A volcano is a mountain where lava (hot, liquid rock) comes from a magma chamber under the

ground.[1]
Most volcanoes have a volcanic crater at the to. !hen the" are active, materials our out of it.
#his includes lava, steam, ash and broken rock ieces.
$olcanoes erut when magma and ressure come together, and the ressure blows off the to of
the solid rock, and the magma ours out.
$olcanoes are also found on lanets other than %arth, like the &l"mus Mons on Mars.
'ist of $olcanoes(
)ilauea (*awaii, +,A)
)rakatoa (-akata, .ndonesia)
Mauna 'oa (*awaii, +,A)
Mauna )ea (*awaii, +,A)
Mount /aker (!ashington, +,A)
Mount %d0i0a (/ritish 1olumbia, 1anada)
Mount %tna (,icil", .tal")
Mount %rebus (-oss .sland, Antarctica)
Mount *ood (&regon, +,A)
Mount 2u3i (*onshu, 4aan)
Mount -ainier (!ashington, +,A)
Mount -uaehu (5orth .sland, 5ew 6ealand)
Mount ,hasta (1alifornia, +,A)
Mount ,t. *elens (!ashington, +,A)
5ovaruta (Alaska, +,A)
&l"mus Mons (Mars (lanet))
7oocat8etl (Me9ico:7uebla state line, Me9ico)
,urtse" (,urtse" island, .celand)
,antorini (,antorini island, ;reece)
#ambora (,umbawa, .ndonesia)
#eide (#enerife, 1anar" .slands, ,ain)
$esuvius (/a" of 5ales, .tal")
<ellowstone 1aldera (!"oming, +,A)
A traditional wa" to classif" or identif" a volcanoes is b" its attern of erutions. #hose volcanoes
which ma" erut again at an" time are called active. #hose that are now quiet called dormant
(inactive). #hose volcanos which have not eruted in historical times are called e9tinct.
1lassified as active(
An active volcano is currentl" eruting, or it has eruted in the last 1=,=== "ears. 2or e9amle,
Mount ,t. *elens in the +nited ,tates
1lassified as dormant(
A dormant volcano is >sleeing,> but it could awaken in the future. 2or e9amle, Mount -ainier in
the +nited ,tates
1lassified as e9tinct(
An e9tinct volcano has not eruted in the ast 1=,=== "ears .2or e9amle, %dinburgh 1astle in
,cotland
7arts of a volcano(
1. 'arge magma chamber
?. /edrock
@. 1onduit (ie)
A. /ase
B. ,ill
C. /ranch ie
D. 'a"ers of ash emitted b" the volcano
E. 2lank
F. 'a"ers of lava emitted b" the volcano
1=. #hroat
11. 7arasitic cone
1?. 'ava flow
1@. $ent
1A. 1rater
1B. Ash cloud
*ow volcanoes are formed.
#here are two main wa"s(
$olcanoes are made when two lates come together. !hen these two lates meet, one of them
(usuall" the oceanic late) goes under the continental late. Afterwards, it melts and makes
magma (inside the magma chamber), and the ressure builds u until the magma bursts through
the %arthGs crust.
#he second wa" is when a tectonic late moves over a hot sot in the %arthGs crust. #he hot sot
works its wa" through the crust until it breaks through. 2or e9amle the *awaiian .slands.
#"es of $olcanoes
#he lava and "roclastic material that comes out from volcanoes can make man" different kinds
of land shaes. #here are three basic kinds of volcanoes.
,hield volcano
,hield volcanoes are built out of la"ers of lava from continual erutions (without e9losions).
/ecause the lava is so liquid", it sreads
often over a wide area. ,hield volcanoes do not grow to a great height, and the la"ers of lava
sread out to give the volcano gentl" sloing sides. ,hield volcanoes can roduce huge areas of
basalt (a t"e of rock) which is usuall" what lava is when cooled.
%ven though their sides are not ver" stee, shield volcanoes can be huge. Mauna )ea in *awaii
is the biggest mountain on %arth. .f it is measured from its base on the floor of the sea, Mauna
)ea is even taller than Mount %verest, the tallest mountain on land.
1aldera volcano
1aldera volcanoes are small volcanic cones that are made b" "roclastic material (the ieces of
rock that come out because of an e9losion) after fairl" e9losive erutions.
#he "roclastic material makes rather steeer sloes and a narrower base than shield volcanoes.
1aldera volcanoes usuall" erut for onl" a short time and often are gathered together, usuall" on
the sides of shield and comosite volcanoes. #he" erode quickl" because the "roclastic
articles are not stuck together firml" b" lava