Fugitive Dust Emission Source Categories

Fugitive dust emissions, as represented in the WRAP modeling inventories, include

the following general source categories:
Agricultural Operations
Construction and Mining Operations
Road Dust
Windlown Dust from !acant lands
"n general, each of these emissions source categories includes more specific su#
categories, as descried elow$ For each, a rief description characteri%ing the source
and the general methodolog& used to estimate emission rates are provided$ For the most
part, the estimation methodologies are ased on AP#'( guidance$ "n the case of the
WRAP inventor& development, specific modifications and)or deviations from these
general methodologies are noted$
Agricultural Operations
Dust emissions from agricultural operations result from the disturance of soil inherent in
the preparation of agricultural lands for planting and after harvest activities$ *hese
include discing, leveling, and other mechanical operations$ Dust emissions from this
categor& e+hiit a seasonal pattern as planting and harvesting generall& occur in the
spring and fall, respectivel&$ "n addition, agricultural practices and planting and
harvesting calendars are crop#specific in man& cases$ "n addition to operations associated
with agricultural land preparation and harvesting, this emission source categor& includes
dust emissions arising from the transport of agricultural crops as well as dust from
agricultural feedlots or confined animal feeding operations ,CAFOs-$
While the current version of AP#'( guidance ,.
th
/dition- does not include estimation
methodologies for this dust emission categor&, guidance was provided in previous
versions$ 0owever, the California Air Resource 1oard has developed procedures for
estimating PM23 dust emissions from agricultural activities, and these procedures were
adopted for development of the WRAP modeling inventories, as descrie elow$
Particulate dust emissions from agricultural operations are estimated as the product of
crop#specific emission factors and appropriate activit& data$ /mission factors var& as a
function of the specific soil preparation operation used for a particular crop, while the
activit& data is ased on harvested acreage, modified & factors to account for the t&pical
numer of passes per acre re4uired to prepare a field for planting$ *he activit& data used
for estimating land preparation emissions are ased on state summaries of crop acreage
harvested, further spatiall& allocated & count& and crop t&pe for the each state$
Acre#passes ,the total numer of passes t&picall& performed to prepare land for planting
during a &ear- are used to compute crop specific emission factors for land preparation$
*hese land preparation operations ma& occur following harvest or closer to planting, and
can include discing, tilling, land leveling, and other operations$ /ach crop is different in
the t&pe of soil operations performed and when the& occur5 crop profiles from similar
crops are used for cases where specific crop data has not een updated$ For updating
acre#pass data, specific information on when agricultural operations occur is used to
create detailed temporal profiles for PM emissions from agricultural land preparations$
Operation specific PM23 emission factors used to estimate the crop specific emissions for
agricultural land preparations are ased on data developed & the 6niversit& of California
Davis$ Five emission factors were developed using 277. to 2778 test data measured in
cotton and wheat fields in California$ Operations tested included root cutting, discing,
ripping and susoiling, land planing and floating, and weeding$ *he PM($.)PM23 ratio
for agricultural tilling dust used & CAR1 is 3$((($
PM dust emissions from agricultural activities were developed for the WRAP & /astern
Research 9roup ,/R9-$ A detailed discussion of the development and data sources used
& /R9 can e found in /R9, (33:$
Construction Operations
Construction operations are significant source of dust emissions that ma& have a
sustantial temporar& impact on local air 4ualit&$ *his emission source categor& includes
oth residential and non#residential construction as well as road construction$ Dust
emissions during the construction of uildings or roads are associated with land clearing,
drilling and lasting, ground e+cavation, and cut and fill operations ,i$e$, earth moving-$
Dust emissions can var& sustantiall& from da& to da&, depending on the level of activit&,
the specific operations, and the prevailing meteorological conditions$ A significant
amount of the dust emissions result from construction vehicle traffic over temporar&
roads at construction sites$
Residential Construction
PM dust emissions from residential construction are a function of the total acres of land
distured and the volume of soil e+cavated$ *he volume of soil e+cavated also varies &
t&pe of structure under construction$ Count&#level housing starts & structure t&pe are
used to estimate the distured acreage for construction$ *hese data can e otained from
the 6; Census 1ureau and the Department of Commerce$ !olume of soil e+cavated is
estimated ased on assumed characteristics of single#famil& homes and whether the
structures include asements$
/mission factors are estimated ased on structure t&pe and duration of construction$ For
single famil& houses, construction duration is assumed to e : months5 for apartment
uildings, 2(#month construction duration is assumed$ *he emissions factors var& from
appro+imatel& 3$322 tons PM23)acre#month to 3$22 tons PM23)acre#month$ Additional
ad<ustments are applied ased on soil moisture, silt content and control efficienc&$ *he
ratio of PM($. to PM23, as documented in AP#'(, is assumed to e 3$(3$

Non-residential/Commercial Construction
Dust emissions from non#residential and commercial construction are a function of the
total acres of land distured$ Activit& data is ased on the total value of the construction
in =MM$ Data for construction values are t&picall& otained on a national asis from the
Department of Commerce$ Count&#level data is allocated from national estimates using
emplo&ment statistics$ Count&#level valuation data is then used to estimate total acreages
distured during construction$ An assumed value of 2$.. acres)=MM is applied to the
count&#level valuation data, as specified in AP#'($
An emission factor of 3$27 tons PM23)acre#month is used for the initial emissions
estimate$ *he assumed construction duration is t&picall& 22 months$ As with residential
construction, emission factors are ad<usted to reflect variations in silt content, soil
moisture and control efficienc&$ *he ratio of PM($. to PM23, as documented in AP#'(,
is assumed to e 3$(3$
Road Construction
PM dust emissions from road construction activities are a function of acres distured
during construction$ Activit& data is ased on data otained from the' Federal 0ighwa&
Administration ,F0WA- as a function of road t&pe$ ;tate#level new miles of road
constructed are estimated from (33( F0WA state e+penditures for capital outla& data, in
thousands of dollars$ *hese data are then converted to new miles of road constructed
using ')mile conversions from the >orth Carolina Department of *ransportation
,>CDO*- data$ *hese data also var& & t&pe of road$ *he new miles of road constructed
is then used to estimate total acres distured using conversion factors for acres
distured)mile of road constructed, as a function of road t&pe$ ;tate#level acre distured
are allocated top the count&#level ased on residential housing starts data$
An emission factor of 3$'( tons PM23)acre#month is used to estimate PM23 dust
emission from road construction activities$ A construction duration of 2( months is
t&picall& assumed$ Ad<ustments are applied for variations in silt content, soil moisture
and control efficienc&
PM dust emissions from construction activities were developed for the WRAP & /astern
Research 9roup ,/R9-$ A detailed discussion of the development and data sources used
& /R9 can e found in /R9, (33:$
Paved Road Dust
Particulate emissions occur whenever vehicles travel over a paved surface such as a road
or par?ing lot$ Particulate emissions from paved roads are due to direct emissions from
vehicles in the form of e+haust, ra?e wear and tire wear emissions, and resuspension of
loose material on the road surface$ "n general terms, resuspended particulate emissions
from paved roads originate from, and result in the depletion of the loose material present
on the surface ,i$e$, the surface loading-$ "n turn, that surface loading is continuousl&
replenished & other sources$ At industrial sites, surface loading is replenished &
spillage of material and trac?out from unpaved roads and staging areas$
Dust emissions from paved roads have een found to var& with the @silt loadingA present
on the road surface as well as the average weight of vehicles traveling the road$ *he term
silt loading ,sB- refers to the mass of silt#si%e material ,e4ual to or less than C.
micrometers DEmF in ph&sical diameter- per unit area of the travel surface$ *he total road
surface dust loading consists of loose material that can e collected & room sweeping
and vacuuming of the traveled portion of the paved road$ *he silt fraction is determined
& measuring the proportion of the loose dr& surface dust that passes through a (33#mesh
screen using the A;*M#C#2G: method$ ;ilt loading is the product of the silt fraction and
the total loading, and is areviated @sB$A
*he surface silt loading ,sB- provides a means of characteri%ing seasonal variailit& in a
paved road emission inventor&$ "n man& areas of the countr&, road surface silt loadings
are heaviest during the late winter and earl& spring months when the residual loading
from snow)ice controls is greatest$ Once replenishment of fresh material is eliminated, the
road surface silt loading can e e+pected to reach an e4uilirium value, which is
sustantiall& lower than the late winter)earl& spring values$
Particulate emissions from road surfaces due to vehicle travel on a dr& paved road ma& e
estimated using the following empirical e+pression:
where,
E H particulate emission factor ,having units matching the units of ?-,
k H particle si%e multiplier for particle si%e range,
sL H road surface silt loading ,grams per s4uare meter, g)m
(
-,
W H average weight ,tons- of the vehicles traveling the road, and
C H emission factor for 2783Is vehicle fleet e+haust, ra?e wear and tire wear$
6npaved Road Dust
When a vehicle travels an unpaved road, the force of the wheels on the road surface
causes pulveri%ation of surface material$ Particles are lifted and dropped from the rolling
wheels, and the road surface is e+posed to strong air currents in turulent shear with the
surface$ *he turulent wa?e ehind the vehicle continues to act on the road surface after
the vehicle has passed$ *he 4uantit& of dust emissions from a given segment of unpaved
road varies linearl& with the volume of traffic$ Dust emissions also depend on source
parameters that characteri%e the condition of a particular road and the associated vehicle
traffic$ Characteri%ation of these source parameters allow for @correctionA of emission
estimates to specific road and traffic conditions present on pulic and industrial
roadwa&s$
Dust emissions from unpaved roads have een found to var& directl& with the fraction of
silt ,particles smaller than C. micrometers DJmF in ph&sical diameter- in the road surface
materials$ As the silt content of a rural dirt road will var& with geographic location, it
should e measured for use in pro<ecting emissions$ For a conservative appro+imation,
the silt content of the parent soil is often used$ *ests, however, show that road silt
content is normall& lower than in the surrounding parent soil, ecause the fines are
continuall& removed & the vehicle traffic, leaving a higher percentage of coarse
particles$
Other variales are important in addition to the silt content of the road surface material$
For e+ample, at industrial sites, where haul truc?s and other heav& e4uipment are
common, emissions are highl& correlated with vehicle weight$ On the other hand, there is
far less variailit& in the weights of cars and pic?up truc?s that commonl& travel pulicl&
accessile unpaved roads throughout the 6nited ;tates$ For those roads, the moisture
content of the road surface material ma& e more important in determining differences in
emission levels etween a hot desert environment and a cool moist location$
*he PM23 emission factors presented elow are ased on stepwise linear regressions of
field emission test results of vehicles traveling over unpaved surfaces$ Due to a limited
amount of information availale for PM($., the e+pression for that particle si%e range has
een scaled against the PM23 results$ *he following empirical e+pressions ma& e used
to estimate the 4uantit& of si%e#specific particulate emissions from an unpaved road in
pounds ,l- per vehicle mile traveled ,!M*-$ For vehicles traveling on unpaved surfaces
at industrial sites, emissions are estimated from the following e4uation:
/ H ? ,s)2(-
a
,W)G-

and, for vehicles traveling on pulicl& accessile roads, dominated & light dut& vehicles,
emissions ma& e estimated from the following e4uation:
where ?, a, , c and d are empirical constants, and
/ H si%e#specific emission factor ,l)!M*-
s H surface material silt content ,K-
W H mean vehicle weight ,tons-
M H surface material moisture content ,K-
; H mean vehicle speed ,mph-
C H emission factor for 2783Is vehicle fleet e+haust, ra?e wear and tire wear$
*he source characteristics s, W and M are referred to as correction parameters for
ad<usting the emission estimates to local conditions$
C =
c
d a
,M)3$.-
;)G3- , ,s)2(- ?
/
For the WRAP, paved and unpaved road dust emissions were estimated using updated
!M* for the ase and future &ears provided & state and local contacts as part of the ase
and future &ear surve& wor?$ An& updated road dust controls provided were also
incorporated into the estimates$ "t is important to note that since the previous WRAP
road dust emissions estimates were prepared, /PAIs guidance on estimating paved and
unpaved road dust emissions was updated5 see
http:))www$epa$gov)ttn)chief)ap'()ch2G)inde+$html$ *he WRAP /missions Forum opted
to update the road dust emissions onl& to reflect updated !M* and controls, and not to
reflect the updated /PA guidance methodolog&$
A more detailed discussion of the development of paved and unpaved road dust
emissions can e found in Pollac?, et al$, (33:
Windlown Dust from !acant lands
Fugitive dust from wind erosion of agricultural and vacant lands represents a significant
source of particulate matter emissions, particularl& throughout the Western 6;$ For
agricultural windlown dust, emission factors ma& e estimated using the 6;DA wind
erosion e4uation ,W/L- ,AR1, 277C- which relates the PM23 emission factors to
various parameters characteri%ing the specific crops, soil erodiilit&, surface roughness,
vegetative cover and climatic factors$ PM23 emissions are otained & multipl&ing the
resulting emission factor & the total crop acreage in units of tons)acre)&r$ For non#
agricultural vacant lands, numerous wind tunnel studies have een conducted to estimate
appropriate emission factors ased on soil t&pes, surface conditions and threshold friction
velocities$
Windlown fugitive dust emissions have not een estimated & /PA in previous national
emission inventories$ />!"RO> has recentl& completed the development of a
windlown dust model for use in WRAP regional ha%e modeling efforts ,Mansell, et$ al,
(33:-$ A description of the model development and the most recent results for the WRAP
states can e found at http:))www$wrapair$org)forums)de<f)fderosion$html$ *he model
estimates fugitive PM dust emissions from vacant lands given wind speed data$ All
vacant land t&pes are considered5 mechanicall& distured lands, e$g$, agricultural tilling,
are not included$ *he current version of the model is set up to use the regional#scale land
use dataases for characteri%ing vacant lands, and also re4uires specification of soil
characteristics, specificall& soil te+ture$ *he model provides hourl& gridded emission
estimates that can e easil& summari%ed on a count& level$ A complete detailed
description of the model development and re4uisite input dataases is included in the
pro<ect Final Report and related documentation ,Mansell, et al$, (33:-
Emissions Modeling for Fugitive Dust Sources
For regional air 4ualit& modeling, the count&#level, annual ,or seasonal)monthl&- PM
dust emissions are spatiall& allocated to the modeling grid and temporall& allocated
hourl&$ "n addition, fugitive dust transport fractions are applied to the PM dust emissions
estimates prior to their use in the air 4ualit& model$ *he WRAP RMC utili%ed the
;MOM/ emissions processing s&stem to develop the necessar& air 4ualit& model#read&
dust emissions data$
;imilar to emissions modeling for other source sectors, the fugitive dust emissions were
e+tracted from the point, area and moile source inventor& data files and processed
separatel& through ;MOM/$ Dust emissions were e+tracted from the inventor& files
ased on ;CCs$ Processing the dust emissions separatel& allows for more efficient
4ualit& assurance of the data and the direct application of the fugitive dust transport
fractions$ *he application of transport fractions is discussed in more detail elow$ With
the e+ception of the windlown dust emissions, transport fractions are applied using the
growth and control modules of ;MOM/$ *he windlown dust emission models
incorporate the transport fractions directl& in the estimation methodologies used$ >ote
that, e+cept for the gridded emissions summaries, the data presented in the summaries
elow do not reflect the application of transport fractions$
*he final step in preparation of PM dust emissions for air 4ualit& modeling involves the
spatial and temporal allocation of annual, count&#level emissions estimates$ *he PM23
emissions estimates are also speciated as PMC ,HPM23NPM($.- and PMF">/ ,HPM($.-$
;peciation and spatial and temporal allocation is performed ased on detailed ;CCs$ *he
revised PM($.)PM23 ratios, developed & MR" ,MR", (33.-, were applied the final
versions of the gridded dust emission inventories presented elow$
Fugitive Dust SCCs and PM2.5/PM10 Ratios
*he development of the WRAP 1ase3( fugitive dust emissions inventor& were ased on
the specific ;CCs e+tracted from the area and point source inventor& data used in the
;MOM/ emissions processing$ As noted in Mansell ,(33:-, several detailed source
categor& codes that were either not included in the initial list of ;CCs for fugitive dust
processing, or were found to e reported using the most general ;CC descriptions$ For
e+ample, in some counties in Ari%ona, construction dust emissions were reported in terms
of the general @all processesA ;CC and were not included e+tracted from the area source
inventor& files$ Bi?ewise, agricultural dust emissions in California were provided
separatel& from other fugitive dust source categories and were therefore initiall& not
processed as fugitive dust within the ;MOM/ emissions modeling$
*he ratio of PM($. to PM23, as reported in the inventor& data were evaluated for the
1ase3( fugitive dust emission inventor& ,Mansell, (33:-$ *he PM($.)PM23 ratios are
generall& consistent with AP#'( guidance documents, although some e+ceptions were
found in the 1ase3( inventor&$ *ale 2 summari%es these ratios ased on AP#'( and
also presents the revised factors as recommended & MR"$ "n (33., the D/OF initiated a
pro<ect to evaluate the fine fraction of particulate matter in fugitive dust$ *he result
of this stud& indicated that the anal&sis procedures and findings on which the /PAPs
AP#'( 9uidance is ased ma& e iased & as much as a factor of ($ *he completed
D/OF stud& ,MR", (33.- provided recommended revisions, & dust emission source
categor&, and are included in *ale 2$
*ale ( presents the complete listing of fugitive dust emission source categor& codes
used & the RMC for e+tracting data from area and point source inventor& data files$
Also included in *ale ( are the original and revised PM($.)PM23 ratios used in the
;MOM/ processing$ >ote that several ;CCs listed were not included in the
development of the 1ase3( modeling inventories$ 1ased on the initial review of
emissions data for the 1ase3( inventor&, these ;CCs have suse4uentl& een
included in the current ;MOM/ processing procedures and are reflected in the
Plan3( and 1ase28a fugitive dust emissions inventor& summaries descried elow$
a!le 1$ AP#'( PM($.)PM23 ratios and recommended ratios from MR", (33.$
;ource Categor& AP#'( ;ection PM($.)PM23 Ratio
Current Proposed
Paved Roads 2G$($2 3$(. 3$2.
6npaved Roads 2G$($( 3$2. 3$23
Construction Q
Demolition
## 3$(38 3$23
Aggregate
0andling);torage Piles
2G$($' 3$G2' 3$23 ,traffic-
3$2. ,transfer-
"ndustrial Wind
/rosion
2G$($. 3$'3 3$2.
Agricultural *illing ## 3$((( 3$(3
a!le 2$ Fugitive dust emission ;CCs e+tracted from area and point source emissions
inventor& data files$
SCC Description
PM2.5/PM1
0 Original
PM2.5/PM10
Revised
2801000001 Agriculture Production - Crops;Agriculture - Crops;Land Breaking 0.222 0.2
2801000002 Agriculture Production - Crops;Agriculture - Crops;Planting 0.222 0.2
2801000003 Agriculture Production - Crops;Agriculture - Crops;Tilling 0.222 0.2
2801000004 Agriculture Production - Crops;Agriculture - Crops;e!oliation 0.222 0.2
280100000" Agriculture Production - Crops;Agriculture - Crops;#ar$esting 0.222 0.2
280100000% Agriculture Production - Crops;Agriculture - Crops;r&ing 0.222 0.2
280100000' Agriculture Production - Crops;Agriculture - Crops;Loading 0.222 0.2
2801000008 Agriculture Production - Crops;Agriculture - Crops;Transport 0.222 0.2
280"000000 Agriculture Production - Li$estock;Agriculture - Li$estock;Total 0.222 0.2
280"001000 Agriculture Production - Li$estock;Bee! Cattle (eedlots;ust )icked-up *& #oo$es 0.222 0.2
280"001001 Agriculture Production - Li$estock;Bee! Cattle (eedlots;(eed Preparation 0.222 0.2
280"00"000 Agriculture Production - Li$estock;Poultr& +perations;Total ,use 280"030000- 0.222 0.2
SCC Description
PM2.5/PM1
0 Original
PM2.5/PM10
Revised
280"00"001 Agriculture Production - Li$estock;Poultr& +perations;(eed Preparation 0.222 0.2
280"010000
Agriculture Production - Li$estock;air& +perations;Total ,use 280"020000 and
su*sets- 0.222 0.2
280"010001 Agriculture Production - Li$estock;air& +perations;(eed Preparation 0.222 0.2
280"01"000 Agriculture Production - Li$estock;#og +perations;Total ,use 280"02"000- 0.222 0.2
280"01"001 Agriculture Production - Li$estock;#og +perations;(eed Preparation 0.222 0.2
280"020000 Agriculture Production - Li$estock;Cattle and Cal$es .aste /0issions;Total 0.222 0.2
280"02"000 Agriculture Production - Li$estock;#ogs and Pigs .aste /0issions;Total 0.222 0.2
280"030000 Agriculture Production - Li$estock;Poultr& .aste /0issions;Total 0.222 0.2
280"03"000 Agriculture Production - Li$estock;#orses and Ponies .aste /0issions;Total 0.222 0.2
280"040000 Agriculture Production - Li$estock;12eep and La0*s .aste /0issions;Total 0.222 0.2
280"04"001 Agriculture Production - Li$estock;3oats .aste /0issions;Total 0.222 0.2
22'"08"000 Aircra!t;4npa$ed Airstrips;4npa$ed Airstrips n5a 0.1
2311000000 Construction6 17C 1" - 1';All Processes;Total 0.208 0.1
2311000010 Construction6 17C 1" - 1';All Processes;Land Clearing 0.208 0.1
2311000040 Construction6 17C 1" - 1';All Processes;3round /8ca$ations 0.208 0.1
23110000"0 Construction6 17C 1" - 1';All Processes;Cut and (ill +perations 0.208 0.1
23110000%0 Construction6 17C 1" - 1';All Processes;Construction 0.208 0.1
23110000'0 Construction6 17C 1" - 1';All Processes;9e2icle Tra!!ic 0.208 0.1
2311010000 Construction6 17C 1" - 1';3eneral Building Construction;Total 0.208 0.1
2311010010 Construction6 17C 1" - 1';3eneral Building Construction;Land Clearing 0.208 0.1
2311010040 Construction6 17C 1" - 1';3eneral Building Construction;3round /8ca$ations 0.208 0.1
23110100"0 Construction6 17C 1" - 1';3eneral Building Construction;Cut and (ill +perations 0.208 0.1
23110100%0 Construction6 17C 1" - 1';3eneral Building Construction;Construction 0.208 0.1
23110100'0 Construction6 17C 1" - 1';3eneral Building Construction;9e2icle Tra!!ic 0.208 0.1
2311020000 Construction6 17C 1" - 1';#ea$& Construction;Total 0.208 0.1
2311020010 Construction6 17C 1" - 1';#ea$& Construction;Land Clearing 0.208 0.1
2311020040 Construction6 17C 1" - 1';#ea$& Construction;3round /8ca$ations 0.208 0.1
23110200"0 Construction6 17C 1" - 1';#ea$& Construction;Cut and (ill +perations 0.208 0.1
23110200%0 Construction6 17C 1" - 1';#ea$& Construction;Construction 0.208 0.1
23110200'0 Construction6 17C 1" - 1';#ea$& Construction;9e2icle Tra!!ic 0.208 0.1
2311030000 Construction6 17C 1" - 1';:oad Construction;Total 0.208 0.1
2311030010 Construction6 17C 1" - 1';:oad Construction;Land Clearing 0.208 0.1
2311030040 Construction6 17C 1" - 1';:oad Construction;3round /8ca$ations 0.208 0.1
23110300"0 Construction6 17C 1" - 1';:oad Construction;Cut and (ill +perations 0.208 0.1
23110300%0 Construction6 17C 1" - 1';:oad Construction;Construction 0.208 0.1
23110300'0 Construction6 17C 1" - 1';:oad Construction;9e2icle Tra!!ic 0.208 0.1
2311040000 Construction6 17C 1" - 1';1pecial Trade Construction;Total 0.208 0.1
230"000000 7ndustrial Processes;;ineral Processes6 17C 32;All Processes;Total n5a 0.1
230"0'0000
7ndustrial Processes;;ineral Processes6 17C 32;Concrete< 3&psu0< Plaster
Products;Total n5a 0.1
230"080000 7ndustrial Processes;;ineral Processes6 17C 32;Cut 1tone and 1tone Products;Total n5a 0.1
232"020000 7ndustrial Processes;;ining and =uarr&ing6 17C 14;Crus2ed and Broken 1tone;Total n5a 0.1
232"030000 7ndustrial Processes;;ining and =uarr&ing6 17C 14;1and and 3ra$el;Total n5a 0.1
232"040000
7ndustrial Processes;;ining and =uarr&ing6 17C 14;Cla&< Cera0ic< and
:e!ractor&;Total n5a 0.1
2"30000020 1torage and Transport;Bulk ;aterials 1torage;All 1torage T&pes;Ce0ent n5a 0.1
2"30000100 1torage and Transport;Bulk ;aterials 1torage;All 1torage T&pes;Li0estone n5a 0.1
2"30000120 1torage and Transport;Bulk ;aterials 1torage;All 1torage T&pes;1and n5a 0.1
232"000000 ;ining and =uarr&ing6 17C 14;All Processes;Total n5a 0.1
SCC Description
PM2.5/PM1
0 Original
PM2.5/PM10
Revised
22>4000000 Pa$ed :oads;All Pa$ed :oads;Total6 (ugiti$es 0.2" 0.12
22>4000001 Pa$ed :oads;All Pa$ed :oads;Total6 A$erage Conditions - (ugiti$es 0.2" 0.12
22>4000002 Pa$ed :oads;All Pa$ed :oads;Total6 1anding51alting - (ugiti$es 0.2" 0.12
22>400"000 Pa$ed :oads;7nterstate5Arterial;Total6 (ugiti$es 0.2" 0.12
22>400"001 Pa$ed :oads;7nterstate5Arterial;Total6 A$erage Conditions - (ugiti$es 0.2" 0.12
22>400"002 Pa$ed :oads;7nterstate5Arterial;Total6 1anding51alting - (ugiti$es 0.2" 0.12
22>4010000 Pa$ed :oads;All +t2er Pu*lic Pa$ed :oads;Total6 (ugiti$es 0.2" 0.12
22>4010001 Pa$ed :oads;All +t2er Pu*lic Pa$ed :oads;Total6 A$erage Conditions - (ugiti$es 0.2" 0.12
22>4010002 Pa$ed :oads;All +t2er Pu*lic Pa$ed :oads;Total6 1anding51alting - (ugiti$es 0.2" 0.12
22>401"000 Pa$ed :oads;7ndustrial :oads;Total6 (ugiti$es 0.2" 0.12
22>401"001 Pa$ed :oads;7ndustrial :oads;Total6 A$erage Conditions - (ugiti$es 0.2" 0.12
22>401"002 Pa$ed :oads;7ndustrial :oads;Total6 1anding51alting - (ugiti$es 0.2" 0.12
22>%000000 4npa$ed :oads;All 4npa$ed :oads;Total6 (ugiti$es 0.1" 0.1
22>%00"000 4npa$ed :oads;Pu*lic 4npa$ed :oads;Total6 (ugiti$es 0.1" 0.1
22>%010000 4npa$ed :oads;7ndustrial 4npa$ed :oads;Total6 (ugiti$es 0.1" 0.1
Fugitive Dust rans"ort Fractions
*he concept of fugitive dust transport fractions has een considered and refined in recent
&ears$ "t has een recogni%ed that, due to various mechanisms, dust particles are su<ect
to near source removal$ *hese mechanisms include gravitational settling, particle
deposition to the ground and impaction and removal due to particle capture & the
surrounding vegetation canop& and other ph&sical structures$ *he /PA for man& &ears
had promoted the @divide & fourA approach for reducing the emission from fugitive dust
sources to account for these processes$ *he idea is that onl& a limited amount of the dust
emitted & a particular source is transported significantl& to affect the total availale
emissions in the atmosphere for air 4ualit& grid modeling$
Recent research has shown that the amount of fugitive dust captured in the surround
canop& or on ph&sical structures can e related to the ph&sical characteristics of the land
surface, i$e$, land use)land cover$ *he /PA recentl& developed count&#level transport
fractions for use in emissions inventor& development for air 4ualit& modeling ,Pace,
(33G5 (33.-$ *he count&#level transport fractions were ased on the percentage of land
use in each count&$ *he transport fractions were calculated as a weighted sum of
landuse#specific fractions for each landuse t&pe$ Previousl&, landuse percentages were
derived from the 1/BDG B6BC dataase$ "n the WRAP fugitive dust emission
inventor&, transport fractions were revised to reflect a more current B6BC dataase$ *he
current gridded dust emissions for the WRAP are ased on the (333 >orth American
Band Cover ,(333 >ABC- dataase$ A description of the (333 >ABC dataase can e
found in Mansell and 0oats, (33.$
For the windlown dust emissions, transport fractions were developed and applied within
the wind lown dust model ased on the gridded landuse data used in the estimation
methodolog&$ A discussion of the application of the transport fraction for windlown
dust emissions can e found in Mansell, et al$, (33:$ *he original and revised transport
fractions for each of the relevant land use t&pes are presented in *ale G$
a!le #. Fugitive dust transport fractions as a function of landuse$
Fugitive Dust Transport Fractions
!C Categor" Original Revised
4r*an 0.30 0.00
Agriculture 0.8" 0.'"
3rassland 0.'0 0.'"
12ru*land 0.%0 0.'"
(orest 0.30 0.00
Barren5.ater 0.>' 1.00
$ridded Fugitive Dust Emission %nventor& Summaries
;ummaries of the gridded fugitive dust source emissions for the 1ase3(, Plan3(c and
1ase28 inventories & state and count&, annual and seasonal periods, can e found on
the *;; at: http:))vista$cira$colostate$edu)tss)Results)/missions$asp+$
References
Countess /nvironmental, (33'$ WRAP Fugitive Dust 0andoo?$ Prepared for Western
9overnorI Association, Western Regional Air Partnership$ Prepared & Countess
/nvironmental$ Midwest Research "nstitute$ >ovemer 2.$
/R9, (33:$ Documentation for 1ase(33( WRAP point and area inventories, not availale until
Oanuar&, (33:$ ,PBAC/0OBD/R-
Mansell 9$, et al$, (33:$ Final Report: Fugitive Wind 1lown Dust /missions and Model
Performance /valuation, Phase ""$ Prepared for the Western 9overnors
Association & />!"RO> "nternational Corporation, >ovato, CA$ Ma& .$
Mansell 9$, (33:$ ;ummar& of the WRAP Fugitive Dust /missions "nventories$
*echnical Memorandum prepared for the Western 9overnors Association &
/>!"RO> "nternational Corporation, >ovato, CA$ (( ;eptemer$
MR", (33.$ Anal&sis of the Fine Fraction of Particulate Matter in Fugitive Dust$ Draft
Pro<ect Report$ Prepared for Western 9overnorI Association, Western Regional
Air Partnership$ Prepared & Midwest Research "nstitute$ August 2C$
Pace, *$9$, (33G$ A Conceptual Model to Ad<ust Fugitive Dust /missions to Account for
>ear ;ource Particle Removal in 9rid Model Applications$ 6$;$ /PA$ August (($
Pace, *$9$, (33.$ Methodolog& to /stimate the *ransportale Fraction ,*F- of Fugitive
Dust /missions for Regional and 6ran ;cale Air Lualit& Anal&ses$ 6$;$ /PA$
Oune ($
Pollac?, A$, et al$, (33:$ Final Report: WRAP Moile ;ource /mission "nventories 6pdate$ $
Prepared for the Western 9overnors Association & />!"RO> "nternational Corporation,
>ovato, CA$ Oune 8$