Wind Load - Signs

WIND WEBINAR SERIES #3:
ASCE 710 Wind Loads for Signs, Other

Structures, RoofTop Structures &
Euip!ent, and Other Specia" Conditions

Robert Paullus, P.E., S.E., SECB
Paullus Structural Consultants
BPaullus@PaullusConsulting.com

26 February 2013
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 1 of 126
Wind Loads for Solid Signs,
Other Structures, Roof-Top
Structures & Equipment, and
Other Special Conditions
Bo !aullus, !"E", S"E"
!aullus Structural Consultants
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
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#" #" Chapter $%& Other Structures '(W)RS
*irectional (ethod+
a" Conditions
" Limitations
c" Solid )reestanding Walls or Signs
d" Solid ,ttached Signs
e" *esign Wind Loads on Other Structures
f" *esign Wind Loads on Rooftop Structures
and Equipment on Buildings
g" !arapets
h" Roof O-erhangs
i" (inimum *esign Wind Loadings
Outline
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#" $" Chapter ./ & !art 0 - Components &
Cladding for Building ,ppurtenances
and Rooftop Structures and Equipment
'*irectional !rocedure+
a" !arapets
" Roof O-erhangs
c" Rooftop Structures and Equipment for
Buildings 1ith h 2 0/ ft '#3". m+
$" ." E4amples
Outline
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5 #" The structure is a regular-shaped
structure as defined in Section $0"$"$"
Section 26.2.2 - BUILDING OR OTHER
STRUCTURE, REGULAR-SHAPED: ,
uilding or other structure ha-ing no
unusual geometrical irregularit6 in spatial
form"
Section $%"#"$ - Conditions
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5 $" The structure does not ha-e response
characteristics ma7ing it su8ect to across-
1ind loading, -orte4 shedding, or instailit6
due to galloping or flutter9 or it does not
ha-e a site location for 1hich channeling
effects or uffeting in the 1a7e of up1ind
ostructions 1arrant special consideration"
Section $%"#"$ - Conditions
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5 #" This chapter *OES consider: load
magnification effect caused 6 gusts in
resonance 1ith along-1ind -irations of
fle4ile structures"
5 $" This chapter *OES ;OT consider:
<nusual shapes or configurations that lead
to effects listed in Section $%"#"$ &
Conditions"
Section $%"#". & Limitations
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5 ." =f 6our structure does not fall 1ithin the
listed limitations, it should proal6 e the
su8ect of Wind Tunnel Stud6"
Section $%"#". & Limitations
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5 #" ;o reductions allo1ed for apparent
shielding 6 uildings, other structures, or
terrain features"
a" =ndi-idual hills
" =ndi-idual trees or small gro-es of
trees
c" =ndi-idual le-ees and similar
features"
5 $" Reductions are afforded for Terrain
)eatures in determining E4posure
Categories in Chapter $0"
Section $%"#"> & Shielding
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Steps
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5 #" Steps #-> are the same as in Chapters
$0-./"
a" Chapter $%, li7e Chapters $0-./, has its
o1n tale, Tale $%".-#, for ?
h
and ?
@
" Step A: Eq" $%".-#
q
@
B /"//$A0?
@
?
@t
?
d
C
$
'lDft
$
+
5 $" Be careful to use q
@
or q
h
, as directed
under each section"
Steps to *etermine Wind Loads
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5 #" Eollo1 Signs and Walls are not co-ered"
a" Signs 1hich ha-e openings that can e
pressuri@ed
#+ Bo4ed signs
$+ Signs made from sea containers
.+ Signs 1ith large internal areas for lights
1ith translucent panels
$" Research is eing conducted at Te4as
Tech <ni-ersit6 6 *ouglas Smith, !h*
Section $%">"# & Solid )reestanding Walls
and Solid )reestanding Signs
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5 ." Solid Signs can ha-e openings up to
./F of the Gross ,rea"
a" Reduction factor can e applied to solid
signs 1ith openings"
" Reduction factor '# - '# - H+#"A+
c" H B ratio of solid area to gross area
>" =f the area of openings e4ceeds ./F of
the gross area, it is an open sign"
!roceed to Section $%"A - *esign Wind
LoadsIOther Structures
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5 A" Basic Equation: 'Eq" $%">-#+
) B q
h
GC
f
,
s
'l+
5 a" q
h
B the -elocit6 pressure e-aluated at
height h 'defined in )ig" $%">-#+ as
determined in accordance 1ith
Section $%"."$
h B top of the 1all or sign
;ote: q
h
is at the top of the sign or 1all
and ?
d
in Eq $%".-# is the ?
d
of Solid
)reestanding Walls and Solid )ree-
standing and ,ttached Signs in Tale
$0"0-#
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5 " G B gust-effect factor from Section $0"%
c" C
f
B net force coefficient from )ig" $%">-#
d" ,
s
B the gross area of the solid free-
standing 1all or freestanding solid sign, in
ft
$
'm
$
+
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)igure $%">-#
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)igure $%">-#
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)igure $%">-#
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5 Load Cases to Consider
Case , & Load applied to the centroid of
the area
Case B & Load applied 1ith an
eccentricit6 of /"$JB '1idth of the 1all or
sign+
Case C & Stepped application of reduced
1ind pressures as the distance decreases
from the 1ind1ard edge"
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Case C
Reduction in loads for 1alls or signs 1ith
returns at the ends
<p to >/ F reduction
)or Ele-ated Signs or 1alls: 1here sDh K /"3,
force coefficients shall e multiplied 6 the
reduction factor '#"3 - sDh+
,ccounts for reduced 1ind pressures
1hen free air flo1 under the 1all or sign
is reduced"
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a"#" Requirements to use method in Section
$%">"#
a" The plane of the sign is parallel to and in
contact 1ith the supporting 1all
" Edges of the sign do not e4tend past the
supporting 1all
c" <se Component & Cladding Wall pressures
calculated in Chapter ./
d" Set the =nternal !ressure Coefficient 'GC
pi
+
equal to /
Section $%">"# $ - Solid ,ttached Signs
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a" $" !rocedure can also e used for
signs attached to ut not in contact
1ith the supporting 1all"
a" Sign must e parallel to the supporting 1all"
" Sign must not e more than three '.+ feet
from the 1all"
c" Edges of the sign must e at least '.+ feet in
from the free edges of the supporting 1all:
a" Top of the supporting 1all"
" Bottom of the supporting 1all
c" Side Edges of the supporting 1all
Section $%">"# $ - Solid ,ttached Signs
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Section $%"A: *esign Wind LoadsIOther
Structures
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Basic Equation: 'Eq" $%"A-#+
) B q
@
GC
f
,
f
'l+ ';+
a" q
@
B -elocit6 pressure e-aluated at height @ as
defined in Section $%"., of the centroid of area ,
f
;ote q
@
is at the centroid of the area and ?
d
in
Eq $%".-# is the ?
d
of the structure t6pe in
Tale $0"0-#
" G B gust-effect factor from Section $0"% 'these
structures ma6 often e fle4ile+
c" C
f
B force coefficients from )igs" $%"A-#
Structures
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d" ,
f
B pro8ected area normal to the 1ind e4cept
1here C
f
is specified for the actual surface area,
in ft
$
'm
$
+
Structures
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)igure $%"A-#
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)igure $%"A-#
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)igure $%"A-$
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)igure $%"A-$
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)igure $%"A-.
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)igure $%"A-.
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#" ;o guidance is gi-en for rooftop
structures on uildings K 0/ feet"
$" Research in the ,SCE L committee
suggests that it is proal6 acceptale to
use loads from this section for rooftop
structures on uildings K 0/ feet, ut this
has not een confirmed 6et"
." Equation $%"A-$ gi-es lateral pressure
on the rooftop structure"
Section $%"A-# & Rooftop Structures and
Equipment )or Buildings 1ith h 0/ feet
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Lateral Wind force on Rooftop Structures
Basic Equation: 'Eq $%"A-$+
)
h
B q
h
'GC
r
+,
f
'l+ ';+
'GC
r
+ B #"% for rooftop structures and
equipment 1ith ,
f
less than '/"#Bh+" 'GC
r
+
shall e permitted to e reduced linearl6
from #"% to #"/ as the -alue of ,
f
is
increased from '/"#Bh+ to 'Bh+"
q
h
B -elocit6 pressure e-aluated at mean
roof height of the uilding
Equipment )or Buildings 1ith h 2 0/ feet
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Lateral Wind force on Rooftop Structures
;ote, q
h
is at the mean roof height and ?
d
in Eq $%".-# is the ?
d
of the uilding, in
Tale $0"0-#, on 1hich the rooftop
structure sits"
,
f
B -ertical pro8ected area of the rooftop
structure or equipment on a plane normal
to the direction of 1ind, in ft
$
'm
$
+
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Certical Wind force on Rooftop Structures
Basic Equation: 'Eq $%"A-.+
)
-
B q
h
'GC
r
+,
r
'l+ ';+
'GC
r
+ B #"A for rooftop structures and
equipment 1ith ,
r
less than '/"#BL+" 'GCr+
shall e permitted to e reduced linearl6
from #"A to #"/ as the -alue of ,
r
is
increased from '/"#BL+ to 'BL+"
q
h
B -elocit6 pressure e-aluated at mean
roof height of the uilding
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Certical Wind force on Rooftop Structures
;ote q
h
is at the mean roof height and ?
d
in
Eq $%".-# is the ?
d
of the uilding, in Tale
$0"0-#, on 1hich the rooftop structure sits"
,
r
B hori@ontal pro8ected area of rooftop
structure or equipment, in ft
$
'm
$
+
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Lateral C & C pressure 'psf+ shall e equal
to the lateral force 'Ls+ calculated 1ith
equation '$%"A-$+ *=C=*E* BM the
RES!ECT=CE W,LL Surface area of the
Rooftop Structure considered"
)orces 'psf+ shall e considered to act in1ard
and out1ard
Section ./"## & Component & Cladding
Loads for Rooftop Structures and
Equipment for Buildings 1ith h 2 0/ feet
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Certical C & C pressure 'Ls+ shall e
equal to the -ertical force 'Ls+ calculated
1ith equation '$%"A-.+ *=C=*E* BM the
Eori@ontal pro8ected area of the roof of
the Rooftop Structure considered"
The pressures are O;LM required to e
considered to act in the <!W,R* direction"
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Comment: =f the Rooftop Structure is
large '#/N4$/N or larger+, consider loo7ing
at the do1n1ard pressures from the
uilding C&C loading figures and ma7e
some 8udgment aout do1n1ard 1ind
loading rooftop structures that resemle
small uildings 'penthouses for instance+"
Certical Wind Load 1ould act in addition to
*ead and Roof Li-e Loads or Sno1 Loads"
<se appropriate load cominations"
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Other Resources
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Other Resources
5 !repared 6: Tas7
Committee on Wind-
=nduced )orces of the
!etrochemical Committee
of the Enginer6 *i-ision of
,SCE
5 Se-eral of those on the
Tas7 Committee are on
the ,SCE L Wind
Sucommittee
5 Based on ,SCE L-/A
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OWind loads on parapets are specified in
Section $L">"A for uildings of all heights
designed using the *irectional !rocedure
and in Section $3">"$ for lo1-rise
uildings designed using the En-elope
!rocedure"P
(ethod presented is the *irectional
!rocedure
Section $%"0 & !arapets '(W)RS+
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Chapter $3 & The En-elope (ethod, is
e4actl6 the same"
Chapter $3 uses the -elocit6 pressure
determined 1ith the En-elope (ethod,
rather than the -elocit6 pressure in Chapter
$L using the *irectional (ethod"
Section $%"0 & !arapets '(W)RS+
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(W)RS pressures due to parapets
Rigid or )le4ile Buildings
,pplies to )lat, Gale, or Eip Roofs
Section $L">"A - !arapets
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Basic Equation: 'Eq $L">->+
p
p
B q
p
'GC
pn
+ 'lDft
$
+
p
p
B comined net pressure on the parapet
due to the comination of the net pressures
from the front and ac7 parapet surfaces"
!lus 'and minus+ signs signif6 net pressure
acting to1ard 'and a1a6 from+ the front
'e4terior+ side of the parapet
Section $L">"A & !arapets '(W)RS+
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q
p
B -elocit6 pressure e-aluated at the top of
the parapet
'GC
pn
+ B comined net pressure
coefficient
B Q#"A for 1ind1ard parapet
B &#"/ for lee1ard parapet
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)=G<RE C$%"L-# *esign Wind !ressures on !arapets
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,pplicale to ,ll Building T6pes
,pplicale to ,ll Building Eeights
E4cept Where the !ro-isions of !art >
are used 'Simplified (ethod for
Buildings 1ith h 2 #0/ feet+
Section ./"% & C & C Loading on !arapets
Wind Webinar #3
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Basic Equation: 'Eq" ./"%-#+
p B q
p
''GC
p
+ & 'GC
pi
++
q
p
B -elocit6 pressure e-aluated at the top of
the parapet
'GC
p
+ B e4ternal pressure coefficient gi-en in
)ig" ./">-# for 1alls 1ith h 2 0/ ft '>3"3 m+
)igs" ./">-$, to ./">-$C for flat roofs,
gale roofs, and hip roofs
)ig" ./">-. for stepped roofs
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'GC
p
+ B e4ternal pressure coefficient gi-en in
)ig" ./">-> for multispan gale roofs
)igs" ./">-A, and ./-AB for monoslope
roofs
)ig" ./">-0 for sa1tooth roofs
)ig" ./">-L for domed roofs of all heights
)ig" ./"0-# for 1alls and flat roofs 1ith h K
0/ ft '#3". m+
)ig" $L">-. footnote > for arched roofs
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'GC
pi
+ B internal pressure coefficient from
Tale $0"##-#, ased on the porosit6 of the
parapet en-elope"
Consider T1o '$+ Load Cases 1hen
e-aluating C & C pressures on parapets
Case , & !ressures on the surfaces of the
Wind1ard parapet
Case B & !ressures on the surfaces of the
Lee1ard parapet
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Specifics of Case ,:
Wind1ard !arapet shall consist of appl6ing the
applicale positi-e 1all pressure from )ig" ./">-#
'h 2 0/ ft '#3". m++ or )ig" ./"0-# 'h K 0/ ft '#3".
m++ to the 1ind1ard surface of the parapet 1hile
appl6ing the applicale negati-e edge or corner
@one roof pressure from )igs" ./">-$ ',, B or C+,
./">-., ./">->, ./">-A ', or B+, ./">-0, ./">-L, )ig"
$L">-. footnote >, or )ig" ./"0-# 'h K 0/ ft '#3".
m++ as applicale to the lee1ard surface of the
parapet"
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Specifics of Case B:
Lee1ard !arapet shall consist of appl6ing the
applicale positi-e 1all pressure from )ig" ./">-#
'h 2 0/ ft '#3". m++ or )ig" ./"0-# 'h K 0/ ft '#3".
m++ to the 1ind1ard surface of the parapet, and
appl6ing the applicale negati-e 1all pressure
from )ig" ./">-# 'h 2 0/ ft '#3". m++ or )ig" ./"0-#
'h K 0/ ft '#3". m++ as applicale to the lee1ard
surface" Edge and corner @ones shall e arranged
as sho1n in the applicale figures" 'GCp+
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)=G<RE C$%"L-# *esign Wind !ressures on !arapets
5 =f internal pressure
is present, oth
load cases should
e e-aluated
under positi-e and
negati-e internal
pressure"
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Step #: *etermine ris7 categor6 of uilding,
see Tale #"A-#
Step $: *etermine the asic 1ind speed, C,
for applicale ris7 categor6, see )igure $0"A-
#,, B or C
Tale ./"%-# & Steps to *etermine C&C
Wind Loads on !arapets
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Step .: *etermine 1ind load parameters:
Wind directionalit6 factor, ?
d
, see Section $0"0
and Tale $0"0-#
<se ?
d
for Buildings C&C '/"3A+
E4posure categor6 B, C or *, see Section $0"L
Topographic factor, ?
@t
, see Section $0"3 and )ig"
$0"3-#
Enclosure classification, see Section $0"#/
=nternal pressure coefficient, 'GC
pi
+, see Section
$0"## and Tale $0"##-#
Open, !artiall6 Enclosed, or Enclosed 'parapet or ldg+
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Step >: *etermine -elocit6 pressure
e4posure coefficient, ?
h
, at top of the
parapet see Tale ./".-#
Step A: *etermine -elocit6 pressure, q
p
, at
the top of the parapet using Eq" ./".-#
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Step 0: *etermine e4ternal pressure
coefficient for 1all and roof surfaces
ad8acent to parapet, 'GC
p
+
Walls 1ith h 2 0/ ft", see )ig" ./">-#
)lat, gale and hip roofs, see )igs" ./">-$, to
./">-$C
Stepped roofs, see )ig" ./">-.
(ultispan gale roofs, see )ig" ./">->
(onoslope roofs, see )igs" ./">-A, and ./">-AB
Sa1tooth roofs, see )ig" ./">-0
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Step 0: 'Continued+
*omed roofs of all heights, see )ig" ./">-L
Walls and flat roofs 1ith h K 0/ ft", see )ig" ./"0-#
,rched roofs, see footnote > of )ig" $L">-.
Step L: Calculate 1ind pressure, p, using Eq"
./"%-# on 1ind1ard and lee1ard face of
parapet, considering t1o load cases 'Case ,
and Case B+ as sho1n in )ig" ./"%-#"
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)igure ./"0-#
5 ;ote L defines parapets K . feet as tall
parapets
Reduced corner pressures on parapet
Similar note on other figures
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OWind loads on roof o-erhangs are
specified in Section $L">"> for uildings of
all heights designed using the *irectional
!rocedure and in Section $3">". for lo1-
rise uildings designed using the En-elope
!rocedure"P
!resent *irection (ethod in Section $L">"#
En-elope (ethod in Section $3"."# is similar
<ses different factor for C
p
Section $%"L & Roof O-erhangs '(W)RS+
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The positi-e e4ternal pressure on the
ottom surface of 1ind1ard roof
o-erhangs shall e determined using C
p
B
/"3 and comined 1ith the top surface
pressures determined using )ig" $L">-#"
Section $L"> & Roof O-erhangs '(W)RS+
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(ust consider cases 1ith positi-e internal
pressure and negati-e internal pressure
)rom )igure $L"0-.
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Section ./"#/ & C & C Loading on Roof
O-erhangs
,pplicale to ,ll Building T6pes
,pplicale to ,ll Building Eeights
E4cept Where the !ro-isions of !art >
are used 'Simplified (ethod for
Buildings 1ith h 2 #0/ feet+
Wind Webinar #3
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O-erhangs
Basic Equation: 'Eq" ./"#/-#+
p B q
h
''GC
p
+ & 'GC
pi
++
q
h
B -elocit6 pressure from Section ./"."$
e-aluated at mean roof height h using
e4posure defined in Section $0"L".
'GC
p
+ B e4ternal pressure coefficients for
o-erhangs gi-en in )igs" ./">-$, to ./">-$C
'flat roofs, gale roofs, and hip roofs+,
including contriutions from top and ottom
surfaces of o-erhang"
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O-erhangs
The e4ternal pressure coefficient for the
co-ering on the underside of the roof
o-erhang is the same as the e4ternal
pressure coefficient on the ad8acent 1all
surface, ad8usted for effecti-e 1ind area,
determined from )igure ./">-# or )igure
./"0-# as applicale
'GC
pi
+ B internal pressure coefficient
gi-en in Tale $0"##-#
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)igure ./">-$,
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)igure ./">-#
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Step #: *etermine ris7 categor6 of uilding,
see Tale #"A-#
Step $: *etermine the asic 1ind speed, C,
for applicale ris7 categor6, see )igure $0"A-
#,, B or C
Tale ./"#/-# & Steps to *etermine C&C
Wind Loads on Roof O-erhangs
Wind Webinar #3
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Step .: *etermine 1ind load parameters:
Wind directionalit6 factor, ?
d
, see Section $0"0
and Tale $0"0-#
<se ?
d
for Buildings C&C '/"3A+
E4posure categor6 B, C or *, see Section $0"L
Topographic factor, ?
@t
, see Section $0"3 and )ig"
$0"3-#
Enclosure classification, see Section $0"#/
=nternal pressure coefficient, 'GC
pi
+, see Section
$0"## and Tale $0"##-#
Open, !artiall6 Enclosed, or Enclosed 'o-erhang or ldg+
Wind Webinar #3
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Step >: *etermine -elocit6 pressure
e4posure coefficient, ?
h
, see Tale ./".-#
Step A: *etermine -elocit6 pressure, q
h
, at
mean roof height h using Eq" ./".-#
Wind Webinar #3
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Step 0: *etermine e4ternal pressure
coefficient, 'GCp+, using )igs" ./">-$,
through C for flat, galed and hip roofs"
Step L: Calculate 1ind pressure, p, using Eq"
./"#/-#" Refer to )igure ./"#/-#
Wind Webinar #3
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Page 75 of 126
)igure ./"#/-#
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 76 of 126
The design 1ind force for other structures
shall e not less than #0 lDft
$
'/"LL 7;Dm
$
+
multiplied 6 the area ,
f
"
#0 psf is #/ psf from ,SCE L-/A times #"0 to ring
the load to a strength le-el load"
,ppl6 to the full pro8ected area in each
orthogonal direction"
Section $%"3 & (inimum *esign Wind
Loading '(W)RS+
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 77 of 126
Loads on man6 shapes in industrial plants
Tan7s, Silos, !ipe rac7s, !artiall6 Clad
)rames, etc"
See ,SCE report: OWind Loads for
!etrochemical and Other =ndustrial
)acilitiesP
Wind Loads on roof mounted Solar
!hoto-oltaic ,rra6s
See ne1 SEOC Guide
(aterial in Chapters $% ;ot Co-ered
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 78 of 126
Other Ressources
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 79 of 126
5 Office Com!e"
Loc#tion: $ic%it#, &S
'(ee)t#n*in+ Si+n
,-Sto(- Office
.-foot t#!! #(#et
Roof To Unit
$e!! P/m 0 1#inten#nce B/i!*in+
Roof O2e(%#n+
C%emic#! Sto(#+e Si!o
E4ample
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 80 of 126
5 Site P#(#mete() Common to A!! E"#m!e)
E"o)/(e 3Te((#in Ro/+%ne))4: C
Loc#tion: N ,5.5.66, $ 75.869,
Section 26.5., 3Oen '#(m!#n*4
Ri): C#te+o(- II St(/ct/(e)
T#;!e 8..-8
$in* <e!ocit-: 88. m%
'i+. 26..-8A
%tt:==>>>.#tco/nci!.o(+=>in*)ee*=in*e".%
Too+(#%ic '#cto(, &
?t
: 8.66
Section 26.9
A!! Lo#*) #(e C#!c/!#te* to LR'D Le2e!)
E4ample
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 81 of 126
E4ample
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 82 of 126
5 So!i* Bi!!;o#(* Si+n #t G(o/n* Le2e!
Dimen)ion): ,6@ $i*e " 86@ Hi+%
Refe(ence 'i+/(e 27.A-8 31$'RS4
)B86@
BB,6@
%B86@
&
%
B 6.9. 3T#;!e 27.,-84
&
*
B 6.9. 3So!i* '(ee)t#n*in+ $#!!) 0 Si+n)43T#;!e 26.6-84
C
%
B 6.662.6 &
?
&
?t
&
*
<
2
3)f4
C
%
B 6.662.636.9.438.66436.9.4388.4
2
B 2A.A6 )f
B=) B ,6@=86@ B ,.6
)=% B 86@=86@ B 8.6
E4ample-)reestanding Sign
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 83 of 126
Ente( 'i+/(e 27.A-8 fo( C
f
A!ie) to C#)e) A0 B
'o( B=) B 2: C
f
B 8.A6
'o( B=) B A: C
f
B 8.,.
Inte(o!#tin+ fo( B=) ,.6, C
f
B 8.,5.
G B 6.9. 3Section 26.7 D Ri+i* St(/ct/(e4
' B C
%
GC
f
A
)
3L;4 3EC 27.A-84
' B 32A.A6 )f436.9.438.,5.4A
)
B 29..7 )fEA
)
A
)
B A
f
B ,6@"86@ B ,66 ft
2
29..7 )fEA
)
F 86 )f E A
f
3Section 27.9 1in. Lo#*4
' B 29..7 )f3,66 ft
2
4 B 9.55 L;)
'o( CASE A, Lo#* i) #!ie* #t t%e !#n C.L. #n* #t
3)=24G36.6.%4 B ...@ #;o2e ;#)e
Wind Webinar #3
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Page 84 of 126
See C(o))-Section <ie>, 'i+/(e 27.A-8
'o( CASE B, Lo#* i) #!ie* H ...@ #;o2e ;#)e #n* #t 6.2B
off)et, eit%e( )i*e of !#n C.L.
6.2B B 6.23,6@4 B 6.6@ eit%e( )i*e of !#n C.L.
C%ec: to )ee if CASE C m/)t ;e con)i*e(e*
Note ,, 'i+/(e 27.A-8
If B=) I 2.6, CASE C m/)t ;e con)i*e(e*
B=) B ,6@=86@ B ,.6 F 2.6, t%e(efo(e con)i*e( CASE C
Ente( 'i+/(e 27.A-8 fo( C
f,
/n*e( CASE C
6-) 36@-86@4: C
f
B 2.66
)-2) 386@-26@4: C
f
B 8.56
2)-,) 386@-,6@4: C
f
B 8.8.
Wind Webinar #3
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Page 85 of 126
'o( CASE C, >%e(e )=% F 6.9, Cf m#- ;e m/!ti!ie* ;- t%e
(e*/ction f#cto( 38.9 D )=%4
)=% B 8.6 F 6.9
38.9 D )=%4 B 38.9 D 8.64 B 6.9
' B C
%
GC
f
A
)
3L;4 3EC 27.A-84
'
8
B 32A.A6)f436.9.432.66436.94386@"86@4 B A,2A L;)
'
2
B 32A.A6)f436.9.438.56436.94386@"86@4 B 2929 L;)
'
,
B 32A.A6)f436.9.438.8.436.94386@"86@4 B 878, L;)
A!- '
8
, '
2
, #n* '
,
#t !#n C.L. of e#c% !#n !en+t%, ),
f(om e#c% en* of )i+n. See 'i+/(e.
A!- '
8
, '
2
#n* '
,
#t ...@ #;o2e ;#)e of e#c% !#n
!en+t%, )
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 86 of 126
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 87 of 126
5 P#(#et 31$'RS4 3Section 27.64
Office B/i!*in+
L B 266 ft., B B 866 ft.
Roof Hei+%t: % B A6 ft.
P#(#et Hei+%t: %
B A. ft.
Roof S!oe, '!#t: 6.2.:82
Ri*+e #(#!!e! to 266@ )i*e
E"o)/(e C#te+o(-: C
Section 27.6 (efe(ence) Section 25.A.. fo(
*i(ection#! (oce*/(e fo( 1$'RS P#(#et !o#*
*ete(min#tion.
E4ample-!arapet '(W)RS+
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 88 of 126

B C
3GC
n
4 3)f4
C
B 6.662.6&
%
&
?t
&
*
<
2
3)f4 3EC 25.,-84
&
%
H %
B A.@, &
%
B 8.66.
&
?t
B 8.66 3fo( com!e"4
&
*
B 6.9. 3B/i!*in+ 1$'RS43T#;!e 26.6-84
< B 88. m% 3fo( com!e"4
C
B 6.662.638.66.438.66436.9.4388.4
2
B ,6.6. )f
GC
n
B G8.. fo( >in*>#(* #(#et 3Section 25.A..4
GC
n
B -8.6 fo( !ee>#(* #(#et 3Section 25.A..4
$in*>#(* P#(#et

B 3,6.6. )f438..4 B A..79 )f #ctin+ to>#(* ;/i!*in+

Lee>#(* P#(#et

B 3,6.6. )f43-8.64 B -,6.6. )f #ctin+ #>#- f(om

;/i!*in+
E4ample-!arapet '(W)RS+
Wind Webinar #3
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Page 89 of 126
5 P#(#et 3C 0 C Lo#*)4 3Section ,6.74
Office B/i!*in+ D )#me #) (e2io/)
C
B 6.662.638.66.438.66436.9.4388.4
2
B ,6.6. )f
f(om #(#et 1$'RS, #;o2e
B C
33GC
4 D 3GC
i
44 3EC ,6.7-84
P#(#et c#n ;e (e))/(i?e* #!on+ >it% ;/i!*in+
See 'i+/(e
GC
i
B 6.89 3Enc!o)e* B/i!*in+ D T#;!e 26.88-84
E4ample-!arapet 'C & C+
Wind Webinar #3
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Wind Webinar #3
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Page 91 of 126
St/*) H 86J o.c. 3;ot% f#ce)4
Dete(mine Effecti2e $in* A(e# of St/*)
G(e#te( of T(i;/t#(- A(e# o( Effecti2e $i*t%
Effecti2e $in* A(e# Definition 3Section 26.24
G(e#te( of 86J=82J B 8.,,@ o(
Len+t%=, B .@=, B 8.65@ 3+o2e(n)4
Effecti2e $in* A(e#: l
2
=, B .
2
=, B 9.,, ft
2
If Effecti2e $in* A(e# F 566 ft
2
, /)e 1'$RS !o#*)
Dete(mine >%ic% fi+/(e to (efe(ence f(om T#;!e ,6.7-8,
Ste 6
'i+/(e ,6.A-8 fo( >#!! (e))/(e), % K 66 ft.
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 92 of 126
'i+/(e ,6.A-2A fo( (oof !o#*), % K 66 ft. #n* +#;!e (oof) L
K 5
Dete(mine M#J *i)t#nce 3'i+/(e ,6.A-8 #n* ,6.A-2A4
Le))e( of 86N of B B 6.863866@4 B 86@ #n* 6.A% B
6.A3A6@4 B 86@
86@ +o2e(n)
Not !e)) t%#n t%e +(e#te( of AN of B B 6.6A3866@4 B A@
o( ,@
# B 86@
Ente(in+ 'i+/(e ,6.A-8 fo( (e))/(e coefficient) on
e"te(io( )/(f#ce) of t%e #(#et):
Oone A Po)iti2e P(e))/(e: GC
B 8.6
Oone . Po)iti2e P(e))/(e: GC
B 8.6
Wind Webinar #3
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Page 93 of 126
Oone A Ne+#ti2e P(e))/(e: GC
B -8.8
Oone . Ne+#ti2e P(e))/(e: GC
B -8.A
Note . )#-) t%#t 2#!/e) of GC
m#- ;e (e*/ce*
;- 86N >%en L K 86
Oone A Po)iti2e P(e))/(e: GC
B 36.748.6 B 6.7
Oone . Po)iti2e P(e))/(e: GC
B 36.748.6 B 6.7 Oone A

Ne+#ti2e P(e))/(e: GC
B 36.74-8.8 B -8.6
Oone . Ne+#ti2e P(e))/(e: GC
B 36.74-8.A B -8.26
Ente(in+ 'i+/(e ,6.A-2A fo( (e))/(e coefficient) on
inte(io( 3(oof )i*e4 )/(f#ce) of #(#et:
Effecti2e $in* A(e#: AB .
2
=, B 9.,, ft
2
# B 86 ft. #) in 'i+/(e ,6.A-8
Oone 8, 2, #n* , Po)iti2e P(e))/(e: GC
B 6.,
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 94 of 126
Oone 8 Ne+#ti2e P(e))/(e: GC
B -8.6
Oone 2 Ne+#ti2e P(e))/(e: GC
B -8.9
Oone , Ne+#ti2e P(e))/(e: GC
B -2.9
Note .: MIf # #(#et eC/#! to o( %i+%e( t%#n , ft
36.7m4 i) (o2i*e* #(o/n* t%e e(imete( of t%e
(oof >it% L K 5 , t%e ne+#ti2e 2#!/e) of GC
in
Oone , )%#!! ;e eC/#! to t%o)e fo( Oone 2 #n*
o)iti2e 2#!/e) of GC
in Oone) 2 #n* , )%#!! ;e

)et eC/#! to t%o)e fo( >#!! Oone) A #n* .
(e)ecti2e!- in 'i+/(e ,6.A-8.J
P#(#et %ei+%t %
B .@ F ,@
Oone , Ne+#ti2e GC
i) Not A!ic#;!e
Oone 2 #n* Oone , Po)iti2e P(e))/(e GC
#(e
t%o)e of $#!! Oone A #n* Oone ., (e)ecti2e!-.
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 95 of 126
Ste 5: C#!c/!#te >in* (e))/(e, /)in+ EC ,6.7-8 on
>in*>#(* #n* !ee>#(* f#ce) of #(#et, con)i*e(in+ t>o
!o#* c#)e) 3CASE A #n* CASE B4 #) )%o>n in 'i+/(e ,6.7-8
Note: A) >in* *i(ection c%#n+e), e#c% #(#et >it% )%ift
f(om # >in*>#(* #(#et to # !ee>#(* #(#et.
CASE A D $in*>#(* P#(#et
E"te(io( '#ce $#!! St/*)
B C
33GC
4 D 3GC
i
44 3EC ,6.7-84
$it% Po)iti2e Inte(n#! P(e))/(e
Oone A B Oone .
P B 3,6.6. )f4336.74-36.8944 B 22.66 )f
$it% Ne+#ti2e Inte(n#! P(e))/(e
Oone A B Oone .
B 3,6.6. )f4336.74-3-6.8944 B ,,.86 )f
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 96 of 126
A!- to T(i;/t#(- A(e#, not Effecti2e $in* A(e#
,,.86 )f38.,,@4 B AA.82 !f
Inte(io( '#ce 3(oof )i*e4 P#(#et St/*)
B C
33GC
4 D 3GC
i
44 3EC ,6.7-84
Oone 2 3Oone , #!)o t(e#te* #) Oone 24
B 3,6.6. )f433-8.94-36.8944 B -66.67 )f
Oone 2 3Oone , #!)o t(e#te* #) Oone 24
B 3,6.6. )f433-8.94-3-6.8944 B -A6.6. )f
-66.67 )f38.,,@4 B -96.52 !f
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 97 of 126
CASE B D Lee>#(* P#(#et
Inte(io( '#ce P#(#et St/*) 3!o#* to>#(* #(#et4
B C
33GC
4 D 3GC
i
44 3EC ,6.7-84
S/;)tit/te Oone A #n* Oone . (e))/(e) fo( (oof
Oone 2 #n* Oone , (e))/(e), (e)ecti2e!-. Oone
A B Oone .
P B 3,6.6. )f4336.74-36.8944 B 22.66 )f
Oone A B Oone .
B 3,6.6. )f4336.74-3-6.8944 B ,,.86 )f
,,.86 )f38.,,@4 B AA.82 !f
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 98 of 126
E"te(io( '#ce $#!! St/*) 3!o#* #>#- f(om #(#et4
B C
33GC
4 D 3GC
i
44 3EC ,6.7-84
Oone A (e))/(e
B 3,6.6. )f433-8.64-36.8944 B -,6.85 )f
Oone . (e))/(e
B 3,6.6. )f433-8.264-36.8944 B -AA.8A )f
Oone A (e))/(e
B 3,6.6. )f433-8.64-3-6.8944 B -2..8, )f
Oone . (e))/(e
B 3,6.6. )f433-8.264-3-6.8944 B -,,.86 )f
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 99 of 126
Oone A
-,6.85 )f38.,,@4 B -A9.88 !f
Oone .
-AA.8A )f38.,,@4 B -.9.58 !f
S/mm#(-
E"te(io( $#!! St/*) e"ten*e* #)t (oof into #(#et:
Oone A: AA.82 !f 3to>#(* ;/i!*in+4
Oone A: -A9.88 !f 3#>#- f(om ;/i!*in+4
Oone . i) #n-t%in+ >it%in 86ft of t%e co(ne(
Oone .: AA.82 !f 3to>#(* ;/i!*in+4
Oone .: -.9.58 !f 3#>#- f(om ;/i!*in+4
Wind Webinar #3
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Page 100 of 126
Inte(io( 3(oof )i*e4 P#(#et St/*)
Oone A: AA.8, !f 3to>#(* #(#et4
Oone A: -96.52 !f 3#>#- f(om #(#et4
Oone . i) #n-t%in+ >it%in 86ft of t%e co(ne(
Oone .: AA.8, !f 3to>#(* #(#et4
Oone .: -96.72 !f 3#>#- f(om #(#et4
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 101 of 126
5 Roofto EC/iment fo( B/i!*in+) 31$'RS4
3Section 27...84
Office B/i!*in+ D )#me #) (e2io/)
P!#n Dimen)ion): 86@ >i*e " 26@ !on+
RTU Hei+%t: A@ o2e( 8@ t#!! c/(;
P(oPecte* Hei+%t: A@G8@B.@
L#te(#! 'o(ce: '
%
B C
%
3GC
(
4A
f
3L;4 3EC 27..-24
<e(tic#! 'o(ce: '
2
B C
%
3GC
(
4A
(
3L;4 3EC 27..-,4
C
%
c#!c/!#te* #t me#n (oof %ei+%t of ;/i!*in+
&
%
H % B A6@, &
%
B 8.6A 3T#;!e 27.,-84
U)e &
*
fo( ;/i!*in+ NOT &
*
fo( (ect#n+/!#( Ot%e( St(/ct/(e)
E4ample-Rooftop Equip" '(W)RS+
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 102 of 126
&
*
B 6.9. 3T#;!e 26.6-84
Ot%e( #(#mete() #) (e2io/)!- *efine* fo( ;/i!*in+
C
%
B 6.662.638.6A438.66436.9.4388.4
2
B 27.7, )f
HORIOONTAL $IND 'ORCE
C%ec: (oPecte* #(e# of )i*e com#(e* >it% !e#)t
(oPecte* #(e# of ;/i!*in+
BE% B 866@3A6@4 B 9666 ft
2
A
f
3m#"4 B 26@3.@4 B 866 ft
2
A
f
Q6.8B%: 866 ft
2
Q 966 ft
2
GC
(
B 8.7
'
%
B 327.7, )f438.743A
f
4 B .6.95 )f3A
f
4 Q 86 )f3A
f
4
1inim/m Lo#* f(om Section 27.9
'
%
B 327.7, )f438.743866 ft
2
4 B .695L;)3EC 27..-24
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 103 of 126
Pe(en*ic/!#( to !on+ )i*e
'
%
B 327.7, )f438.743.6 ft
2
4 B 29A, L;) 3EC 27..-24
P#(#!!e! to !on+ )i*e
Ho(i?ont#! >in* fo(ce) #!ie* to +eomet(ic cente( of
2e(tic#! (oPecte* !#ne of /nit
<ERTICAL $IND 'ORCE
C%ec: (oPecte* #(e# of (oof com#(e* >it% t%#t of
;/i!*in+
BEL B 866@3266@4 B 26,666 ft
2
A
(
B 26@386@4 B 266 ft
2
A
(
Q6.8BL: 266 ft
2
Q 2,666 ft
2
GC
(
B 8..
'
2
B 327.7, )f438..43266 ft
2
4 B 9757L;)3EC 27..-24
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 104 of 126
<e(tic#! U
<e(tic#! >in* fo(ce) #!ie* to +eomet(ic cente( of
%o(i?ont#! (oPecte* !#ne of /nit
Note: T%e UPLI'T (e))/(e on t%e to of t%e (oofto
eC/iment #ct) SI1ULTANEOUSLR >it% eit%e( t%e L#te(#!
(e))/(e #(#!!e! to o( e(en*ic/!#( to t%e !on+ e*+e of t%e
(oofto eC/iment o( )t(/ct/(e.
T%e )#me (oce*/(e i) /)e* fo( # (oof-mo/nte* ent%o/)e.
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 105 of 126
5 Roofto EC/iment fo( B/i!*in+) 3C0C4
3Section ,6.884
Lo#*) fo( De)i+nin+ t%e EC/iment c#;inet enc!o)/(e o( t%e
>#!! comonent) fo( # ent%o/)e
L#te(#! C 0 C (e))/(e)
'
%
B .695 L;) 3f(om (e2io/)4
C 0 C L#te(#! Lo#*): '
%
=A
f
B .695 L;)=866 ft
2
B .6.95 )f
Lo#* i) #!ie* to>#(* o( #>#- f(om /nit on #!! )i*e)
C 0 C <e(tic#! Lo#*): '
2
=A
(
B 9757 L;)=266 ft
2
B AA.76 )f
Lo#* i) #!ie* on!- in t%e U>#(* *i(ection, #>#- f(om
t%e to of t%e /nit
E4ample-Rooftop Equip" 'C & C+
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 106 of 126
Pe()on#! Recommen*#tion 3Not in t%e St#n*#(*4
If t%e /nit i) !#(+e 3o2e( 266 ft
2
4, con)i*e( # minim/m
*o>n>#(* >in* !o#*.
C 0 C Lo#*in+ f(om 'i+/(e ,6.A-2A
GC
B 6.2 3*o>n>#(* comonent4

'
2
B C
%
GC
B 327.7,)f436.24 B 6 )f
'o( %i+%e( >in* !o#*) #n* !o> )no> !o#*),
#(tic/!#(!- !e)) t%#n 86 )f, t%i) m#- (o*/ce #
cont(o!!in+ !o#* com;in#tion
E4ample-Rooftop Equip" 'C & C+
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 107 of 126
5 Roof O2e(%#n+ 31$'RS4 3Section 27.54
EC/iment B/i!*in+
L B 66 ft., B B ,6 ft.
E#2e Hei+%t: 86 ft.
O2e(%#n+ $i*t%: , ft.
Roof S!oe: A.,5.:82 3L B 26 4
Ri*+e #(#!!e! to 66@ )i*e
E"o)/(e C#te+o(-: C
A2e(#+e B/i!*in+ Hei+%t: % B 8,.29@ Q 8.@
Section 27.5 (efe(ence) Section 25.A.A fo(
*i(ection#! (oce*/(e fo( 1$'RS Roof O2e(%#n+
!o#* *ete(min#tion.
E4ample-Roof O-erhang '(W)RS+
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 108 of 126
U)e C
B 6.9 in EC 25.A-8 fo( *ete(minin+ (oof #n* >#!!

!o#*) o2e( #n* #*P#cent to (oof o2e(%#n+
B CGC
-C
i
3GC
i
4 3)f4 3EC 25.A-84
G B 6.9. 3(i+i* )t(/ct/(e4 3Section 26.74
&
?t
B 8.66 3fo( com!e"4
&
*
B 6.9. 3B/i!*in+ 1$'RS43T#;!e 26.6-84
< B 88. m% 3fo( com!e"4
&
?
H ? B 86@ fo( )offit, &
?
B 6.9. 3T#;!e 25.,-84
C
?
B 6.662.6&
?
&
?t
&
*
<
2
3)f4 3EC 25.,-84
C
?
B 6.662.636.9.438.66436.9.4388.4
2
B 2A.A6 )f
GC
i
B 6.89 3Enc!o)e* ;/i!*in+43'i+/(e 26.88-84
T(#n)2e()e $in* Lo#*in+ +o2e(n), ;- In)ection
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 109 of 126
P(e))/(e on /n*e()i*e of (oof o2e(%#n+
B 32A.A6 )f436.9.436.94 D 32A.A6 )f436.894
B 82.2, )f 3o)iti2e inte(n#! (e))/(e4
B 32A.A6 )f436.9.436.94 D 32A.A6 )f43-6.894
B 28.6A )f 3ne+#ti2e inte(n#! (e))/(e4
Ente( 'i+/(e 25.A-8 fo( (e))/(e) on >in*>#(* (oof
%=L B 8,.29@=66@ B 6.22 Q 6.2.
C
B 6.2 3Con*ition 84
C
B -6., 3Con*ition 24
Con*ition 8
B 32A.A6 )f436.9.436.24 D 32A.A6 )f436.894
B 6.2A )f 3o)iti2e inte(n#! (e))/(e4
B 32A.A6 )f436.9.436.24 D 32A.A6 )f43-6.894
B 9..6 )f 3ne+#ti2e inte(n#! (e))/(e4
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 110 of 126
Con*ition 2
B 32A.A6 )f436.9.43-6.,4 D 32A.A6 )f436.894
B -86.6A )f 3o)iti2e inte(n#! (e))/(e4
B 32A.A6 )f436.9.43-6.,4 D32A.A6 )f43-6.894
B -8.9, )f 3ne+#ti2e inte(n#! (e))/(e4
Com;ine To 0 Bottom P(e))/(e) >it% S#me Inte(n#!
P(e))/(e Con*ition)
Note: )i+n) in*ic#te (e))/(e to>#(* o( #>#-
f(om )/(f#ce
C%#n+e )i+n) )o 3G4 i) /, +!o;#!!-
C%#n+e )i+n) )o 3-4 i) *o>n, +!o;#!!-
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 111 of 126
Po)iti2e Inte(n#! P(e))/(e

o2%
B 82.2, )f - 6.2A )f B 88.77 )f

o2%
B 82.2, )f G 86.6A )f B 22.95 )f
o2e(#!!
o2%
i) />#(*
Ne+#ti2e Inte(n#! P(e))/(e

o2%
B 28.6A )f D 9..6 )f B 82.A9 )f

o2%
B 28.6A )f G 8.9, )f B 22.95 )f
o2e(#!!
o2%
i) />#(*
Note: Net effect of inte(n#! (e))/(e) i) ?e(o )o
t%#t t%e tot#! /!ift on t%e o2e(%#n+ i) t%e )#me.
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 112 of 126
O2e(#!! (e))/(e on t%e Lee>#(* O2e(%#n+ i)
c#!c/!#te* t%e )#me >#-, ;/t /)e) t%e ne+#ti2e
(e))/(e on t%e >#!! imme*i#te!- #*P#cent to
t%e o2e(%#n+ fo( *o>n>#(* (e))/(e) on )offit.
B- in)ection, tot#! fo(ce on >in*>#(*
o2e(%#n+ >i!! cont(o!.
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 113 of 126
E4ample-Roof O-erhang
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 114 of 126
5 Roof O2e(%#n+ 3C 0 C4 3Section ,6.864
EC/iment B/i!*in+
Un!e)) ot%e(>i)e !i)te*, #(#mete() #(e
i*entic#! to t%o)e fo( t%e 1$'RS c#!c/!#tion)
Dete(mine C 0 C !o#*) fo( o2e(%#n+) of (oof
t(/))e), )#ce* #t 2@-6J o.c.
B C
%
S3GC
4 D 3GC
i
4T )f 3EC ,6.86-84
&
*
B 6.9. 3B/i!*in+ C0C4 3T#;!e 26.6-84
A!! ot%e( #(#mete() fo( C
%
#(e )#me #) fo(
1'$RS
E4ample-Roof O-erhang 'C & C+
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 115 of 126
C
%
B 6.662.636.9.438.66436.9.4388.4
2
B 2A.A6 )f
Ente( 'i+/(e ,6.A-2B fo( Roof O2e(%#n+ C 0 C coefficient)
Dete(mine Effecti2e $in* A(e# of St/*)
G(e#te( of T(i;/t#(- A(e# o( Effecti2e $i*t%
Effecti2e $in* A(e# Definition 3Section 26.24
G(e#te( of 2.6@ o( 3+o2e(n)4
Len+t%=, B ,@=, B 8.66@
Effecti2e $in* A(e#: ,@"2@ B 6.66 ft
2
If Effecti2e $in* A(e# F 566 ft
2
, /)e 1'$RS !o#*)
Dete(mine M#J *i)t#nce 3'i+/(e ,6.A-8 #n* ,6.A-2A4
Le))e( of 86N of B B 6.863,6@4 B ,@ #n* 6.A% B
6.A38,.29@4 B ..,8@
,@ +o2e(n)
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 116 of 126
Not !e)) t%#n t%e +(e#te( of AN of B B 6.6A3,6@4 B 8.2@
o( ,@ 3,@ cont(o!)4
# B ,@ 3eC/#! to >i*t% of o2e(%#n+U t%e(efo(e, Oone 8
(e))/(e) #(e not #!ic#;!e to #n- #(t of t%e
o2e(%#n+4
Oone 2: GC
B -2.2
B 32A.A6 )f4S3-2.24 D 36.894T B -.9.28 )f
>it% o)iti2e inte(n#! ;/i!*in+ (e))/(e
B 32A.A6 )f4S3-2.24 D 3-6.894T B -A7.A8 )f
>it% ne+#ti2e inte(n#! ;/i!*in+ (e))/(e
Oone ,: GC
B -,.5
B 32A.A6 )f4S3-,.54 D 36.894T B -7A.76 )f
>it% o)iti2e inte(n#! ;/i!*in+ (e))/(e
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 117 of 126
B 32A.A6 )f4S3-,.54 D 3-6.894T B -96.86 )f
>it% ne+#ti2e inte(n#! ;/i!*in+ (e))/(e
'o( t%e o2e(%#n+ o(tion of t%e t(/)):
T(i;/t#(- $i*t% B 2@
U>#(* fo(ce on t%e enti(e t(/)) en* i):
Oone 2: 3-.9.28 )f432@4 B -886.A2 !f
3/>#(*4
Oone ,: 3-7A.76 )f432@4 B -897.76 !f
3/>#(*4
T%e)e #(e NOT t%e !o#*) on t%e )offit m#te(i#! .
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 118 of 126
Section ,6.86 )t#te) t%#t t%e e"te(n#! coefficient fo( t%e
co2e(in+ on t%e /n*e()i*e of t%e (oof o2e(%#n+ 3)offit4 i) t%e
)#me #) t%e e"te(n#! (e))/(e coefficient on t%e #*P#cent
>#!! )/(f#ce, *ete(mine* f(om 'i+/(e ,6.A-8 o( 'i+/(e ,6.6-
8, #) #!ic#;!e.
U)e of t%e GC >it% ne+#ti2e inte(n#! (e))/(e -ie!*) t%e
+(e#te)t />#(* !o#* on t%e m#te(i#! on t%e /n*e()i*e of
t%e o2e(%#n+ on t%e >in*>#(* >#!!.
U)e of t%e GC >it% o)iti2e inte(n#! (e))/(e -ie!*) t%e
+(e#te)t *o>n>#(* !o#* on t%e m#te(i#! on t%e
/n*e()i*e of t%e o2e(%#n+ on t%e !ee>#(* >#!!.
'o( t%i) ;/i!*in+, #))/min+ effecti2e >in* #(e# i) t%e
)#me #) fo( t%e t(/)) o2e(%#n+:
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 119 of 126
$in*>#(* $#!! Soffit 1#te(i#! 3'i+/(e ,6.A-84
Oone A #n* Oone .: GC
B G8.6
B 32A.A6 )f4S38.64 D3-6.894T B 29.96 )f
#ctin+ />#(*
Lee>#(* $#!! Soffit 1#te(i#! 3'i+/(e ,6.A-84
Oone A: GC
B -8.8
B 32A.A6 )f4S3-8.84 D36.894T B -,8.,8 )f
3#ctin+ *o>n>#(*4
Oone .: GC
B -8.A
B 32A.A6 )f4S3-8.A4 D36.894T B -,9.6. )f
3#ctin+ *o>n>#(*4
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 120 of 126
5 C%emic#! Si!o 3Ot%e( St(/ct/(e 1$'RS4
3Section 27..4
Si!o Dimen)ion): % B 26@, D B ..6@
$e!*e* Stee! T#n:: )moot% )i*e), no !#**e(
Roof S!oe: 8:82 3conic#!4
1#"im/m (i)e: 2.. inc%e) 3con)i*e(
cont(i;/tion to >in* !o#*, ne+!i+i;!e4
Un!e)) ot%e(>i)e !i)te*, #(#mete() fo(
c#!c/!#tion of C
?
#(e i*entic#! to t%o)e fo( t%e
1$'RS c#!c/!#tion) fo( eC/iment ;/i!*in+.
' B C
?
GC
f
A
f
L;) 3EC 27..-84
E4ample- Chemical S=LO '(W)RS+
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 121 of 126
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 122 of 126
C
?
B 6.662.6&
?
&
?t
&
*
<
2
3)f4
&
?
B 6.76 3B/i!*in+ C0C4 3T#;!e 27.,-84
&
*
B 6.7. 3Ci(c/!#( T#n:)4 3T#;!e 26.6-84
G B 6.9. 3Ri+i* St(/ct/(e4 3Section 26.74
C
?
B 6.662.636.76438.66436.7.4388.4
2
B 29.7. )f
Go to T#;!e 27..-8
D=V C
?
B .@=SC(t329.7.)f4 B 6.7, Q 2..
Go to ;ottom (o>
%=D B 26@=.@ B A.6
1/)t inte(o!#te ;et>een %=DB8.6 #n* %=DB 5.6
C
f
B 6.5.
' B 329.7. )f436.9.436.5.4 A
f
B 389.A. )f4A
f
' B 389.A. )f4A
f
Q 386)f4A
f
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 123 of 126
A
f
B .@"26@ B 866 ft
2
' B 389.A. )f43866 ft
2
4 B 89A. L;)
T%i) i) con)e(2#ti2e, OR c#!c/!#te ' fo( inc(e#)e in
(e))/(e #) %ei+%t inc(e#)e)
C
8.
B 6.662.636.9.438.66436.7.488.
2
B 25.,A )f
C
38.-264
B 6.662.,36.76438.66436.7.4 388.4
2
B 29.7. )f
'o( 6-8.@: D=V C
?
B .@=SC(t325.,A)f4 B 6.76 Q 2..
C
f
B 6.5.
'
6-8.
B 325.,A )f436.9.436.5.4Af B 85.A, )f A
f
F 86 )f A
f
'
6-8.
B 385.A, )f43.@438.@4 B 8,65 L;).
'
8.-26
B 389.A. )f43.@43.@4 B A68 L;).
Tot#! ' on Si!o: 8,65 L;) G A68 L;) B 8569 L;)
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 124 of 126
Con)e(2#ti2e OT1: 389A. L;)4386@4 B 89,A.6 ft-!;)
1o(e Det#i!e* OT1: 38,65 L;)438.@=24G3A68
L;)438.@G.@=24 B 85,956 ft-!;)
T%e t#!!e( t%e )t(/ct/(e i), t%e mo(e imo(t#nt it i) to
/)e t%e )tee* >in* fo(ce #(o#c%.
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 125 of 126
Ruestions
Wind Webinar #3
26 February 2013
Page 126 of 126

Wind Load - Signs

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Wind Load - Signs

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WIND WEBINAR SERIES #3:

ASCE 710 Wind Loads for Signs, Other

B 3,6.6. )f438..4 B A..79 )f #ctin+ to>#(* ;/i!*in+

B 3,6.6. )f43-8.64 B -,6.6. )f #ctin+ #>#- f(om

B 36.748.6 B 6.7 Oone A

in Oone) 2 #n* , )%#!! ;e

B 6.2 3o>n>#( comonent4

B 6.9 in EC 25.A-8 fo( ete(minin+ (oof #n >#!!

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