Gravitation

10 JEE Advanced/ llT-JEE

r @ I I
3. If the distance between the earth and the sun were half its
present value, the number of days in a year would have
I.
The numerical value of the angu1,ar velocity of rotation of '
theearth should be ............ rad/s in order tomake the effective
accelerition due to gravity equal to zero. (1984 - 2 Marks)
2. A geostationary satellite is orbiting the earthat a height of
'6 R above the surface ofthe earth, where Ri s the radius of
the earth. The time period of another satellite at a height of
: 2.5 R fiomthe surface ofthe earth is ............ hours.
.
(1 987 - 2 Marks)
3.
Themasses and radii ofthe ~ A a n d t h e ~ o ~ n are M,, th and
M2, R2 respectively. Qei r centres are at a distance dapart. The
minimum speed with which a particle of mass m should be
projected fiom a point midway between the two centres so as
to escape to infinity is ..... ; ............. ' (1988 - 2 Marks)
4. ~par t i cl e is projected vertically upwards from the surface
of earth (radius Re) with a kinetic energy equal to half of the
minimum value needed for itto escape. ,Jle height to which
it rises above the surface of earth is .... (1997- 2 Marks)
1.. It is possible to putan artificial satellite into orbit in such a
, ,
way . that , itwill alwaysremaindirectly o v e r ~e w Delhi..
. (I984 - 2 Marks)
1. If the radius of the earth ,were to shrink by one percent, its
mass remaining the s h e , the acceleration due to gravity on
the earth's surface, would (I981 - 2 Marks)
(a) decrease - (b) , remain unchanged
(c) increase (d) bezero
2.
If g is the acceleration due to gravity on the earth's surface,
-the gain in the potential energy of an object of miss m
raised from the surface of the earth to a height equal to the
.'radius of the earth, is . (1983 - I Mark)
,
been - . (1996 - 2 Marks)
(a). 64.5 . (b) 129 (c) i82.5 . (d) no
4. ' An artificial satellite moving in a circular orbit around the
Earth has a total (kinetic + potential) energyEg. Its potential
, .
ehergy is (1997c- 1 Mark)
(a). -Eo ' (b) 1 . 5 ~ ~
(c) 2 5
. ,
(d): q,
5. A geo-stationary satellite orbits around the earth in acircular
orbit of radius~36,OOOlan. Then, the time period of a spy
satellite orbiting a few hundred lan above the earth's surface
(Re& = 6, 400h) will approximately be : (2002s)
(a) lnhr
@) ~ h r .
( 4 2 hT ( d ) ' 4 k .
6. A simple pendulum is oscillating without damping. When
the displacement of the bob is less than maximum, its
acceleration vector ; is correctly shown in : * (2002s)
-
7. '. A binary st81 system consists of two stars A and B which
have time period TAand TB. radius RA and Rh and mass MA
and MB: Then , . (2006 - 3M, -1)~
(a) ifTA>TBthenRA>RB (b). ~ ~ T ~ > T ~ & ~ M ~ > M ~
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. .
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P-134 Topic-wise Solved papers PHYSICS
8. A spherically symmetric gravitational system of particles 2.
po for r _<R
has a mass density P =
where po is a constant. A test mass can undergo circular
motion under the influence of the gravitational field of
. particles. Its speed v as a function of distance r (0 < r < m)
-from the centre of the system is represented by -' (2008)
v .,
9.
A thin uniform annular disc (see figure) of mass Mhas outer
radius 4R and inner radius 3R. The work required to take a
unit mass &om point P on its axis to infinity is (2010)
A solid sphere of uniform density and radius 4 units is located
with its centre at the origin 0 of coordinates. Two spheres
of equal radii 1 unit, with their centres at A (-2, 0,O) and
B (2, 0, 0) respectively, are taken out of the solid leaving
behind spherical cavities as shown in fig (1993-2 Marks)
Then i
(a)
The gravitational force due to this object at the origin -
iszero. .
(b) 'the gravitational force atthe point B(2,O ,o) is zero.
(c) the gravitational potential isthe same at all points of-
circle?+2=36.
(d) the gravitational potential is the same at all points on.
the circle? +2 = 4.
The magnitudes of the gravitational field at distance r, and
r2 from the centre of a uniform sphere of radius Rand mass
m are F, ,and F2 respectively. Then: (1994 - 2 Marks)
P :
. ,
4 - 'i2
(b) E- T i f q >Ra n d r z ? R , .
4-'1 .
(c)
Fz '2
l f ~ > R a n d ~ > . R
Z'GM 2GM ' .
4 -q2
. . (d) - - ~ - i f q < R a n d ~ < R F2 1.2
GM 2GM
(c) 4R 4. A satellites ismoving in an elliptical orbit around the earth.
The mass ofthe satellite is very small compared to the mass
I@. A satellite is moving with a constant speed ' V' h a circular
. ,of the earth.
orbit about the earth. An object of mass 'm' is ejected fiom
(1998s - 2 Marks)
(a) .The acceleration 0f.S 'is always diiedted tdwards the
the satellite such that it just escapes from the gravitational
centre of the earth. .
pull ofthe earth. At the time of its ejection, the met i c energy.
of the object is (2011)
(b). The angular momennun of S about the' centre of the
earth changes in direction, but its magnitude remains
(a) 'mv2
2 (b) m p
3
(c) -my2
2
(d) 2mv2
constant.
(c) The total mechanical'energy of S varies periodically
withtime.
(d) The linear momentum of S remains constant in
magnitude.
I@ . 11 5. T ~ O spherical planets P and Q have the same &form
density p, masses Mp and MQ and surface areas A and 4A
1.
Imagine a light planet revolving around avery massive st& .
.respectively~ A spherical planet also has uniform density
in a circular orbit ofradius R with a period of revolution T. If
p and its mass is (Mp+ MQ) The &cape velocities from the
the gravitational force of attraction between the planet and
.the star is proportional to FrSR (I989 - 2 Mark)
planets P, Q and R are Vp VQand Vmrespectively. Then
(a) T2 is proportional to R3
(2012)
(a) v Q > v ~ > v p . @) vR>vQ>vp - .
(b) T2 is proportional to R?R
(c) 'T2 is proportional to R~~ , . 1
(c) VRI VP= 3 (d) YpIVQ=z. . '
(d) T2 is proportional to R~~~ ..
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GRAMTATION
. .
P-135
' 6.'
Two bodies, each of mass M, are kept fixed with a separation. (ii) If the satellite is stopped suddenly in its orbit and
2L.Aparticle of mass m is projectedfrom themi$oint ofthe allowed to fall freely onto the earth, find the speed with
-line joiningtheir centres, perpendicular to the line. The which it hits , . the surface of the earth.
. .
gravgational constant is G. The correct statement@) is (are)
4. Distance between the centres oftwo stars is l h, ~h~~~~~~~
- . . (JEEAdv. 2013) '
of these stars are M and 16M and their radii a and 2a,
(a) The minimum initial velocity of the m&s m to escape
respectively. A body of mass m is f ~ e d straight from the
E:
surface of the larger star towards the smaller star. What
the gravitational field of the G o bodies is 4 -
should be itsminimum initial speed to reach the surface of
the smaller star? Obtain the expression in terms of G, M
(b) The minimum initial velocity of the mass m twescape and a.
(1996 - 5 Marks)
. .
5. A body is projected vertically upwards from the bottom of a
the gravitationai field of the &bodies is 1
R .
(c) The minimum initialvelocity of the mass m to escape
crater of moon of depth - where R is the iadius of moon
100
with a velocity equal to the escape veloci~on.the surface
the gavita!ional fie,d i f the two bodie!iS
ofmoon. Calculate maximum height attained by the body
from the surface of the moon. (200%- 4 Marks)
(d) The energy of the mass 111 teIlldUL5 Lurordrlr
I @- @
0 .-.-
I1
-~ ~
1.. Two satellites S, &d S2 revolve round a planet in coplanar
above the earth experiences weightlessness.
circular orbits i nae same sense. Their periods of revolution .
because . .
are 1 hour and 8 hours respectively. The radius of the orbit
of S1 is.104 km. When S2 is closest to S1, f!nd
STATEMENT - 2 : An object moving the earth under the
.influence of Earth's gravitational force is in a state of free-
(i)
the speed of & relative to S1,
fall". (2008)
(ii) the angular speed of S2 as actually observed by an , (a) Statement- i is True, Statement-2 is True, Statement-:!
astronaut in SI. . . ,. ~ (1986 - 6 Marks) is a correct explanation for Statement -1
. 2. Three particles, each of mass m, are situated at the vertices
:
(b) Statement -1 is True, Statement -2 is True ; Statement-
of an equilateral triangle of side length a. The only forces
2 is NOT a c o ~e c t explanation for Statement - 1
; acting on the particles are.their mutual gravitational forces.
(c) Statement - 1 is T N ~ , Statement- 2 is False . ' .
It is desired that each particle moves in a circle while
(d) Statement -1 is False, Statement '2 is True
maintainingtheoriginal mutual separation a. Find the intial
velocity that should be given to each particle and also the
I @- I 1
time period of the circular motion.
.&
' (19" - ' 1 . ~ravitational acceleration on the surface of aplanet is -g .
3.
An artificial satellite is moving in a circular ohi t around the
11
earth ,,+,ith a. ipeed equal tb half the magnitude of eScape
. where g is the gravibtional acceleration on the surface of
velocity from the earth. (1990 - 8.Mark) 2
the earth. The average mass density of the p1anet.i~ 7
( i )
Determine the height of the sateflite above the earth's
times that of the earth. Ifthe escape speed on the surface of
surface. . - . +
the earth is taken,to be 11 kms-I, the escape speed on tbe
. ,
surface of the planet 'in kms-I will be
. .
. . (2010)
I rfc JEE Main/ AlEEE
The kinetic energy needed to project a body of mass m from
the earth surface'(mdius R) to infinity is 120021
(a) @) ZmgR
(c) .mgR . . . . (d) mgRl4.
If suddenly the gravitational force ,of athactionbetween
.Earth and a satellite revolving around it becomes zero, then
the satellite will [ZOOZ]
(a) continue to move in its orbit with same velocity
(b) move tangentially to the original orbit inthe'same
velocity
(c) become stationary in its orbit
(d) move towards the earth
3. ' ~ne&re;uired to move a body of mass m from a" orbit of
.radius 2R to3R is [ZOO21
(a) GMm/12R2 (b) GMm/3RZ
. . (c) GMmI8R . (d) GMmI6R-
4. The escape velocity 0f.a body depends upon mass as. ..
(a). -mO (b). m' [2002).,
( 4 m2 (d) m3.
5. The time period of a satellite of earth is 5 hours(If,the
separation between the earth apd the satellite is'increascd,
to4 times the previous value, the new time periodwill become
(a) 10 hours' ,. (b) 80 boys '. .. [ZOO31 '
(c) ' d0 hours (d) 20 houks . .
; <, .
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P-136.
. .
' . Topic-wise Solved Papers: PHYSICS
6. Two spherical bodies of mass M and 5M & radii R & 2R . 15. A planet in a distant solar system is 10 times more massive
respectively are released in.free space with initial separation than the e'arth and its radius is 10 times smaller. Given that
between their centres equal to 12 R. If they attract each other
the escape velocity fiom the earth is 11 km s-I, the escape
due to gravitational force only, then the distance covered by,
velocity from the surface of the planet would be. 120081
the siiialler body just bef6m.collision is. 120031 (a)' 1.llans-' @) I1 kms-'
(a) 2.5 8 (b) 4 . 5 ~ (c) 11.0 h s - 1 (d) 0.1 I kms l
(c). 1.5R \ (d) 1. 5R 16. This question contains Statement-l and Statement-2. Ofthe
7. The escape velocity for a body projected vertically upwards
four choices given after the statements, choose the' one
fromthe surface of earth is 11 M s . Ifthe body is projected
that best describes the wo'statiments. [20081
at i n angle df 4S0with the vertical, the escape velocity will be
Statement-1 :
- (a) 11&km/s - (b) 2 2 Ms [2003j ' For a mass Mkept at the centre of a cube of side 'a',the flux
11
of gravitational field passing through its sides 4 n GM.
.
(c) I l km/s (d) p " l S a nd, ~
Statement-2:
8. A satellite of mass m revolves around the earth of radius R
. .
. . at a height x from its surface. If g is .the acceleration due to
If the direction of a field due to a p'ointsource is radial and
gravity on the surface of the earth; the orbital meed of the
its dependence onthe distance 'r' tom the source is given
satellite is 120041
9. . The time period of an earth satellite 'in,'circul& orbit is
independent of 12004]
(a) both the mass and radius of the orbit
(b) ' radius.of its orbit
: (c) the mass of the satellite
(d) neither the mass of the satellite nor the radius of its
. '- orbit.
10. If'g'isthe accelerationdue to gravity on the earth's surface,
the gain in the potential energy of an object of mass 'm'
raised froni the surface of the earth to a height equal to the
. .
radius 'R' of theearth is
.
120041
*
'11. Suppose the gravitational force.varies inversely as the nth
power of distance. Then the timi period of aplanet in circular
orbit of radius 'R' arokd tile sun will be proportional to
. .
; (a) R" " @, ) " liooq
. . -.
12. The change in the value of 'g' at a height 'h' above the
surface of the earth is the same as at a depth '8 below the
surface of earth. When both 'cf and 'h' are much smaller
than the radius of earth, then which one of the following is
correct? [2005]
3h
(a) d=-
2
(c) d=h (d) d 4 . .
13. A particle of mass' 10 g is kept on the surface of auniform
. .
sphere of mass 100 kg and radius 10 cm. Find the work to
be done against the gravitational force between them to
take the particlefar away from the sphere (you may take G
=6.67x lo-" ~ m ' /kg2) ' ' [~OOS]
(a) 3.33 x lo-" J
'. (b) 1'3.34 x 10-lo J .
(c) 6.67 x 10-'O' J
. (d) 6.67 x J -
14. Average density of the earth I20051
. . - (a) i s a complex function of g
(b) does not depend on g. . .
.(c) is inversely proportional t o g
(d) is directly propbftional to g . . . . .
1 '
as y , its flux through a closed surface depends only on
r
the strength of the source enclosed by the surface and not
on thesize or shape of the surface.
(a) Statement -1 is false, Statement-;! is true
(b) Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement -2. is
.a correct explanation for Statement-1
(c) .Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement -2
is not a cofrect e~planatio~forStatement-l
(d) Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is false
17. The height at which the acceleration due to gravity becomes
-
-(where g = the acceleration due to gravity on the surface
9
of the earth) in terms ofR, the radius of the earth, is : 120091'
18. ' Two bodies of masses m and 4 m are placed at a distance r.
The gravitational potential at a point on the lime joining
them where the gravitational field is zero is: [ZOll]
4Gm 6Gm 9Gm
(a) -T (b) -7 (c) -7 (d) zero
,
19. Two particles of equal mass 'm'go around a)circle ofradius
-. R under the action of theu mutual gravitational attraction.
. .
The speed of each particle witli respect to.their centre of
mass is : ': [2OllRS]
20. .. Themass of aspaceship is 1000 kg. It is to belauncbecifrom
the earth's surface out into free space. The value of g and R
(radius of earth) are 10 m/sZ and 6400'h:respectively The
required energy forthis work will be :
. . -[2012l
(a) 6.4 x 1O"~oules . (b) 6.4 x lo8 Joules
(c) 6.4 x lo9 ~oul es (d) 6.4 x. l0l0 Joules
21. What is the minimum energy required to launch a satellite of
niks'm fromthe surface.of aplanet of mass M q d radiusR
in a circular orbit at an altitude of 2R? [JEE Main 20131
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