DIVINE WORD COLLEGE OF CALAPAN

ORGANIZATION OF FUTURE LAW ENFORCERS

S.Y. 2012 - 2013



THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A
DIVERSIFIED METHOD FOR THE
PREVENTION AND CONTROL
OF TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS




Submitted in partial fulfillment in Traffic Accident and Investigation
(CDI 2)



Submitted by:

JOVIE ROSE D. DACOYCOY
ALAIN ANTHONY O. AGPALO
LEOWEL H. BEJASA
AILEEN A. ARELLANO
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REYNARD M. BERCASIO
ALDRIN R. FESTIN
KRYTE C. PEREZ
MARK ANTHONY R. BARREDO
LIAM JOSEPH D. ACEVEDA
MAYROSE O. SOLIS
CAMILLE R. UNTALAN
HERME S. DELA CRUZ
BRANDON RAY M. RAPAL
JESSE D. AGUBA
CARLOS PEEJAY B. EVANGELIO
CHRISTIAN BYRON D. MELO
RAQUEL P. FADEROGAYA
KENEDY MANUEL M. BUHALI


BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY






Submitted to:

MS. JANENOVELLE A. CUENCA
Professor






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October 2012



INTRODUCTION

Road Accident is collision between any vehicles or it can be with any pedestrian,
animal or the hindrance placed in the middle of the road. Accidents are very common
in big cities as there are many modes of transport and road are narrow and
overcrowded. We hear of them and read about them in newspapers almost daily. The
accident occurred could result in many injuries or damage to the property.

There are various factors which come into account which can be the reason of
accident that is design of the road, driver's impairment and vehicle design which can
cause serious and most dangerous types of accidents. Such accidents often result in loss
of life and material. These are caused by the carelessness of the drivers and their
ignorance and negligence of the traffic rules.

The standards or regulating movements on roads, streets and highways are
found in traffic laws, rules, and regulations. In addition, traffic signs, pavement
markings, and other control devices are traffic law themselves and violations of such
constitute misdemeanor or infraction of law.











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DEFINITION OF TERMS

To clearly comprehend this study, the following terms are defined;

Driver shall mean every and any licensed operator of a motor vehicle.
Highways every public thoroughfare, public boulevard, driveway, avenue,
park, alley and callejon, but shall not include roadway upon grounds owned by
private persons, colleges, universities or other similar instructions.
Motor Vehicle shall mean any vehicle propelled by any power other than
muscular power using the public highways, but excepting road rollers, trolley
cars, street sweepers, sprinklers, lawn movers, bulldozers, graders, fork-lifts,
amphibian trucks, and cranes if not used in public highways, vehicles which run
only on rails or tracks, and tractors and traction engines of all kinds used
exclusively for agricultural purposes.
Motor Vehicle Traffic Accident any motor vehicle accident occurring on a
traffic way.
Parking or Parked shall mean that a motor vehicle is parked or parking if it has
been brought to a stop on the shoulder or proper edge of a highway, and remains
inactive in that place or close thereto for an appreciable period of time.
Traffic Accident an accident involving travel transportation on a traffic way.









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DISCUSSION

Research studies in the United Kingdom have shown that human factors
contribute to the ninety-five percent (95%) of accidents, road factors to about one
quarter of a percent, and vehicle factors to fewer than five percent.

Human errors include:
Going too fast or excessive speed;
Failing to give at junctions;
Following too closely;
Overtaking immediately;
Misperceiving or misjudging the road situation ahead;
Intoxication of alcohol or drug; and
Lack of skill.

Road deficiencies that are main contributory factors are:
Poor design of layout and control at junctions;
Inadequate signing, road marking, and lighting;
Slippery roads; and
Obstructions on the road such as parked vehicle, on going road
construction, etc.

Main vehicle factors are:
Defects in tires, brakes, and lights;
Absence or non-using of seat belts; and
Poorly maintained motor vehicles.




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TRAFFIC ACCIDENT PROPER






















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FIRST RESPONDERS REPORT
VEHICULAR/TRAFFIC ACCIDENT REPORT

_______________________
Date
I. POLICE RESPONSE DATA

1. Date/Time Information Received: _________________________________________
2. Source of Information: __________________________________________________
3. Address/Location/Tel No.: _______________________________________________
4. Responding Unit/Mob Car: _________________ 6. Assisting Car/s: ________
5. Crew Ldr/Members: ______________________ 7. Crew Ldr/Members: _____
8. Time of Arrival at the Scene: _______________

II. ACCIDENT DATA

1. Place of Accident: _______________________ 3. Date/Time of Accident: __
2. Vehicle/s Involved: _______________________ 4. Name of Drivers: _______
6. Name of Vehicle Owner/s: _______________________________________________
7. Witness Name and Address: _____________________________________________
8. Road/Weather Condition: _______________________________________________
9. Condition of Driver/s: _____________________ 10. Condition of Vehicle/s: _

III. ACTIONS TAKEN Yes No

a. Notified Opn Center/Higher Hqs Person Contacted: ________
b. Requested dispatch of Traffic Investigator Time Contacted: __________
c. Alerted units for dragnet opn
(in case of Hit-and-Run)
Motor Vehicle ID:
Type: ___________________ Color: ________ Plate No.: _________
Name /Identity of Driver: _____________________________________________
d. Secured the Accident/Fire Scene
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e. Requested for Ambulance Ambulance ID/Designation:
f. In case of Fire, notified nearest Fire Dept. Fire Alarm Received: ______
g. Established Fire Line in Coordination Name of Duty Ofcr: _______
with Fire Ground Comdr (FGC) Rank/Name of FGC: ______
No. of Firetrucks Responded:
h. No. of Casualties: (Identity)
Died On-the-Spot: ________________________ Injured: _________________
i. Sought assistance of civilians No. of Persons: ___________
j. Evacuated casualties to hospital/ If No, identity of person/s
clinic who brought casualties to
hospital: ________________
k. Performed traffic direction and
control
l. Moved vehicles to ease traffic flow Note: Use reverse side to
m. Marked NV positions before sketch relative positions
moving them of MVs.
n. Took pictures of MV positions
o. Turnover the case to responding Date/Time: ______________
traffic investigators Name of Investigator/s: ____

IV. REMARKS:

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________




____________________________________
Rank/Name/Signature of Team Leader






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CONCLUSION

It is therefore concluded in this study that there are some reasons that violates
traffic laws. The following are the common reasons why road users violate traffic laws,
rules, and regulations and other traffic statutes;
Physical disabilities or infirmities of the driver,
Ignorance of the traffic, or unawareness on traffic rules and regulations by
the road user,
Lack of training and experience on driving on the part of the driver,
Drivers lack of concern and interest towards the signs, signals and
markings on traffic.
The pavements of all main highways have certain markings to help road users to
drive safely, those includes the center lines, barrier lines, and directional arrows,
depending upon the type of highways and the needs for such markings to make the
road safe under varying conditions, but these markings are vanishing and fading away
as time goes by, therefore there could be a possibility that accidents will transpire on a
particular area.
Everyday many people are involved in road accidents. Some are killed. Many
more are injured. So it is important for us to learn to use the roads properly and safely.
No sane person would like to be involved in an accident.
As the roads are very busy nowadays, we should be very careful when crossing
one. It is safer to use a pedestrian crossing or an overhead bridge whenever one is
available. Never cross a road by dashing across it. That is inviting trouble. If there are
no crossings, then we must look carefully right and left and cross only when it is safe to
do so.





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RECOMMENDATION

It is highly recommended in this study that the following recommendations must
be observed;

To the government, through its Department of Public Works and
Highways (DPWH), the main executive department which is responsible for the
planning, construction and maintenance of traffic facilities particularly those
categorized as national highways and other major road arteries.

To the Philippine National Police (PNP) through its Traffic
Management Group (TMG), they should be responsible primarily for the direct
enforcement of traffic laws, rules, and regulations. They should also perform other
functions such as conducting of information dissemination campaign, submitting traffic
scheme proposals, and other functions as need arises.

To the traffic law enforcers, traffic investigators, and other competent
authorities, traffic accidents occur due to varying circumstances and only after
thorough investigation, when liability and responsibility can be ascertained.
Notwithstanding, that no driver will readily accept that he initiated the accident, with
these, the above-mentioned authorities are faced with a large task of bringing out the
truth on who should be held responsible for the traffic accident, particularly.
It is highly recommended that their primary concern should determine how
and why the accident occurred.

To all road users, much traffic congestion are caused by slow and
unskilled drivers and traffic accidents are mostly attributed to human errors. They
should comply with the norms of driving to prevent accident, particularly in driving.

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To the academic institution, primary, secondary and tertiary levels, they
are responsible for the basic traffic education by integrating their respective programs
and curriculum subjects or topics on traffic education.

To the media and other networking and communication companies,
provide necessary and updated traffic related information dissemination to the public
through radio and television broadcasting programs.

To other responsible agencies, they are accountable in one way or
another help in the easing of traffic related problems.






















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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Traffic Accident Investigation
Websters Dictionary
www.google.com
www.yahoo.com
http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/hsprograms/investig.html
http://www.businessteacher.org.uk/free-management-
essays/roadaccident/#ixzz28Cz9tpQ5
www.scribd.com
www.wikipedia.com
















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