ASSIGNMENT I

TRANSLATING
-ING FORM CONSTRUCTION




















JURUSAN S1 TEKNIK PERMINYAKAN

SEKOLAH TINGGI TEKNOLOGI MINYAK DAN GAS BUMI

BALIKPAPAN

2012/2013
NAME : Diah Wulandari
NIM : 1201008
CLASS : REGULER - A
I. INTRODUCTION

A. WHAT IS THE ING FORM CONSTRUCTION
The Ing Form Contruction is the form of an English verb ending in -
ing, which can function as a noun, as an adjective, and in the formation of
progressive tenses.
The present participle is a participle that ends in -ing. It can be used with the
auxilliary verb 'to be' to form the continuous tense. It always takes the ing form of
the verb, even irregular verbs have an ...ing form, in fact virtually all English words
that end with ing are present participles. The present participle can also be used as a
noun denoting the action of a verb a gerund. But remember the present participle can
be used as a verb or an adjective whilst the gerund is used as a noun.
A gerund is a verbal that ends in -ing and functions as a noun. The
term verbal indicates that a gerund, like the other two kinds of verbals, is
based on a verb and therefore expresses action or a state of being. However,
since a gerund functions as a noun, it occupies some positions in a sentence
that a noun ordinarily would, for example: subject, direct object, subject
complement, and object of preposition.

II. CONTENT

A. TRANSLATING PRESENT PARTICIPLE
The present participle of most verbs has the form base + ing and is
used in the following ways :
1. As part of the continuous form of a verb
(See continuous tenses in VERB TENSES)
Example :
Was he studying when I arriaved at home? (apakah dia belajar ketika
aku sampai dirumah?)
He was fishing (Ia sedang memancing)
They have been watching the movies (Mereka sedang menonton film
itu)
She have been waiting (dia sudah menunggu)
He was telling to his girl what he feels (dia telah memberitahukan
kepada pacarnya apa yang ia rasakan)

2. After verbs of movement/position in the pattern: verb + present participle
Example :
He went playing football with his friends (Ia pergi bermain sepak bola
bersama teman-temannya)
She looking to the sky and wishpers (dia memandang langit dan
berbisik)
He came running towards me and hug me tight (Ia datang berlari
menghampiriku dan kemudian memelukku erat)
He is swimming in the midnight (dia berenang ketika tengah malam)
She was planning her party a weeks ago (dia telah merencanakan
perstanya seminggu yang lalu)
Note : This construction is particularly useful with the verb 'to go', as
in these common expressions :
to go shopping, to go fishing, to go surfing, to go walking, to go swimming,
to go running, to go dancing, etc.

3. After verbs of perception in the pattern :
verb + object + present participle
Example :
I heard someone singing. (Saya mendengar seseorang bernyanyi)
I heard someone screaming last night. ( aku mendengar seseorang
berteriak kemarin malam)
He saw his friend walking along the road. (Ia melihat temannya
berjalan sepanjang jalan)
I can smell something burning! (Saya bisa mencium sesuatu yang
terbakar)
NOTE : There is a difference in meaning when such a sentence contains a
zero-infinitiverather than a participle. The infinitive refers to a complete
action, but the participle refers to an incomplete action, or part of an
action.
Compare :
I heard Joanna singing (= she had started before I heard her, and
probably went on afterwards)
I heard Joanna sing (= I heard her complete performance)

4. As an adjective
It has a function as an adjective.
Example :
It was an amazing film. (Itu film yang luar biasa)
It's a bit worrying when the police stop you (itu tadi sedikit
mengkhawatirkna ketika polisi menyuruhmu untuk berhenti)
Today is a tiring day ( hari ini adalah hari yang melelahkan)
She wake up early to see a shinning sunrises (dia bangun sangat pagi
untuk melihat matahari terbit)
It is an amazing view (ini adalah pemandangan yang luar biasa)

5. With the verbs spend and waste, in the pattern :
verb + time/money expression + present participle
Example :
My boss spends two hours a day travelling to work. (atasanku
menghabiskan 2 jam sehari untuk perjalanan ke kantor)
Don't waste time playing computer games! (jangan membuang
waktumu untuk bermain permainan dikomputer)
They've spent the whole day shopping (mereka menghabiskan waktu
seharian untuk berbelanja)
She spent so much for skin caring (dia menghabiskan sangat banyak
uang untuk memanjakan kulitnya)
They have waste their time to thinking about a small problem ( mereka
sudah membuang-buang waktu mereka untuk memikirkan tentang
masalah kecil)

6. With the verbs catch and find, in the pattern :
verb + object + present participle:
With catch, the participle always refers to an action which causes
annoyance or anger:
If I catch you stealing my apples again, there'll be trouble! (jika aku
melihatmu mencuri apelku lagi, kamu akan mendapatkan masalah)
Don't let him catch you reading his letters. (jangan biarkan dia
melihatmu membaca suratnya)

7. To replace a sentence or part of a sentence :
When two actions occur at the same time, and are done by the same
person or thing, we can use a present participle to describe one of them :
They went out into the snow. They laughed as they went. They went
laughing out into the snow.
He whistled to himself. He walked down the road. Whistling to
himself, he walked down the road.
When one action follows very quickly after another done by the same
person or thing, we can express the first action with a present participle :
He put on his coat and left the house. Putting on his coat, he left the
house.
She dropped the gun and put her hands in the air. Dropping the gun,
she put her hands in the air.

8. Time Temporal (when, while)
Example :
Waiting for the bus, I met an old friend. ( Ketika menunggu bus, saya
bertemu teman lama )
Going to the market, I got stolen. ( Ketika pergi ke pasar, saya
kecopetan)
Complaining the soup, the manager came out (ketika sedang
menyatakan ketidak puasan dengan sup nya, manajernya keluar)
Telling my stories, the schools bell is ring (ketika sedang menceritakan
ceritaku, bel sekolah berbunyi)
Driving house, an accident happened (ketika dalam perjalanan pulang,
ada sebuah kecelakaan terjadi)

9. Concessive (although, eventhough, though, etc)
Example :
Lydia loves me knowing my weaknesses (Lydia mencintaiku walaupun
dia mengetahui kelemahanku)

10. Cause Effect (because)
The present participle can be used instead of a phrase starting as, since,
because, and it explains the cause or reason for an action :
Example :
Beating roughly, makes her hospitalzed.
( Karena pukulan yang kasar, membuatnya masuk ke rumah sakit )
Feeling hungry, he went into the kitchen and opened the fridge.
( Karena rasa lapar, dia pergi ke dapur dan membuka lemari es )
Being accepted in three well known universites, Intan gets confused to
choose.
( Karena diterima di tiga universitas terkenal, Intan menjadi bingung
memilih )
Being poor, he didn't spend much on clothes. ( Karena miskin, dia tidak
menghabiskan banyak baju )
Knowing that his mother was coming, he cleaned the flat. ( Karena
mengetahui bahwa ibunya datang, dia membersihkan lantai )

11. Conditional (would)
Example :
Being ignored by him, she killed her self ( Merasa terabaikan olehnya,
ia bunuh diri )
Crying would makes her eyes looks bad (menangis setiap hari akan
membuat matanya menjadi buruk)
Cleaning her room, makes she feel comfort to stay in her room
everyday ( membersihkan kamarnya akan membuat dia merasa nyaman
untuk berada di kamarnya setiap hari)

B. TRANSLATING GERUND
A gerund is a noun made from a verb by adding "-ing." The gerund form
of the verb "read" is "reading." You can use a gerund as the subject, direct
object, the complement, or the object of a sentence.
1. Gerund as subject :
Traveling might satisfy your desire for new experiences. (Traveling is
the gerund)
Solving problems is satisfying. (Solving is the gerund)
Jogging is boring. (Jogging is the gerund)
Sleeping too much made me lazy. (Eating is the gerund)
knowing the facts won't hurt you (Investigating is the gerund)

2. Gerund as direct object :
They do not appreciate my singing. (The gerund is singing)
I like solving problems. (The gerund is solving)
He has started jogging. (The gerund is jogging)
She avoids eating too much. (The gerund is eating)
We tried investigating the facts. (The gerund is investigating)

3. Gerund as subject complement :
My cat's favorite activity is sleeping. (The gerund is sleeping)
One of his duties is attending meetings. ( The gerund is attending)
The hardest thing about learning English is understanding the gerund. (
The gerund is understanding)
One of life's pleasures is having breakfast in bed. (The gerund is
having)
4. Gerund as object of preposition, The gerund must be used when a verb
comes after a preposition :
She is good at painting. ( The gerund is painting)
No one is better at solving problems. (The gerund is solving)
Before jogging, she stretches. (The gerund is jogging)
We arrived in Balikpapan after driving all night. (The gerund is
driving)
After investigating the facts, we made a decision. (The gerund is
investigating)
5. after the expressions : cant help, cant stand, its no use/good, and the
adjective worth
I can't stand being stuck in traffic jams. (The gerund is being)
She couldn't help falling in love with him. (The gerund is falling)
It's no use/good trying to escape. (The gerund is trying)
It might be worth phoning the station to check the time of the train.
(The gerund is phoning)
A gerund phrase is a group of words consisting of a gerund and the
modifier(s) and/or (pro)noun(s) or noun phrase(s) that function as the direct
object(s), indirect object(s), or complement(s) of the action or state expressed
in the gerund, such as :
1. The gerund phrase functions as the subject of the sentence.
Finding a needle in a haystack would be easier than what we're trying
to do.
- Finding (gerund)
- a needle (direct object of action expressed in gerund)
- in a haystack (prepositional phrase as adverb)

2. The gerund phrase functions as the direct object of the verb appreciate.
I hope that you appreciate my offering you this opportunity.
- my (possessive pronoun adjective form, modifying the gerund)
- offering (gerund)
- you (indirect object of action expressed in gerund)
- this opportunity (direct object of action expressed in gerund)

3. The gerund phrase functions as the subject complement.
Tom's favorite tactic has been jabbering away to his constituents.
- jabbering away to (gerund)
- his constituents (direct object of action expressed in gerund)

4. The gerund phrase functions as the object of the preposition for.
You might get in trouble for faking an illness to avoid work.
- faking (gerund)
- an illness (direct object of action expressed in gerund)
- to avoid work (infinitive phrase as adverb)

5. The gerund phrase functions as the subject of the sentence.
Being the boss made Jeff feel uneasy.
- Being (gerund)
- the boss (subject complement for Jeff, via state of being expressed
in gerund)

III. CONCLUSION
1. -ing form devide in two form, present participle and gerund.
2. The present participle can also be used as a noun, verb, and adj.
3. You can use a gerund as the subject, direct object, the complement, or
the object of a sentence.