New Criterion for Lunar Crescent Visibility

Mohammad Sh. Odeh

Islamic Crescents' Observation Project (ICOP)
ABSTRACT
A new criterion for lunar crescent visibility has been established using 737 observations, almost
half of them obtained by the Islamic Crescent Observation Project (ICOP). This criterion is
based on two variables, viz. the topocentric arc of vision and the topocentric crescent width. The
new model is able to predict the visibility of the lunar crescent both for naked eye and optically
aided observations. From the database we found a Danjon limit of 6.4 degrees.
1 INTRODUCTION
The lunar crescent visibility has been studied by many astronomers since the Babylonian era,
with as a result currently more than 12 different criteria for lunar crescent visibility, based on a
number of sightings in different lunar conditions. Many of these criteria were developed by
Islamic astronomers, since a number of Islamic religious events are directly related to lunar
crescent sighting. For example, the new Lunar (Hijric) month begins on the next day of sighting
the new crescent at west after sunset.
2 LUNAR CRECSENT VISIBILITY CRITERIA
2.1 Babylonian Criteria: The Babylonian deduced that the lunar crescent is visible by naked eyes
if the two following conditions are satisfied at local sunset:
1- Age of the Moon is larger than 24 hours.
2- Lag time of the Moon (The interval time between sunset and moonset) is larger than 48
minutes.
2.2 Muslim Astronomers: Many Muslim astronomers had developed their own criteria or had
studied and discussed the issue of the lunar crescent visibility in their literatures. Such as: Ibn
Tariq, Habash, Al-Khwarzmi, Al-Khazin, Al-Tabari, Al-Fahhad, Al-Farghani, Thabet Bin
Qurrah, Al-Battani, Ibn Maimon, Al-Biruni, Al-Sufi, Ibn Sina, At-Tusi and Al-Kashani (Ilyas
1994; Doggett & Schaefer 1994). For example, Ibn Tariqs criterion depends on the Moons
altitude at sunset and the Moons lag time. In our modern time, Mohammad Ilyas developed
several criteria for crescent visibility.
2.3 Recent and Modern Criteria: At the beginning of the 19th century, Fotheringham and
Maunder developed criteria for lunar crescent visibility, and in 1977 Bruin got his own criterion.
Recently, Schaefer discussed the issue of the lunar crescent visibility extensively, and he
included the atmospheric conditions in his work. Schaefer developed a criterion based on 295
observation records he obtained from several resources (Schaefer 1988, 1996; Doggett &

Schaefer 1994). Yallop (1997) used the same database which Schaefer established, but he made a
comprehensive revision and corrections for some of the records. South African Astronomical
Observatory (SAAO) developed a criterion based on Schaefers database in addition to some
other observation records from different resources (Caldwell & Laney 2001).
3 ISLAMIC CRESCENT OBSERVATION PROJECT (ICOP)
The Islamic Crescent Observation Project (ICOP) was established in 1998 as a global project
organized by the Arab Union for Astronomy and Space Sciences (AUASS) and the Jordanian
Astronomical Society (JAS). Its primary aim as the only project of its kind is to gather
information about the crescent observations at the start of each lunar month in different countries
and regions through out the world.
At the beginning of each lunar month, ICOP members send their results of observations to the
coordinator of ICOP, and these results are being published immediately on the Internet at ICOPs
home page at http://www.icoproject.org. After seven years of extensive work for ICOP members,
we were able to obtain a new large database for young lunar crescent observations. This database
in addition to the old database were used to develop a new criterion to predict the visibility of the
young lunar crescent, either by naked eyes or by optical aid.
4 VISIBILITY CRITERIA VARIABLES
Below is a list of the most frequent observing parameters which have been used to predict the
visibility of the lunar crescent. The three most basic parameters are shown in (Fig. 1):

Moons age (Age): The interval time between conjunction and the time of observation.
Moons lag time (Lag): The interval time between sunset and moonset or moonrise and
sunrise.
Moons altitude: The angular distance of the Moon above the horizon.
Arc of light (ARCL): The angular separation (elongation) between the Sun and the Moon.
Arc of vision (ARCV): The angular difference in altitude between the Sun and the Moon.
Relative azimuth (DAZ): The angular difference in azimuth between the Sun and the
Moon.
Crescent width (W): The width of the lit area of the Moon measured along the Moons
diameter.

The visibility of lunar crescent cannot be predicted reliably using only one of the above
parameters. In particular, using Age or Lag only, as quite frequently done, has no predicting
value at all, as shown clearly by (Schaefer 1996).
At least two parameters should be used together in order to obtain accurate results, one related to
the intrinsic brightness of the crescent, the other to its distance to horizon (itself closely related to
atmospheric extinction).

Moon

ARCL
ARCV
Horizon
DAZ

Sun

Fig. 1: Basic geometric variables for crescent visibility prediction

Contrary to a rather common assumption, the Moon's age is very poorly related to its intrinsic
brightness. For example, a 10 hours Moon located on the ecliptic would have nearly the same
brightness than a 0 hour Moon 5 degrees away from the ecliptic. A significantly better parameter
for our purpose is the ARCL, since the width of the lunar crescent increases with the Moon's
elongation from the Sun. It is not perfect however, since for the same ARCL, the width of the
crescent is maximum when the Moon is at perigee and minimum at apogee. The best parameter
for incorporating the Moon intrinsic brightness is thus directly the width (W) of the crescent.
Regarding the second parameter, ARCV gives directly the angular distance of the Moon above
the horizon and should be used in conjunction with W.
Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3, show the criteria of Maunder, Indian and Bruin respectively. (Yallop
1997).

DAZ
ARCV

0
110

5
10
15
105
95
80
Table 1: Maunder criterion

20
60

DAZ
ARCV

0
104

5
10
15
100
93
80
Table 2: Indian criterion

20
62

0'5
0'7
1'
84
75
64
Table 3: Bruin criterion

2'
47

W
ARCV

0'3
100

3'
43

Table 4 shows the SAAO criterion, where DALT is the apparent altitude, in degrees above the
horizon, of the lower edge of the moon at sunset. If the crescent is below DALT2, naked-eye
visibility will be improbable. Visibility with optical aid may be possible, but increasingly

unlikely approaching DALT1. Below DALT1, visibility is impossible even with optical aid.
(Caldwell & Laney 2001).
DAZ

DALT1
DALT2

0
6.3
8.2

5
10
15
5.9
4.9
3.8
7.8
6.8
5.7
Table 4: SAAO Criterion

20
2.6
4.5

5 NEW LUNAR CRESCENT CRITERION

Ive combined all the available lunar crescent observations into one large database, consisting of
the following records:

294 records from Schaefer list (Schaefer 1988, 1996; Doggett & Schaefer 1994).
6 records from Jim Stamm list (Private Communication).
42 records from SAAO list (Caldwell & Laney 2001).
15 records from Mohsen Mirsaeed list (Private Communication).
57 records from Alireza Mehrani list (Private Communication).
323 records from ICOP.

So the new criterion is based on 737 records, and the visibility prediction is done adopting the
following two variables:

Airless Topocentric ARCV.

Topocentric crescent width W.

The 737 records are listed in Table 6, and the calculations were done using the software Accurate
Times found at (http://www.icoproject.org/accut.html). All the calculations were done at best
time of observation, which can be approximated by the following equation (Yallop 1997):
Tb = Ts + (4/9) Lag

(5.1)

Where:
Tb: Best Time
Ts: Sunset time
Lag: Moons lag time
The new criterion is shown in Table 5.
0.1'
0.2'
ARCV1 5.6
5.0
ARCV2 8.5
7.9
ARCV3 12.2 11.6
W

Where:

0.3'
0.4'
0.5'
0.6'
4.4
3.8
3.2
2.7
7.3
6.7
6.2
5.6
11.0 10.4 9.8
9.3
Table 5: New criteria

0.7'
2.1
5.1
8.7

0.8'
1.6
4.5
8.2

0.9'
1.0
4.0
7.6

Zone A (ARCV ARCV3): Crescent is visible by naked eyes.

Zone B (ARCV ARCV2): Crescent is visible by optical aid, and it could be seen by
naked eyes.
Zone C (ARCV ARCV1): Crescent is visible by optical aid only.
Zone D (ARCV < ARCV1): Crescent is not visible even by optical aid.
Notice that ARCV1, ARCV2 and ARCV3 are airless and topocentric, thus the calculated
ARCV must be the same as well.
The visibility at the beginning of each zone highly depends on the atmospheric
conditions, acuity of vision, experience of the observer and looking at the location of the
crescent. That means you might not expect to see the crescent even by optical aid if your
ARCV is just at the beginning of Zone C if the atmospheric conditions are hazy or
unfavorable.

Predicting the visibility of the lunar crescent by this new criterion can be also calculated using
the following equation:
V = ARCV - (-0.1018 W3 + 0.7319 W2 - 6.3226 W + 7.1651)

(5.2)

Where:
ARCV:
W:
V 5.65
2 V < 5.65
-0.96 V < 2
V < -0.96

Airless and topocentric arc of vision in degrees.

Topocentric crescent width in arc minutes.
Zone A.
Zone B.
Zone C.
Zone D.

6 LUNAR CRESCENT OBSERVATIONS DATABASE

Table 6 below lists the 737 records, where Columns numbered 1 to 19 have the following
meaning:

Record number, sorted chronologically.

Reference source, where: A (Schaefer list), B (Stamm list), C (SAAO list), D (Mirsaeed list), F
(Mehrani list) and I (ICOP).

Morning (M) or evening (E) observation.

Local date of observation, in the form dd-mm-yyyy.

5 Name of the observer.
6 East longitude of the location of observation.
7 Latitude of the location of observation.
8 Elevation of the location of observation in meters.
9 Visibility by naked eye; Invisible (I), visible (V) or blank if not tried.
10 Visibility by binocular; Invisible (I), visible (V) or blank if not tried.
11 Visibility by telescope; Invisible (I), visible (V) or blank if not tried.
12 Julian date at the time of calculations (Best Time).
13 Topocentric age of the Moon (Age) in hours at Best Time.
4

14
15
18
19

Lag time of the Moon (Lag) in minutes.

16 17 Topocentric arc of vision (ARCV), topocentric relative azimuth (DAZ) and topocentric
arc of light (ARCL), all in degrees at Best Time and are not corrected for refraction.
Topocentric crescent width (W) in arc seconds at Best Time.
Visibility prediction value (V) described in section 5.

Table 6: Lunar crescent observation records (Group D)

No.
1

R
2

E
3

Date
4

514
565
730
481
345
189
582
620
498
699
499
721
700
500
566
247
731
255
567
626
659
246
482
664
724
627
221
106
041
687
368
190
654
444
518
519
520
501
383
701
678
515
003
268
571
521

I
I
I
I
I
A
F
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
A
I
A
I
I
I
A
I
I
I
I
A
A
A
I
I
A
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
A
A
F
I

E
E
E
E
E
E
M
E
E
E
E
M
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
M
E
E
E
E
M
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
M
E

12-02-2002
04-12-2002
10-01-2005
17-09-2001
16-02-1999
03-01-1984
02-03-2003
25-10-2003
15-11-2001
14-10-2004
15-11-2001
11-12-2004
14-10-2004
15-11-2001
04-12-2002
26-06-1987
10-01-2005
23-09-1987
04-12-2002
24-11-2003
19-05-2004
25-06-1987
17-09-2001
18-06-2004
12-12-2004
24-11-2003
27-04-1987
27-04-1922
18-06-1871
14-09-2004
13-07-1999
03-01-1984
19-04-2004
23-02-2001
14-03-2002
14-03-2002
14-03-2002
15-11-2001
08-12-1999
14-10-2004
16-08-2004
12-02-2002
23-01-1860
03-06-1989
02-01-2003
14-03-2002

Observer
5
Sehbajraktarevic
Odeh
Sani
Fahmy
Katbeh
McPartian
Mehrani
Khan
Chalermthai
Al-Muhammad
Salie
Stamm
Hadi
JAS
Dukku
Schaefer
Hafiz
Stamm
Lukuman
Pazhouhesh
Khushaish
Schaefer
Al-Muhammad
Ebrahim
Kacem
Janghorban
Stamm
MacKenzie
Schmidt
Stamm
Saab
Stamm
Stamm
Salie
Al-Muhammad
Mayoof
Odeh
Dukku
Caldwell
Khan
Ebrahim
Ebrahim
Schmidt
Krisciunas
Mehrani
Salih

Long
6

Lat
7

Ele
8

N
9

018.4
035.8
007.6
073.3
044.4
035.6
051.7
-123.1
054.3
050.0
018.4
-110.7
035.5
035.8
009.8
-071.0
-080.3
-084.1
003.4
059.2
048.0
-071.0
050.0
018.4
003.7
051.7
-084.1
018.5
023.7
-110.8
046.5
-084.1
-111.0
018.4
050.0
050.5
035.5
009.8
018.4
-123.1
018.4
018.4
023.7
-155.5
051.9
073.3

43.9
30.9
11.2
04.1
33.3
15.6
32.6
44.6
24.3
26.6
-33.9
32.4
30.4
31.9
10.3
-30.1
26.0
37.2
06.5
32.9
29.4
-30.1
26.6
-33.9
32.5
32.6
37.2
-33.9
38.0
32.4
24.6
37.2
32.4
-33.9
26.6
26.2
30.4
10.3
-33.9
44.6
-33.9
-33.9
38.0
19.8
32.8
04.1

630
3800
686
3
40
335
1800
60
13
10
200
2256
1735
939
600
2774
1
305
35
1468
30
2774
10
200
550
1500
305
30
122
2750
620
305
842
200
10
4
1735
600
350
60
200
200
122
4255
1500
1

I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I

B
10
I

I
I

I
I
I

I
I
I
I
I
I
I

I
I
I
I

I
I
I

I
I

I
I
I

I
I
I
I
I

T
11

JD
12
2452318.180
2452613.118
2453381.230
2452170.049
2451226.122
2445703.145
2452700.618
2452938.557
2452229.073
2453293.097
2452229.235
2453351.082
2453293.140
2452229.119
2452613.215
2446973.424
2453381.456
2447062.488
2452613.235
2452968.051
2453145.158
2446971.974
2452170.119
2453175.164
2453352.204
2452968.073
2446912.940
2423172.182
2404597.253
2453263.575
2451373.166
2445703.448
2453115.592
2451964.238
2452348.124
2452348.122
2452348.168
2452229.214
2451521.252
2453293.570
2453234.189
2452318.248
2400433.162
2447681.723
2452641.636
2452348.062

Age

13

Lag

9.3
8.5
4.9
1.2
9.0
12.0
-22.7
13.8
8.4
13.2
12.2
-12.8
14.1
9.8
11.3
16.8
12.3
20.3
11.8
15.1
12.4
-18.0
3.9
18.8
15.9
15.5
-16.4
13.0
16.6
13.2
15.1
17.4
13.9
11.1
14.0
14.0
14.8
12.3
19.4
22.2
15.7
12.1
16.0
10.8
-17.2
13.2

14
4
9
9
11
16
15
8
18
17
16
19
18
16
20
18
18
18
17
19
20
23
19
20
21
20
21
23
23
27
22
21
25
24
25
21
21
23
23
26
22
26
28
31
27
27
23

ARCV
15

0.7
1.7
2.0
2.7
3.1
3.3
1.6
3.0
3.6
3.4
3.5
3.2
3.5
3.9
3.9
3.3
3.6
3.3
4.3
3.7
4.5
3.6
4.5
3.6
3.5
3.9
4.3
4.6
4.5
4.7
4.4
4.3
4.9
5.0
4.7
4.7
4.8
5.2
4.7
3.8
5.0
5.5
5.4
5.4
4.9
5.6

DAZ

16
5.7
3.1
5.1
3.7
1.9
3.5
12.2
6.2
0.4
4.4
4.5
6.3
5.1
1.4
2.4
8.0
6.8
9.0
2.1
7.3
0.2
8.6
1.2
8.7
9.1
7.5
5.6
2.6
4.6
3.1
5.7
7.1
1.9
1.3
5.3
5.2
5.7
0.0
7.6
11.4
6.2
1.3
3.2
3.0
7.4
3.0

ARCL
17

5.8
3.6
5.5
4.6
3.6
4.9
12.3
6.9
3.7
5.6
5.7
7.1
6.2
4.2
4.6
8.7
7.7
9.6
4.8
8.1
4.5
9.3
4.6
9.4
9.7
8.4
7.0
5.3
6.4
5.6
7.2
8.3
5.2
5.1
7.0
7.0
7.4
5.2
8.9
12.0
7.9
5.6
6.3
6.2
8.9
6.4

18
5
2
5
3
2
3
21
7
2
5
5
8
6
3
3
10
9
13
3
10
3
12
3
12
14
11
7
4
6
5
8
9
4
4
7
7
7
4
11
21
9
4
5
6
12
5

19

-5.96
-5.25
-4.63
-4.12
-3.87
-3.49
-3.45
-3.44
-3.32
-3.26
-3.16
-3.15
-3.13
-2.98
-2.93
-2.79
-2.64
-2.53
-2.47
-2.46
-2.41
-2.39
-2.34
-2.31
-2.23
-2.14
-2.13
-2.13
-2.09
-2.02
-2.00
-1.93
-1.91
-1.84
-1.81
-1.79
-1.60
-1.59
-1.40
-1.27
-1.27
-1.24
-1.16
-1.13
-1.05
-0.97

Table 6: Lunar crescent observation records (Group C)

No.
1

R
2

E
3

Date
4

737
502
660
053
522
612
510
381
382
613
424
258
702
516
578
335
614
697
507
220
703
425
679
369
257
370
371
192
646
680
628
523
007
400
384
476
388
305
211
681
408
422
389
583
704
572

I
I
I
A
I
I
F
I
C
I
I
A
I
I
F
C
I
I
I
A
I
I
I
I
A
I
I
A
I
I
I
I
A
I
I
I
I
C
A
I
I
I
I
I
I
I

E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
M
E
E
E
E
E
M
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E

02-11-2005
15-11-2001
19-05-2004
20-12-1873
14-03-2002
26-09-2003
15-12-2001
08-11-1999
08-11-1999
26-09-2003
26-11-2000
15-05-1988
14-10-2004
12-02-2002
03-01-2003
28-03-1998
26-09-2003
13-10-2004
15-12-2001
31-12-1986
14-10-2004
26-11-2000
16-08-2004
13-07-1999
16-04-1988
13-07-1999
13-07-1999
02-02-1984
21-03-2004
16-08-2004
24-11-2003
14-03-2002
07-08-1861
06-03-2000
08-12-1999
19-08-2001
07-01-2000
02-03-1995
23-11-1984
16-08-2004
04-05-2000
27-10-2000
07-01-2000
03-03-2003
14-10-2004
03-01-2003

Observer
5
Stamm
Siddiqui
Kacem
Schmidt
Kacem
Al-Muhammad
Mehrani
Odeh
Odeh
Mehrani
Stamm
Lukuman
Stamm
Mehrani
Ebrahim
Stamm
Tirhi
Schaefer
Ebrahim
Murad
Marzani
Salie
Stamm
Caldwell
Farooq
McPartlan
Ebrahim
Amirzadeh
Singer
Touma
Schmidt
Farooq
Essa
Rahkooi
Sarker
McPartlan
Al-Muhammad
Caldwell
Muttardy
Salie
Ebrahim
Alsup
Al-Muhammad

Long
6

Lat
7

Ele
8

-111.1
-074.0
003.7
023.7
003.7
050.0
051.7
035.9
034.7
035.5
051.7
-084.1
003.4
-111.0
051.9
018.4
018.4
-110.7
035.2
-077.0
018.4
035.9
051.3
018.4
-084.1
018.4
-079.9
035.6
018.4
057.1
-117.5
-011.3
023.7
-079.9
039.7
048.2
090.4
018.4
035.6
050.0
018.4
-077.2
018.4
018.4
-118.2
049.8

32.2
41.1
32.5
38.0
32.5
26.6
32.6
32.0
31.8
30.4
32.6
37.2
06.5
32.4
32.0
-33.9
-33.9
32.4
31.8
39.0
-33.9
32.0
35.7
-33.9
37.2
-33.9
43.3
15.6
-33.9
30.2
47.6
27.7
38.0
43.3
-04.0
38.6
23.7
-33.9
15.6
26.6
-33.9
38.8
-33.9
-33.9
34.1
26.6

963
60
550
122
550
10
1500
984
60
1646
1500
305
35
843
1500
350
200
2210
760
30
200
940
1100
200
305
350
88
335
200
1820
650
7000
122
88
0
1600
13
350
335
30
350
100
200
200
94
10

N
9

B
10

T
11
V

I
I
I
I
I
I

I
I
I
I

I
I
I
I

I
I
I
I
I

I
I

I
V
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I

I
I

I
I
I
I
I

I
I
I
I
I

I
I

I
I

I
I

I
I
I
I
I
I
V
I
I
I

I
I
I
I

JD
12
2453677.533
2452229.412
2453145.290
2405513.141
2452348.256
2452909.115
2452259.076
2451491.125
2451491.126
2452909.159
2451875.076
2447296.923
2453293.239
2452318.560
2452643.084
2450901.211
2452909.209
2453292.044
2452259.123
2446796.424
2453293.220
2451875.120
2453234.156
2451373.176
2447268.522
2451373.176
2451373.553
2445733.161
2453086.217
2453234.135
2452968.517
2452348.305
2400995.236
2451610.481
2451521.150
2452141.167
2451550.988
2449779.233
2446028.139
2453234.147
2451669.182
2451845.439
2451551.263
2452702.235
2453293.565
2452643.095

Age

13

Lag

22.3
15.9
15.2
19.6
16.4
13.3
17.1
12.9
12.9
14.2
15.5
-13.7
15.9
17.6
17.6
15.1
14.6
-14.6
17.9
18.5
15.2
16.3
15.9
14.7
13.4
14.7
22.3
16.7
18.8
15.5
24.7
17.4
28.0
17.9
17.5
14.6
17.5
29.8
16.8
15.7
13.6
15.6
23.0
16.4
21.9
17.8

14
21
32
32
28
27
27
31
30
31
28
32
35
26
30
31
30
30
32
33
32
33
34
35
36
36
36
32
29
31
33
30
30
21
36
30
36
34
22
31
33
36
37
34
34
29
33

ARCV
15

4.1
5.4
5.8
4.5
5.5
5.9
5.7
6.1
6.1
6.0
6.2
6.1
6.2
6.0
5.7
6.0
6.1
6.5
6.2
5.0
6.5
6.5
6.6
6.6
6.7
6.6
5.1
6.5
6.3
6.7
4.1
6.5
4.0
6.3
6.8
6.6
6.9
4.5
6.7
7.0
6.9
6.9
6.3
7.0
5.8
6.5

DAZ

16
11.3
5.6
0.7
10.3
6.0
2.8
5.4
0.6
0.7
3.8
2.7
2.9
3.6
6.3
7.5
5.2
4.7
0.4
5.7
10.8
2.0
3.0
3.4
2.3
1.1
2.3
11.4
4.4
6.3
2.5
14.4
5.5
15.3
7.1
3.4
4.7
1.5
14.5
5.2
2.0
2.5
3.9
8.3
3.4
10.3
6.9

ARCL
17

12.0
7.7
5.9
11.2
8.2
6.5
7.8
6.2
6.2
7.1
6.7
6.8
7.2
8.7
9.4
8.0
7.7
6.5
8.4
11.9
6.8
7.2
7.4
7.0
6.8
7.0
12.5
7.9
8.9
7.2
14.9
8.5
15.8
9.4
7.6
8.1
7.1
15.2
8.4
7.3
7.4
7.9
10.4
7.8
11.8
9.5

18
21
9
5
18
9
6
9
5
5
8
6
7
8
10
13
10
9
6
10
22
7
7
8
7
7
7
23
8
11
7
34
10
36
13
8
10
7
32
11
7
8
9
15
8
20
13

19

-0.96
-0.88
-0.83
-0.82
-0.72
-0.65
-0.60
-0.50
-0.49
-0.40
-0.36
-0.32
-0.16
-0.15
-0.13
-0.13
-0.12
0.00
0.02
0.07
0.09
0.10
0.20
0.21
0.22
0.22
0.23
0.25
0.27
0.31
0.32
0.39
0.41
0.42
0.43
0.47
0.49
0.57
0.58
0.58
0.60
0.60
0.61
0.67
0.67
0.68

No.
1

R
2

E
3

Date
4

647
705
426
020
538
477
390
682
549
216
480
648
296
706
683
551
707
552
385
386
720
207
427
299
308
649
428
557
650
590
318
455
558
310
340
559
374
274
275
276
528
638
391
311
429
725
101
726
589

I
I
I
A
I
B
I
I
D
A
F
I
A
I
I
F
I
I
I
I
F
A
I
C
D
I
I
D
I
D
D
I
I
A
I
I
C
A
A
A
F
I
I
A
I
I
A
I
F

E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
M
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
M
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E

21-03-2004
14-10-2004
26-11-2000
06-05-1864
11-06-2002
19-08-2001
07-01-2000
16-08-2004
07-09-2002
20-04-1985
19-08-2001
21-03-2004
02-04-1992
14-10-2004
16-08-2004
07-09-2002
14-10-2004
06-10-2002
08-12-1999
08-12-1999
13-11-2004
25-09-1984
26-11-2000
03-12-1994
22-12-1995
21-03-2004
26-11-2000
05-11-2002
21-03-2004
30-04-2003
07-05-1997
25-03-2001
05-11-2002
20-01-1996
19-12-1998
05-11-2002
10-09-1999
25-02-1990
25-02-1990
25-02-1990
13-04-2002
22-01-2004
07-01-2000
20-01-1996
26-12-2000
12-12-2004
31-10-1921
12-12-2004
02-04-2003

Observer
5
Khushaish
Khakoo
Essa
Schmidt
Odeh
Movahhed-Nezhad
Caldwell
Hadi
Mirsaeed
Stamm
Mehrani
Al-Muhammad
Krisciunas
Hafiz
Katbeh
Mehrani
Stamm
Stamm
Fathy
Khadraoui
Mehrani
McPartian
Kacem
Mirsaeed
Odeh
Touma
Mirsaeed
Katbeh
Mirsaeed
Mirsaeed
Salie
Mehrani
Stamm
Odeh
Mohammadi
Pierce
Bach
Golden
Mehrani
Mehrani
Mehrani
Schwaar
Mohammadi
Sani
MacKenzie
Dukku
Mehrani

Long
6

Lat
7

Ele
8

N
9

B
10

048.0
-118.0
039.7
026.2
035.8
056.8
020.8
035.9
056.5
-084.1
051.3
050.0
-155.5
-080.2
035.5
051.3
-111.1
-111.0
032.7
010.4
050.3
035.6
003.7
018.4
050.7
023.7
-006.8
056.2
035.5
051.4
050.8
018.4
052.1
-111.0
035.8
052.5
034.7
-083.5
-083.5
-083.5
051.7
051.7
052.3
-113.2
052.5
007.6
018.5
009.8
051.6

29.4
33.9
-04.0
39.6
31.9
29.5
-32.3
32.0
31.1
37.2
32.5
26.6
19.8
25.8
30.2
32.5
32.2
32.4
26.2
36.8
36.1
15.6
32.5
-33.9
36.1
38.0
34.0
29.9
30.4
35.7
36.0
-33.9
30.1
32.4
31.9
29.6
31.8
35.6
35.6
35.6
32.6
30.0
32.7
32.8
29.6
11.2
-33.9
10.3
32.6

30
19
0
122
939
2700
1800
940
1700
305
2400
10
4176
0
1680
2400
963
843
75
30
12700
335
550
350
1500
170
50
2300
1646
1100
1500
200
2200
853
939
1500
60
1524
1524
1524
1500
2500
1500
259
1500
686
30
600
1500

I
I
I
I

T
11

I
V
I
I

V
V

I
I
I
I
I
I

I
I
I

I
I
I

I
I
I
I
V
V
I

I
V
I
I
I
I
I
V
I
I
I
I

I
I
I
I
V
I
V
V

V
I
V

V
I
I
V
V
I

V
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I

I
I

V
V
V

JD
12
2453086.136
2453293.564
2451875.147
2401998.232
2452437.212
2452141.134
2451551.258
2453234.194
2452525.120
2446176.525
2452141.152
2453086.130
2448715.160
2453293.463
2453234.195
2452525.136
2453293.549
2452554.557
2451521.135
2451521.181
2453323.088
2445969.158
2451875.209
2449690.253
2450074.078
2453086.206
2451875.234
2452584.076
2453086.175
2452759.560
2450576.161
2451994.215
2452584.087
2450103.547
2451167.125
2452584.085
2451432.174
2447948.493
2447948.493
2447948.493
2452378.142
2453027.101
2451551.087
2450103.551
2451905.085
2453352.227
2422994.230
2453352.222
2452732.137

Age

13

Lag

16.8
21.9
16.9
17.5
17.9
14.0
22.8
16.6
13.4
18.8
14.4
16.7
-14.8
19.8
16.6
13.8
21.5
15.3
17.0
17.7
22.6
14.1
17.8
18.4
12.8
18.0
18.2
17.5
17.5
-36.7
18.9
16.8
17.7
13.4
16.6
17.7
18.6
15.5
15.5
15.5
19.4
17.4
19.1
13.5
19.7
16.6
17.9
16.5
19.3

14
33
29
31
40
38
34
34
35
34
38
35
32
31
29
35
34
30
33
36
41
30
31
38
36
41
37
39
34
35
26
36
36
35
39
40
35
35
39
39
39
36
36
40
39
39
33
38
33
36

ARCV
15

7.0
5.8
7.1
6.8
6.9
7.0
6.4
7.0
7.0
7.0
6.9
7.1
7.2
6.4
7.1
7.1
6.0
6.9
7.3
7.2
5.4
7.2
7.2
6.5
7.4
7.2
7.2
6.9
7.4
5.1
6.7
7.4
7.0
7.5
7.6
7.0
7.3
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.3
6.9
7.5
7.6
7.5
7.1
7.3
7.1
7.5

DAZ

16
3.6
10.2
2.2
4.7
4.0
3.1
8.1
3.3
2.8
3.6
3.7
3.2
0.8
8.1
3.0
3.2
9.8
4.7
1.2
3.2
12.2
1.7
3.8
8.3
0.3
4.9
4.3
6.4
3.8
14.9
8.2
3.6
6.5
2.0
1.1
6.5
5.5
0.6
0.6
0.6
5.6
7.6
3.3
1.9
4.3
6.5
5.3
6.4
4.8

ARCL
17

7.8
11.7
7.4
8.3
8.0
7.6
10.3
7.8
7.5
7.9
7.9
7.8
7.2
10.3
7.8
7.7
11.5
8.3
7.4
7.9
13.3
7.4
8.1
10.5
7.4
8.7
8.4
9.4
8.3
15.7
10.6
8.2
9.6
7.7
7.7
9.5
9.1
7.6
7.6
7.6
9.2
10.3
8.2
7.8
8.6
9.6
9.0
9.6
8.9

18
9
20
8
10
9
9
15
8
9
8
9
8
7
16
8
9
20
11
7
8
27
9
9
17
8
11
10
13
10
33
16
9
14
9
8
14
12
9
9
9
12
16
9
9
10
14
12
14
11

19

0.69
0.69
0.70
0.71
0.71
0.71
0.73
0.74
0.75
0.75
0.76
0.76
0.78
0.82
0.84
0.85
0.85
0.86
0.86
0.88
0.92
0.95
0.96
1.01
1.06
1.08
1.08
1.14
1.19
1.19
1.19
1.20
1.25
1.27
1.28
1.28
1.31
1.31
1.31
1.31
1.32
1.32
1.33
1.35
1.36
1.37
1.37
1.38
1.40

No.
1

R
2

E
3

Date
4

478
181
375
326
430
321
560
524
312
313
431
663
328
015
573
184
281
039
432
643
301
591

I
A
I
C
I
F
I
I
A
A
I
F
C
A
I
A
A
A
I
F
A
F

E
M
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
M
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
M
E
M

19-08-2001
30-07-1981
10-09-1999
02-10-1997
26-12-2000
07-05-1997
05-11-2002
13-04-2002
20-01-1996
20-01-1996
26-12-2000
17-06-2004
30-12-1997
29-04-1862
03-01-2003
05-11-1983
24-05-1990
20-04-1871
26-12-2000
19-02-2004
01-01-1995
30-04-2003

Observer
5
Odeh
Schaefer
Odeh
Gharaybeh
Mehrani
Hadidi
Mohammadi
Patchick
Patchick
Al-Muhammad
Mehrani
Schmidt
Kacem
McPartlan
Bach
Schmidt
Odeh
Mehrani
Schwaar
Mehrani

Long
6

Lat
7

Ele
8

N
9

B
10

T
11

035.5
-071.3
035.5
034.7
035.9
052.3
035.8
052.5
-118.3
-118.3
050.0
051.8
018.4
023.7
003.7
035.6
-083.5
023.7
035.5
051.7
-106.0
051.7

30.2
42.3
30.4
31.8
32.6
32.7
31.9
29.6
34.1
34.1
26.6
32.5
-33.9
38.0
32.5
15.6
35.6
38.0
30.2
32.6
33.0
32.6

1724
30
1646
60
500
1500
939
1500
530
530
10
1500
350
122
550
335
1524
122
1680
1800
1219
1800

I
I
I

V
I

200
183
200
0
305
1189
30
760
1800
35
1800
953
1800
1350
2100
259
259
305
0
244
1680
61
200
1

V
I
V
I
I
I
I

I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I

V
V
V
I
I
I
V
V
V
V

V
V

JD
12

Age

13

Lag

14

ARCV
15

DAZ

16

ARCL
17

18

19

2452141.194
2444815.885
2451432.176
2450724.154
2451905.125
2450576.153
2452584.129
2452378.137
2450103.565
2450103.565
2451905.092
2453173.541
2450813.263
2401260.233
2452643.218
2445644.142
2448036.547
2404538.226
2451905.132
2453054.621
2449719.524
2452759.561

15.2
-18.6
18.6
21.9
20.4
18.7
18.4
19.3
13.7
13.7
19.8
-19.5
24.0
18.1
19.9
17.4
14.5
21.1
20.6
-31.4
14.6
-36.7

37
45
35
35
41
37
36
36
41
41
39
44
33
45
39
35
47
40
41
26
43
29

7.5
7.3
7.4
7.3
7.6
7.1
7.1
7.5
7.8
7.8
7.7
7.8
6.1
8.0
7.1
7.8
8.0
7.5
7.9
5.0
8.1
5.9

3.8
5.8
5.3
6.9
5.0
7.7
7.3
5.2
1.6
1.6
3.9
3.4
12.1
0.2
8.4
3.0
0.4
7.3
4.6
16.1
0.3
14.5

8.4
9.3
9.1
10.0
9.1
10.4
10.2
9.1
7.9
7.9
8.7
8.5
13.6
8.0
11.0
8.4
8.0
10.4
9.1
16.9
8.1
15.6

11
13
12
14
11
16
16
11
10
10
10
10
27
9
18
10
10
15
11
42
10
33

1.42
1.43
1.44
1.51
1.54
1.54
1.54
1.55
1.61
1.61
1.63
1.64
1.69
1.70
1.71
1.74
1.84
1.85
1.87
1.90
1.96
1.96

2451905.264
2447652.562
2451197.263
2422729.262
2445822.534
2441864.736
2423143.210
2451078.166
2452789.543
2451521.242
2451905.259
2453323.124
2451905.259
2452968.518
2453264.108
2447652.549
2447652.549
2447327.559
2422729.268
2447652.552
2452732.181
2446028.441
2452762.184
2452791.519

23.6
14.7
25.2
17.5
20.2
17.7
27.5
22.1
-25.8
18.9
23.5
23.3
23.5
24.5
23.3
14.3
14.3
17.1
17.6
14.3
20.0
22.4
27.9
19.7

42
42
36
43
44
51
35
37
39
36
42
34
42
38
36
53
53
51
45
53
39
39
38
42

7.6
8.1
6.8
8.2
7.9
7.7
7.1
7.7
7.3
8.2
7.7
6.4
7.7
5.9
7.2
8.2
8.2
8.3
8.3
8.3
8.1
7.0
7.3
8.4

7.6
2.5
10.8
1.7
5.2
6.2
10.2
6.8
9.4
1.6
7.4
12.2
7.3
13.6
9.5
0.3
0.3
1.7
1.3
0.3
4.5
10.6
9.7
1.8

10.7
8.4
12.8
8.4
9.4
9.9
12.4
10.3
11.9
8.4
10.6
13.8
10.6
14.8
11.9
8.2
8.2
8.4
8.4
8.3
9.3
12.7
12.1
8.5

15
11
23
10
12
15
21
14
19
10
15
29
15
33
20
10
10
10
10
10
12
24
20
10

1.99
2.01
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.05
2.07
2.07
2.08
2.09
2.09
2.10
2.13
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.18
2.18
2.19
2.20
2.22

Table 6: Lunar crescent observation records (Group B)

433
263
341
094
199
137
105
338
599
387
434
714
435
629
688
264
265
260
095
266
586
212
592
600

I
A
I
A
A
A
A
C
F
I
C
I
I
I
I
A
A
A
A
A
I
A
I
I

E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
M
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E

26-12-2000
05-05-1989
18-01-1999
08-02-1921
01-05-1984
01-07-1973
29-03-1922
21-09-1998
30-05-2003
08-12-1999
26-12-2000
13-11-2004
26-12-2000
24-11-2003
15-09-2004
05-05-1989
05-05-1989
14-06-1988
08-02-1921
05-05-1989
02-04-2003
23-11-1984
02-05-2003
31-05-2003

Salie
Pearce
Salie
Stamm
Austin
MacKenzie
Mehrani
Isiaq
Katbeh
Caldwell
Torabinejad
Amirzadeh
Victor
Heaslip
Stamm
Hunefeld
Odeh
Stamm
Ebrahim
Hafiz

018.4
-097.0
018.4
-006.2
-084.1
170.5
018.5
035.2
051.7
003.4
020.8
035.9
020.8
-112.0
059.0
-084.8
-084.8
-084.1
-009.1
-085.7
035.5
-081.0
018.4
-080.3

-33.9
30.3
-33.9
36.5
37.2
-44.0
-33.9
31.8
32.6
06.5
-32.4
32.0
-32.3
41.5
36.6
42.7
42.7
37.2
38.8
43.0
30.2
34.0
-33.9
26.0

V
I
V
I
I

I
V
I
V
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I

V
V
V
I
I
V
I

V
V
V

No.
1

R
2

E
3

Date
4

658
615
134
135
606
319
416
331
051
689
508
412
392
605
690
172
364
248
324
304
672
415
665
322
655
691
337
666
282
277
365
283
667
298
270
048
484
316
267
249
727
045
639
010
185
393
291
593
661

F
I
A
A
F
C
I
B
A
I
I
I
I
D
I
A
I
A
C
D
F
F
I
C
I
I
C
I
A
A
I
B
I
D
B
A
I
C
A
A
I
A
I
A
A
I
B
I
I

M
E
E
E
M
E
E
M
E
E
E
E
E
M
E
M
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
M
E
E
E
E
E
M
E
E
E
M
M
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E

18-05-2004
26-09-2003
15-03-1972
15-03-1972
27-08-2003
07-05-1997
31-07-2000
27-01-1998
27-04-1873
15-09-2004
15-12-2001
02-07-2000
07-01-2000
27-08-2003
15-09-2004
27-01-1979
14-06-1999
26-06-1987
04-08-1997
31-01-1995
18-06-2004
02-07-2000
18-06-2004
04-06-1997
20-04-2004
15-09-2004
26-05-1998
18-06-2004
24-05-1990
24-04-1990
14-06-1999
24-05-1990
18-06-2004
11-01-1994
02-07-1989
03-10-1872
17-10-2001
08-02-1997
05-05-1989
26-06-1987
12-12-2004
06-07-1872
22-01-2004
05-10-1861
05-11-1983
07-01-2000
16-03-1991
02-05-2003
19-05-2004

Observer
5
Mehrani
Torabinejad
McMahon
Moran
Mehrani
Isiaq
Pearce
Schmidt
Boroujerdi
Essa
Bahali
Essa
Mirsaeed
Marzani
Skiff
Mohammadi
Victor
Mirsaeed
Mehrani
Mehrani
Al-Muhammad
Haji Ali Ahmad
Mehrani
Khushaish
Bieda
Bortle
Guessoum
Stamm
Saab
Mirsaeed
Stamm
Schmidt
Bahali
Pearson
Stamm
Stamm
Schmidt
Kacem
Schmidt
Stamm
Mokhtari
Stamm
Tahir
Stamm

Long
6

Lat
7

Ele
8

N
9

B
10

051.7
-111.8
-117.6
-117.6
051.4
034.9
003.4
-095.4
023.7
051.4
039.7
102.4
039.7
050.9
050.9
-111.7
052.5
-084.5
035.2
051.3
050.0
051.7
050.0
034.9
114.9
050.1
035.2
048.0
-110.5
-073.7
048.0
-111.0
046.5
051.3
-111.0
023.7
102.4
018.4
-105.5
-084.1
-110.7
023.7
003.7
023.7
-084.1
-006.8
-111.0
114.9
-111.0

32.5
41.8
35.5
35.5
32.0
31.8
06.5
29.8
38.0
35.7
-04.0
02.3
-04.0
35.0
34.7
35.2
29.6
42.7
31.3
35.6
33.3
32.6
26.6
31.8
05.0
33.3
31.8
28.4
31.6
41.6
29.4
32.4
24.6
35.6
32.4
38.0
02.3
-33.9
39.7
37.2
32.4
38.0
32.5
38.0
37.2
34.0
32.4
05.0
32.4

1500
1460
914
1128
2200
79
35
14
122
1100
0
37
0
1500
930
2469
1500
244
600
1100
2300
1500
10
79
63
2600
760
30
1372
30
30
842
620
1100
842
122
37
350
3353
305
842
122
550
122
305
50
842
63
842

I
I
I
I

V
V
I
V
I

T
11

V
V
V
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
V

V
I
V
I
V
V
I
V

I
I
I

I
V

I
I
I
I

I
I
I
V

V
V
V
I
V

V
V

I
I
V
I
I
V
I
V
I
I
I
I

V
V
V

V
V
I
V
I

V
V
V

JD
12
2453143.548
2452909.571
2441392.599
2441392.599
2452878.569
2450576.197
2451757.265
2450841.038
2405276.232
2453264.128
2452259.156
2451727.986
2451551.163
2452878.568
2453264.129
2443901.084
2451344.164
2446973.576
2450665.203
2449749.102
2453175.183
2451728.175
2453175.164
2450603.596
2453115.948
2453264.133
2450960.208
2453175.173
2448036.615
2448005.903
2451344.172
2448036.617
2453175.173
2449363.637
2447709.995
2405070.184
2452199.969
2450488.253
2447652.608
2446973.561
2453352.529
2404981.261
2453027.230
2401054.177
2445644.457
2451551.247
2448332.581
2452761.948
2453145.615

Age

13

Lag

-26.3
22.0
15.3
15.4
-16.3
19.4
16.8
-17.3
18.6
23.7
18.8
17.0
20.7
-16.3
23.6
-16.8
20.4
20.2
33.9
16.1
19.9
20.6
19.4
-27.5
20.3
23.7
20.7
19.6
15.9
-19.2
20.5
15.9
19.5
-19.3
-17.7
24.0
16.5
25.9
15.6
19.9
21.9
22.9
19.6
34.9
23.6
22.1
17.7
21.1
20.9

14
39
39
42
42
43
40
36
41
46
37
38
38
37
45
38
44
40
59
35
46
51
43
46
35
37
38
41
47
49
46
41
50
46
48
51
41
37
33
55
55
41
52
44
25
44
49
44
39
50

ARCV
15

7.5
7.1
8.3
8.3
8.4
7.8
8.4
8.3
8.3
7.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
7.6
8.3
7.6
8.6
7.0
8.7
8.8
7.9
8.9
6.7
8.8
7.9
7.7
8.9
8.8
8.1
7.8
8.9
9.0
8.7
8.9
8.0
8.9
6.5
8.9
8.9
7.2
8.7
8.1
4.6
8.0
8.9
9.0
9.2
9.2

DAZ

16
9.6
10.4
2.5
2.5
3.0
7.7
1.8
4.1
4.4
9.6
0.1
1.9
2.9
2.5
9.4
4.8
9.3
4.4
12.9
1.8
2.5
8.6
0.9
13.6
2.4
9.3
9.9
1.3
0.2
8.0
9.2
0.3
0.6
5.0
1.6
9.1
0.4
14.3
0.3
3.2
11.9
6.2
8.6
19.4
9.6
4.5
3.2
1.3
2.0

ARCL
17

12.1
12.6
8.7
8.7
8.9
10.9
8.6
9.2
9.4
12.1
8.5
8.7
9.0
8.9
12.1
9.6
12.0
9.7
14.7
8.9
9.1
11.7
8.9
15.2
9.2
12.2
12.5
9.0
8.9
11.4
12.1
8.9
9.0
10.0
9.1
12.1
8.9
15.7
8.9
9.5
13.9
10.6
11.8
20.0
12.5
10.0
9.5
9.3
9.4

18
20
24
12
12
11
17
11
13
13
21
10
12
11
11
21
14
22
13
29
12
11
21
11
33
11
21
23
11
12
20
22
12
11
14
12
21
12
37
12
12
30
15
21
60
23
14
13
12
12

19

2.33
2.34
2.36
2.37
2.38
2.39
2.39
2.40
2.42
2.43
2.44
2.51
2.52
2.54
2.60
2.61
2.67
2.73
2.73
2.76
2.79
2.80
2.82
2.84
2.85
2.86
2.89
2.89
2.92
2.92
2.93
2.94
2.95
2.97
2.98
2.98
3.00
3.00
3.02
3.02
3.02
3.06
3.07
3.12
3.16
3.16
3.16
3.23
3.23

No.
1

R
2

E
3

Date
4

436
668
315
317
284
285
290
485
036
334
585
088
603
250
162
715
109
251
443
579
486
630
692
256
332
173
174
594
194
404
543
175
252
376
286
176
511
633
320
177
314
693
413
694
525
616
475
487
437

I
I
C
C
A
A
C
I
A
C
F
A
F
A
A
I
A
A
F
F
I
I
I
A
B
A
A
I
A
I
I
A
A
I
C
A
I
I
C
A
C
I
I
I
I
I
F
I
I

E
E
E
M
E
E
E
E
E
E
M
E
E
E
E
E
M
E
E
M
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E

26-12-2000
18-06-2004
13-10-1996
08-03-1997
24-05-1990
24-05-1990
15-02-1991
17-10-2001
12-05-1869
27-02-1998
31-03-2003
28-11-1913
30-06-2003
26-06-1987
09-03-1978
13-11-2004
13-08-1931
26-06-1987
25-01-2001
31-01-2003
17-10-2001
24-11-2003
15-09-2004
19-01-1988
28-01-1998
28-01-1979
28-01-1979
02-05-2003
03-03-1984
05-04-2000
09-08-2002
28-01-1979
26-06-1987
10-09-1999
20-09-1990
28-01-1979
14-01-2002
24-12-2003
07-05-1997
28-01-1979
21-01-1996
15-09-2004
02-07-2000
15-09-2004
13-04-2002
26-09-2003
21-07-2001
17-10-2001
25-01-2001

Observer
5
Essa
Hadi
Bortle
O'Meara
Mehrani
Schmidt
Mehrani
Long
Mehrani
Bishop
Haji Ali Ahmad
Danjon
Chamberlain
Mehrani
Mehrani
Mohammadi
Lukuman
Khushaish
Stamm
Pearce
ACAC
Olsen
Ibrahim
McPartian
Zainal
Bahali
Sherman
Shaukat
Verne
Mohammadi
Kaufmann
Fcfferman
Al-Muhammad
Odeh
Mayoof
Kaufmann
Stamm
Mehrani
Odeh
Mohammadi

Long
6

Lat
7

Ele
8

N
9

B
10

T
11

039.7
035.9
034.9
034.7
-118.1
-118.1
073.1
051.7
023.7
018.4
051.7
018.5
058.4
-105.0
-064.2
114.8
007.7
-111.9
051.7
051.7
052.5
003.4
048.0
-111.0
-095.4
-081.3
-091.7
101.7
035.6
102.9
102.4
-082.4
-100.0
-077.0
034.7
-093.6
052.5
008.7
018.4
-090.3
018.4
050.0
035.5
050.5
-009.7
-111.0
051.7
035.8
052.5

-04.0
32.0
31.8
31.8
34.2
34.2
33.4
32.6
38.0
-33.9
32.6
-33.9
33.7
39.8
45.1
04.9
48.6
40.7
32.6
32.6
29.6
06.5
28.4
32.2
29.8
29.9
42.0
03.2
15.6
05.3
02.3
29.7
30.0
38.8
31.8
42.0
29.6
49.6
-33.9
38.7
-33.9
26.6
30.4
26.2
30.5
32.4
32.6
31.9
29.6

0
940
79
60
530
530
500
1500
122
350
1800
91
1500
1676
9
30
122
1311
1500
1800
1500
35
30
780
14
0
244
60
335
20
37
0
457
36
60
274
1500
175
350
183
350
30
1646
13
75
842
1500
939
1500

I
I
V

V
I
V
V
I
I
V

V
V
V

V
I
I
V
I
I
I
V
I
I
I
I

V
V
V
V
V
I
V
V

V
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
V
V
I
V
V
I
V
I
I
I
I
V
I
I

V
V
V
I
V

V
V
I
V
V
V

I
V
V
V

JD
12
2451905.160
2453175.218
2450370.146
2450515.654
2448036.640
2448036.640
2448303.053
2452200.100
2403830.242
2450872.240
2452729.586
2420100.253
2452821.161
2446973.630
2443577.444
2453322.931
2426566.657
2446973.651
2451935.102
2452670.628
2452200.099
2452968.240
2453264.133
2447180.549
2450842.512
2443902.472
2443902.489
2452761.984
2445763.171
2451639.982
2452495.987
2443902.475
2446973.592
2451432.490
2448155.163
2443902.494
2452289.097
2452998.164
2450576.184
2443902.489
2450104.262
2453264.127
2451728.217
2453264.125
2452378.310
2452909.569
2452112.172
2452200.144
2451935.104

Age

13

Lag

21.2
20.4
24.1
-21.0
16.4
16.4
19.1
19.0
24.0
23.4
-41.9
17.0
20.8
21.2
19.3
19.3
-17.0
21.5
23.5
-33.3
18.9
18.6
23.6
19.1
18.0
17.1
17.3
21.8
20.5
17.6
17.1
17.2
20.3
24.8
40.3
17.4
23.1
30.8
19.2
17.3
28.7
23.4
21.3
23.4
22.4
21.8
20.3
19.7
23.5

14
41
52
41
39
52
52
46
43
46
38
28
53
52
60
54
39
67
61
47
38
43
41
40
47
47
47
55
40
40
39
40
47
52
44
29
56
47
53
48
53
34
40
46
40
45
42
48
44
47

ARCV
15

9.2
9.2
8.3
8.1
9.1
9.1
9.2
8.7
8.2
7.7
5.7
9.3
9.1
9.2
9.2
8.9
9.3
9.2
9.1
7.1
9.0
9.1
8.7
8.8
9.4
9.4
9.3
9.5
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.5
8.5
5.9
9.4
9.1
6.3
9.3
9.5
6.5
8.9
8.7
8.9
9.4
8.7
9.0
9.1
9.4

DAZ

16
1.6
2.4
8.7
9.1
0.8
0.8
1.0
6.2
10.0
11.3
18.5
0.1
4.3
4.4
3.5
6.2
2.0
4.8
6.2
14.6
5.7
5.1
8.5
7.4
0.7
0.1
2.5
1.7
3.6
2.1
1.0
0.1
1.9
9.7
18.4
2.5
7.0
16.6
5.2
1.9
16.3
8.1
8.6
8.0
5.5
8.9
7.2
6.6
5.6

ARCL
17

9.3
9.5
12.1
12.2
9.2
9.2
9.3
10.7
12.9
13.7
19.3
9.3
10.1
10.2
9.8
10.8
9.5
10.4
11.0
16.2
10.7
10.4
12.1
11.4
9.4
9.4
9.7
9.7
10.1
9.7
9.5
9.4
9.7
12.9
19.3
9.7
11.4
17.8
10.6
9.6
17.5
12.0
12.2
12.0
10.9
12.4
11.5
11.3
10.9

18
12
12
21
23
13
13
12
17
23
28
51
13
14
14
14
18
14
15
16
37
17
17
21
20
13
14
14
13
14
14
14
14
13
23
51
15
18
47
16
14
46
21
23
21
16
23
20
19
16

19

3.26
3.27
3.27
3.27
3.28
3.28
3.30
3.30
3.35
3.35
3.43
3.43
3.44
3.44
3.47
3.49
3.52
3.56
3.56
3.58
3.60
3.61
3.61
3.62
3.63
3.63
3.64
3.65
3.66
3.67
3.68
3.69
3.70
3.72
3.72
3.73
3.74
3.74
3.77
3.77
3.79
3.80
3.83
3.84
3.84
3.86
3.88
3.89
3.90

No.
1

R
2

E
3

Date
4

218
488
253
621
163
164
165
166
272
254
143
542
405
394
417
418
483
077
142
033
607
347
302
471
489
622
669
695
623
096
306
031
303
396
348
349
089
178
472
544
555
419
608
723
333
323
556
473
512

C
I
A
I
A
A
A
A
C
A
A
D
I
I
I
I
D
A
A
A
I
D
C
I
I
I
I
I
I
A
A
A
D
I
I
I
A
A
I
I
D
I
I
F
C
C
I
I
I

E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
M
M
E
E
E
E
M
M
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
M
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
M
E
E
M
E
E
M
E
E

12-12-1985
17-10-2001
26-06-1987
26-10-2003
09-03-1978
09-03-1978
09-03-1978
09-03-1978
01-10-1989
26-06-1987
10-11-1977
08-08-2002
05-04-2000
07-01-2000
28-09-2000
28-09-2000
16-10-2001
22-11-1889
18-02-1977
05-02-1867
28-08-2003
18-03-1999
01-01-1995
21-07-2001
17-10-2001
26-10-2003
18-06-2004
15-09-2004
26-10-2003
08-02-1921
28-06-1995
17-01-1866
30-01-1995
06-02-2000
18-03-1999
18-03-1999
16-03-1915
28-01-1979
21-07-2001
09-08-2002
04-11-2002
28-09-2000
28-08-2003
11-12-2004
28-01-1998
05-07-1997
04-11-2002
21-07-2001
14-01-2002

Observer
5
Laing
Al-Muhammad
Pazhouhesh
Bortle
Dessert
Dombrowski
Piaruli
Klemola
Patterson
Mirsaeed
Mehrani
Isiaq
Salie
Caldwell
Mirsaeed
Degroupet
Schenk
Schmidt
Zainal
Mirsaeed
O'Meara
Salih
Al-Mustafa
Mehrani
Kacem
Kacem
Janghorban
Campbell
Schaefer
Schmidt
Mirsaeed
Caldwell
Caldwell
Salie
Schoch
Peterson
Gharaybeh
Ebrahim
Mirsaeed
Nahli
Mehrani
Mehrani
Mehrani
Odeh
Saab

Long
6

Lat
7

Ele
8

N
9

020.8
050.0
-112.1
059.2
-073.8
-073.8
-072.9
-072.9
034.6
-122.0
-104.0
051.3
051.7
003.4
018.4
018.4
052.3
004.2
-087.7
023.7
102.9
050.8
-155.5
073.3
046.5
050.1
003.7
003.7
051.7
-071.1
-071.0
023.7
051.3
018.4
018.4
018.4
008.7
-122.3
035.9
018.4
051.3
032.7
051.7
051.6
-118.1
018.5
051.9
035.8
046.5

-32.4
26.6
33.5
32.9
42.7
42.7
41.3
41.3
31.3
37.0
30.7
35.6
32.6
06.5
-33.9
-33.9
35.7
50.9
43.8
38.0
05.3
36.0
19.8
04.1
24.6
33.3
32.5
32.5
32.6
42.3
-30.1
38.0
35.6
-33.9
-34.0
-33.9
49.4
47.6
32.6
-34.0
35.6
26.2
32.6
32.6
34.2
-33.9
32.8
31.9
24.6

1800
10
329
1468
183
183
30
61
175
1494
2408
1100
1500
35
200
350
2000
30
30
122
20
1500
4180
1
620
2600
550
550
1500
30
2774
122
1100
350
350
200
213
30
500
750
1100
105
1500
1500
1740
10
1500
939
620

V
I
V
I
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
I
I
V
V
V
V
V
I
I
V
V
V

B
10

T
11

I
V
V
V

V
V
V
V
V
V

V
V

V
I
I
V
V
I
V
V
V
V
V
V
I
V
V
V
I

V
V
V
V

V
V
V

V
V
V
V
I

V
V

JD
12
2446412.257
2452200.104
2446973.632
2452939.072
2443577.473
2443577.473
2443577.469
2443577.470
2447801.155
2446973.671
2443458.033
2452494.554
2451640.141
2451551.254
2451816.215
2451816.216
2452198.589
2411328.776
2443193.494
2403003.179
2452879.983
2451256.135
2449719.684
2452112.071
2452200.117
2452939.099
2453175.309
2453264.260
2452939.093
2422729.440
2449897.435
2402619.166
2449747.630
2451581.258
2451256.225
2451256.225
2420573.251
2443902.565
2452112.214
2452496.194
2452582.604
2451816.167
2452880.147
2453350.622
2450842.576
2450635.177
2452582.599
2452112.215
2452289.119

Age

13

Lag

17.8
19.0
21.0
23.8
19.8
19.8
19.8
19.8
42.3
21.8
-18.1
-18.0
20.2
22.2
20.3
20.3
-17.3
-18.5
19.4
20.7
18.4
19.6
17.7
18.2
19.2
24.5
22.0
26.9
24.4
20.6
20.4
18.8
-19.3
28.3
21.9
21.9
21.0
18.6
21.1
20.3
-17.9
19.8
21.6
-21.3
19.2
20.4
-18.0
21.1
23.5

14
55
43
56
41
54
54
53
53
31
59
48
55
46
44
46
46
50
71
57
54
41
48
46
43
44
42
56
42
43
58
51
56
52
46
45
45
64
65
50
49
53
45
47
51
53
55
51
51
48

ARCV
15

9.6
9.3
9.7
8.2
9.7
9.7
9.7
9.7
6.5
9.7
9.8
9.8
9.3
9.9
9.3
9.3
9.8
9.6
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.4
9.9
9.9
9.7
8.3
10.0
8.8
8.4
10.1
10.1
10.1
9.7
9.0
9.2
9.2
10.1
9.9
9.4
9.4
10.1
9.9
9.6
9.3
10.1
10.3
10.2
9.5
9.9

DAZ

16
2.5
5.2
3.0
11.4
3.2
3.2
2.9
2.9
18.1
4.2
0.6
0.4
7.2
1.0
7.1
7.1
2.5
4.3
0.7
1.6
0.4
6.3
2.3
0.6
5.0
11.7
3.1
10.5
11.6
0.1
0.1
0.4
5.3
10.0
8.7
8.7
1.7
4.2
7.6
8.0
0.0
4.9
7.3
8.8
1.8
1.2
0.5
7.5
6.1

ARCL
17

9.9
10.7
10.2
14.0
10.2
10.2
10.1
10.1
19.2
10.6
9.8
9.8
11.7
10.0
11.7
11.7
10.1
10.6
9.9
10.1
9.9
11.3
10.1
9.9
10.8
14.4
10.4
13.7
14.3
10.1
10.1
10.1
11.1
13.4
12.6
12.6
10.3
10.7
12.1
12.4
10.1
11.1
12.0
12.8
10.3
10.3
10.2
12.1
11.6

18
15
17
14
30
15
15
15
15
49
15
14
14
20
14
20
20
15
17
14
14
14
19
15
15
18
31
15
27
31
14
14
15
18
25
24
24
15
18
22
23
16
18
21
25
16
15
16
22
19

19

3.91
3.92
3.97
3.98
4.05
4.05
4.07
4.08
4.08
4.09
4.09
4.10
4.13
4.16
4.17
4.18
4.18
4.19
4.20
4.22
4.23
4.24
4.26
4.27
4.28
4.29
4.30
4.30
4.33
4.34
4.36
4.40
4.41
4.41
4.43
4.44
4.47
4.52
4.54
4.54
4.55
4.55
4.56
4.58
4.61
4.61
4.62
4.63
4.63

No.
1

R
2

E
3

Date
4

574
093
438
625
002
350
456
300
545
546
167
168
722
414
503
420
406
553
079
169
170
342
397
624
561
609
122
367
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
113
102
028
085
217
529
398
343
229
595
490
517
509
407

I
A
I
F
A
I
I
C
I
I
A
A
I
I
I
I
I
I
A
A
A
I
I
I
I
I
A
C
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
C
I
I
I
A
I
I
D
I
I

E
E
E
M
E
E
E
M
E
E
E
E
M
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
M
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
M
E
E
E
M
E
E
E
E
E
E
M
E
E

03-01-2003
19-04-1920
25-01-2001
23-11-2003
27-10-1859
18-03-1999
24-04-2001
31-12-1994
09-08-2002
09-08-2002
09-03-1978
09-03-1978
11-12-2004
02-07-2000
16-11-2001
28-09-2000
05-04-2000
07-10-2002
07-12-1885
09-03-1978
09-03-1978
18-01-1999
06-02-2000
26-10-2003
05-11-2002
28-08-2003
08-12-1942
12-07-1999
28-04-1987
28-04-1987
28-04-1987
28-04-1987
28-04-1987
28-04-1987
28-04-1987
20-08-1933
30-12-1921
24-06-1865
31-01-1911
11-12-1985
13-05-2002
06-02-2000
18-01-1999
28-04-1987
02-05-2003
17-10-2001
12-03-2002
15-12-2001
05-04-2000

Observer
5
Ebrahim
Triou
Saab
Mehrani
Schmidt
Mohammadi
Mehrani
O'Meara
Janghorban
Mehrani
Cebula
Phelps
Khushaish
Caldwell
Kaufmann
Kacem
Odeh
Kaufmann
DeCroupet
McGraw
Newman
Shammary
Mehrani
Khushaish
Salie
Odeh
Oravec
Schaefer
McLeod
Doggett
Seidelman
Slowik
Chester
Schmidt
Danjon
MacKenzie
Schmidt
Cave
Laing
Tahir
Bilani
Saab
Williams
Hasanzadeh
Ebrahim
Mirsaeed
Stamm
Salie

Long
6

Lat
7

Ele
8

N
9

018.4
007.0
046.5
051.4
023.7
052.5
051.7
-155.5
051.7
051.7
-089.0
-089.0
048.0
020.8
008.7
003.7
035.9
008.7
005.7
-093.6
-093.6
043.7
051.7
048.0
018.4
036.2
-074.0
035.2
-077.0
-081.8
-077.1
-077.1
-077.1
-077.1
-077.1
007.7
018.5
023.7
-000.9
020.8
114.9
037.2
044.0
-082.5
046.0
018.4
051.3
-111.0
018.4

-33.9
43.5
24.6
35.8
38.0
29.6
32.6
19.8
32.6
32.6
40.5
40.5
29.4
-32.4
49.6
32.5
32.0
49.6
50.6
41.6
41.6
28.8
32.6
29.4
-33.9
32.4
40.7
31.8
38.9
26.7
38.9
38.9
38.9
38.9
38.9
48.6
-33.9
38.0
51.0
-32.4
05.0
36.2
26.1
28.0
38.2
-33.9
35.6
32.4
-33.9

200
15
620
1100
122
1500
1500
4180
1500
1500
244
244
30
420
175
550
850
175
213
244
244
500
1500
30
200
700
0
200
30
0
30
30
30
30
30
122
30
122
61
1800
63
420
640
0
1400
200
1100
843
200

V
V
I
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
I
V
V
V
V
V
V
I
V
I
V
V
V
V
I
I
I
V
V
V
I
I
V
V
I
V
I
I
V
V
V
V
V

B
10

V
V

T
11

V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
I
V

V
V

V
V
V
V
V
V
V
I
V
V

V
V
V

JD
12
2452643.270
2422434.282
2451935.125
2452966.616
2400345.160
2451256.130
2452024.152
2449718.184
2452496.162
2452496.162
2443577.516
2443577.516
2453350.631
2451728.174
2452230.174
2451816.249
2451640.184
2452555.219
2409883.174
2443577.529
2443577.529
2451197.125
2451581.111
2452939.103
2452584.239
2452880.189
2430702.414
2451371.595
2446914.518
2446914.515
2446914.518
2446914.518
2446914.518
2446914.518
2446914.518
2427304.663
2423054.264
2402412.259
2419068.224
2446410.618
2452407.950
2451581.146
2451197.127
2446914.518
2452762.181
2452200.227
2452345.604
2452259.535
2451640.209

Age

13

Lag

21.5
20.3
23.9
-19.4
40.1
19.6
22.6
-18.4
20.6
20.6
20.6
20.6
-21.1
20.0
35.0
21.5
21.0
30.7
26.4
20.9
20.9
21.7
23.8
24.5
20.4
22.4
19.3
-22.8
21.6
21.4
21.6
21.6
21.6
21.6
21.6
-24.3
38.3
35.5
32.0
-21.5
22.4
24.6
21.8
21.5
26.3
20.9
-46.6
27.2
22.0

14
56
60
48
55
34
47
50
48
51
51
56
56
51
54
57
48
48
48
75
57
57
52
52
44
54
49
62
51
61
52
61
61
61
61
61
70
44
45
65
55
46
55
52
53
59
51
33
54
50

ARCV
15

9.9
9.9
10.1
10.0
5.9
10.0
9.8
10.3
9.9
9.9
10.3
10.3
9.6
10.0
7.8
9.9
9.9
7.5
9.9
10.4
10.4
10.5
10.3
9.1
10.2
9.9
10.1
9.5
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.3
8.2
7.8
8.8
10.0
10.7
10.3
10.6
10.7
10.4
10.1
6.4
9.9
10.1

DAZ

16
5.8
4.8
4.7
4.6
20.3
5.1
7.2
0.7
6.7
6.7
3.0
3.0
8.2
5.7
15.5
6.9
7.2
16.0
8.2
3.3
3.3
2.3
5.2
11.2
5.4
7.7
5.8
9.6
1.6
1.1
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
5.7
15.5
16.4
13.2
7.3
0.3
6.1
1.7
0.8
5.7
7.0
20.8
8.8
7.4

ARCL
17

11.4
11.0
11.1
11.0
21.2
11.2
12.2
10.3
11.9
11.9
10.7
10.7
12.6
11.5
17.3
12.1
12.2
17.6
12.8
10.9
10.9
10.7
11.6
14.4
11.5
12.6
11.7
13.5
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
11.8
17.5
18.2
15.9
12.3
10.7
12.0
10.8
10.7
11.9
12.3
21.7
13.3
12.5

18
19
18
17
19
64
19
21
16
21
21
17
17
24
20
43
21
22
47
22
17
17
16
19
32
20
23
21
27
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
19
42
47
36
23
16
20
17
16
19
22
63
25
23

19

4.64
4.64
4.64
4.75
4.76
4.77
4.78
4.79
4.84
4.84
4.84
4.84
4.84
4.84
4.85
4.89
4.93
4.95
4.97
4.99
4.99
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.06
5.07
5.08
5.08
5.11
5.11
5.11
5.11
5.11
5.11
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.13
5.13
5.14
5.15
5.16
5.16
5.19
5.20
5.21
5.24
5.25
5.25

No.
1

R
2

E
3

Date
4

108
076
179
439
230
231
232
233
234
640
351
596
602
656
352
083
235
353
145
171
457
716
236
103
237
597
288
372
259
327
458
238
651
081
040

A
A
A
I
A
A
A
A
A
I
I
I
I
I
C
A
A
I
A
A
I
I
A
A
A
I
C
I
A
C
I
A
I
A
A

E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
M
M
E
E
E
E
E

27-05-1922
30-03-1881
28-01-1979
25-01-2001
28-04-1987
28-04-1987
28-04-1987
28-04-1987
28-04-1987
22-01-2004
18-03-1999
02-05-2003
30-06-2003
20-04-2004
18-03-1999
01-05-1908
28-04-1987
18-03-1999
09-01-1978
09-03-1978
24-04-2001
13-11-2004
28-04-1987
29-01-1922
28-04-1987
02-05-2003
18-12-1990
12-08-1999
13-06-1988
29-11-1997
24-04-2001
28-04-1987
21-03-2004
19-04-1901
20-05-1871

Observer
5
MacKenzie
Denning
Westfall
Kacem
Caton
ASU
ASU
Victor
Ebrahim
Odeh
Mehrani
Kacem
Aram
Bac
Seidelman
Saab
Korycansky
Haasdyk
Gharaybeh
Torabinejad
Byrd
MacKenzie
Pitluga
Mohammadi
Mohammadi
Stamm
Dalee
Richardson
Torabinejad
Johnson
Schmidt

Long
6

Lat
7

Ele
8

N
9

018.5
-002.6
-122.4
003.7
-081.7
-081.7
-081.7
-084.5
-084.5
018.4
035.8
051.7
003.7
062.4
035.2
003.1
-084.4
046.5
-076.9
-119.3
035.9
-081.8
-087.4
018.5
-087.7
054.4
073.1
052.3
-084.1
034.7
035.8
-090.1
-081.8
-002.8
023.7

-33.9
51.5
37.8
32.5
36.2
36.2
36.2
42.7
42.7
-33.9
31.9
32.6
32.5
27.3
31.8
44.1
33.7
24.6
38.9
50.3
32.6
36.8
33.0
-33.9
40.8
27.7
33.4
32.7
37.2
31.8
31.9
30.0
36.8
50.7
38.0

30
0
61
550
1402
1402
1402
244
244
200
939
1500
550
1195
760
183
335
620
30
610
500
630
61
30
244
700
500
1500
305
60
939
0
630
30
122

V
V
V
V
I
V
V
I
V
V
V
V
I
I
V
V
I
I
I
V
I
V
I
I
I
V
V
I
I
V
V
V
V
V
I

244
50
1735
213
88
122
2100
244
244
305
305

V
V
V
V
V
I
I
I
V
V
V

B
10

T
11

V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V

V
V

V
V
V

JD
12

Age

13

Lag

14

ARCV
15

DAZ

16

ARCL
17

18

19

2423202.176
2408170.301
2443902.581
2451935.236
2446914.531
2446914.531
2446914.531
2446914.547
2446914.547
2453027.268
2451256.176
2452762.157
2452821.311
2453116.116
2451256.178
2418063.306
2446914.533
2451256.145
2443518.439
2443577.603
2452024.194
2453323.447
2446914.539
2423084.259
2446914.552
2452762.142
2448244.022
2451403.158
2447325.905
2450781.663
2452024.195
2446914.542
2453086.506
2415494.323
2404568.251

21.0
19.9
19.0
27.2
21.8
21.8
21.8
22.2
22.2
21.1
20.4
25.6
23.5
23.6
20.4
26.2
21.8
19.9
18.2
22.4
23.5
33.8
21.9
42.9
22.3
25.2
33.7
27.7
-22.6
-21.0
23.5
22.0
23.7
21.2
30.8

56
73
59
54
60
60
60
67
67
56
50
56
59
52
50
60
58
48
62
68
52
45
58
40
65
53
56
48
65
57
52
56
55
74
60

10.5
10.7
10.7
10.4
10.8
10.8
10.8
10.8
10.8
10.3
10.4
10.7
10.6
10.9
10.4
9.8
10.9
10.6
10.8
10.6
10.3
7.8
11.0
7.9
10.9
10.9
10.1
9.6
10.7
11.0
10.4
11.0
10.7
10.5
10.3

4.5
1.6
2.3
6.7
1.1
1.1
1.1
2.6
2.6
6.3
5.6
4.4
5.2
1.8
5.6
10.2
0.5
4.1
1.7
5.5
7.3
16.5
0.3
17.5
2.2
3.3
9.7
11.3
5.5
0.2
7.2
0.3
5.3
6.4
8.7

11.4
10.9
10.9
12.4
10.9
10.9
10.9
11.1
11.1
12.1
11.8
11.6
11.8
11.0
11.9
14.1
10.9
11.4
10.9
11.9
12.6
18.2
11.0
19.2
11.2
11.4
13.9
14.8
12.0
11.0
12.6
11.0
12.0
12.3
13.5

19
17
18
21
17
17
17
17
17
22
21
18
19
17
21
28
17
19
18
20
23
50
17
49
17
18
26
32
20
17
23
17
20
23
25

5.26
5.32
5.36
5.36
5.36
5.36
5.36
5.37
5.37
5.39
5.39
5.40
5.40
5.40
5.42
5.42
5.43
5.43
5.46
5.46
5.47
5.49
5.53
5.53
5.54
5.54
5.55
5.55
5.55
5.56
5.56
5.57
5.62
5.62
5.64

2440683.540
2452762.360
2452496.206
2443134.443
2451816.480
2406428.266
2453116.155
2446914.571
2443518.466
2443518.454
2443518.454

20.0
32.0
21.3
19.7
27.3
20.1
24.5
22.7
18.6
18.5
18.5

66
77
52
68
54
66
56
67
67
61
61

11.0
10.2
10.5
10.8
9.6
10.7
11.1
11.1
11.0
11.0
11.0

1.1
9.6
6.7
4.6
11.5
5.5
3.1
2.5
2.6
1.1
1.1

11.0
14.0
12.4
11.7
15.0
12.0
11.5
11.4
11.3
11.1
11.1

18
26
23
21
33
22
18
18
19
19
19

5.65
5.65
5.67
5.67
5.69
5.72
5.72
5.77
5.77
5.78
5.78

Table 6: Lunar crescent observation records (Group A)

128
598
547
138
421
058
657
239
146
147
148

A
I
I
A
I
A
I
A
A
A
A

E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E

06-04-1970
02-05-2003
09-08-2002
21-12-1976
28-09-2000
22-06-1876
20-04-2004
28-04-1987
09-01-1978
09-01-1978
09-01-1978

Quigley
McKenna
Odeh
Victor
Farooq
Schmidt
Mehrani
Fry
Barrett
Hill
Talbert

-088.0
-009.5
035.5
-083.6
-079.9
023.7
051.0
-093.7
-087.6
-079.8
-079.8

44.5
51.7
30.4
42.7
43.3
38.0
32.8
41.6
41.9
36.0
36.0

V
V
V
V
V

V
V

No.
1

R
2

E
3

Date
4

149
150
491
492
097
403
151
152
336
201
240
098
153
154
445
550
155
055
156
139
157
610
377
269
144
195
677
130
099
131
634
587
329
330
241
242
187
339
016
463
038
373
670
378
158
159
160
119
243

A
A
I
I
A
C
A
A
D
A
A
A
A
A
I
I
A
A
A
A
A
I
I
A
A
A
F
A
A
A
I
I
C
C
A
A
A
C
A
I
A
C
I
I
A
A
A
A
A

E
E
E
E
E
M
E
E
M
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
M
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E

09-01-1978
09-01-1978
17-10-2001
17-10-2001
08-02-1921
03-04-2000
09-01-1978
09-01-1978
25-04-1998
31-05-1984
28-04-1987
08-02-1921
09-01-1978
09-01-1978
24-02-2001
07-09-2002
09-01-1978
04-06-1875
09-01-1978
21-12-1976
09-01-1978
28-08-2003
10-10-1999
04-06-1989
11-12-1977
03-03-1984
15-08-2004
04-06-1970
08-02-1921
04-06-1970
24-12-2003
02-04-2003
30-12-1997
30-12-1997
28-04-1987
28-04-1987
05-12-1983
21-10-1998
28-07-1862
22-06-2001
20-02-1871
12-08-1999
18-06-2004
10-10-1999
09-01-1978
09-01-1978
09-01-1978
13-06-1934
28-04-1987

Observer
5
Connor
Bohn
Essa
Mwinyifaki
Sykes
Watts
Fleming
Mirsaeed
McPartlan
Duncombe
Lampland
Guzman
Morris
Yucel
Johnson
McGraw
Denning
Faber
Olsen
Bricker
Kacem
Zainal
Arnold
Keszthelyi
Stamm
Mehrani
Hoffler
Fleming
Qureshi
Singer

McPartian
Schmidt
Kaufmann
Schmidt
Singer
Odeh
Rosamond
Schiffer
Meibaum
Tshernov
Chamberlain

Long
6

Lat
7

Ele
8

N
9

B
10

-079.8
-089.8
039.7
039.7
-110.0
035.2
-081.1
-081.1
051.3
035.6
-097.7
-111.7
-081.3
-081.3
007.2
-061.5
-093.6
-002.6
-084.3
-091.6
-082.7
003.7
102.9
-001.0
020.0
-084.1
051.7
-097.0
-118.0
-098.2
073.1
-117.6
034.6
035.2
-104.0
-104.0
035.6
034.7
023.7
008.7
023.7
034.7
-117.6
035.9
-090.2
-090.2
-090.2
033.9
-111.9

36.0
43.0
-04.0
-04.0
32.2
31.8
34.0
34.0
35.6
15.6
30.3
35.2
29.9
29.9
51.7
10.7
41.6
51.5
33.9
42.0
27.7
32.5
05.3
50.8
47.8
37.2
32.7
28.0
34.2
26.3
33.4
47.6
31.3
31.3
30.6
30.6
15.6
31.8
38.0
49.6
38.0
31.8
47.6
32.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
55.6
40.7

305
274
0
0
2441
200
152
152
1100
335
183
2469
0
0
41
0
244
0
335
274
0
550
20
0
183
305
1500
30
2012
0
500
604
175
600
2408
2408
335
60
122
175
122
60
650
850
0
0
0
213
1311

V
V
I
V
V
V
V
V
V
I
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
I
V
V
V
I
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
I
V
I
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V

V
V

T
11

V
V

V
V
V
V
V

V
V

V
V
V
V
V

V
V
V
V
V

JD
12
2443518.454
2443518.470
2452200.148
2452200.148
2422729.565
2451637.630
2443518.459
2443518.459
2450928.561
2445852.188
2446914.565
2422729.567
2443518.464
2443518.464
2451965.232
2452525.439
2443518.483
2406044.377
2443518.469
2443134.467
2443518.471
2452880.279
2451461.971
2447682.370
2443489.142
2445763.501
2453232.558
2440742.576
2422729.585
2440742.576
2452998.024
2452732.622
2450813.137
2450813.137
2446914.588
2446914.588
2445674.147
2451108.145
2401350.248
2452083.342
2404479.192
2451403.203
2453175.692
2451462.152
2443518.489
2443518.489
2443518.489
2427602.303
2446914.624

Age

13

Lag

18.5
18.7
19.6
19.6
23.1
-40.3
18.6
18.6
-35.8
22.2
22.4
23.2
18.7
18.7
33.6
19.2
19.0
22.2
18.8
20.2
18.8
24.2
22.3
24.0
20.9
28.3
-22.5
22.2
23.6
22.2
25.6
31.1
21.1
21.1
22.9
22.9
25.5
29.6
44.8
32.0
25.1
29.2
31.8
27.5
19.1
19.1
19.1
41.9
23.8

14
61
68
46
46
55
36
60
60
37
52
57
58
57
57
68
47
68
96
60
69
56
52
47
93
76
56
61
61
58
60
56
67
60
60
59
59
52
54
39
72
58
51
85
53
59
59
59
98
70

ARCV
15

11.0
11.0
11.1
11.1
11.2
7.4
11.1
11.1
7.3
11.2
11.3
11.3
11.2
11.2
10.0
11.2
11.2
10.5
11.3
11.1
11.3
10.5
11.4
10.5
10.7
10.9
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
9.8
10.8
11.4
11.4
11.5
11.5
11.2
11.1
7.2
8.9
10.9
10.2
10.7
11.0
11.5
11.5
11.5
9.1
11.7

DAZ

16
1.1
2.8
0.7
0.7
1.6
19.1
0.7
0.7
18.7
1.0
0.2
0.9
0.2
0.2
11.7
2.4
2.6
8.4
0.7
4.7
0.7
8.8
0.8
8.8
7.6
7.9
1.4
1.0
1.1
0.5
12.2
8.9
1.9
1.9
0.1
0.1
5.8
7.5
20.8
15.4
8.4
11.5
10.0
7.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
16.3
2.6

ARCL
17

11.1
11.3
11.1
11.1
11.3
20.5
11.2
11.2
20.1
11.3
11.3
11.4
11.2
11.2
15.4
11.4
11.5
13.4
11.3
12.0
11.3
13.7
11.5
13.7
13.1
13.5
11.5
11.5
11.6
11.5
15.6
13.9
11.6
11.6
11.5
11.5
12.6
13.3
22.0
17.8
13.8
15.3
14.6
13.6
11.5
11.5
11.5
18.6
12.0

18
19
20
18
18
18
60
19
19
61
18
18
18
19
19
32
20
20
27
19
22
19
28
18
28
26
24
18
18
18
18
37
26
20
20
19
19
22
24
67
48
27
34
29
25
20
20
20
47
20

19

5.78
5.79
5.83
5.83
5.85
5.90
5.91
5.91
5.91
5.92
5.92
5.96
6.01
6.01
6.04
6.06
6.07
6.07
6.08
6.10
6.11
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.15
6.16
6.17
6.18
6.18
6.20
6.24
6.25
6.25
6.25
6.26
6.26
6.29
6.31
6.32
6.39
6.39
6.39
6.39
6.40
6.44
6.44
6.44
6.45
6.56

No.
1

R
2

E
3

Date
4

674
539
080
140
575
356
580
732
307
399
188
395
635
357
479
576
100
278
671
570
493
161
205
440
215
530
066
675
459
441
379
562
112
563
244
526
617
022
531
532
092
344
087
129
696
446
708
325
124

I
I
A
A
I
C
F
I
C
I
A
I
I
I
I
I
A
A
I
F
I
A
A
I
A
I
A
I
I
I
I
I
A
I
A
I
I
A
I
I
A
I
A
A
I
I
I
C
A

E
E
E
E
E
M
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
M
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E

18-07-2004
11-06-2002
29-05-1900
21-12-1976
03-01-2003
14-05-1999
02-02-2003
11-01-2005
25-09-1995
06-02-2000
05-12-1983
07-01-2000
24-12-2003
14-05-1999
19-08-2001
03-01-2003
04-08-1921
25-04-1990
18-06-2004
05-12-2002
17-10-2001
09-01-1978
27-08-1984
25-01-2001
21-01-1985
13-05-2002
01-07-1878
18-07-2004
24-04-2001
25-01-2001
10-10-1999
05-11-2002
25-05-1933
05-11-2002
28-04-1987
13-04-2002
27-09-2003
04-08-1864
13-05-2002
13-05-2002
01-04-1919
18-01-1999
25-08-1911
06-04-1970
15-09-2004
24-02-2001
15-10-2004
03-09-1997
05-03-1954

Observer
5
Marzani
Stamm
Johnson
Jones
Khakoo

Long
6

051.3
-111.0
-000.7
-081.3
-118.0
034.7
Mehrani
051.7
Sehbajraktarevic 018.4
018.4
Essa
039.7
Stamm
-084.1
Haque-Copilah
-061.5
Almasi
051.3
Odeh
037.1
Khakoo
-118.0
Stamm
-111.0
MacKenzie
018.5
Bortle
-073.7
Torabinejad
-081.8
Mehrani
051.4
Dukku
009.8
Ikels
-098.1
McPartlan
035.6
Hafiz
-074.0
O'Meara
-155.0
Mehrani
051.7
Schmidt
023.7
Mehrani
051.7
Kacem
003.7
Shaikh
-074.2
Saab
046.5
Hafiz
-080.3
Tshernov
033.9
Stamm
-111.0
Klemola
-122.0
Hafiz
-080.3
Kaufmann
008.7
Schmidt
023.7
Katbeh
044.4
Mohammadi
052.5
Whitmell
-001.6
Isiaq
003.4
Bougon
002.3
Penegor
-122.0
Ebrahim
018.4
Nasab
050.8
Pazhouhesh
059.2
034.7
Quigley
-088.0

Lat
7

Ele
8

N
9

B
10

35.7
32.4
38.7
29.9
33.9
31.8
32.6
43.9
-33.9
-04.0
37.2
10.0
35.7
31.7
33.9
32.4
-33.9
41.6
36.8
35.7
10.3
29.7
15.6
40.8
19.0
32.6
38.0
32.7
32.5
40.4
24.5
26.0
55.6
32.4
37.0
26.0
49.6
38.0
33.3
29.6
53.9
06.5
49.9
48.0
-33.9
36.0
32.9
31.8
44.5

1100
843
305
0
19
60
1500
950
350
0
305
45
1100
555
19
843
30
30
630
1500
600
152
335
1
4145
1500
122
1500
550
29
620
1
213
843
1494
1
175
122
40
1500
183
35
15
152
200
1100
1468
60
244

V
V
V
V
I
V
V
V
V
V
I
V
V
V
V
V
V
I
I
V
V
V
I
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
I
V
V
V
V
V
V
I
V
V
V
I
V
V
V
V
V
V
V

V
V

T
11

V
V

V
V
V
V

V
V

V
V
V

V
V
V

V
V

V
V

JD
12
2453205.183
2452437.628
2415169.327
2443134.456
2452643.558
2451312.602
2452673.110
2453382.170
2449986.218
2451581.170
2445674.451
2451551.433
2452998.083
2451312.593
2452141.624
2452643.544
2422906.192
2448007.513
2453175.559
2452614.079
2452200.228
2443518.514
2445940.180
2451935.441
2446087.695
2452408.165
2407167.265
2453205.177
2452024.286
2451935.443
2451462.125
2452584.459
2427218.295
2452584.541
2446914.647
2452378.506
2452910.235
2402088.244
2452408.182
2452408.158
2422050.307
2451197.260
2419274.303
2440683.641
2453264.213
2451965.125
2453294.082
2450695.185
2434807.513

Age

13

Lag

27.8
25.6
27.6
19.9
28.5
-35.0
26.3
27.2
22.7
25.2
36.0
26.5
27.6
-35.2
23.2
27.9
19.5
19.4
27.5
31.1
21.1
19.6
20.4
34.6
24.3
27.7
28.9
27.6
25.6
34.6
26.4
25.3
32.5
28.2
24.2
27.2
39.7
50.1
28.3
27.5
21.2
24.6
40.3
21.9
24.8
30.1
36.9
41.5
20.2

14
63
63
64
61
60
40
57
65
58
50
60
53
59
40
55
59
61
72
71
59
50
60
50
66
54
62
63
63
58
66
53
53
123
54
68
55
49
40
63
61
87
52
53
78
59
60
48
49
71

ARCV
15

11.2
11.2
10.7
11.7
10.6
8.0
11.1
9.7
11.8
11.8
10.2
11.9
10.0
8.0
10.8
10.8
11.8
11.8
11.7
10.1
11.8
11.9
11.7
11.1
11.6
11.6
10.6
11.6
11.4
11.2
11.7
10.9
11.1
10.5
12.1
11.9
7.7
7.4
11.7
11.9
11.9
12.1
8.3
12.1
12.0
11.7
9.6
10.3
12.2

DAZ

16
7.8
6.8
10.1
1.7
10.9
18.5
8.5
13.8
1.4
3.0
12.9
0.1
13.1
18.6
9.3
10.3
0.4
0.7
6.0
12.9
2.9
0.0
3.9
9.5
5.9
6.5
11.2
7.0
7.6
9.4
6.0
9.8
10.1
12.0
1.8
4.8
20.3
22.3
6.6
5.7
4.2
2.6
19.4
2.4
4.7
7.9
15.9
14.5
0.2

ARCL
17

13.6
13.1
14.7
11.8
15.1
20.2
14.0
16.8
11.9
12.2
16.4
11.9
16.4
20.3
14.3
14.9
11.8
11.8
13.1
16.4
12.2
11.9
12.3
14.7
13.0
13.3
15.4
13.5
13.7
14.7
13.2
14.7
15.0
15.9
12.2
12.9
21.7
23.5
13.5
13.2
12.6
12.4
21.1
12.3
12.9
14.1
18.5
17.8
12.2

18
25
25
31
21
33
62
27
43
21
21
37
19
41
62
31
32
21
21
23
40
22
21
23
29
24
24
35
25
27
29
24
33
30
38
21
23
70
74
25
24
24
22
64
22
24
27
51
42
23

19

6.56
6.56
6.59
6.65
6.65
6.66
6.68
6.71
6.71
6.73
6.73
6.74
6.76
6.77
6.78
6.81
6.82
6.82
6.82
6.85
6.86
6.86
6.86
6.87
6.87
6.88
6.89
6.91
6.94
6.98
6.98
7.00
7.01
7.04
7.04
7.05
7.08
7.10
7.12
7.12
7.14
7.14
7.18
7.18
7.21
7.21
7.26
7.26
7.29

No.
1

R
2

E
3

Date
4

564
717
533
354
133
641
380
698
006
078
197
652
116
534
464
447
465
448
535
645
183
636
536
685
710
709
454
568
466
366
554
001
013
136
527
588
297
141
127
577
718
449
733
423
309
180
117
280
548

I
I
I
I
A
I
I
F
A
A
A
I
A
I
I
I
I
I
I
F
A
I
I
I
I
I
F
I
I
I
F
A
A
A
I
I
C
A
A
I
I
I
I
F
A
A
A
A
I

E
E
E
E
E
E
E
M
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
M
M
E
E
M
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
M
E
E
E
E
E
M
E
E
M
E

05-11-2002
13-11-2004
13-05-2002
18-03-1999
25-04-1971
22-01-2004
10-10-1999
13-10-2004
12-03-1861
12-03-1899
02-04-1984
21-03-2004
14-05-1934
13-05-2002
22-06-2001
24-02-2001
22-06-2001
24-02-2001
13-05-2002
19-03-2004
09-07-1983
24-12-2003
13-05-2002
13-09-2004
15-10-2004
15-10-2004
24-02-2001
05-12-2002
22-06-2001
14-06-1999
07-10-2002
01-07-1859
01-01-1862
05-03-1973
13-04-2002
02-04-2003
23-02-1993
21-12-1976
24-09-1965
03-01-2003
13-11-2004
24-02-2001
11-01-2005
28-10-2000
19-01-1996
13-07-1980
14-05-1934
23-05-1990
09-08-2002

Observer
5
Fituri
Garba
Khushaish
Touma
Pence
Torabinejad
Touma
Mehrani
Schmidt
Schoch
McPartlan
Khakoo
Tshernov
Mayoof
Sehbajraktarevic
Zainal
Rahkooi
Salie
Al-Abdulmohsen
Mehrani
Stamm
Mehrani
Odeh
Stamm
Janghorban
Mehrani
Mehrani
Janghorban
Hasanzadeh
Isiaq
Mehrani
Schmidt
Schmidt
Hanford
Stamm
Khakoo
Patterson
Meuss
Ali
Dukku
Mohammadi
Mehrani
Mehrani
Stamm
Schaefer
Andreko
Bieda
Dukku

Long
6

Lat
7

Ele
8

N
9

-117.0
010.7
048.0
-006.8
-088.2
-123.1
-006.8
051.7
023.7
013.3
035.6
-118.0
033.9
050.5
018.4
102.9
046.0
018.4
049.7
051.7
-084.1
051.7
035.8
-111.0
051.7
051.6
051.7
051.7
051.3
003.4
051.7
023.7
022.9
-085.0
-111.0
-118.2
018.4
-122.5
005.3
-061.3
009.8
052.5
051.6
051.7
-111.0
-070.7
036.2
-110.5
009.8

32.0
13.7
29.4
34.0
39.5
41.8
34.0
32.7
38.0
52.5
15.6
33.9
55.6
26.2
43.9
05.3
38.2
-33.9
25.3
32.7
37.2
32.7
31.9
32.4
32.6
32.6
32.6
32.6
35.7
06.5
32.5
38.0
37.9
40.0
32.4
33.8
-34.0
37.6
51.1
10.4
10.3
29.6
32.6
32.6
32.4
41.4
50.0
31.6
10.3

100
580
30
50
183
1400
50
1500
122
61
335
19
213
4
630
20
1400
200
10
1500
305
1500
939
842
1500
1500
1500
1500
1100
35
1500
122
122
305
843
0
60
0
30
20
600
1500
1500
1500
853
0
122
1372
600

V
V
V
V
V
V
V
I
V
V
I
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V

B
10

T
11

V
V
V
I

V
V
V

V
V
V
V
V
V

V
V

V
V
V

V
V

JD
12
2452584.556
2453323.218
2452408.167
2451256.294
2441067.552
2453027.578
2451462.269
2453291.585
2400847.208
2414726.239
2445793.178
2453086.606
2427572.280
2452408.155
2452083.299
2451964.990
2452083.209
2451965.248
2452408.156
2453083.593
2445524.910
2452998.088
2452408.208
2453262.024
2453294.103
2453294.103
2451965.125
2452614.084
2452083.188
2451344.268
2452555.112
2400227.266
2401142.162
2441747.507
2452378.600
2452732.612
2449042.242
2443134.561
2439027.701
2452643.432
2453323.224
2451965.124
2453382.099
2451846.097
2450102.077
2444434.529
2427572.250
2448034.990
2452496.257

Age

13

Lag

28.8
25.3
27.8
22.7
20.4
28.0
32.0
-23.1
25.5
20.8
26.4
26.1
29.0
27.5
30.7
25.5
27.8
35.3
27.5
-44.2
-25.0
27.7
29.2
-24.1
37.4
37.4
30.1
31.2
27.2
22.0
26.7
26.4
24.6
22.5
30.6
31.2
52.0
22.0
-21.3
24.2
25.4
30.1
24.8
31.3
-21.9
42.6
28.1
-23.1
21.9

14
55
51
61
58
71
66
57
60
64
83
53
60
119
60
71
52
67
57
60
39
69
61
64
62
49
49
60
60
66
54
54
67
71
68
61
62
39
72
84
57
53
59
63
60
65
59
100
65
55

ARCV
15

10.6
11.2
12.0
11.8
12.2
10.7
11.5
12.3
12.4
12.3
12.4
12.2
11.7
12.2
10.3
12.5
11.0
11.4
12.3
7.8
11.6
10.8
12.1
12.5
9.8
9.8
12.1
10.9
11.3
12.2
11.1
11.2
12.1
12.6
12.3
12.5
7.9
12.5
12.6
12.6
11.9
12.5
11.5
12.0
12.4
9.7
12.5
12.2
12.7

DAZ

16
12.1
9.6
5.6
6.5
0.3
12.2
9.4
0.0
1.6
1.6
1.9
4.8
8.6
4.7
13.7
0.7
11.4
10.4
4.5
21.5
9.0
12.4
6.4
1.9
16.1
16.1
7.1
12.2
10.6
4.8
11.4
11.0
6.4
1.0
6.5
5.7
22.7
4.4
1.6
4.6
8.9
6.4
10.7
9.2
5.8
18.0
6.6
7.6
2.4

ARCL
17

16.1
14.8
13.2
13.4
12.2
16.2
14.8
12.3
12.5
12.4
12.5
13.1
14.5
13.1
17.1
12.5
15.8
15.5
13.1
22.8
14.6
16.4
13.7
12.7
18.8
18.8
14.1
16.4
15.5
13.1
15.9
15.7
13.7
12.6
13.9
13.7
24.0
13.2
12.7
13.4
14.8
14.0
15.7
15.1
13.6
20.4
14.1
14.3
13.0

18
39
33
24
27
22
39
30
22
21
23
21
24
29
24
44
21
37
33
24
74
32
41
26
22
52
52
27
40
36
26
39
37
28
23
26
25
77
26
24
26
33
27
38
32
28
58
27
31
25

19

7.29
7.30
7.32
7.32
7.33
7.33
7.35
7.36
7.37
7.38
7.40
7.41
7.45
7.45
7.46
7.47
7.48
7.51
7.54
7.54
7.59
7.62
7.62
7.63
7.63
7.64
7.66
7.67
7.71
7.71
7.73
7.74
7.76
7.77
7.78
7.87
7.88
7.91
7.94
7.98
7.99
8.00
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.07
8.09
8.11
8.12

No.
1

R
2

E
3

Date
4

711
126
467
504
214
410
029
734
104
450
123
642
451
452
569
411
262
090
735
068
460
461
736
453
581
043
091
294
505
120
494
209
719
537
132
468
027
018
279
495
541
182
118
506
082
358
712
107
611

I
A
I
I
A
I
A
I
A
I
A
I
I
I
I
I
A
A
I
A
I
I
I
I
F
A
A
A
I
A
I
A
I
I
A
I
A
A
A
I
F
A
A
I
A
I
I
A
F

E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
M
E
E
M
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
M

15-10-2004
05-04-1962
22-06-2001
16-11-2001
23-12-1984
03-06-2000
24-07-1865
11-01-2005
28-02-1922
24-02-2001
14-04-1953
22-01-2004
24-02-2001
24-02-2001
05-12-2002
03-06-2000
06-04-1989
03-04-1916
11-01-2005
27-10-1878
24-04-2001
24-04-2001
11-01-2005
24-02-2001
01-03-2003
17-08-1871
13-03-1918
07-09-1991
16-11-2001
04-02-1935
17-10-2001
25-10-1984
13-11-2004
13-05-2002
27-03-1971
22-06-2001
26-04-1865
08-02-1864
25-04-1990
17-10-2001
11-07-2002
24-04-1982
14-05-1934
16-11-2001
03-02-1908
16-05-1999
15-10-2004
28-04-1922
25-09-2003

Observer
5
Amirzadeh
Thackeray
Mehrani
Mehrani
McPartlan
Mehrani
Schmidt
Amirzadeh
MacKenzie
Gharaybeh
Meuss
Hafiz
Ashi
Odeh
Odeh
Katbeh
Shore
Schoch
Aram
Schmidt
Lukuman
Alabi
Zamani
Salih
Mehrani
Schmidt
Schoch
Hedges
Mohammadi
Loreta
Khakoo
McPartlan
Lukuman
Kacem
Odeh
Schmidt
Johnson
Jones
Fituri
Mehrani
Stamm
Loreta
Al-Muhammad
Henderson
Katbeh
Kacem
MacKenzie
Mehrani

Long
6

Lat
7

Ele
8

N
9

B
10

T
11

057.1
-028.2
051.7
051.7
035.6
051.7
023.7
057.1
018.5
035.9
005.3
-080.3
035.8
035.8
035.9
044.4
-107.2
008.7
062.4
023.7
003.4
003.4
052.5
073.3
051.7
023.7
005.1
-004.4
052.5
005.1
-118.0
035.6
003.4
003.7
000.0
035.8
023.7
-002.3
-121.5
-117.0
051.7
-084.1
005.1
050.0
-003.2
044.4
003.7
018.5
051.7

30.2
-25.8
32.6
32.6
15.6
32.6
38.0
30.3
-33.9
32.6
51.1
26.0
31.9
31.9
32.0
33.3
34.0
49.4
27.3
38.0
06.5
06.5
29.5
04.1
32.6
38.0
50.2
50.4
29.6
48.2
33.9
15.6
06.5
32.5
51.0
31.9
38.0
53.5
37.7
32.0
32.6
37.2
48.2
26.6
56.0
33.3
32.5
-33.9
32.6

1800
1372
1500
1500
335
1500
122
1780
30
500
30
1
939
939
974
40
3018
213
1195
122
35
35
1570
1
1800
122
91
122
1500
244
19
335
35
550
30
939
122
183
61
100
1500
305
244
10
0
40
550
30
1800

V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
I
I
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V

V
V
V
V

V
V
V

V
V
V
V

V
V
V

V
V

V
V

JD
12
2453294.090
2437760.346
2452083.181
2452230.088
2446058.154
2451699.175
2402442.253
2453382.087
2423114.241
2451965.167
2434482.302
2453027.475
2451965.169
2451965.169
2452614.129
2451699.193
2447623.592
2420957.278
2453382.076
2407285.163
2452024.264
2452024.264
2453382.101
2451965.073
2452699.607
2404657.241
2421666.264
2448506.710
2452230.089
2427838.225
2452200.571
2445999.152
2453323.244
2452408.299
2441038.295
2452083.224
2402353.239
2401910.244
2448007.643
2452200.571
2452467.182
2445084.537
2427572.333
2452230.096
2417975.229
2451315.185
2453294.236
2423173.194
2452907.573

Age

13

Lag

37.1
23.4
27.0
32.8
26.5
26.5
46.8
24.5
46.3
31.8
22.0
24.6
31.9
31.9
32.8
27.0
21.5
24.7
24.1
41.3
25.1
25.1
24.8
28.3
-46.9
36.5
21.3
-28.9
32.8
23.5
31.1
26.4
26.0
32.8
22.4
28.2
25.9
22.4
21.8
31.1
29.0
26.9
30.7
33.1
33.3
26.9
39.9
37.3
-23.7

14
51
56
66
62
59
64
46
63
49
62
93
61
62
62
63
65
67
87
62
45
56
56
64
55
45
63
86
80
63
85
60
56
56
69
90
69
71
97
77
61
70
69
102
63
95
66
54
65
68

ARCV
15

10.4
12.3
11.9
11.7
12.4
11.6
8.5
11.8
9.9
12.6
12.9
12.3
12.7
12.7
11.5
11.8
13.1
13.2
12.2
7.9
13.2
13.2
12.1
13.4
8.9
11.8
13.2
12.0
12.3
13.0
12.0
12.7
12.7
13.1
13.4
12.5
12.9
13.4
13.5
12.4
12.8
12.7
13.4
12.9
11.2
12.4
10.7
12.7
13.8

DAZ

16
15.5
7.3
9.7
10.9
7.2
10.7
21.8
10.1
18.2
7.2
3.0
8.1
7.1
7.1
12.5
10.9
1.1
1.9
9.3
22.8
1.2
1.2
9.9
0.1
21.7
12.7
1.6
11.2
10.2
5.4
11.8
8.3
8.1
6.9
2.9
9.9
8.0
4.1
0.5
11.3
9.4
9.8
6.8
9.6
15.6
11.2
17.6
11.2
2.3

ARCL
17

18.6
14.3
15.3
16.0
14.3
15.8
23.4
15.5
20.7
14.5
13.2
14.7
14.5
14.5
17.0
16.1
13.1
13.3
15.3
24.1
13.3
13.3
15.7
13.4
23.4
17.3
13.3
16.4
16.0
14.0
16.8
15.1
15.1
14.8
13.7
15.9
15.1
14.0
13.6
16.7
15.9
16.0
15.0
16.1
19.2
16.7
20.6
16.9
14.0

18
51
31
35
37
29
38
75
37
58
29
26
32
29
29
42
39
26
25
36
86
25
25
37
24
76
42
27
40
37
30
42
35
34
31
29
38
34
30
28
41
37
38
31
37
56
43
62
40
29

19

8.13
8.18
8.20
8.20
8.20
8.23
8.24
8.25
8.25
8.28
8.31
8.35
8.40
8.40
8.49
8.51
8.51
8.52
8.54
8.59
8.62
8.62
8.67
8.68
8.70
8.73
8.74
8.78
8.81
8.81
8.88
8.92
8.92
8.95
9.06
9.07
9.10
9.19
9.20
9.26
9.27
9.29
9.31
9.36
9.41
9.44
9.44
9.44
9.50

No.
1

R
2

E
3

Date
4

684
086
469
063
346
729
359
042
644
034
046
061
442
289
496
360
497
115
604
355
084
470
052
632
261
601
662
044
191
023
361
050
054
618
673
401
030
474
513
014
245
005
067
125
584
362
676
402
057

F
A
I
A
C
F
I
A
F
A
A
A
I
A
I
I
I
A
F
I
A
I
A
F
A
F
F
A
A
A
I
A
A
F
F
I
A
I
I
A
A
A
A
A
F
I
I
F
A

E
E
E
E
M
M
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
M
M
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
M
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E

17-08-2004
27-06-1911
22-06-2001
06-12-1877
16-03-1999
09-01-2005
16-05-1999
19-06-1871
21-02-2004
27-11-1867
04-09-1872
12-06-1877
25-01-2001
18-12-1990
17-10-2001
16-05-1999
17-10-2001
16-03-1934
30-07-2003
18-03-1999
21-02-1909
22-06-2001
27-05-1873
22-12-2003
04-04-1989
01-06-2003
20-05-2004
07-06-1872
04-01-1984
03-09-1864
16-05-1999
31-12-1872
17-04-1874
27-09-2003
16-07-2004
07-03-2000
21-10-1865
21-07-2001
14-01-2002
31-03-1862
28-05-1987
20-06-1860
31-07-1878
17-01-1961
04-03-2003
16-05-1999
18-07-2004
07-03-2000
26-02-1876

Observer
5
Mehrani
Bougon
Saab
Schmidt
Mehrani
Mohammadi
Schmidt
Mehrani
Schmidt
Schmidt
Schmidt
Khakoo
Schaefer
Haque-Copilah
Murad
S.Hafiz
Tshernov
Mehrani
Durrani
Gheury
Kacem
Schmidt
Mehrani
Hannigan
Mehrani
Mehrani
Schmidt
McPartlan
Schmidt
Salie
Schmidt
Schmidt
Mehrani
Mehrani
Bahali
Schmidt
Fituri
Hafiz
Schmidt
Schaefer
Schmidt
Schmidt
McClure
Mehrani
Touma
Khakoo
Mehrani
Schmidt

Long
6

Lat
7

Ele
8

N
9

050.3
002.3
046.5
023.7
034.7
051.6
052.5
023.7
051.7
023.7
023.7
023.7
-118.2
-076.8
-061.5
035.8
-057.4
033.9
051.7
-087.9
000.0
003.7
023.7
051.7
-088.7
051.7
051.7
023.7
035.6
023.7
018.4
023.7
023.7
051.7
051.7
102.4
023.7
-117.0
-103.3
023.7
-105.5
023.7
023.7
-118.3
051.6
-006.8
-118.2
051.7
023.7

36.1
49.9
24.6
38.0
31.8
32.6
29.6
38.0
32.7
38.0
38.0
38.0
34.1
39.0
10.0
31.9
06.3
55.6
32.6
43.0
51.1
32.5
38.0
32.7
41.9
32.6
32.7
38.0
15.6
38.0
-33.9
38.0
38.0
32.7
32.7
02.3
38.0
32.0
20.7
38.0
39.2
38.0
38.0
34.0
32.6
34.0
34.1
32.6
38.0

7700
15
620
122
60
1500
1500
122
1500
122
122
122
94
79
45
939
0
213
1500
194
30
550
122
1500
253
1500
1500
122
335
122
200
122
122
1500
1500
37
122
100
1500
122
1981
122
122
305
1500
50
94
1500
122

V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V

B
10

V
V
V

V
V
V
V
V
V

V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
I
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V

V
V

V
V
V

T
11

JD
12
2453235.174
2419215.367
2452083.180
2406960.152
2451253.643
2453379.626
2451315.161
2404598.269
2453057.125
2403298.155
2405041.222
2406783.269
2451935.577
2448244.433
2452200.427
2451315.210
2452200.417
2427513.194
2452851.175
2451256.526
2418359.254
2452083.315
2405306.263
2452995.619
2447620.961
2452792.180
2453146.175
2404952.268
2445704.161
2402118.219
2451315.187
2405159.162
2405631.236
2452910.123
2453202.536
2451610.995
2402531.175
2452112.643
2452289.549
2401231.226
2446944.633
2400582.270
2407197.252
2437317.575
2452703.134
2451315.331
2453205.653
2451611.135
2406311.204

Age

13

Lag

40.3
31.0
26.9
41.6
-40.4
-34.5
26.2
41.0
28.7
36.2
41.5
26.5
37.9
41.8
25.5
27.6
25.1
27.2
34.5
28.8
31.0
31.5
33.4
-31.6
-41.4
37.5
36.7
40.2
36.4
61.0
28.2
34.5
26.2
37.5
-35.8
30.5
46.8
31.9
37.3
34.3
37.2
38.5
44.4
27.2
37.7
31.9
41.4
34.9
35.5

14
63
97
67
69
52
64
65
77
67
77
63
84
72
78
59
68
59
105
70
76
86
74
86
74
56
81
82
85
68
49
74
78
80
61
84
62
69
72
71
83
98
82
58
81
75
76
79
75
82

ARCV
15

12.0
11.6
13.3
11.1
10.6
11.3
12.8
12.8
13.6
13.5
12.2
13.5
13.7
12.8
14.1
13.0
14.2
14.2
13.4
13.5
12.6
13.4
14.1
13.4
10.2
14.5
14.7
14.0
14.6
9.5
13.9
12.7
14.5
12.5
15.0
15.1
12.7
13.7
15.1
15.5
15.2
13.7
10.8
15.3
15.4
14.1
14.6
15.4
15.7

DAZ

16
14.2
14.5
7.5
17.4
18.3
16.0
10.2
12.0
7.1
8.7
14.7
7.7
8.4
13.3
4.3
11.1
3.3
4.8
10.5
9.7
13.6
10.8
7.7
11.2
21.2
6.8
4.7
10.3
5.8
25.0
9.2
14.4
4.9
15.6
4.2
1.4
16.9
12.0
6.1
0.1
6.8
13.8
22.3
4.4
7.2
12.4
11.6
7.3
5.0

ARCL
17

18.6
18.6
15.2
20.7
21.2
19.5
16.4
17.6
15.3
16.1
19.1
15.5
16.0
18.4
14.7
17.1
14.6
15.0
17.1
16.6
18.5
17.2
16.1
17.5
23.5
16.0
15.5
17.3
15.7
26.7
16.7
19.2
15.3
19.9
15.5
15.2
21.1
18.2
16.3
15.5
16.7
19.4
24.8
15.9
17.0
18.7
18.7
17.0
16.4

18
48
52
35
59
65
58
41
42
34
35
50
36
35
46
32
44
31
33
42
41
52
44
36
46
84
35
32
41
34
95
42
56
36
59
33
33
60
50
36
33
38
55
91
39
39
53
48
41
38

19

9.50
9.51
9.56
9.60
9.62
9.62
9.63
9.76
9.79
9.81
9.85
9.87
9.92
10.03
10.07
10.14
10.14
10.28
10.36
10.39
10.49
10.52
10.53
10.75
10.75
10.77
10.78
10.79
10.83
10.86
10.87
10.88
10.90
10.94
11.02
11.26
11.28
11.39
11.56
11.64
11.79
11.84
11.87
11.96
12.04
12.05
12.07
12.22
12.29

No.
1

R
2

E
3

Date
4

204
295
059
110
012
219
008
728
200
114
363
049
631
024
121
462
060
056
075
637
025
193
111
686
409
540
271
062
065
032
287
017
653
713
011
186
208
004
619
021
203
213
026
064
196
273
292
019
035

A
A
A
A
A
A
A
F
A
A
I
A
F
A
A
F
A
A
A
F
A
A
A
F
F
F
A
A
A
A
A
A
F
F
A
A
A
A
F
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A

E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
M
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
M
M
E
E
E
M
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
M
E
E
E
E
M
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E

29-07-1984
05-03-1992
22-07-1876
07-04-1932
03-12-1861
05-10-1986
08-08-1861
13-12-2004
02-05-1984
18-09-1933
16-05-1999
04-10-1872
25-11-2003
01-11-1864
04-04-1935
24-05-2001
16-03-1877
04-07-1875
10-01-1880
20-01-2004
28-01-1865
03-02-1984
27-03-1933
13-09-2004
05-05-2000
12-06-2002
04-07-1989
07-11-1877
02-06-1878
16-04-1866
19-11-1990
10-01-1864
22-03-2004
11-11-2004
04-11-1861
06-11-1983
26-09-1984
23-02-1860
24-10-2003
06-06-1864
30-06-1984
24-11-1984
28-03-1865
05-01-1878
04-03-1984
02-10-1989
17-03-1991
09-03-1864
22-06-1868

Observer
5
McPartian
Schaefer
Schmidt
Andreko
Schmidt
Schaefer
Schmidt
Mehrani
McPartian
Danjon
Farooq
Schmidt
Mehrani
Schmidt
Loreta
Mehrani
Schmidt
Schmidt
Mommsen
Mehrani
Schmidt
McPartian
Danjon
Mehrani
Mehrani
Mehrani
Harlan
Schmidt
Schmidt
Schmidt
Schaefer
Schmidt
Mehrani
Mehrani
Schmidt
McPartian
McPartian
Schmidt
Mehrani
Schmidt
McPartian
McPartlan
Schmidt
Schmidt
McPartian
Schaefer
Schaefer
Schmidt
Schmidt

Long
6

Lat
7

Ele
8

N
9

035.6
-076.8
023.7
036.2
023.7
-073.2
023.7
051.6
035.6
007.7
-079.9
023.7
051.7
023.7
005.1
051.7
023.7
023.7
023.7
051.7
023.7
035.6
007.7
050.0
051.7
051.7
-121.6
023.7
023.7
023.7
-076.8
023.7
051.6
051.6
023.7
035.6
035.6
023.7
051.7
023.7
035.6
035.6
023.7
023.7
035.6
-108.8
-076.8
023.7
023.7

15.6
39.0
38.0
50.0
38.0
40.8
38.0
32.6
15.6
48.6
43.3
38.0
32.7
38.0
48.2
32.6
38.0
38.0
38.0
32.7
38.0
15.6
48.6
33.3
32.6
32.6
37.4
38.0
38.0
38.0
39.0
38.0
32.6
32.6
38.0
15.6
15.6
38.0
32.6
38.0
15.6
15.6
38.0
38.0
15.6
36.1
39.0
38.0
38.0

335
79
122
122
122
30
122
1500
335
122
88
122
1500
122
244
1500
122
122
122
1500
122
335
122
2300
1500
1500
1283
122
122
122
79
122
1500
1500
122
335
335
122
1800
122
335
335
122
122
335
1981
79
122
122

V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V

B
10

V
V

V
V

V
V

T
11

JD
12
2445911.197
2448687.489
2406458.262
2426805.213
2401113.157
2446709.455
2400996.245
2453353.091
2445823.189
2427333.682
2451315.555
2405071.192
2452969.090
2402177.169
2427897.295
2452054.179
2406695.220
2406074.275
2407724.709
2453024.620
2402265.186
2445734.176
2427159.281
2453261.565
2451670.169
2452438.188
2447712.679
2406931.163
2407138.272
2402708.240
2448215.438
2401881.175
2453087.148
2453320.591
2401084.167
2445645.157
2445970.172
2400464.208
2452936.579
2402029.270
2445882.205
2446029.157
2402324.231
2406990.174
2445764.185
2447802.566
2448333.505
2401940.220
2403506.277

Age

13

Lag

27.6
35.2
38.9
40.1
38.5
51.7
52.2
38.0
38.2
-38.5
38.2
48.2
39.9
47.5
30.1
38.8
39.1
38.6
-41.7
-42.2
31.0
41.1
39.7
-37.9
37.0
41.6
46.6
56.4
41.5
35.5
62.7
33.4
41.1
-37.4
47.0
41.7
38.5
44.3
-36.0
54.0
39.2
41.3
36.9
48.5
44.8
75.2
40.3
38.1
50.5

14
70
85
74
110
85
58
52
79
75
102
89
70
78
80
110
88
92
94
87
78
94
78
113
90
87
95
89
73
106
93
87
103
90
94
80
82
76
103
96
95
91
87
103
110
86
68
111
108
101

ARCV
15

15.5
16.0
13.1
16.3
14.2
10.2
9.8
14.0
16.9
16.1
14.1
13.3
14.0
14.3
16.9
16.2
17.5
15.7
14.3
14.0
17.3
17.7
17.7
17.9
16.7
16.9
15.4
12.2
17.3
17.2
14.2
18.2
18.6
18.6
13.6
18.2
17.9
19.8
19.5
16.4
19.4
18.6
19.4
18.8
20.4
12.7
20.7
20.7
17.4

DAZ

16
5.1
0.5
17.0
6.2
15.5
26.3
27.3
16.5
1.0
9.2
16.9
20.1
17.9
18.2
3.7
10.9
1.8
13.8
18.3
19.3
2.3
4.0
5.0
0.7
11.1
11.0
18.1
26.5
10.6
10.0
23.5
4.9
5.2
4.9
24.4
10.2
11.5
2.0
0.4
20.9
5.1
11.5
5.9
13.0
1.7
32.0
0.9
2.3
24.1

ARCL
17

16.4
16.0
21.4
17.4
21.0
28.2
29.0
21.6
16.9
18.5
21.9
24.1
22.7
23.1
17.3
19.5
17.6
20.9
23.2
23.8
17.5
18.1
18.4
17.9
20.0
20.1
23.7
29.2
20.2
19.8
27.4
18.8
19.3
19.2
27.9
20.9
21.2
19.9
19.5
26.5
20.1
21.8
20.3
22.9
20.4
34.3
20.7
20.8
29.6

18
40
35
69
41
66
116
122
70
40
48
73
81
78
74
44
56
43
64
81
85
46
44
46
45
60
58
79
119
58
60
100
54
51
54
116
62
68
53
57
95
59
69
62
71
56
155
62
65
131

19

12.32
12.37
12.40
13.10
13.20
13.32
13.32
13.40
13.64
13.65
13.67
13.68
14.00
14.04
14.08
14.38
14.59
14.59
14.61
14.62
14.64
14.85
14.99
15.11
15.18
15.22808
15.50
15.54
15.65
15.69
15.96
16.20
16.32
16.58
16.70
16.93
17.12
17.69
17.80
17.81
17.87
17.90
18.16
18.27
18.54
18.77
19.45
19.59
21.54

No.
1

R
2

E
3

Date
4

069
293
198
009
202
206
070
071
210
074
073
047
072
037

A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A

E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
M
M
E
M

26-11-1878
15-05-1991
03-04-1984
07-09-1861
01-06-1984
28-08-1984
23-05-1879
22-06-1879
26-10-1984
15-12-1879
11-12-1879
30-09-1872
22-07-1879
25-07-1870

Observer
5
Schmidt
Schaefer
McPartian
Schmidt
McPartlan
McPartian
Schmidt
Schmidt
McPartian
Mommsen
Mommsen
Schmidt
Schmidt
Schmidt

Long
6

Lat
7

Ele
8

N
9

023.7
-076.8
035.6
023.7
035.6
035.6
023.7
023.7
035.6
023.7
023.7
023.7
023.7
023.7

38.0
39.0
15.6
38.0
15.6
15.6
38.0
38.0
15.6
38.0
38.0
38.0
38.0
38.0

122
79
335
122
335
335
122
122
335
122
122
122
122
122

V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V

B
10

T
11

JD
12
2407315.166
2448392.551
2445794.193
2401026.221
2445853.207
2445941.193
2407493.277
2407523.283
2446000.167
2407699.175
2407694.683
2405066.633
2407553.270
2404268.585

Age

13

Lag

55.8
44.2
50.7
67.4
46.7
44.8
62.1
69.8
50.8
52.9
-54.9
-61.2
82.4
-81.5

14
110
134
101
68
112
96
138
121
107
140
146
149
99
174

ARCV
15

17.9
22.1
23.6
12.7
23.8
22.5
23.1
20.8
23.8
23.5
24.3
28.3
18.1
30.1

DAZ

16
24.2
12.3
0.2
36.5
3.7
13.6
15.0
26.6
16.7
18.5
20.5
2.5
37.8
26.2

ARCL
17

30.0
25.2
23.6
38.6
24.1
26.3
27.5
33.6
29.0
29.8
31.7
28.4
41.8
39.7

18
129
96
76
217
83
104
103
156
123
131
150
109
244
211

19

21.98
23.53
23.54
23.62
24.27
24.63
25.17
26.93
27.41
27.66
29.96
30.82
31.39
40.54

7 YOUNGEST CRESCENT OBSERVATIONS

7.1 Topocentric Age
From Table 6 the youngest crescent seen by optical aid is Stamm #310 detection at a topocentric age of 13 hr.
14 min. Running a close second is Mirsaeed #549 observation with 13 hr. 18 min. With the naked eye, the
youngest crescent detected is at 15 hr. 33 min. from Pierce #274.
Stamm's observation:Geocentric new moon: 20 January 1996, at 12:50 UT.
Topocentric new moon: 20 January 1996, at 11:43 UT.
First visibility: 21 January 1996, at 00:57 UT.
Geocentric age: 12:07.
Topocentric age: 13:14.
Mirsaeed's observation:Geocentric new moon: 07 September 2002, at 03:10 UT.
Topocentric new moon: 07 September 2002, at 01:29 UT.
First visibility: 07 September 2002, at 14:47 UT.
Geocentric age: 11:37.
Topocentric age: 13:18.
Pierces observation:Geocentric new moon: 25 February 1990, at 08:54 UT.
Topocentric new moon: 25 February 1990, at 08:22 UT.
First visibility: 25 February 1990, at 23:55 UT.
Geocentric age: 15:01.
Topocentric age: 15:33.
7.2 Lag Time
Minimum crescent lag time is respectively 21 min. with optical aid (Stamm #737) and 29 min. with the naked
eye (Ashdod #286).
7.3 Topocentric ARCL (Elongation)
The minimum elongation crescent seen by optical aid is 6.4 degrees (Stamm #697, at the time of last visibility
at 13:09 UT); for naked eye observations this is 7.7 degrees (Pierce #274, at the time of first visibility at 23:55
UT.).
8 DANJON LIMIT
Danjon (1936) found that no crescent can be seen when the Moon is less than 7 degrees from the Sun, because
the arc length of the crescent is then zero. He attibuted this effect to the shadow of the lunar mountains.
McNally (1983) found a Danjon limit of 5 degrees and explained it by atmospheric turbulence (seeing) effects.
Schaefer (1991) found that a Danjon limit of 7 degrees and showed that in that configuration the Moon
brightness per unit length of lies actually below the eye's detection threshold. From our large database, we find
a Danjon limit of 6.4 degrees from observation #697.

CONCLUSION
Based on a large database combining historical sightings plus our own observations in the frame of the ICOP
project, we have derived an accurate criterion for crescent visibility prediction either by the naked eye or with
optical aid.
The crescent width is a good parameter to describe the intrinsic crescent brightness, in contrast to the age of the
Moon, as is the arc of vision to include the effect of atmospheric extinction, and hence estimate the apparent
crescent brightness.
The Islamic Crescent Observation Project (ICOP) has been a vital contributor in crescent sighting, with more
sightings done in 6 years than all combined observations from the year 1859 to 2000! Also, having several
observers in different locations, especially those at high latitudes and altitudes did indeed provide very valuable
additional information on crescent visibility.
The best Danjon limit by optical aid is 6.4 degrees.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Id like to deeply thank ICOP members who participated seriously in the project, and made this large database
available for establishing an accurate crescent visibility prediction criterion.
REFERENCES
Caldwell J., Laney C., 2001. First visibility of the lunar crescent. SAAO, African Skies 5.
Danjon A., 1936. LAstronomie, 50, 2.
Doggett L., Schaefer B., 1994. Lunar crescent visibility. ICARUS 107, 388-403.
Ilyas M., 1994. Lunar Crescent Visibility and Islamic Calendar. QJRAS. 35,425-461.
McNally D., 1983. The Length of the Lunar Crescent. QJRAS. 24, 417
Schaefer B., 1988. Visibility of the lunar crescent. QJRAS. 29, 511-523.
Schaefer B., 1991. Length of the Lunar Crescent. QJRAS. 32, 265-277.
Schaefer B., 1996. Lunar crescent visibility. QJRAS. 37, 759-768.
Yallop B., 1997. A Method for Predicting the First Sighting of the New Crescent Moon. RGO NAO Technical
Note No 69.