Tattvartha

Sutra?
Samyak Darshan Jnn
Chritrani
Mokshmrgah
Tattvartha Sutra
!
Sermons of Mahvira
!
Scripture to learn All That Is (Jain
Religion, Ethics, Philosophy)
!
344 Sutras (357 per some
tradition)- Sanskrit Language
!
Written by Umsvti in the
second century
!
Translated by Dr. Nathmal Tatia,
Tattvartha Sutra Discusses
All Aspects of Life
1. The Categories of Truth
2. The Nature of the Soul
3. The Lower and Middle Region
4. The Gods
5. Substances
6. The Inow of Karma
7. The Vows
Whats our Objective
!
Better understand Jain philosophy
!
What we should be aware of in our
daily practice
!
Be able to explain the fundamentals to
our family and friends
!
Teach
!
Appreciate other schools of thoughts
BE MORE SPIRITUAL !
Our Agenda
(Part 1)
!
Introduction
!
Who Am I
!
Enlightened Person
!
Six Universal Sub.
!
Knowledge
!
Anektavda
!
Souls Link to the
World
Part 2
!
Karmic Bondage
!
Inhibiting and Wearing off Karma
!
Vows
!
14 Gunsthns
!
Meditation
!
Liberation
!
Discussions
!
The Goal of Human Life is
Liberation
!
Liberation is Perfect
Knowledge, Perfect
Intuition, and Eternal Bliss
!
All Knowledge is Partial
Truth Except Omniscience
Authors Assumptions
Liberation
Omniscience
!
Perfect, Enlightened, Righteous,
Right, Complete
!
Samyktava
Theme
!
Non-Violence (Ahims)
! Strengthens the autonomy of life
of every being
!
Non-Absolutism (Anekntavda)
! Strengthens the autonomy of
thought of every individual
"
Naya-vda relates to thoughts and
analysis
"
Sydvda relates to speech (language to
express obvious paradox)
!
Nonviolence Unlimited
!
Tolerance Unconditional
!
Reverence for life Supreme
Which one will you select?
1 Insistence on Life
2 Insistence on Truth
!
Insistence on life is a superior moral
value to insistence on truth because
the nature of truth varies from thinker
to thinker but life is an invariable
constant that is dear to all.
Who Am I?
?
!
Why am I here?
!
From where did I come?
!
Where am I going?
Who am I ?
!
I am a symbiosis of physical and
spiritual substances
!
Why am I here?
I am here to realize who I am
!
From where did I come?
I come from the past karmic
inuences
!
Where am I going?
I am moving towards liberation
Enlightened
Person
Samyak Darshan Jnn Chritrani
Mokshmrgah
Enlightened World View
Enlightened Knowledge
Enlightened Conduct
Cause----
Effect----
Wandering
Souls
TIME A
W
A
R
E
N
E
S
S
The Journey Starts
E
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Worksheet
Am I an Enlightened
What specic qualities distinguish an
enlightened person
!
1.
!
2.
!
3.
!
4.
Which of these qualities do
I possess ?
Qualities of an
Enlightened Person
!
Calmness
!
Desire for Liberation
!
Distaste (detachment) for worldly life
!
Compassion
!
Faith in transmigration (karma theory)
How Do We Become Enlightened People. . .
The Five Qualities of A
Person Having Samyaktva
!
stikya Belief in the fundamentals
and conviction
!
Anukamp Compassion
!
Nirveda Dispassionate and
detached view of
things
!
Samvega Keenness for

righteousness and
positive
motivation
Three
Jewels of
Jainism
Three Jewels
(Path to Liberation)
!
Enlightened World-View (Samyak Darshan)
!
Enlightened Knowledge (Samyak Jnn)
! Types of Knowledge
! Bhvans
!
Enlightened Action (Samyak Chritra)
! Lay Vows (Anu-vrata)
! Holy Vows (Mah-vrata)
Wandering
Souls
Karmic Bondage
and Inow
Omniscience
and
Liberation
Karmic
Shedding
The Vows
C
O
N
D
U
C
T
Non-
Violence
F
A
I
T
H
K
N
O
W
L
E
D
G
E
Purity
of Thought
TIME A
W
A
R
E
N
E
S
S
Path to Liberation
Fundamentals of Existence
!
Beginninglessness
!
Interdependent co-
existence of Physical
and Spiritual Reality
!
Interaction between
Soul and matter.
!
Modern- ignores the
Soul
Fundamentals of Existence
!
Cause and Effect (through Karma)
Fundamentals of Existence
!
Impact of failure to grasp this
--Personality Problems-Physical or
Spiritual
--Social Problems-
--Economic Decline-by ignoring the
harmony of soul and physical world
--Environmental Declinefailure to
recognize our interdependence with
physical world
Parasparopagraho
Souls render service to one another
!
Souls inuence each other through service which
may be favorable or unfavorable
!
They cannot live independently of one another ...
!
All things are autonomous and interdependent
!
They must bear the karmic results individually..
!
They create a common environment and lie
together in wealth and woe
!
Our joint responsibility for the common
environment we create and share
Six Universal
Six Universal Substances
Jiva Matter
Space
Adharma
Dharma
Time
Jiva (Chetan)
Ajiva (Achetan)
(Medium of rest)
(Medium of motion)
Substances in the
Matter
Space
Adharma
Dharma
Jiva
Time
Where do we Reside
Upper Regions
Middle Region
Lower Regions
Transit of Soul
The Physics of Matter
Matter has qualities of touch, taste, smell,
color
Matter (Pudgal)
Atoms
(Parmnu)
Clusters
(Skandha)
Knowledge
Categories Of Truth
Gateways Of
Investigation
Approved
Means Of
Knowledge
Philosophical
Standpoint
The categories of truth
can be understood with
more precision and
clarity through these 3
ways
Ways Of Acquiring Knowledge
Clairvoyant
Mind-reading
Omniscient
Act of seeing the objects
of anothers mind
Knowledge of all other
substances in all their modes
Perception of things that are out
of the natural range of senses
Empirical
Articulate
Gained through the senses
Minds ability to comprehend
what is sensed
Conceptualization through language
KNOWLEDGE
Mediate (Acquired)
Immediate (Innate)
Knowledge : Key To
More
Delusion
More
Enlightened
K A R M A S
*
Partial Elimination
&
Partial Suppression
K N O W L E D G E
Clairvoyance
#Other than omniscience, all other categories are
mixture of knowledge & ignorance
# Omniscience is perfect Innate, pure
enlightenment
Reality
and
Anektavda
Jain Perspective
Doctrine of
Non-absolutism
(Anekntavdaa
)
Philosophical
Standpoints
Sevenfold
Predication
[Sapta-bhanga]
VIEWS OF REALITY
Philosophy Of Being
(Unchanging)
Stresses
Substance
EVER
UNCHANGING
LIKE
THE SUN
Philosophy Of Becoming
Always Changing)
Stresses
Modes
EVER
CHANGING
LIKE THE
WEATHER
Philosophy of Being (substances) and
Philosophy of Becoming (modes) Are
Both Real And Integral
The Nature of Reality
Reality = Substance + Quality + Modes
Modes
Water
H
2
O
2
Relativism [Sydvda]
The same reality can be viewed
from different standpoints - Doctrine of MAY-BE
water
Changelessness Beneath
SOUL
Multiplicity of Viewpoints
[ANEKNTA-VDA]
EXISTENCE NON-
EXISTENCE
INEXPRESSIBILITY
1
2
3
6
4
5
7
The Seven Fold Predication of the Real
Does Truth Exist ?
Anekntvda
- Reduce Ego
- Keep an open mind
Truth Exists
(Time Specic)
Nature
of
Soul
SPIRITUALITY IS SOUL
!
2 CLASSES
!
3 QUALITIES
!
5 STATES
CLASSES OF SOUL
!
2 CLASSES
Worldly
(Sansri)
Liberated
(Siddha)
QUALITIES OF SOUL
!
3 QUALITIES
Everlasting
Sentience
Omniscience
STATES OF SOUL
5 STATES
Suppression
Aupashamika
Elimination
Kshyika
Mixing
Ksahyopsham
Operative
Audyik
Intrinsic
Parinmika
Choice: Circle of Life
Circle of Life
Moksha
and Death
!
Life Forces (Prnas)
1.Touch Sense
2. Body
3. Respiration
4. Lifespan
5. Taste Sense
6. Speech Faculty
7. Smell Sense
8. Sight Sense
SOULS LINK TO THE WORLD
BEINGS (VITALITIES) SENSES
Prna
Earth, water, plant, re, air (1-4) Touch
Worms, leeches, mussels (1-6) Touch, taste
Ants, plant-lice, termites (1- 7) Touch, taste, smell
Wasps, gnats (1-8) Touch, taste, smell, sight
Fish, birds (Non-rational) (1-9) Touch, taste, smell,
sight, hearing
Humans, infernals (Rational) (1-10) Touch, taste, smell, sight,
hearing
HOUSING FOR THE SOUL
BODY TYPES DEFINITION EXAMPLE
Gross Body Visible Bulky Body Human
Protean Body Cluster Body of Matter Devas
Conveyance Body Auspicious White and Pure
Material
Fiery (Electrical) Body Digests Food for
Sub-bodies Nourishment of the Gross Body
Karmic Body The Basket That Holds All bodies
the Karmic Particles of the Soul
!
Audrika
!
Vaikrya
!
harak
!
Taijas
!
Krman
WHATS AFTER DEATH
Rebirth
In The Same Body In Some Single
Cell Creatures
M
O
K
S
H
A
or
Death
Exhaustion Of Lifespan Karma And
Active Arising of New Life Span Karma
Soul Movement
Straight Line: From Momentum Of Its Past
Karma
Turning Line: Obtains Impetus From
Associated Karmas
A
r
i
s
i
n
g
E
x
h
a
u
s
t
i
o
n
+ -
Karmic
Bondage
(Bandha)
Seven Tattvas
!
Jiva (souls)
!
Ajiva (non-sentient entities)
!
srav (inow of karmic particles to the soul)
!
Bandha (binding of karmic particles to the soul)
!
Samvar (stopping the karmic inow)
!
Nirjar (falling away of karmic particles)
!
Moksha (liberation from worldly bondage)
Bondage of Karma
!
Bondage is the process by which
karma are attached to the soul
+
+
-
-
+
Karmas Influence Us
Speech
Body
Mind
+
Karma Inow
Causes of Bondage
Laxity
Non-abstinence
Deluded World
Views
Passions
Actions of body,
speech and mind
+
-- -
++++
Accident on Route to Nirvana.
Scenario : A person meeting an accident with a car
Result : Vibration of soul in association with mind
and body
Events :
!
Evil thoughts -- srava
!
Mind constantly thinking -- Bandha
!
Jo hona tha so ho gaya -- Samvar
!
Practice austerity -- Nirjar
Types of Karmic Bondage
!
Knowledge Covering
!
Intuition Covering
!
Obstructive
!
Deluding (View, Conduct)
G
h

a
t
i

K
a
r
m
a
A
g
h

t
i

K
a
r
m
a
!
Life Span
!
Body
!
Status
!
Feeling Pertaining
Influence Your Karmic
Decrease the Fruition
Intensity
Shorten the Duration
Inhibit New Karmic
Inow
+
-- -
+++
Karmic Bondage Cycle
Karmic
Particles
+ -
+
+
- +
+ -
+
+ -
+
+ -
+
+
+
+
+
+
Actions
Dormant
Karma
Fruition Taking
Place
S
t
r
o
n
g

W
i
l
l
-
P
o
w
e
r
S
t
r
o
n
g

P
a
s
s
i
o
n
s
Strong
Intensity
Less Intensity
Inhibition and Wearing off
Only
non-destructive
Karmas
Omniscient
Are Beneficial Karmas
Good?
Give worldly
pleasures
Give worldly
pain
More harmful
karmas
More benecial
karmas
Work Sheet
The Ins of Karma
!
During the last week what have you done
(thoughts, action, speech) that acquired harmful
karmas..........
!
What specic action you took to minimize these
karmic inow?
Inhibiting and
7 Ways to Inhibit and Wear
off Karma
Right Control
12 Reections
Mind, Body,
Speech
Moving
Carefully
Practicing
Austerities
Right
Conduct
Enduring
Hardships
1. Guarding
Speech
[Vachan]
Mind
[Mana]
Body
[Ky]
2. Moving Carefully
!
Walking
!
Speaking
!
Seeking Alms
!
Handling Objects of Daily Use
!
Disposing of Excreta
3. Observing 10 Dharmas
Forgiveness
Straightforwardness
Purity
Truthfulness
Self Restraint
Austerity
Renunciation
Detachment
Continence
Humility
!
Ksham (forbearance)
!
Mrdava (humility)
!
rjava (straightforwardness)
!
Shaucha (absence of greed, purity of mind)
!
Satya (truthfulness)
!
Sanyam (self-restraint)
!
Tapa (penance)
!
Tyg (renunciation)
!
kinchanya (absence of a feeling of ownership)
!
Brahmacharya (celibacy)
4. 12 Reflections
[Bhvan]
!
Inhibiting of
Karma
!
Wearing off of
Karma
!
Nature of
Cosmos
!
Rairity of
Enlightenment
!
Lucid
!
Impermanence
!
Helplessness
!
Cycles of Birth/
Death
!
Solitariness
!
Otherness of Body
!
Impurity of the
Body
!
Inow of Karma
5. Practicing Right Control
Initiation
Ordination
Purication through Service
Self-Restraint and Subtle
Flickering Greed
Ideal and
Passionless
Conduct
6. Enduring Hardship
!
Hunger
!
Thirst
!
Cold
!
Heat
!
Insect Bites
!
Nudity
!
Ennui
!
Women(Sexual
urges)
!
Travel
!
Seat/Posture
!
Indignation
!
Injury
!
Seeking Alms
!
Lack of Gain
!
Physical Ailment
!
Thorny grass
!
Dirt
!
Honor and Reward
!
Learning
!
Lack of Intelligence
!
Loss of Faith
!
Thirst
7. Practicing Austerities
!
Fasting
!
Semi-Fasting
!
Limiting the Variety
!
Giving up Delicacies
!
Lonely Habitation
!
Mortication of Body
!
Penance
!
Reverence
!
Service
!
Scriptural Study
!
Renunciation
!
Meditation
Internal
External
Austerities Vs. Hardships
!
List three Hardships have you experienced
today ?
! 1.
! 2.
! 3.
!
List three austerities did you do last week ?
! 1.
! 2.
! 3.
Austerities Vs. Hardships
!
Hardships:
! Occur randomly due to Karma
! Enduring helps in strict observance of vows
!
Austerities:
! Initiated by soul/oneself to minimize
passion
! Inhibit Karma inow and wear off Karma
Vows
Doors of Inflow of Karmas
5 SENSES
!
Touch
!
Taste
!
Smell
!
Sight
!
Hearing
5 INDULGENSES
!
Causing Injury
!
Lying
!
Stealing
!
Incontinence
!
Possessiveness
4 PASSIONS
!
Anger
!
Pride
!
Deceit
!
Greed
25 URGES
!
Evil
!
Torture
!
Deceitful
!
...
!
Possessive
clinging
Vows ->path of Liberation
!
Vows remove entrenched undesirable habits
!
A vow is a self imposed obligation
!
Must be practiced with :
!
How can a vow both inhibit and generate karmic
inow ?
Ought not to
do
Ought to do
Deed Word Thought
Practice the five Vows

Violence
Falsehoo
d
Stealing
Carnality
Parigrah
Non-Violence
[Ahims]
Non-
Possessiveness
[Aparigraha]
Celibacy
[Brahmacharya]
Non-
Stealing
[Achaurya]
Truth
[Satya]
Control Your Attachments
Practice with
Attachment
(Be compassionate)
Practice with
Detachment
(Not be violent)
Vows of
Non-Violence
+ / - Karma
No Karmas
Control Your Passions
Passions
Passions
+/- Karma
No Karmas
EMOTIONS
Anger
Pride
Deceit
Greed
Activities to Support Vows
Non-stealing
Celibacy
Truthfulnes
s
Non-Violence
Non-Possessiveness
What are Gunsthns ?
These fourteen stages of
spiritual development
allow for stopping of
Karma Inow
14 Gunsthns Overview
Samyak
Darshan
(EWV)
Self
Restraint
(Vows)
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Stage 5
Stage 6
Stage 7
Stage 8 - 11
Stage 12
Stage 13
Stage 14
Karmas
(Delusion)
Meditation
Taste of Samyak Darshan
(Stage:1,2,3,4)
Deluded
World View
Spiritual
Life Begins
(Who Am I?)
Realization and Self
Anu Vrata
Mah Vrata
Suppresion/Elimination
(Stage: 8,9,10,11)
+
+
+
-
-
+
-
Elimination of Deluding
Knowledge-covering
Obstructive Karmas
Intuition-covering
Omniscience with Activity
(Stage 13)
Omniscience
Where Do I Stand
Samyak
Darshan
(Enlightened
World View)
Self
Restraint
(Vows)
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Stage 5
Stage 6
Stage 7
Stage 8 - 11
Stage 12
Stage 13
Stage 14
Karmas
(Delusion)
Meditation
Meditation
Types of Meditation
Analytic White (Pure)
Sorrowful Wrathful
Meditation

Liberation
Liberation
Liberation
Omniscience
Knowledge Covering
Intuition Covering
View Deluding
Obstructive
Body
Status
Sensation
Life span
The Soul After Liberation
!
What after Liberation ?
!
Souls separation
!
Souls upward motion
!
Souls arrival at the border of cosmic space
!
What is the souls nature after
liberation
!
Pure and perfect enlightened world view
!
Enlightened knowledge
!
Enlightened intuition
Parasparopagraho
Souls render service to one another
!
Souls inuence each other through service
which may be favorable or unfavorable
!
They cannot live independently of one
another ...
!
They must bear the karmic results
individually..
!
They create a common environment and
lie together in wealth and woe
Vrata depends on:
Selection of the type of conduct to be practiced,
Knowledge of what is the right conduct and what is the wrong
conduct
How much energy one can use and is capable of using for the
right conduct