THE PRESENT PERFECT

Formao Usa-se o Simple Present do verbo TO HAVE (como um verbo auxiliar) e o past participle do
verbo principal.
OBS O participio passado dos verbos regulares tem a mesma forma do Simple Past ED
O participio passado dos verbos irregulares, tem forma prpria, por isso necessrio estud-los um a
um..
FORMA AFIRMATIVA
I have brought the English dictionary.
Ive brought the English dictionary
You have brought the English dictionary.
Youve brought the English dictionary
FORMA NEGATIVA
They have done anything to help.
Theyve done anything to help.
She has not eaten anything
She hasnt eaten anything.
FORMA INTERROGATIVA.
Have you been to Europe?
Has she seen him?
USOS
O present perfect usado para falar de aes no passado que tem importncia ou ligao com o
presente.
- Aes que aconteceram recentemente no passado, sem especificar o momento em que elas
ocorreram.
EXEMPLO
I have found a wallet on the street.
Simple Past
I found a wallet on the street two days ago.
COM O ADVRBIO JUST, para expresser aes que acabaram de acontecer.
Weve just seen your brother
The students have just arrived.
AES QUE COMEARAM NO PASSADO E CONTINUAM NO PRESENTE, normalmente h indicao da
durao da ao, introduzida pela preposio FOR. (For ages, for a long time, for three years, ou da
indicao de quando a ao comeou a ser feita, introduzida pela preposio SINCE ( since I was tem,
since last year, etc...)
EXEMPLOS:
I have lived in the same house since I was born.
I have lived in the same house for fifteen years.
COM O ADVRBIO ALREADY (J) para indicar aes que j aconteceram e com o advrbio YET, usado
em perguntas para saber se aquela ao j se realizou, ou em oraes negativas para dizer que aquela
ao ainda no aconteceu.
EXEMPLOS:
More food? No, thanks! I have already eaten dinner.
Wait! I havent brushed my teeth yet.
COM O ADVRBIO EVER, para saber se alguma vez aquela ao aconteceu.
Have you ever flown Air France?
Has the History teacher ever visited the USA?(SE A RESPOSTA FOR AFIRMATIVA, USA-SE ALREADY, E SE A
RESPOSTA FOR NEGATIVA, USA-SE never)
COM EXPRESSES QUE INDICAM QUANTAS VEZES A AO VEM SENDO REPETIDA:
EXEMPLOS;
Its the first time Ive eaten raw fish.
I know people who have seen Ghost a couple of times.
COM EXPRESSES DE TEMPO, que indicam um perodo que ainda no est terminado: today, this week,
this morning, this year, etc...
EXEMPLO:
I havent ready any e-mails this morning. (It is still morning)
I didnt read any e-mail this morning. (It is afternoon now.)
COM OS ADVRBIOS LATELY E RECENTLY (ultimamente, recentemente)
EXEMPLOS:
Have you visited your relatives in the south lately?
Has she come here recently?