THEORY1

Structural Theory 1

Chapter 3

Statically Determinate Rigid Frames and Composite Structures;

Analysis of Statically Determinate Rigid Frames;
- a rigid frame is a structure composed of members, which are connected by
relatively stiff or rigid joints. In steel structures, welded or riveted joints
may be designed as rigid joints, although beam-to-column connections are often
designed as semi-rigid or flexible, whether they are welded or riveted. In
reinforced concrete structures, monolithic construction is used and the concrete
in the members meeting at a joint can be poured usually at one time, thus
forming a rigid joint. A rigid joint may exert a restraining moment at the end
of a member, as distinguished from a pin-connected joint, which offers no such
resistance.
In the analysis of rigid frames, it is first necessary to find the
external reaction components. Free-body diagrams of all members are then drawn
and from these variations in direct stress, shear and bending moment in each
individual member may be readily computed. It should be noted that the forces
and moments (or couples) acting on each free-body diagram, whether it is that of
a joint, a member or the whole frame, must satisfy the three fundamental
equations of equilibrium of a general coplanar-force system. It should also be
taken into account that the analysis is self-checking, because by progressive
use of the law of actions and reactions (forces and moments) are equal and
opposite, one completely defined free body can be obtained in the end and the
equilibrium of this last free body ensures the correctness of the solution.
EX. Draw the shear and bending moment diagrams for all members and joints of the
rigid frame shown.

10 kN/m
2 m

5 m

10 kN/m
C
D

20 kN

20 kN

HA

A
4 m
FBD of AB

10 kN/m

HB

MB

VA

FBD of BC

VB
20

VC

20

MC

20

40

20

40

-40

20

-120
20

-20

20

20

-20

-40

20

40

20

-20

40

10 kN/m
120

120

40

20

-40

-120

20

FBD of CD

HC

120
40

MA

Engr. I.R. Bonzon

THEORY1

Structural Theory 1

Chapter 3

(+) Fy = 0;

VA - 10(4) = 0;

VA

40.0 kN

HA

20.0 kN

MA

20.0 kN-m

VB

40.0 kN

HB

20.0 kN

MB

120.0 kN-m

VC

HC

20.0 kN

MC

40.0 kN-m

(+) Fx = 0;

H A - 20 = 0;
(+) M A = 0;
10(4)(2) 20(3) - M A = 0;
for segment AB,
(+) Fy = 0;
40 - VB = 0;
(+) Fx = 0;
20 - H B = 0;
(+) M B = 0;

M B - 20 20(5) = 0;
for segment BC,
(+) Fy = 0;

VC + 40 - 10(4) = 0;
(+) Fx = 0;
20 - H C = 0;
(+) M C = 0;
40(4) 120 10(4)(2) + M C = 0;

Engr. I.R. Bonzon

THEORY1

Structural Theory 1

Chapter 3

EX. Draw the shear and bending moment diagrams for all members and joints of the
rigid frame shown.
2 m

4 m

2 m

5 kN/m

40 kN
4 m

5 kN/m

40 kN

4 m

HA
VA

FBD of AB

FBD of BC

VB
5 kN/m

FBD of CD

40 kN

MB

HB

VD

20

MC

40

VC

20
20
40
40

20

40

20

5 kN/m

20

20
20

-20

20

20

40

-20

20

120
40
0

(+) M A = 0;
5(4)(2) + 40(2) - VD (6) = 0;

VD

20.0 kN

VA

20.0 kN

HA

20.0 kN

(+)
M D = 0;

VA (6) + 5(4)(2) 40(4) = 0;

(+) Fx = 0;
5(4) - H A = 0;
Engr. I.R. Bonzon

THEORY1

Structural Theory 1

Chapter 3

Check;
(+) Fy = 0;

20 + 20 40 = 0;

ok

for segment AB,

(+) Fy = 0;
20 - VB = 0;

VB

20.0 kN

HB

MB

40.0 kN-m

VC

20.0 kN

MC

(+) Fx = 0;

H B + 5(4) - 20

= 0;

(+) M B = 0;
20(4) 5(4)(2) - M B = 0;
for segment BC,
(+) Fy = 0;

VC + 20 - 40 = 0;
(+) M C = 0;
20(6) + 40 40(4) - M C = 0;

Engr. I.R. Bonzon

THEORY1

Structural Theory 1

Chapter 3

EX. Draw the shear and bending moment diagrams for all members and joints of the
rigid frame shown.
5 m

2 m

30 kN

20 kN/m
30 kN

20 kN

20 kN
2 m

3 m1 m

20 kN/m

HD

HA

VA
FBD of AB

VD

FBD of BC

VB

FBD of CD
60

20 kN/m

MB H
B

HC
MC

20

30 kN

10

40

20

20

VC

40
10
20 kN/m
40

10

60

20
40

60

10
30

30

20

-60

20

50

20

20

10

40

-40

40

-20

2 m

10
10

10

-20

(+) M A = 0;
30(3) + 20(5)(2.5) 20(2) - VD (5) = 0;

VD

60.0 kN

VA

40.0 kN

(+)
M D = 0;
20(2) + 20(5)(2.5) 30(3) - VA (5) = 0;
(+) Fx = 0;
Engr. I.R. Bonzon

THEORY1

Structural Theory 1

Chapter 3

30 20 - H A = 0;

HA

40.0 kN

HB

20.0 kN

MB

10.0 kN-m

VC

60.0 kN

HC

20.0 kN

MC

40.0 kN-m

10.0 kN

Check;
(+) Fy = 0;
30 10 20 = 0;

ok

for segment AB,

(+) Fy = 0;
40 - VB = 0;

VB

(+) Fx = 0;

H B + 30 10 = 0;
(+) M B = 0;
10(4) 30(1) - M B = 0;
for segment BC,
(+) Fy = 0;

VC + 40 20(5) = 0;
(+) Fx = 0;
20 - H C = 0;
(+)+ M C

= 0;

40(5) 20(5)(2.5) + 10 + M C = 0;

Engr. I.R. Bonzon

THEORY1

Structural Theory 1

Chapter 3

EX. Draw the shear and bending moment diagrams for all members and joints of the
rigid frame shown.

2 m 2 m

20 kN

20 kN

10 kN

20 kN

20 kN

10 kN

20 kN

20 kN
A

HA

2 m 2 m 2 m 2 m

VA
FBD of AB

FBD of BF

VB

20 kN

MB H
B

FBD of C

FBD of GE

40

MF

20

VF

10 kN

MG

20

MC

20 kN
20

FBD of CD

20 kN

40

10

VD

30

VG

10

VC
10

40
20

20

40

10
40

30

10
10

10
20

20

20

10

20

40

10
20

40

60

30
40

20
0

20

(+) M A = 0;
20(2) + 20(2) + 20(4) + 10(8) - VD (6) = 0;

VD

40.0 kN

VA

10.0 kN

(+)
M D = 0;

VA (6) + 20(2) 20(4) 20(2) + 10(2) = 0;

Engr. I.R. Bonzon

THEORY1

Structural Theory 1

Chapter 3

(+) Fx = 0;
20 - H A = 0;

HA

20.0 kN

VB

10.0 kN

HB

MB

VF

30.0 kN

MF

20.0 kN-m

VG

10.0 kN

MG

20.0 kN-m

Check;
(+) Fy = 0;
10 + 40 + 20 + 20 + 10 = 0;

ok

for segment AB,

(+) Fy = 0;
10 - VB = 0;
(+) Fx = 0;

H B + 20 - 20

= 0;

(+) M B = 0;
20(4) 20(2) - M B = 0;

40.0 kN-m

for segment BF,

(+) Fy = 0;

VF + 10 20 - 20 = 0;
(+) M C

= 0;

10(6) + 40 20(4) 20(2) + M F

= 0;

for segment GE,

(+) Fy = 0;

VG - 10 = 0;
(+) M C

= 0;

10(2) M G = 0;
for joint C,
(+) M C

Engr. I.R. Bonzon

= 0;

THEORY1

Structural Theory 1

Chapter 3

-20 + 20 - M C = 0;

MC

VC

(+) Fy = 0;
30 + 10 - VC = 0;

40.0 kN

10 3m m

EX. Draw the shear and bending

moment diagrams for all members
10 kN-m
10 kN-m and joints of the
rigid frame shown.
C
30 kN
B

E
5 m

30 kN

HA

10 m

FBD of AB

VA

VE

FBD of BC

FBD of CD

FBD of DE

10 kN/m

10 kN/m

VB
MB

MC

30 kN

HB

MD

300

VC

VD

55

30

55

300

4.29

4.29

300

30

30

95

450
7.35 kN/m

300

95

450

47.16

D
450

30

47.16

300

450

4.79

C
9.17 kN/m

4.79

D
450

451.1
90.99

Engr. I.R. Bonzon

9
90.99

THEORY1

Structural Theory 1

Chapter 3

(+) M A = 0;
30(10) + 10(15)(7.5) - VE (15) = 0;

VE

95.0 kN

VA

55.0 kN

HA

30.0 kN

VB

55.0 kN

HB

MB

5.0 kN

(+) M E = 0;

VA (15) + 30(10) 10(15)(7.5) = 0;

(+) Fx = 0;
30 - H A = 0;
Check;
(+) Fy = 0;
55 + 95 + 10(15) = 0;

ok

for segment AB,

(+) Fy = 0;
55 - VB = 0;
(+) Fx = 0;

H B + 20 - 20

= 0;

(+) M B = 0;
30(10) - M B = 0;

300.0 kN-m

for segment BC,

(+) Fy = 0;
55 10(5) - VC = 0;

VC

(+) M C = 0;

Engr. I.R. Bonzon

10

THEORY1

Structural Theory 1

Chapter 3

300 + 55(5) 10(5)(2.5) - M C = 0;

MC

450.0 kN-m

for segment CE,

(+) Fy = 0;

VD + 5 10(10) = 0;

(+) M D

VD

95.0 kN

MD

= 0;

450 + 5(10) 10(10)(5) - M D

= 0;

Analysis of Statically Determinate Composite Structures;

- there are structures in which some members are primarily subjected to direct
stresses and others to bending stresses. Such structures may be called beam
trusses or truss beams but are commonly known as composite structures. In
analyzing composite structures, it is important to recognize which members are
two-force members and which are three-force members. A two-force member is one
which is pin-connected at both ends and is not subjected to any load between the
end joints. A member that does not satisfy these requirements is a three-force
member. Thus, when a member is treated as a two-force member, its own weight
must not be considered in the analysis (unless the member is in the vertical
position, in which case the member is subjected to a variable axial stress
only).
Once the two-force members are differentiated from the three-force
members in a composite structure, free-body diagrams can be sketched. The
forces and moments acting on each free-body diagram may be determined by using
freely the three equations of statics and the fact that actions and reactions
are always equal and opposite.

2.5 m

EX. Analyze completely the composite structure shown.

HC VC
C

HA

A
B

VA

VB

84 kN

HB

60 kN
3.5 m

2.5 m

25 kN

60 kN
87.5

25
35
25

Engr. I.R. Bonzon

60

35

11

THEORY1

Structural Theory 1

Chapter 3

(+) M A = 0;
60(3.5) - H C (2.5) = 0;

HC

35.0 kN

84.0 kN

VA

HB

84.0 kN

VB

35.0 kN

84.0 kN

by ratio and proportion,

VC

2.5
6.0
2.5
6.0

HC
(84.0)

for the whole structure,

(+) Fx = 0;

H A - 84 =

= 0;

HA

(+) Fy = 0;

VA - 60 + 35 = 0;

25.0 kN

for segment AB,

(+) Fx = 0;
84 - H B = 0;
(+) Fy = 0;
25 - VB = 0;

Engr. I.R. Bonzon

12

THEORY1

Structural Theory 1

Chapter 3

EX. Analyze completely the composite structure shown in the figure.

2.5 m 1.5 m

4.0 m

3.0 m

3.0 m

FBD of AB

75 kN

C
40

HA

HD

VA

10

A
35

VE
FBD of CD

FBD of BC
75
B

20

30

40 kN

30

20

35

40
C

35

30

30

40

30

40

20

30

-20

75
B

30

25

40

20

35

40

35

10

40

10

120

-20

(+) M A = 0;
40(2.5) + 75(4) - VD (10.0) = 0;

Engr. I.R. Bonzon

VD

40.0 k

13

THEORY1

Structural Theory 1

Chapter 3

by ratio and proportion,

HD

3
4
3
4

VD
(40.0)

30.0 kN

35.0 kN

HA

10.0 kN

HB

30.0 kN

VB

35.0 kN

MB

20.0 kN-m

HC

30.0 kN

VC

for the whole structure,

(+)
M D = 0;
40(2.5) - 75(6.0) + VA (10.0) = 0;

VA

(+) Fx = 0;
40 30 - H A = 0;
for segment AB,
(+) Fx = 0;

H B + 10 40 = 0;
(+) Fy = 0;
35 - VB = 0;
(+) M B = 0;
10(4.0) 40(1.5) + M B = 0;
for segment BC,
(+) Fx = 0;
30 - H C = 0;
(+) Fy = 0;

VC + 35 75 = 0;

40.0 kN

(+) M C = 0;
35(7.0) 75(3.0) - 20 - M C = 0;

Engr. I.R. Bonzon

MC

14