1$5
gets"su,string$5
printf"1Enter the position to insert9n1$5
scanf"18d14 &position$5
insertWsu,string"teTt4 su,string4 position$5
printf"18s9n14teTt$5
return 05
=
void insertWsu,string"char Qa4 char Q,4 int position$
2
char Qf4 Qe5
int length5
length 3 strlen"a$5
f 3 su,string"a4 14 position P 1 $5
e 3 su,string"a4 position4 lengthPposition;1$5
strcpy"a4 11$5
strcat"a4 f$5
free"f$5
strcat"a4 ,$5
strcat"a4 e$5
free"e$5
=
char Qsu,string"char Qstring4 int position4 int length$
2
char Qpointer5
int c5
pointer 3 malloc"length;1$5
if" pointer 33 FLKK $
eTit"EUI+WN:IKLGE$5

for" c 3 0 5 c C length 5 c;; $
Q"pointer;c$ 3 Q""string;positionP1$;c$5
Q"pointer;c$ 3 <90<5
return pointer5
=
Output:
C program to %!n out t'e lengt' o% a g!ven "tr!ng w!t'out u"!ng t'e l!brar( %unct!on
"trlen*+.
0include Cstdio.hD
0include Cconio.hD
void main"$
2
char str6%075
int len5
clrscr"$5
printf"19nEF+EG : M+GIFX: 1$5
gets"str$5
for"len305str6len7Y3FLKK5len;;$5
printf"19n+RE KEFX+R BN +RE M+GIFX IM 8d14len$5
getch"$5
=
Output:
EF+EG : M+GIFX : :rchana
n+RE KEFX+R BN +RE M+GIFX IM : *
,o pr!nt t'e rever"e o% a g!ven "tr!ng
0include Cstdio.hD
0include Cconio.hD
void main"$
2
char ch610075
int i4len5
clrscr"$5
printf"19nEF+EG : M+GIFX: 1$5
gets"ch$5
len3strlen"ch$5
printf"19n+RE M+GIFX IF +RE GEZEGME BGHEG: 1$5
for"i3lenP15iD305iPP$
printf"18c14ch6i7$5
getch"$5
=
Butput:
EF+EG : M+GIFX ::rchana
+RE M+GIFX IF +RE GEZEGME BGHEG: anahcra
C program to compare two strings using strcmp
Arogram:
include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main()
{
char a[100], b[100];
clrscr();

print(!"nter the irst string\n!);
gets(a);

print(!"nter the second string\n!);
gets(b);

i( strcmp(a,b) ## 0 )
print(!"ntered strings are e$ual.\n!);
else
print(!"ntered strings are not e$ual.\n!);

return 0;
=
Butput:
c program to copy a string using pointers
#include<stdio.h>

%oid cop&'string(char(, char();

main()
{
char source[100], target[100];

print(!"nter source string\n!);
gets(source);

cop&'string(target, source);

print(!)arget string is \"*s\"\n!, target);

return 0;
+

%oid cop&'string(char (target, char (source)
{
,hile((source)
{
(target # (source;
source--;
target--;
+
(target # .\0.;
+
Output:
String concatenation without strcat
#include <stdio.h>

%oid concatenate'string(char(, char();

int main()
{
char original[100], add[100];

print(!"nter source string\n!);
gets(original);

print(!"nter string to concatenate\n!);
gets(add);

concatenate'string(original, add);

print(!/tring ater concatenation is \"*s\"\n!, original);

return 0;
+

%oid concatenate'string(char (original, char (add)
{
,hile((original)
original--;

,hile((add)
{
(original # (add;
add--;
original--;
+
(original # .\0.;
+
Butput:
Change string to lower case without strlwr
#include <stdio.h>

%oid lo,er'string(char();

int main()
{
char string[100];

print(!"nter a string to con%ert it into lo,er case\n!);
gets(string);

lo,er'string(string);

print(!"ntered string in lo,er case is \"*s\"\n!, string);

return 0;
+

%oid lo,er'string(char (string)
{
,hile((string)
{
i ( (string ># .0. 11 (string <# .2. )
{
(string # (string - 34;
+
string--;
+
+
Butput:
Change string to upper case without strupr
#include <stdio.h>

%oid upper'string(char();

int main()
{
char string[100];

print(!"nter a string to con%ert it into upper case\n!);
gets(string);

upper'string(string);

print(!"ntered string in upper case is \"*s\"\n!, string);

return 0;
+

%oid upper'string(char (string)
{
,hile((string)
{
i ( (string ># .a. 11 (string <# .5. )
{
(string # (string 6 34;
+
string--;
+
+
Butput