1

LIPIDS
what are the building blocks of lipids
Lipid = Fatty acid + Alcohol/ amino alcohol
E.g. = Palmitic + glycerol sphingosine
CH2-H H
CH!-"-CH + CH2-H or "-C-CH2H
CH2-H #H!
Fatty acids (FA)
$at%rated &nsat%rated
#o = /= 'onds
A'%ndant in
animals
E.g. (
palmitic)C1*+
-
stearic)C1,+
Has 1 / many = /= 'onds
--ono%nsat%rated. palmitoleic )1*.1)/++ 0 oleic )1,.1+
-poly %nsat%rated )has many = 'onds+
E.g - Linoleic ( gingerly 0 oli1e
- Linolenic
- la%ric ( cocon%t
)e2cept palmitic and stearic all other e2amples gi1en 3or FAs on lec are
%nsat%rated +
Fatty acid saturation/ unsaturation indication ethod
1*.4 %nsat%rated
1*.1)/+ position o3 the do%'le
'ond
#o. o3 do%'le 'onds
#o. o3 car'ons
!IP Fatty acids to reeber"
Eicosanoids = Prostacyclin5 6hrom'o2ane5 Prostaglandin5Le%7otrienes5 = 24 C
Eicosanoids precursor intermediate precursor
Linoleic Arachidonic )24 C+
Acid phospholipase A2
6ypes o3 Lipids
"epeat campaign 244, A/L
C8 1/C8 2
lypoo2yganase
9 car'on = last car'on


e.g. (C-C-C=C-C=C-CH in this e2ample it is a 9 ! FA
1 2 ! :
9 car'on doesn;t change in meta'olism so can trace.
e.g. Arachidonic 9 * -24.:)<5,51151:+
Linoleic 9 *- 1,.2)/512+
=Linolenic 9 ! ( 1,.!)/51251<+
Linoleic # $ linolenic %essential FAs

- cyclopentane ring
- >asodilator
Leukotrienes
&hrobo'ane
Prostacyclin
C8 1/C8 2
- !/: con?%gated
do%'le 'onds
- @n3lammatory
mediator
- cyclopentane ring
interr%pted Aith
2ygen atom
- 1asoconstrictor
)-+
)-+
)-+
$A@B
inhi'its
)cortisol+
@nhi'ition
in asthma
treatment
#$A@B$
5
Aspirin5
inhi'its
Prostaglandin - @n3lammatory mediator
2

"epeat campaign 244, A/L
$torage
6riglycerides/triacyglycerols
nly non amphipathic lipid
type 3o%nd in li3e.
#on-polar
Cater insol%'le
Anhydro%s5 Highly red%ced.
$o e33ecti1e energy so%rce
-em'rane )comple2 lipids+ all amphipathic5polar
Phospholipids Dlycolypids $terols
- Has a phosphate - $%gar component
Component
Dlycosphingolipids
Cholesterol
)common in mem'ranes+
Dlycerophospholipids
)phosphoglyceride+
-has a glycerol alcohol
-phosphodiester 'ond
Eg.
Choline
@nositol
$erine
Phosphotidyl
-glycerol
Alcohol Phospholipid
Ethanolamine
Choline
Inositol
Phosphotidylgl
ycerol
Serine
$phingophospholipids
- has a
sphingosine instead
o3 glycerol
- e.g.
sphingomyelin5 choline
)-a?or component in
"EC and myelin+
Sphingosine)Amino
alcohol+- FA lin7ed to #
atom
Eg. Ceramide
Eg.ceramide
(holesterol
Structure
: ring non polar
H
-
polar
Flat ridgid str%ct%re
#ot in cocon%t
can ?oin Aith acids 0 3orm CE
CE not in mem'rane 0 more hydropho'ic than
C.
Chol. @s o3 animal origin
Functions
has a role in mem'rane str%ct%re
Prec%rsor o3 $teroid Hormones5 Eile acids5
>it. B