Workshop Capacita 2013 H Zucolotto Mdulo 1

www.nanomedicina.com.
br
Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto
zuco@ifsc.usp.br
Capacitao em Escrita Cientfica
Mdulo 1
Grupo de Nanomedicina e Nanotoxicologia
Instituto de Fsica de So Carlos, USP
USP, 2013
Organizao: Pr-Reitoria de Pesquisa - USP
www.nanomedicina.com.br
zuco@ifsc.usp.br
Workshop Outline
Modulo 1: O Gnero Literrio
Sees de Um Artigo Cientfico
Mdulo 2: Estrutura 1: Abstract
Mdulo 3: Estrutura 2: Introduction
Mdulo 4: Estrutura 3: Results and Discussion, Conclusion
Mdulo 5: Estilo
Linguagem 1: Especificidade, Complexidade e Ambiguidade
Mdulo 6: Linguagem 2: Redundncias, Ao no Verbo, Fluidez de
Texto, Ritmo de Escrita
Mdulo 7: Linguagem 3: Plain English, Escrever em Ingls, Preposies
Mdulo 8: Linguagem 4: Topic Sentences, Cover Letters, Final Remarks
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Mdulo 1
O Gnero Literrio
Estrutura 1
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Why?, What?, When?....
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Why to Publish??
Publication is one of the most important steps
of the scientists work
What do scientists do?
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What do we Publish?
Scientists Publish Ideas, not results!!
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Scientific Method /
Hypothesis testing
When to Publish?
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When to Publish?
When the initial
question/problem/hypothesis
had been answered/solved/tested !!!!!!
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It is all about Timing
-Distinct time scales for distinct areas;
-Depends on the type of research:
When to Publish?
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Publishing Ideas
Ideas
Implementation of the Research
Results
Ideas
New Ideas?
Output

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Interesting.
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In 2011: 2 cars were fabricated every second
http://www.worldometers.info
Think about it
2013: A newscientific paper is published every
20 s
Science, 2013
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1.
General Considerations
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Lesson Zero
Scientific writing as a new Literary
Genre
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In the very beginning.
Informal Letters exchanged by scientists.
A bit of History
1665: Creation of the first scientific periodical: The
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society.
This new arena for discussion led to the development of
a new genre:
The Scientific Report
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The main characteristics
of Scientific Writing
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1. Audience
Who will read your paper?
Highly technical journal vs. less specific ones.
What terms will you have to define?
Background information included
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2. Clarity and Conciseness
Report your results clearly
Use as few words as necessary
Save words!!
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3. References
All information or ideas must
be referenced!
Including your own work
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Provide the reader with your most important
findings/contributions since the very
beginning
4. No Room for Suspense
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2.
Sections of a Regular Paper
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Types of Scientific Publications
Thesis
Encyclopedias
Research
Articles
Short
Communicati
ons/Letters
Books
Regular
Papers
Reviews
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General
Specific
Adapted from: Hill et al., Teaching ESL students to read and write
experimental papers, TESOLQuarterly, 16: 333, 1982:
Organization of a paper
General
Methodology
Results
Discussion
Introduction
Conclusions
Abstract
References
Title, Authors and Affiliations
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A good Title describes the contents of the
paper
Function: to attract readers attention
Use specific words strongly associated with
the outcome of the paper: Keywords
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A well-written Title is concise and clear:
Use the minimumnumber of words.
Rewrite the title in the final version of the paper.
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Executive hubris: the case of a bank CEO
Niamh M. Brennan, J ohn P. Conroy, Accounting, Auditing & Accountability
J ournal, Vol. 26 Iss: 2, pp.172 195 (2013)
Too general??
Example 1:
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Can self-managed superannuation fund
trustees earn the equity risk premium?
Peter J . Phillips, Michael Baczynski, J ohn Teale, Accounting Research J ournal, Vol. 22 Iss: 1,
pp.27 45, 2009
Example 2:
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Commitment to business ethics in UK
organizations
Georgina Whyatt, Greg Wood, Michael Callaghan, European Business Review, Vol. 24 Iss: 4,
pp.331 350, 2012.
Example 3:
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The effect of forest land use on the cost of drinking
water supply: A spatial econometric analysis
Example 4:
Ecological Economics, 92, 126136, 2013
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An Useful Strategy
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Forest land use negatively impacts the cost of drinking
water supply: A spatial econometric analysis
Example 5:
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Forest land use raises the cost of drinking water supply
Example 6:
!!!!!!
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Forest land use raises the cost of drinking water supply
in Southern California
Example 7:
!!!!!!
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Title:
Metal-Polymer nanocomplexes induce spontaneous
regression of lung tumors
Emphasize your key findings whenever possible
Title:
NLRP6 negatively regulates innate immunity and host
defence against bacterial pathogens
Arnand et al.,. Nature, 2012, doi:10.1038/nature11250
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Title 3: Tissue expression of MRP-8-related nucleotide: a calcium-
binding protein of the S100 protein family, in the human placenta as
revealedby non-radioactive in situ hybridizationtechnique.
Title 4: Expression of the S100-related MRP8 gene in
human placenta tissue.
Better!!
Too wordy!!
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Factors influencing accountants' behavioural intentions
to use and actual usage of enterprise resource planning
systems in a global development agency
Philmore Alleyne, Marcia Lavine, J ournal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, Vol. 11 Iss:
2, pp.179 200, 2013.
Example 8:
Wordy ????
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The following phrases do not add any useful
information:
Be concise:
A Report of a Case of...
The Treatment of...
A Study of...
The Effects of...
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Who are the authors of a paper?
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Guidelines to define authorship:
All authors must be able to present/discuss/defend
the paper.
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Guidelines to define authorship:
Authorshipcredit shouldbe basedon
1) Substantial contributions to conception and design, acquisition of
data, or analysis and interpretationof data;
2) Drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual
content; and
3) Final approval of the version to be published.
Authors should meet conditions 1, 2, and 3.
Sources: -Scientific Writing, EasyWhen ou KnowHow, Peat, J ., Elliot, E., Baur, L., Keena, V.,
BMJ Books, 2009
-Int. Committee of Medical J . Editors, Ann. Intern. Med., 1997, 126, 36.
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Authors Names Sequence:
First Name
The researcher who did the work, junior researcher.
Middle names
Anyone who intellectually contributed to the work
Last Name
The responsible for the research: supervisor/ group head/
senior scientist
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Affiliations usually include the following information:
Group
Department, Center
Institution, University
City, Zip code, PO Box
Country
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Abstract
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Self-assembly of components larger than molecules into ordered arrays is an
efficient way of preparing microstructured materials with interesting mechanical and
optical properties. Although crystallization of identical particles or particles of different
sizes or shapes can be readily achieved, the repertoire of methods to assemble
binary lattices of particles of the same sizes but with different properties is very
limited. This paper describes electrostatic self-assembly of two types of macroscopic
components of identical dimensions using interactions that are generated by contact
electrification. The systems we have examined comprise two kinds of objects
(usually spheres) made of different polymeric materials that charge with opposite
electrical polarities when agitated on flat, metallic surfaces. The interplay of repulsive
interactions between like-charged objects and attractive interactions between unlike-
charged ones results in the self-assembly of these objects into highly ordered,
closed arrays. Remarkably, some of the assemblies that form are not
electroneutralthat is, they possess a net charge. We suggest that the stability of
these unusual structures can be explained by accounting for the interactions
between electric dipoles that the particles in the aggregates induce in their
neighbors.
Abstract
Grzybowski et al., Nature Materials 2, 241245 (2003)
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1) Context: Self-assembly of components larger than molecules into ordered arrays is an
efficient way of preparing microstructured materials with interesting mechanical and
optical properties.
2) GAP: Although crystallization of identical particles or particles of different sizes or
shapes can be readily achieved, the repertoire of methods to assemble binary lattices
of particles of the same sizes but with different properties is very limited.
3) Purpose: This paper describes electrostatic self-assembly of two types of macroscopic
components of identical dimensions using interactions that are generated by contact
electrification.
4) Methodology: The systems we have examined comprise two kinds of objects (usually
spheres) made of different polymeric materials that charge with opposite electrical
polarities when agitated on flat, metallic surfaces.
5) Results: The interplay of repulsive interactions between like-charged objects and
attractive interactions between unlike-charged ones results in the self-assembly of
these objects into highly ordered, closed arrays. Remarkably, some of the assemblies
that formare not electroneutralthat is, they possess a net charge.
6) Conclusions: We suggest that the stability of these unusual structures can be
explained by accounting for the interactions between electric dipoles that the particles
in the aggregates induce in their neighbors.
Abstract
Grzybowski et al., Nature Materials 2, 241245 (2003)
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Introduction
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Introduction
Contextualization
Sumarizing Previous
Research
Purpose
General
Specific
Your Field
Your work
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Experimental
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Experimental
Materials
What materials were employed?
Where did the materials come from?
Methods/Procedures
Reference to any well established methods and
analyses
Details concerning the procedure adopted
J ustifying the procedures adopted
Data analyses
Methods used for data processing and analyses
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Results and Discussion
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Results
Introduction
(purpose)
Results and Discussion
(Key Results)
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Conclusion
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In contrast to the Introduction, the
conclusions section starts the Specific
toGeneral Movement.
Conclusion
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Key findings
Pyramidal Structure
Interpretation of main Results
Contribution to the field
Specific
General
Conclusion
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References
All information or ideas must be referenced!
Including your own work
Always consult the J ournals Guide for Authors
There are a number of different formats/styles you may
use to cite others work in the text, or arrange the
references list:
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Examples
.However, recent reports have been made on the fabrication of
ultrathin films of metallic phthalocyanines and polyelectrolytes
via the electrostatic layer-by-layer technique (LBL).
10
(10) Lutt, M.; Fitzsimmons, M. R.; Li, D. Q. J. Phys. Chem. B 1998,
102, 400.
1. The citation-sequence system
References are numbered in the order they appear in the text.
References
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Examples
.The layer-by-layer (LbL) technique has been largely employed in
the immobilization of proteins and other biomolecules following
the pioneering work of Lvov et al. [Lvov et al., 1993; Lvov et al.,
1995].
Lvov, Y., Ariga, K., Ichinose, I., Kunitake, T., 1995. Assembly of multicomponent
protein films by means of electrostatic layer-by-layer adsorption. J . Am.
Chem. Soc.117, 6117- 6123.
Lvov, Y., Decher, G., Sukhorukov, G. 1993. Assembly of Thin Films by Means of
Successive Deposition of Alternate Layers of DNAand Poly(ally1amine).
Macromolecules 26, 5396-5399.
2. The name-year system
References are listed alphabetically, using the first authors last name.
References
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A Suggested Sequence.
Results and Discussions
Conclusions
Introduction
Title
Experimental
Abstract
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Begin writing in English
Take your notes in English
Final version of a paper translated into
English
Translations ??
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Plagiarism
You may cite others words, data, etc. using
your own words;
Do not paraphrase other authors text
Do not paraphrase your early papers.
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http://www.fapesp.br/boaspraticas/codigo_fapesp0911.pdf
Plagiarism
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Plagiarism
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Plagiarism
From the Editors of ACS J ournals:
Recycling Is Not Always Good: The
Dangers of Self-Plagiarism, ACS Nano, 6 (1), 14, 2012
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1. The Importance of Writing in a Scientists
Life
2. What is a Scientific Paper?
3. Main Characteristics of Scientific Writing
Take-Home Message
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-Introduction to Journal-Style Scientific Writing:
http://abacus.bates.edu/~ganderso/biology/resources/writing/H
TWgeneral.html
-http://www.inter-biotec.com/biowc/style.html
Sources
-Scientific Writing, Easy When ou KnowHow, Peat, J ., Elliot, E., Baur, L.,
Keena, V., BMJ Books, 2009
-Hill et al., Teaching ESL students to read and write experimental papers,
TESOLQuarterly, 16: 333, 1982:
-Int. Committee of Medical J . Editors, Ann. Intern. Med., 1997, 126, 36.
zuco@ifsc.usp.br
Valtencir Zucolotto
Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology
Associate Editor
2012 Impact Factor: 5.256
zuco@ifsc.usp.br
Valtencir Zucolotto
zuco@ifsc.usp.br
www.escritacientifica.com
www.twitter.com/Nanomedicina
Instituto de Fsica de So Carlos - USP
Muito Obrigado
www.twitter.com/escreverartigos
www.twitter.com/writingpapers

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