MACHINE OPERATION CALCULATIONS

I. Turning
A. Machine Speed: To achieve a specific cuttin speed:
N ! "achine speed in #evo$utions%"inute &RPM'
( is a constant to )co##ect* speed &+' and pa#t dia"ete# &,
i
' units
+ is desi#ed cuttin speed- a Hand.oo( +a$ue
,
/
is $a#est pa#t dia"ete# &initia$ si0e'
+ iven in su#face feet pe# "inute &S1PM'- ,
/
in inches: ( ! /2
+ iven in "ete#s pe# second &MPS'- ,
/
in "": ( ! 34444
+ iven in "ete#s pe# "inute &MPM'- ,
/
in "": ( ! /444
If Cuttin Speed fo# a iven RPM #ate is desi#ed- so$ve a.ove e5uation fo# +: + ! N,%(
6. Cuttin Ti"e: "inutes pe# ope#ation
CT is cuttin ti"e pe# )pass*
L is $enth cut
A is )a$$o7ance* o# sta#tin offset
f
#
is "achine feed #ate units%#evo$ution- a Hand.oo( +a$ue
/
( 8 +
N !
8
,

C. Mate#ia$ Re"ova$
Rate &MRR o# 9':
+o$u"e Re"oved
cuttin ti"e
,
2
is 1inished ,ia"ete#
Su.stitutin fo# N f#o" a.ove:

and:
t is ,epth of cut &inch o# ""'
The#efo#e:
CT !
&L : A'
f 8 N
#
MRR !
8L &, ; , '
2
/
2
2
< L
f N
#

MRR ! ( f + =
, ; ,
2
> 8 =
, : ,
2,
>
=
, ; ,
2
> t
=
, : ,
2,
> /
#
/ 2 / 2
/
/ 2
/ 2
/

MRR ( + f t
#

II. Boring
A. Machine Speed: as a.ove e?cept ,
/
is the finished &$a#e#' dia"ete#
6. Cuttin Ti"e: sa"e as a.ove
C: Mate#ia$ Re"ova$ Rate: as a.ove e?cept ,
/
is finished dia"ete# 7hi$e ,
2
is Initia$ &s"a$$e#'
dia"ete#.
III. Facing- Slot Cutting o# Cut Off
In facin- s$ot &p$une' cuttin and cut off- the cuttin speed fo# a iven RPM dec#eases as
the too$ p#o#esses to7a#d the cente# of the piece .ein cut. This fo$$o7s since "ost &"anua$'
$athes cannot inc#ease spind$e speed &N' du#in cuttin ope#ations. Thus- the #e5ui#ed N is
ca$cu$ated as a.ove usin the outside &$a#est' dia"ete# of the pa#t fo# a iven +.
A. Machine Speed
N !
( 8 +
8 ,/

If Cuttin Speed fo# a iven RPM #ate is desi#ed- so$ve a.ove e5uation fo# +: + ! N,%(
6. Cuttin Ti"e
CT !
&L : A'
f 8 N
#
C. Mate#ia$ Re"ova$ Rate &he#e ,
/
is Outside ,ia"ete#'
I+. Slab (Horizontal) Milling &.e ca#efu$ 7ith units@@'
MRR !
+o$. Re"oved
CT
!
, f tN
<8L

7he#e: L is fo# so$idsA fo# tu.es

, is inside dia"ete#

t is 7idth of cut &too$'

Su.stitutin fo# N and L:

MRR f t+
2
/ #
,
2
, ; ,
2
i
(
2 #
/ / i

Te#"s Used:
N: RPM of Cutte#
n: Nu".e# of Teeth on Cutte#
B: Bidth of cut &"aC .e fu$$ cutte# o# pa#tia$ cutte#'
t: depth of cut
+: cuttin speed ;; a Hand.oo( va$ue
L: Lenth of pass o# cut
f
"
: Ta.$e &"achine' 1eed
f
t
: feed%tooth of cutte# ;; a Hand.oo( va$ue
,: Cutte# ,ia"ete#
A. Cuttin Speed:
If Cuttin Speed fo# a iven RPM #ate is desi#ed- so$ve a.ove e5uation fo# +: + ! N,%(
6. Ta.$e 1eed Rate:
" t
f ! f 8 N8n
C. Cuttin Ti"e:
N !
(+
,
CT !
L : L
f

L is Lenth of App#oach of Too$ to Bo#(

L ! t&, ; t'
A
"
A
A
,. Mate#ia$ Re"ova$ Rate:
MRR !
+o$. Re"oved
CT
!
L8B8t
CT
! B8t8f "
Re"e".e# that the $enth of app#oach ca$cu$ated he#e puts the cutte# aainst the 7o#( at the
sta#t- 7e 7i$$ add a s"a$$ additiona$ ai# ap to spin the too$ to speed and a$$o7 the ta.$e to achieve
ta#et feed #ate .efo#e chip "a(in .eins. Bhen dete#"inin cuttin ti"e and MRR- ca#e "ust
.e e?e#cised. As( Cou#se$f if tota$ cuttin ti"e o# ti"e to "a(e one pass ac#oss the pa#t is .ein
#e5uested- ie. is a sin$e o# "u$tip$e pass ope#ation to .e studied. A$so- note that in the MRR
e5uation the )cuttin ti"e* te#" does not inc$ude the ti"e of pa#tia$ enae"ent &L
A
'. Aain- if a
"u$ti;pass ope#ation is .ein e"p$oCed- the app#op#iate 7idth te#" shou$d .e used in the MRR
e5uation.
+. Face &Vertical' Milling
Te#"s Used:
N: RPM of Cutte#
n: Nu".e# of Teeth on Cutte#
B: Bidth of cut &"aC .e fu$$ cutte# o# pa#tia$ cutte#'
t: depth of cutte# enae"ent
+: cuttin speed ;; a Hand.oo( va$ue
L: Lenth of pass o# cut
f
"
: Ta.$e &"achine' 1eed
f
t
: feed%tooth of cutte# ;; a Hand.oo( va$ue
,: Cutte# ,ia"ete#
L
A
: App#oach Lenth
L
O
: Lenth of )Ove#T#ave$*
A. Cuttin Speed:
N !
(+
,
If Cuttin Speed fo# a iven RPM #ate is desi#ed- so$ve a.ove e5uation fo# +: + ! N,%(
6. Ta.$e 1eed:
" t
f ! f 8 N8n
C. Cuttin Ti"e. He#e seve#a$ situation "ust .e conside#ed- these inc$ude:
/. Too$ Not 1u$$C Enaed 7ith BD,%2
2. Too$ not 1u$$C Enaed .ut BE ,%2
F. Too$ 1u$$C Enaed- Rouhin Pass ;; ,oesnGt #e5ui#e )1u$$ Bipe*
<. Too$ 1u$$C Enaed- 1inishin Pass ;; #e5ui#es )1u$$ Bipin Action*
,: Meta$ Re"ova$ Rate:
CT !
&L: L : L '
f

/. L ! L ! B&, ; B'

2. L ! L !

F. L ! L ! ; 4.H8 , ; B

<. L ! L !
A O
"
A O
A O
,
2
A
,
2 O
2 2
A O
,
2
MRR !
+o$. Re"oved
CT
!
L8B8 t
CT
! B8t8f "
Aain- the cautions on sin$e vs. "u$tip$e pass CT and MRR app$C as 7ith S$a. Mi$$in.
Re"e".e# too- that the $enth of app#oach he#e puts the cutte# aainst the 7o#( at the sta#t- 7e
7i$$ add a s"a$$ additiona$ ai# ap to spin the too$ to speed and a$$o7 the ta.$e to achieve ta#et
feed #ate .efo#e chip "a(in .eins. A$so- ca#e shou$d .e e?e#cised 7ith #ea#ds to units.
VI. Drilling
A. ,#i$$ Speed- RPM
( is a )Units Constant*
, is ,#i$$ ,ia"ete#
+ is cuttin speed- a Hand.oo( +a$ue- if Cuttin Speed fo# a iven RPM #ate is desi#ed-
so$ve a.ove e5uation fo# +: + ! N,%(
6. Cuttin Ti"e &"in'
N !
(+
,
C. MRR is &aain' Mate#ia$ Re"ova$ Rate
And note- no "ate#ia$ is #e"oved 7hi$e the ,#i$$ t#ave$s th#ouh the )A$$o7ance Ione*
Use caution 7ith units@@
CT !
&L : A'
f 8 N

A is a$$o7anceA usua$$C

f is d#i$$ feed#ate

L is $enth of Ho$e
#
,
2
#
MRR !
+o$. Re"oved
CT
!
, Lf N
<L
!
, f N
<
2
#
2
#