In a gas turbine cycle, the air enters the compressor at 1 bar and 15C and is com

pressed to
8 bar. The maximum temperature of the cycle is 750C. The isentropic efficiencies
of the
turbine and compressor are 85% and 90%, respectively. Determine the back work ra
tio
(magnitude of the ratio of compressor work to turbine work), with a precision of
2 decimals,
and the thermal efficiency of the cycle, expressed as a percentage with a precis
ion of 1
decimal. Consider air to be a perfect gas with cp = 1.00 kJ/kgK and k = 1.4 (adia
batic
exponent).
clc
clear
%Dades inicials
p1=1
p4=p1
p2=10
p3=p2
T3=950+273
T1=15+273
Rst=0.9
Rsc=0.8
cp_a=1,00 %KJ/Kg.K
R_a=0,287%KJ/Kg.K
Y=1.4
A volumetric flow rate of 8 m3/s of a perfect gas enters the compressor of a Bra
yton cycle at
100 kPa and 25C, and is compressed isentropically to 1400 kPa. The gas then enter
s the
combustion chamber and passes to the high pressure (HP) turbine before being reh
eated and
passing to the low pressure (LP) turbine. The temperature at the entrance to bot
h turbines is
1200C and the intermediate pressure is 300 kPa. Both turbines are isentropic. Ass
uming
that the perfect gas has cp = 1.07 kJ/kgK and k = 1.25 (isentropic index), determ
ine the
efficiency of the cycle,expressed as a percentage and with a precision of 1 deci
mal.
clc
clear
%Dades inicials
p1=100;%KPa
p6=p1
p2=1200
p3=p2;
p4=300;
p5=p4;
T1=25+273;
T3=1000+273;
T5=T3;
%Rsc=0.8;
%E_reg=1
Vm=8%m^3/s
%dioxid de cabroni
cp_a=1.07; %KJ/Kg.K
k_a=1.25
cv_a=cp_a/k_a
R=cp_a-cv_a
%Temp todos los puntos
%hacemos una funcion
gibbs=@(T1,p1,p2s) ((p2s/p1)^((k_a-1)/k_a))*T1;
T2=gibbs(T1,p1,p2)
%T2=((T2s-T1)/Rsc)+T1
T4=gibbs(T3,p3,p4)
T6=gibbs(T5,p5,p6)
%Balance energa regerenador
%T7=E_reg*(T6-T2)-T2
%Trabajos
Wc=cp_a*(T1-T2)
Wt=cp_a*(T3-T4+T5-T6)
Wnet=Wc+Wt
%Calores
Qc=cp_a*(T3-T2+T5-T4)
%rendiment
Rend=Wnet*100/Qc
A motor is designed to work on an Otto cycle with a fuel with a lower heating va
lue of 45,000
kJ/kg and with the chemical formula C12H26. The motor operates with 10% excess a
ir, has a
stroke of 0,15 m and a bore of 0,09 m, and the pressure and temperature in state
1, at the
start of the compression, are 1,2 bar and 317 K, respectively. If the air is dry
and of
composition 21% oxygen and 79% nitrogen, determine the quantity of fuel that ent
ers the
motor each cycle. Give the result in milligrams (mg), with a precision of 1 deci
mal. Take
Ru=8.314 kJ/kmolK.
clc
clear
%Dades inicials
PCI=45000; %kJ/Kg
p1=1.1*10^5; %Pa
T1=335; %K
Landa=1.12;
%dimensions pisto
Carr=0.15;
D=0.10;
%aire
Ru=8.314;
O2=0.21;
MO2=O2*2*16
N2=0.79;
MN2=N2*2*14
%comb
%relacio aire combustible despres estequimetria
Rela_c=518/25
Mcomb=0.17 %kg/mol
%massic aire
n_a=(MO2+MN2)/1000
R=Ru/n_a %kg/mol
%Vol cilindro
Vcil=pi*(D/2)^2*Carr
%volum especific
v1=R*T1/p1
%massa aire al cilidre
M_a=Vcil/v1
%estequimetria per C12H26
Relairecomb=Rela_c*(1+N2/O2)*n_a/Mcomb
%kg combustible en un cicle
mcomb_cicle=M_a/Relairecomb
%mg combustible per cicle
mcomb_mg=mcomb_cicle*10^6
In the regenerative Brayton cycle of Problem 4, Theme 6 (Gas power cycles), the
working fluid
is helium, which may be considered as a perfect gas with cp = 5.240 kJ/kgK and k
= 1.66
(adiabatic index). The gas enters the HP compressor, which may be considered ise
ntropic, at
501 K and 5 bar and leaves at 11 bar. The gas enters the LP turbine, which has a
n isentropic
efficiency of 89%, at 1600 K and expands from 5 bar to 1 bar. If the regenerator
has an
effectiveness of 61%, determine the temperature at position 5, the exit from the
regenerator
before entering the combustion chamber. Give the result in Kelvin to the nearest
degree.
clc
clear
%Dades inicials
p1=1;
p9=p1;
P9s=p1;
p10=p1;
p2=5;
p3=p2;
p7=11;
p8=p2;
p4=11;
p5=p4;
p6=p4;
T3=506;
%T2=612;
%T4=701;
T8=1600;
T6=1600;
RstLP=0.9;
Ereg=0.58;
T4=((p4/p3)^((Yh-1)/Yh)*T3)
T9s=T8*((p9/p8)^((Yh-1)/Yh))
T9=-RstLP*(T8-T9s)+T8
%Temp aire sortida compressor
T2s=((p2/p1)^((Y-1)/Y))*T1
T2=((T2s-T1)/Rsc)+T1
%Temp aire sortida turbina
Pi=T2s/T1
T4s=T3/Pi
T4=-((T3-T4s)*Rst)+T3
double(T4)
%Wtneto
Wt=cp_a*(T3-T4)
Wc=cp_a*(T1-T2)
Wtotal=Wt+Wc
double(Wtotal)
%rendimiento
Qe=cp_a*(T2-T3)
rend=-Wtotal*100/Qe
%Relacion de trabajos
Rel=-Wc/Wt
An internal combustion engine uses air as the working fluid, and operates on the
Diesel cycle.
State 1, at the start of the compression stroke, has pressure 1,1 bar and temper
ature 309 K.
The compression ratio is 15 and the cut-off ratio is 2,2. Determine the net work
per unit mass
done in the cycle. Assume that air behaves as a perfect gas with cp = 1.004 kJ/k
gK, cv =
0.717 kJ/kgK and k = 1.40 (adiabatic index). Give the result in units of kJ/kg, w
ith a precision
of 1 decimal.
clc
clear
%dades
p1=1.0*10^5 %Pa
T1=379 %K
Rel_E=15
Beta=2.1
cp=1.004
cv=0.717
Lamda=1.4
R=(cp-cv)*1000 %J/Kg
%estado 1
v1=R*T1/p1
%estado 2
v2=v1/Rel_E
T2=T1*(v1/v2)^(Lamda-1)
p2=R*T2/v2 %Pa
%estado 3
p3=p2
v3=Beta*v2
T3=p3*v3/R
%estado 4
v4=v1
T4=T3*(v3/v4)^(Lamda-1)
p4=R*T4/v4
%calor entrant
Qe=cp*(T3-T2)
%Calor sortint
Qs=cv*(T1-T4)
%Treball neta
W=Qe+Qsclc
Determine, for combustion with 15% excess air, the mass of fuel required to prod
uce 4 kmols
of combustion gases, if the fuel is petrol of composition C8H15 and the air is d
ry and consists
of 79% N2 and 21% O2. Give the result in units of kg, with a precision of 2 deci
mals.
clear
%dades
Lamda=1.06
Gasos_tot=5 %kmols
%C8H15
O2=0.21
N2=0.79
m_comb=111 %g/mol
%mols de fum per comb C8H15
m_fum=8+15/2+(Lamda-1)*2*47/4+(N2/O2)*(47/4)*Lamda
Massacomb=m_comb*Gasos_tot/m_fum
A four-stroke 4-cylinder diesel engine has an effective power of 142 kW, corresp
onding to a
mean effective pressure of 8,3 bar. If the motor runs at 2521 rpm and the cylind
ers have a
relationship between stroke (s) and bore (d) of s/d=1.1, determine the magnitude
of the bore of
the cylinders. Give the result in units of cm, with a precision of 1 decimal.
clc
clear
%dades
Pt=121 %KW
Pm=8.1*10^5 %bar
Rpm=2801
s_d=1.1
%relacion carrera/diametro s/d=1.1 -> d=s/1.1
npri=1/2 %4 temps
%treball net en J/Kg
Wnet=1000*Pt*60/(Rpm*npri)
%volum cilindre
Vd=Wnet/Pm
%carrera cilindro
%s=solve(Vd/4==((pi*(s/s_d)^2)/4)*s,s)
s=nthroot((Vd*(s_d^2))/(pi),3)
D=s/s_d%m
Dcm=D*100%cm