A 706 / a 706M - 98e1 Standard Specification for low-allo steel deformed and "lain #ars for concrete reinforcement. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the department of defense.
A 706 / a 706M - 98e1 Standard Specification for low-allo steel deformed and "lain #ars for concrete reinforcement. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the department of defense.
A 706 / a 706M - 98e1 Standard Specification for low-allo steel deformed and "lain #ars for concrete reinforcement. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the department of defense.
Low-Allo Steel Defor!ed and "lain #ars for $oncrete %einforce!ent1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 706/A 706M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of reision, the year of last reision! A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproal! A superscript epsilon (e" indicates an editorial change since the last reision or reapproal! This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. e# $%T&'An editorial correction was made in #(!# in August #)))! 1. Scope #!# General'This specification coers deformed and plain low*alloy steel bars in cut lengths or coils for concrete reinforcement intended for applications where restrictie mechanical properties and chemical composition are re+uired for compatibility with controlled tensile property applications or to enhance weldability! The standard si,es and dimensions of deformed bars and their number designations shall be those in Table #! The text of this specification references notes and footnotes that proide explanatory material! These notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered as re+uirements of this specification! #!- Grade'.ars are of a single minimum yield strength leel/ namely, 60 000 psi 01-0 M2a3, designated as 4rade 60 01-03! #!5 2lain rounds, in si,es up to and including - in! 0(0!6 mm3 in diameter in coils or cut lengths, when ordered, shall be furnished under this specification! 7or ductility properties 8elongation and bending", test proisions of the nearest smaller nominal diameter deformed bar si,e shall apply! #!1 Controlled Tensile Properties'This specification limits mechanical properties 8Table -" to proide the desired yield/tensile properties for controlled tensile property applications! #!( Welding'This specification limits chemical composition 86!-" and carbon e+uialent 86!1" to enhance the weldability of the material! 9hen steel is to be welded, a welding procedure suitable for the chemical composition and intended use or serice should be used! The use of the latest edition of A$:;/A9: <#!1 is recommended! This document describes the proper selection of the filler metals, preheat/interpass temperatures, as well as, performance and procedure +ualification re+uirements! #!6 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch*pound units 8:pecification A 706" or in :; units 0:pecification A 706M3! #!7 The alues stated in either inch*pound units or :; units are to be regarded as standard! 9ithin the text, the :; units are shown in brac=ets! The alues stated in each system are not exact e+uialents; therefore, each system must be used inde*pendently of the other! >ombining alues from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this specification! 2. Referenced Documents -!# ASTM Standards A 6/A 6M :pecification for 4eneral ?e+uirements for ?olled :tructural :teel .ars, 2lates, :hapes, and :teel 2iling - A 570 Test Methods and <efinitions for Mechanical Testing of :teel 2roducts 5 A (#0 :pecification for 4eneral ?e+uirements for 9ire ?ods and >oarse ?ound 9ire, >arbon :teel 5 A (#0M :pecification for 4eneral ?e+uirements for 9ire ?ods and >oarse ?ound 9ire, >arbon :teel 8Metric"5 A 6#(/A 6#(M :pecification for <eformed and 2lain .illet*:teel .ars for >oncrete ?einforcement - A 700 2ractices for 2ac=aging, Mar=ing, and @oading Methods for :teel 2roducts for <omestic :hipment 1 & -) 2ractice for Asing :ignificant <igits in Test <ata to <etermine >onformance with :pecifications ( -!- AWS Standard A9: <#!1 :tructural 9elding >ode'?einforcing :teel 6 -!5 Government Standards M;@*:T<*#-) Mar=ing for :hipment and :torage 7 M;@*:T<*#65 :teel Mill 2roducts 2reparation for :hipment and :torage 7 7ed! :td! $o! #-5 Mar=ing for :hipment 8>iil Agencies"7 3. Terminology 5!# Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard # This specification is under the Burisdiction of A:TM >ommittee A*# on :teel, :tainless :teel, and ?elated Alloys and is the direct responsibility of :ubcommittee A0#!0( on :teel ?einforcement! >urrent edition approed :ept! #0, #))6! 2ublished $oember #))6! %riginally published as A 706 C 71! @ast preious edition A 706/A 706M C )6b! - Annual !oo" of ASTM Standards, Dol 0#!01! 5 Annual !oo" of ASTM Standards, Dol 0#!05! 1 Annual !oo" of ASTM Standards, Dol 0#!0(! ( Annual !oo" of ASTM Standards, Dol #1!0-! 6 Aailable from the American 9elding :ociety, 2!%! .ox 5(#010, ((0 $!9! @e Eeune ?d!, Miami, 7@ 55#5(! 7 Aailable from :tandardi,ation <ocuments %rder <es=, .ldg! 1 :ection <, 700 ?obbins Ae!, 2hiladelphia, 2A #)###*(0)1, Attn/ $2%<:! # Copyright ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 1!"#$"%, &nite' States( 5!#!# deformations# , n'protrusions on a deformed bar! 5!#!- deformed bar# , n'steel bar with protrusions; a bar that is intended for use as reinforcement in reinforced concrete and related construction! 5!#!5 Discussion'The surface of the bar is proided with lugs or protrusions that inhibit longitudinal moement of the bar relatie to the concrete surrounding the bar in such construction! The lugs or protrusions conform to the proisions of this specification! 5!#!1 plain bar# , n'steel bar without protrusions! 5!#!( rib# , n' longitudinal protrusions on a deformed bar! 4. Ordering Information 1!# ;t shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all re+uirements that are necessary for material ordered to this specification! :uch re+uirements shall include, but are not limited to, the following/ 1!#!# Fuantity 8weight" 0mass3, 1!#!- $ame of material 8low*alloy steel deformed and plain bars for concrete reinforcement", 1!#!5 :i,e, 1!#!1 >ut lengths or coils, 1!#!( <eformed or plain, 1!#!6 2ac=aging 8see :ection #7", 1!#!7 A:TM designation and year of issue, and 1!#!6 >ertified mill test reports 8if desired"! 8:ee :ection #5!" $%T& #'A typical ordering description is as follows/ -0 tons, low*alloy steel deformed bars for concrete reinforcement, $o! #1, 60 ft 0 in! long, in secured lifts to :pecification A 706 C GGGG! >ertified mill test reports are re+uired! 0#) tonnes, low*alloy steel deformed bars for concrete reinforcement, $o! -(, #6!5 m long, in secured lifts to :pecification A 706M C GGGG! >ertified mill test reports are re+uired!3 5. Material and Manufacture (!# The bars shall be processed from properly identified heats of mold cast or strand cast steel! (!- The steel shall be made by one or more of the following processes/ open*hearth, basic*oxygen, or electricurnace! . !"emical !omposition 6!# An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the manufacturer from test samples ta=en preferably during the pouring of the heat! The percentages of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, copper, nic=el, chromium, molyb*denum, and anadium shall be determined! 6!- The chemical composition as shown by heat analysis shall be limited by the following/ )*e+ent +a,, - Carbon 0(.0 Manganese 1(%0 Phosphor/s 0(0.% S/*0/r 0(0!% Si*icon 0(%0 6!5 >hoice and use of alloying elements, combined with carbon, phosphorus, and sulfur to gie the mechanical proper*ties prescribed in Table - and Table 5, shall be made by the manufacturer! &lements commonly used include manganese, silicon, copper, nic=el, chromium, molybdenum, anadium, columbium, titanium, and ,irconium! 6!1 The heat analysis shall be such as to proide a carbon e+uialent 8>!&!" not exceeding 0!(( H as calculated by the following formula/ >!&! 5 H> 1 HMn 6 1 H>u 10 1 H$i -0 1 H>r #0 2 HMo (0 2 HD #0 8#" &A#L' 1 Defor!ed #ar Designation ()!*ers+ (o!inal ,eig-ts .Masses/+ (o!inal Di!ensions+ and Defor!ation %e0)ire!ents Bar Designation 1o( A 1o+ina* Weight, *b20t 31o+ina* Mass, kg2+4 1o+ina* Di+ensions B De0or+ation 5e6/ire+ents, in( 3++4 Dia+eter, in( 3++4 Cross$Sectiona* Area in(" 3++ " 4 Peri+eter, in( 3++4 Ma,i+/+ Average Spacing Mini+/+ Average Height Ma,i+/+ 7ap 8Chor' o0 1"(% - o0 1o+ina* Peri+eter9 . 3104:0(.;< 3 0(%<04:0(.;% 3 (%4:0(11 3 ;14:1(1;# 3 "(4:0("<" 3 <(;4:0(01% 30(.#4:0(1!. 3:.(<4 ! 31.4:0(<<# 3 0(!4:0(%00 31"(;4:0("0 3 1"4:1(%;1 3 .(4:0(.%0 3 #(4:0(0"0 30(%14:0(11 3:!(4 % 31<4:1(0!. 3 1(%%"4:0(<"% 31%(4:0(.1 3 14:1(<. 3 !(4:0(!.; 311(14:0(0"# 30(;14:0(". 3 <(14 < 314:1(%0" 3:"(".%4:0(;%0 31(14:0(!! 3 "#!4:"(.%< 3 %(#4:0(%"% 31.(.4:0(0.# 30(;4:0("#< 3 ;(.4 ; 3""4:"(0!! 3:.(0!"4:0(#;% 3""("4:0(<0 3 .#;4:"(;! 3 <(#4:0(<1" 31%(%4:0(0!! 31(1"4:0(..! 3 #(%4 # 3"%4:"(<;0 3:.(;.4:1(000 3"%(!4:0(; 3 %104:.(1!" 3 ;(#4:0(;00 31;(#4:0(0%0 31(";4:0(.#. 3 (;4 3"4:.(!00 3:%(0<04:1(1"# 3"#(;4:1(00 3 <!%4:.(%!! 3 0(04:0(;0 3"0(14:0(0%< 31(!"4:0(!.1 310(4 10 3."4:!(.0. 3 <(!0!4:1(";0 3."(.4:1("; 3 #14:.(0 3101(.4:0(## 3""(<4:0(0<! 31(<.4:0(!#; 31"(!4 11 3.<4:%(.1. 3 ;(0;4:1(!10 3.%(#4:1(%< 3100<4:!(!.0 311"(%4:0(#; 3"%(14:0(0;1 31(#04:0(%!0 31.(;4 1! 3!.4:;(<% 311(.#4:1(<. 3!.(04:"("% 31!%"4:%(." 31.%(14:1(1#% 3.0(14:0(0#% 3"(1<4:0(<!# 31<(%4 1# 3%;4:1.(<0 3"0("!4:"("%; 3%;(.4:!(00 3"%#14 ;(0 31#0(14:1(%# 3!0(14:0(10" 3"(%4:0(#<! 3"1(4 A Bar n/+bers are base' on the n/+ber o0 eighths o0 an inch inc*/'e' in the no+ina* 'ia+eter o0 the bars 3bar n/+bers appro,i+ate the n/+ber o0 +i**i+etres o0 the no+ina* 'ia+eter o0 the bar4( B The no+ina* 'i+ensions o0 a 'e0or+e' bar are e6/iva*ent to those o0 a p*ain ro/n' bar having the sa+e =eight 3+ass4 per 0oot 3+etre4 as the 'e0or+e' bar( &A#L' 1 &ensile %e0)ire!ents Tensi*e strength, +in, psi 3MPa4 #0 000 3%%04 A >ie*' strength, +in, psi 3MPa4 <0 000 3!"04 >ie*' strength, +a,, psi 3MPa4 ;# 000 3%!04 )*ongation in # in( 3"0.(" ++4, +in, - Bar 1os( ., !, %, < 310, 1., 1<, 14 1! ;, #, , 10, 11 3"", "%, ", .", .<4 1" 1!, 1# 3!., %;4 10 A Tensi*e strength sha** not be *ess than 1("% ti+es the act/a* yie*' strength( &A#L' 2 #end &est %e0)ire!ents Bar Designation 1o( Pin Dia+eter 0or 1#0? Ben' Tests ., !, % 310, 1., 1<4 . ' A <, ;, # 31, "", "%4 ! ' , 10, 11 3", .", .<4 < ' 1!, 1# 3!., %;4 # ' A d5 no+ina* 'ia+eter o0 speci+en( A 706/A 706M - 6!( Product $Chec"% &erification Analysis'An analysis may be made by the purchaser from finished bars representing each heat of steel! The percentages thus determined shall not exceed the following/ )*e+ent +a,, - Carbon Manganese 0(.. - 1(%< - Phosphor/s 0(0!. - S/*0/r 0(0%. - Si*icon 0(%% - #. Re$uirements for Deformations 7!# <eformations shall be spaced along the bar at substantially uniform distances! The deformations on opposite sides of the bar shall be similar in si,e, shape, and pattern! 7!- The deformations shall be placed with respect to the axis of the bar so that the included angle is not less than 1(I! 9here the line of deformations forms an included angle with the axis of the bar from 1( to 70I, inclusie, the deformations shall reerse alternately in direction on each side, or those on one side shall be reersed in direction from those on the opposite side! 9here the line of deformation is oer 70I, a reersal in direction shall not be re+uired! 7!5 The aerage spacing or distance between deformations on each side of the bar shall not exceed 7 /#0 of the nominal diameter of the bar! 7!1 The oerall length of deformations shall be such that the gap between the ends of the deformations on opposite sides of the bar shall not exceed #-!( H of the nominal perimeter of the bar! 9here the ends terminate in a longitudinal rib, the width of the longitudinal rib shall be considered the gap! 9here more than two longitudinal ribs are inoled, the total width of all longitudinal ribs shall not exceed -( H of the nominal perimeter of the bar! 7urthermore, the summation of gaps shall not exceed -( H of the nominal perimeter of the bar! The nominal perimeter of the bar shall be 5!#1 times the nominal diameter! 7!( The spacing, height, and gap of deformations shall conform to the re+uirements prescribed in Table #! %. Measurements of Deformations 6!# The aerage spacing of deformations shall be deter*mined by diiding a measured length of the bar specimen by the number of indiidual deformations and fractional parts of deformations on any one side of the bar specimens! Ameasured length of the bar specimen shall be considered the distance from a point on a deformation to a corresponding point on any other deformation on the same side of the bar! :pacing measurements shall not be made oer a bar area containing bar mar=ing symbols inoling letters or numbers! 6!- The aerage height of deformations shall be determined from measurements made on not less than two typical deformations! <eterminations shall be based on three measurements per deformation, one at the center of the oerall length and the other two at the +uarter points of the oerall length! 6!5 ;nsufficient height, insufficient circumferential coer*age, or excessie spacing of deformations shall not constitute cause for reBection unless it has been clearly established by determinations on each lot 8see $ote -" tested that typical deformation height, gap, or spacing do not conform to the minimum re+uirements prescribed in :ection 7! $o reBection shall be made on the basis of measurements if fewer than ten adBacent deformations on each side of the bar are measured! $%T& -'As used within the intent of 6!5, the term lot shall mean all the bars of one bar si,e and pattern of deformations contained in an indiidual shipping release or shipping order! &. Mec"anical Re$uirements )!# Tensile Properties/ )!#!# The material, as represented by the test specimens, shall conform to the re+uirements for tensile properties pre* scribed in Table -! The yield strength or yield point shall be determined by one of the following methods/ )!#!#!# &xtension under load using an autographic diagram method or an extensometer as described in Test Methods and <efinitions A 570! Joweer, the extension under load shall be 0!005( in!/in! 00!005( mm/mm3 80!5( H"! 9hen material is furnished in coils, the test sample shall be straightened prior to placing it in the Baws of the tensile machine 8see $ote 5"! :traightening shall be done carefully to aoid the formation of local sharp bends and to minimi,e cold wor=! ;nsufficient straightening prior to attaching the extensometer can result in lower*than*actual yield strength readings! )!#!#!- .y the drop of the beam or halt in the gage of the testing machine, where the steel tested has a sharp*=need or well*defined type of yield point! )!#!- The percentage of elongation shall be as prescribed in Table -! $%T& 5':traightening should be done carefully to aoid the formation of local sharp bends and to minimi,e cold wor=! ;nsufficient straightening prior to attaching the extensometer can result in lower*than*actual yield strength readings! )!- !ending Properties/ )!-!# The bend test specimen shall withstand being bent around a pin without crac=ing on the outside radius of the bent portion! The re+uirements for degree of bending and si,es of pins are prescribed in Tables 1 and (! 9hen material is furnished in coils, the test sample shall be straightened prior to placing it in the bend tester! )!-!- The bend test shall be made on specimens of sufficient length to ensure free bending and with apparatus that proides/ )!-!-!# >ontinuous and uniform application of force throughout the duration of the bending operation, )!-!-!- Anrestricted moement of the specimen at points of contact with the apparatus and bending around a pin free to rotate, )!-!-!5 >lose wrapping of the specimen around the pin during the bending operation! )!5 Test Specimens/ )!5!# The tension test specimens shall be the full section of the bar as rolled! The unit stress determination shall be based on the nominal bar area! )!5!- The bend test specimens shall be the full section of the bar as rolled! 1'. (ermissi)le *ariation in +eig"t ,Mass- #0!# <eformed reinforcing bars shall be ealuated on the basis of nominal weight 0mass3! The permissible ariation shall not exceed 6 H under nominal weight 0mass3! ;n no case shall oerweight 0excess mass3 of any deformed bar be cause for reBection! 9eight 0mass3 ariation for plain rounds shall be computed on the basis of permissible ariation in diameter! 7or plain round bars smaller than 5 /6 in! 0)!( mm3, use :pecification A (#0 0:pecification A (#0M3! 7or larger bars up to and including - in! 0(0 mm3, use :pecification A 6/A 6M! #0!- The specified limit of ariation shall be ealuated in accordance with 2ractice & -) 8rounding method"! 11. .inis" ##!# The bars shall be free of detrimental surface imperfections! ##!- ?ust, seams, surface irregularities, or mill scale shall not be cause for reBection, proided the weight, dimensions, cross*sectional area, and tensile properties of a hand wire brushed test specimen are not less than the re+uirements of this specification! ##!5 :urface imperfections other than those specified in ##!- shall be considered detrimental when specimens containing such imperfections fail to conform to either tensile or bending re+uirements! 12. /um)er of Tests and Retests #-!# All mechanical tests shall be conducted in accordance with Test Methods and <efinitions A 570 including Annex A)! #-!- 'umber of Tests' %ne tension test and one bend test shall be made of each bar si,e rolled from a heat! #-!5 (etests/ #-!5!# ;f any tensile property of any tension test specimen is less than that specified, and any part of the fracture is outside the middle third of the gage length, as indicated by scribe scratches mar=ed on the specimen before testing, a retest shall be allowed! #-!5!- ;f the results of an original tension specimen fail to meet the specified minimum re+uirements and are within -000 psi 0#1 M2a3 of the re+uired tensile strength, within #000 psi 07 M2a3 of the re+uired yield point, or within two percentage units of the re+uired elongation, a retest shall be permitted on two random specimens for each original tension specimen failure from the lot! .oth retest specimens shall meet the re+uirements of this specification! #-!5!5 ;f a bend test fails for reasons other than mechanical reasons or flaws in the specimen as described in #-!5!# and #-!5!-, a retest shall be permitted on two random specimens from the same lot! .oth retest specimens shall meet the re+uirements of this specification! The retest shall be per*formed on test specimens that are at air temperature but not less than 60I7 0#6I>3! #-!5!1 ;f a weight 0mass3 test fails for reasons other than flaws in the specimen as described in #-!5!-, a retest shall be permitted on two random specimens from the same lot! .oth retest specimens shall meet the re+uirements of this specifica*tion! 13. Test Reports #5!# ?eport the following information on a per heat basis! Additional items may be reported as re+uested or desired! #5!#!# >hemical analysis including carbon, manganese, phosphorous, sulfur, silicon, copper, nic=el, chromium, molyb*denum, and anadium! #5!#!- >arbon e+uialent in accordance with 6!1! #5!#!5 Tensile properties! #5!#!1 .end test! 14. Inspection #1!# The inspector representing the purchaser shall hae free entry, at all times while wor= on the contract of the purchaser is being performed, to all parts of the manufacturerKs wor=s that concern the manufacture of the material ordered! The manufacturer shall afford the inspector all reasonable facilities to satisfy the inspector that the material is being furnished in accordance with this specification! All tests 8except product 8chec=" analysis" and inspection shall be made at the place of manufacture prior to shipment, unless otherwise specified, and shall be so conducted so as not to interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the wor=s! #1!- <eformed reinforcing bars shall be ealuated on the basis of nominal weight 0mass3! The permissible ariation shall not exceed 6 H under nominal weight 0mass3! ;n no case shall oerweight of any deformed bar be cause for reBection! 9eight ariation for plain rounds shall be computed on the basis of permissible ariation in diameter! 7or plain round bars smaller than 5 /6 in! 0)!( mm3 use :pecification A (#0/A (#0M! 7or larger bars up to and including - in! 0(0 mm3 use :pecification A 6/A 6M! 15. Re0ection #(!# Anless otherwise specified, any reBection based on tests made in accordance with 6!( shall be reported to the manufac*turer within fie wor=ing days from the receipt of samples by the purchaser! 1. Mar1ing #6!# 9hen loaded for mill shipment, bars shall be properly separated and tagged with the manufacturerKs heat or test identification number! #6!- &ach manufacturer shall identify the symbols of his mar=ing system! #6!5 All bars produced to this specification, except plain round bars, shall be identified by a distinguishing set of mar=s legibly rolled onto the surface of one side of the bar to denote in the following order/ #6!5!# Point of )rigin'@etter or symbol established as the manufacturerKs mill designation! #6!5!- Si*e Designation' Arabic number corresponding to bar designation number of Table #! #6!5!5 Type of Steel' @etter W indicating that the bar was produced to this specification, or letters W and S indicating that the bar was produced to meet both :pecifications A 6#(/ A 6#(M and A 706/A 706M! #6!5!1 Minimum +ield Designation'The mar=ing shall be either the number 60 013 or a single continuous longitudinal line through at least fie spaces offset from the center of the bar side! #6!5!( ;t shall be permissible to substitute a metric si,e bar of 4rade 1-0 for the corresponding inch*pound si,e bar of 4rade 60! 1#. (ac1aging #7!# 9hen specified in the purchase order, pac=aging shall A 706/A 706M 1 be in accordance with 2ractices A 700! #7!- ,or Government Procurement )nly'9hen specified in the contract or order, and for direct procurement by or direct shipment to the Anited :tates, material shall be presered, pac=aged, and pac=ed in accordance with the re+uirements of M;@*:T<*#65! The applicable leels shall be specified in the contract! Mar=ing for shipment of such material shall be in accordance with 7ed! :td! $o! #-5 for ciil agencies and M;@*:T<*#-) for military agencies! 1%. 2ey3ords #6!# alloy steel; concrete reinforcement; deformations 8pro*trusions"; steel bars The A+erican Society 0or Testing an' Materia*s takes no position respecting the va*i'ity o0 any patent rights asserte' in connection =ith any ite+ +entione' in this stan'ar'( &sers o0 this stan'ar' are e,press*y a'vise' that 'eter+ination o0 the va*i'ity o0 any s/ch patent rights, an' the risk o0 in0ringe+ent o0 s/ch rights, are entire*y their o=n responsibi*ity( This stan'ar' is s/b@ect to revision at any ti+e by the responsib*e technica* co++ittee an' +/st be revie=e' every 0ive years an' i0 not revise', either reapprove' or =ith'ra=n( >o/r co++ents are invite' either 0or revision o0 this stan'ar' or 0or a''itiona* stan'ar's an' sho/*' be a''resse' to ASTM Hea'6/arters( >o/r co++ents =i** receive care0/* consi'eration at a +eeting o0 the responsib*e technica* co++ittee, =hich yo/ +ay atten'( A0 yo/ 0ee* that yo/r co++ents have not receive' a 0air hearing yo/ sho/*' +ake yo/r vie=s kno=n to the ASTM Co++ittee on Stan'ar's, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 1!"#( This stan'ar' is copyrighte' by ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 1!"#$"%, &nite' States( An'ivi'/a* reprints 8sing*e or +/*tip*e copies9 o0 this stan'ar' +ay be obtaine' by contacting ASTM at the above a''ress or at <10$#."$%#% 8phone9, <10$#."$%%% 80a,9, or serviceBast+(org 8e$+ai*9: or thro/gh the ASTM =ebsite 8httpC22===(ast+(org9( A 706/A 706M (