Law

A body of rules of conduct of binding legal force and effect, prescribed, recognized, and
enforced by controlling authority.
the system of rules that a particular country or community recognizes as regulating the
actions of its members and may enforce by the imposition of penalties.
a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institutions to govern
behaviour. Laws can be made by legislatures through legislation (resulting in statutes), the
executive through decrees and regulations, or judges through binding precedents (normally
in common law jurisdictions). Private individuals can create legally binding contracts,
including (in some jurisdictions) arbitration agreements that exclude the normal court
process. The formation of laws themselves may be influenced by a constitution (written or
unwritten) and the rights encoded therein. The law shapes politics, economics, and society
in various ways and serves as a mediator of relations between people.
Public Law
is that part of law which governs relationships between individuals and the government,
and those relationships between individuals which are of direct concern to the society.
Public law comprises constitutional law, administrative law, tax law and criminal law, as
well as all procedural law. In public law, mandatory rules (not optional) prevail. Laws
concerning relationships between individuals belong to private law.
is that area of constitutional, administrative, criminal, and International Law that focuses on
the organization of the government, the relations between the state and its citizens, the
responsibilities of government officials, and the relations between sister states. It is
concerned with political matters, including the powers, rights, capacities, and duties of
various levels of government and government officials.
Private Law
is that part of a civil law legal system which is part of the jus commune that involves
relationships between individuals, such as the law of contracts or torts (as it is called in the
common law), and the law of obligations (as it is called in civil legal systems). It is to be
distinguished from public law, which deals with relationships between both natural and
artificial persons (i.e., organizations) and the state, including regulatory statutes, penal law
and other law that affects the public order. In general terms, private law involves
interactions between private citizens, whereas public law involves interrelations between
the state and the general population.
Constitutional law is the body of law which defines the relationship of different entities within a
State, namely, the executive, the legislature, and the judiciary.
Political Lawis that branch of public law which deals with the organization and operations of the
governmental organs of the State and defines the relations of the State with the inhabitants of its
territory