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s ) WISH ) COULD SWIM
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! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
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3TUDENTS 1UESTION "OOKLET
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9O SOYESTOY
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%N CONVERSACIN NORMALMENTE SE USAN LAS CONTRACCIONES )M 9OU|RE (E|S 3HE|S )T|S 7E|RE 4HEY|RE
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4HAT T ESEA 4HESE Z ESTOSAS 4HOSE UZ ESOSAS ! AANTES DE CONS UNA !N AN ANTES DE VOCAL UNA 4HE
E ANTES DE CONS I ANTES DE VOCAL EL LA LOS LAS !T T EN )N IN EN /N ON ENCIMA DE .OW NU AHORA 4ODAY TUDI (OY
DA 4HANKS KS GRACIAS 4HANK YOU K IU GRACIAS &INE FIN BIEN 6ERY WELL VRI UL MUY BIEN -UCH BETTER MATCH
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7HAT ARE THOSE WT AR UZ z1U SON ESOS
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)T|S AN AMBULANCE ITS AN MBIULANS %S UNA AMBULANCIA
4HEY ARE BOOKS EI AR BKS 3ON LIBROS
4HEY|RE CARS EIR KRZ 3ON AUTOS
)S THIS A PEN IZ IS A PN
)S THAT A HOUSE IS T A HUS
!RE THESE BOOKS AR Z BKS
!RE THOSE CARS R UZ KRZ
7HO IS THAT MAN H IZ T MN
7HO|S THAT WOMAN HZ T WMAN
7HO ARE THOSE MEN H AR UZ MN
9ES IT IS )T|S A PEN IS IT IZ ITS A PN
9ES )T IS )T|S A HOUSE IS IT IZ ITS E HUS
9ES THEY ARE 4HEY|RE BOOKS IS EI R EIR BKS
9ES THEY ARE4HEY|RE CARS IS EI REIR KRZ
7HERE IS "OB WAR IZ BB
7HERE|S THE CAR WARZ E KR
7HERE|S THE BOOK WARZ E BK
7HERE ARE THE CARS WAR AR E KRZ
7HERE ARE THE STUDENTS WAR AR E STIDENTS
(E|S AT HOME HIZ AT HUM
)T|S IN THE GARAGE ITS IN E GRIDLL
)T|S ON THE DESK ITS ON E DSK
4HEY|RE IN THE CAR PARK IR IN E KR PRK
4HEY|RE IN THE LAB IR IN E LB
(OW ARE YOU HU R IU
(OW|S *OHN HUZ DLLN
(OW ARE THE CHILDREN HU AR E TCHLDRN
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(E|S MUCH BETTER THANKS HZ MTCH BTER KS
4HEY|RE VERY WELL THANK YOU EIR VRI WL K IU
(E|S -R *ONES THE NEW INSTRUCTOR HIZ E NI INSTRKTOR
3HE|S -ISS "LACK THE SECRETARY SHIZ E SKRETRI
4HEY|RE "OB *IM AND 4OM THE STUDENTS EIR E STIDENTS
,A FORMA NEGATIVA SE EXPRESA USANDO LA PALABRA NOT .ORMALMENTE FORMANDO LAS CONTRACCIONES )3.| 4 ZNT
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9OU ARE NOT I R NT
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9OU AREN|T IU RENT
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! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%SCUCHE REPITA Y APRENDA
IS NOT IZ NT ISN|T ZNT ARE NOT AR NT AREN|T RENT
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%SCUCHE REPITA Y APRENDA ESTAS PREGUNTAS Y RESPUESTAS
)S THIS A PEN PN
)S THAT A TANK TK
!RE THESE BOOKS BKS
!RE THOSE CHAIRS TCHARZ
.O IT ISN|T )T|S NOT A PEN )T|S A PENCIL PNSL
.O IT ISN|T )T|S NOT A TANK )T|S A TRUCK TRK
.O THEY AREN|T 4HEY|RE NOT BOOKS 4HEY|RE MAGAZINES MGAZINZ
.O THEY AREN|T 4HEY|RE NOT CHAIRS 4HEY|RE TABLES TIBLZ
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%X 5SE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB 4/ "% AMISARE
4HE TEACHER ?????? IN THE CLASSROOM NOW
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4HOSE VEHICLES?????? SLOW
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4HOSE WEAPONS ?????? POWERFUL ARMAS
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4HE TRAIN ????? TEN MINUTES LATE
?????? AN UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT
4HE INSTRUCTOR|S NAME ????? *OHN $OE
4HE INSTRUCTORS ????? IN THE STAFF
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%X !NSWER THESE QUESTIONS AS IN THE EXAMPLE
)S 4OM A PILOT
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)S THAT MAN -R #LARK
!RE WE READY TO GO
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!RE THE STUDENTS IN CLASS
)S -ISS *ONES A SECRETARY
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! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
9ES HE IS (E|S A PILOT
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%X !NSWER THE QUESTIONS AS IN THE EXAMPLE
!RE THEY INSTRUCTORS STUDENTS
.O THEY ARE NOT 4HEY AREN|T INSTRUCTORS
4HEY |RE STUDENTS
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4HE "ROWNS AT HOME
4HE MANAGER IN HIS OFlCE
0ETER AND *OHN IN CLASS
4HE COURSE INTERESTING
9OUR FRIENDS FROM #ANADA
4HE COMPUTER CONNECTED TO )NTERNET
4HE PACKAGE LIGHT OR HEAVY LIVIANO O PESADO
4HE PICTURES CLEAR NTIDAS CLARAS
4HE CHILDREN IN THE PLAYGROUNDPATIO
4HE #$|S IN THE DRAWER GAVETA
4HE MAPS IN THE LIBRARY BIBLIOTECA
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)|M lNE THANKS
4HE CAT|S UNDER THE SOFA
)T|S A CHAIR
4HAT BOY|S MY BROTHER
4HE BOOKS ARE ON THE TABLE
4HE CHILDREN ARE TIRED
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7HAT|S THIS O 7HAT|S THAT
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! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%X #OMPLETE AND PRACTISE THESE DIALOGUES WITH A PARTNER
2OBERT
*ACK
2OBERT
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(OW DO YOU DO -Y NAME ?????? 2OBERT "ROWN
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) ?????? !MERICAN ) ?????? FROM !PPLETON 7ISCONSIN
/H 4HAT ?????? VERY INTERESTING
&RANK
*OHN
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*OHN
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-Y NAME ?????? *OHN (OW ?????? YOU
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/H 0LEASED TO MEET YOU 3IR
0ETER
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7HERE ?????? SHE FROM
3HE ?????? FROM !USTRALIA
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/H 4HAT|S BAD NEWS
*ACK
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) ?????? lNE *ACK )|M GLAD TO MEET YOU TOO
" %, 4)%-0/ 0!3!$/ 7!3 WOZ 7%2% WER
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3HE WAS SHI WZ %LLA ERAESTABAFUEESTUVO
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7E WERE WI WR .OS RAMOSESTBAMOSFUIMOSESTUVIMOS
9OU WERE I WR 5DS ERANESTABANFUERONESTUVIERON
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%SCUCHE LEA Y APRENDA
7HEN WN z#UNDO 7HY WI z0OR QU (OW OLD HU ULD z1U EDAD
,AST WEEK LST WK LA SEMANA PASADA 4WO DAYS AGO T DIZ AGU (ACE DOS DAS 9ESTERDAY JSTERDEI AYER
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) WAS VERY BUSY YESTERDAY AI WOZ VRI BZI ISTERDEI
9O ESTUVE MUY OCUPADO AYER
*OHN WAS AT HOME ALL DAY TODAY DLLN WOZ AT HUM L DI TUDI
*OHN ESTUVO EN CASA TODO EL DA HOY
7E WERE IN 0ARIS LAST YEAR WI WR IN PRIS LAST AR
.OSOTROS ESTUVIMOS EN 0ARIS DEL AO PASADO
-ARY WAS THE BEST STUDENT IN MY CLASS MRI WOZ E BST STIDENT IN MAI KLS -ARY ERA LA MEJOR ALUMNA DE MI CURSO
4HEY WERE VERY GOOD FRIENDS EI WR VRI GUD FRNDZ
%LLOS ERAN FUERON MUY BUENOS AMIGOS
-R *ACKSON WAS HERE THREE WEEKS AGO MSTER DJKSON WOZ HAR R WKS AGU -R *ACKSON ESTUVO AQU HACE SEMANAS
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
,A FORMA NEGATIVA SE EXPRESA USANDO ./4 DESPUS DE 7!3 O 7%2% .ORMALMENTE SE USAN LAS CONTRACCIONES
7!3.|4 WZNT O 7%2%.|4 WRENT
%SCUCHE LEA Y APRENDA
) WAS NOT VERY BUSY LAST WEEK AI WOZ NT VRI BZI LST WK
9O NO ESTUVE MUY OCUPADO LA SEMANA PASADA
*OHN WASN|T AT HOME THIS MORNING DLLN WZNT AT HUM IS MRNIN
*OHN NO ESTUVO EN CASA ESTA MAANA
7E WEREN|T IN .EW 9ORK LAST YEAR WI WRENT IN NI IRK LST AR
.OSOTROS NO ESTUVIMOS EN .9 EL AO PASADO
-ARY WASN|T A GOOD STUDENT AT HIGH SCHOOL MRI WZNT A GD STIDENT AT HI SKL -ARY NO ERA UNA BUENA ALUMNA EN EL LICEO
4HEY WEREN|T VERY HARDWORKING EI WRNT VRI HRDWRKI
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,A FORMA INTERROGATIVA SE EXPRESA INVIRTIENDO EL ORDEN DE 7!3 7%2% CON EL SUJETO
%SCUCHE LEA Y APRENDA
7ERE YOU IN CLASS THIS MORNING WER I IN KLS IS MRNIN
7AS *OHN SICK YESTERDAY WOZ DLLN SK ISTERDI
7AS -ARY A GOOD STUDENT AT SCHOOL WOZ MRI A GD STIDENT AT SKL
7HERE WERE YOU AT THIS TIME YESTERDAY WAR WR I AT IS TIM ISTERDI
7HY WAS *IM ABSENT FROM WORK WI WOZ DLLM BSENT FROM WRK
z%STUVISTE EN CLASE ESTA MAANA
z%STUVO *OHN ENFERMO AYER
z%RA -ARY UNA BUENA ALUMNA EN EL COLEGIO
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%X #OMPLETE THESE SENTENCES WITH THE PROPER FORM OF THE VERB 4/ "% PRESENT OR PAST
*OHN ?????? IN .EW 9ORK THE DAY BEFORE YESTERDAY BUT HE ?????? IN #HICAGO TODAY
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4ODAY ?????? -ONDAY 9ESTERDAY ?????? 3UNDAY
7HERE ?????? THE *OHNSONS LAST WEEKEND 7HERE ?????? THEY TODAY
4HE ELEVATOR ?????? OUT OF ORDER LAST NIGHT BUT IT ?????? WORKING WELL NOW
*OHN ??????N|T IN THE OFlCE AT TEN THIS MORNING BECAUSE HE ?????? AT A MEETING
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%X #HANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO A .EGATIVE B INTERROGATIVE
4HE SECRETARY WAS BUSY AT MIDDAY
4HEY WERE GOOD FRIENDS AT SCHOOL
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4HE MEN WERE TIRED AFTER THE LONG WALK
-ARY WAS LATE FOR THE TRAIN THIS MORNING
(ENRY WAS AT THE MOVIE AT 0-
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4OM WAS AT HOME AT MIDNIGHT LAST NIGHT
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,IZ WAS IN BED BECAUSE SHE WAS SICK
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'EORGE WAS A LITTLE BETTER THIS MORNING
-R #LARK WAS ABOUT YEARS OLD WHEN HE DIED
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! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
# %, 4)%-0/ &5452/ 7),, "% WILL BI
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"% .ORMALMENTE SE USA LA CONTRACCIN @LL EN LA CONVERSACIN DIARIA INFORMAL
) WILL BE AI WIL B 9O SER ESTAR
9OU WILL BE I WIL B 4 SERS ESTARS
(E WILL BE HI WIL B %L SER ESTAR
3HE WILL BE SH WIL B %LLAS SER ESTAR
)T WILL BE IT WIL B 3ER ESTAR
7E WILL BE W WIL B .OSSEREMOS ESTAREMOS
9OU WILL BE I WIL B 5DS SERN ESTARN
4HEY WILL BE EI WIL B %LLOS AS SERN ESTARN
4AMBIN SE PUEDEN USAR LAS SIGUIENTES CONTRACCIONES
)|LL BE IL B
9OU|LL BE IUL B
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4HEY|LL BE EIL B
%SCUCHE LEA Y APRENDA
(OW LONG HU L z#UNTO TIEMPO 5NTIL ANTL HASTA &OR FOR POR 7HAT TIME WT TIM z1U HORA 4OMORROW TUMROU MAANA
.EXT WEEK |NEKST WIK LA PRXIMA SEMANA 4HE DAY AFTER TOMORROW E DI FTER TUMROU PASADO MAANA
) WILL BE VERY BUSY THIS AFTERNOON I WIL B VRI BZI IS AFTERNN %STAR MUY OCUPADO ESTA TARDE
*OHN WILL BE IN CLASS UNTIL O|CLOCK DLLN WIL B IN KLS ANTIL WN OKLK *OHN ESTAR EN CLASES HASTA LA
)T|LL BE HOT TOMORROW TL B HOT TUMROU %STAR CALUROSO MAANA
)|LL BE ON LEAVE FOR TWO WEEKS AIL B ON LV FOR T WKS 9O ESTAR CON PERMISO POR DOS SEMANAS
,A FORMA NEGATIVA SE EXPRESA USANDO LA PALABRA ./4 DESPUS DEL VERBO MODAL 7),, .ORMALMENTE SE USA
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-ARY WILL NOT BE AT HOME TODAY MRI WIL NT B AT HUM TUDI -ARY NO ESTAR EN CASA HOY DA
4HEY WON|T BE HERE ALL DAY EI WUNT B HAR L DEI %LLOS NO ESTARN AQU TODO EL DA
)T WON|T BE COLD TONIGHT IT WUNT B KULD TUNIT .O ESTAR FRIO ESTA NOCHE
,A FORMA INTERROGATIVA SE EXPRESA USANDO EL VERBO MODAL 7),, O LA CONTRACCIN 7/.|4 DELANTE DEL SUJETO
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7ILL THE TEST BE DIFlCULT WIL E TST B DlKALT z3ER DIlCIL LA PRUEBA
7ILL THEY BE HERE ON -ONDAY WIL EI B HAR ON MNDEI zESTARN ELLOS AQU EL LUNES
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7HEN WILL THEY BE HERE AGAIN WN WIL EI B HAR AGIN z#UNDO ESTARN ELLOS AQU NUEVAMENTE
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! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%X #HANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO THE NEGATIVE AND THE INTERROGATIVE FORMS
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%X !NSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN %NGLISH
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7HY IS YOUR FRIEND IN BED AT THIS TIME
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%X IS ARE ARE ARE ARE IS IS AM IS ARE
%X 9ES ) AM )|M IN THE OFlCE 9ES HE IS (E|S -R #LARK 9ES WE ARE
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%X 7HAT|S THIS THAT 7HAT ARE THESE THOSE 7HERE ARE THE CIGARETTES (OW ARE YOU 7HERE|S THE CAT
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%X WILL BE IN THE SAME CLASS WILL BE ABSENT WILL BE VERY COLD WILL BE VERY BUSY WILL BE IN MY OFlCE WILL BE
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%X 7HY WILL ALL THE SHOPS BE CLOSED TOMORROW 7HEN WILL YOU BE FREE 7HERE WILL THE STUDENTS BE THIS AFTERNOON
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%X OPEN ANSWERS
%X 4HEY|LL BE VERY BUSY TOMORROW MORNING 4HOSE CHILDREN ARE NOT VERY GOOD STUDENTS 7HERE ARE YOUR FRIENDS
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THEY FREE ALL DAY 7HO WAS THAT MAN 4HIS ISN|T A VERY INTERESTING BOOK 3OMEBODY WAS HERE YESTERDAY
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! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
"L
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4HERE|S A CAR IN THE CAR PARK ARZ E KR IN E KR PARK (AY UN AUTO EN EL ESTACIONAMIENTO
4HERE|S SOME WATER IN THE GLASS ARZ SAM WTER IN E GLS (AY AGUA EN EL VASO
4HERE ARE STUDENTS IN MY CLASS EAR R TN STIDENTS IN MAI KLS (AY ALUMNOS EN MI CURSO
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4HERE ISN|T A CAR IN THE CAR PARK AR ZNT E KR IN E KR PARK
4HERE ISN|T ANY WATER IN THE GLASS AR ZNT NI WTER IN E GLS
4HERE|S NO WATER IN THE GLASS ARZ NU WTER IN E GLS
4HERE ARE NOT STUDENTS IN MY CLASS EAR AR NT TN STIDENTS IN MAI KLS
4HERE AREN|T STUDENTS IN MY CLASS EAR RENT TN STIDENTS IN MAI KLS
4HERE AREN|T ANY CHAIRS IN THE ROOM EAR RENT NI TCHARZ IN E RM
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4HERE ISN|T ANY WATER IN THE GLASS EAR ZNT NI WTER IN E GLS
4HERE AREN|T ANY TREES IN THE GARDEN EAR RENT NI TRZ IN E GRDN
4HERE |S NO WATER IN THE GLASS ARZ NU WTER IN E GLS
4HERE ARE NO TREES IN THE GARDEN EAR R NU TRZ IN E GRDN
)S THERE ANY WATER IN THE GLASS IZ EARZ NI WTER IN E GLS
!RE THERE ANY TREES IN THE GARDEN AR EAR NI TRZ IN E GRDN
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
.OTE EL USO DE ,)44,% LTL POCOA &%7 l POCOSAS Y ! ,/4 /& E LT OV BASTANTEBASTANTES
4HERE|S VERY LITTLE WATER IN THE GLASS ARZ VRI LTL WTER IN E GLS (AY MUY POCA AGUA EN EL VASO
4HERE|S A LOT OF ICE IN MY GLASS ARZ E LT OV IS IN MAI GLS (AY BASTANTE HIELO EN MI VASO
4HERE ARE VERY FEW DESKS IN THE ROOM EAR AR VRI l DESKS IN E RM (AY MUY POCOS ESCRITORIOS EN LA SALA
4HERE ARE A LOT OF CHAIRS IN THE ROOM EAR AR E LT OV TCHARZ IN RM (AY BASTANTES SILLAS EN LA SALA
,A EXPRESIN A LOT OF NORMALMENTE SE USA EN ORACIONES AlRMATIVAS %N LAS ORACIONES NEGATIVAS E INTERROGATIVAS SE
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4HERE ARE A LOT OF BOOKS ON THE SHELF AR R E LT OV BUKS ON E SHLF
.EGATIVE
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4HERE ISN|T MUCH SUGAR IN THE BOWL AR ZNT MUTCH SHGAR IN E BUL
4HERE AREN|T MANY BOOKS ON THE SHELF AR RENT MNI BUKS ON E SHLF
)NTERROGATIVE
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!RE THERE MANY BOOKS ON THE SHELF R AR MNI BUKS ON E SHLF
%L ARTCULO INDElNIDO !!. UN UNA NO TIENE UNA FORMA PARA EL PLURAL POR LO TANTO SE OMITE .ORMALMENTE EL ARTCULO
!!. SE REEMPLAZA POR LAS PALABRAS 3/-% SAM ALGUNOSAS 3%6%2!, SVERL VARIOSAS -!.9 MNI MUCHOSAS
4HERE IS A TREE IN THE GARDEN
4HERE ARE TREES IN THE GARDEN
4HERE ARE SOME TREES IN THE GARDEN
4HERE ARE SEVERAL TREES IN THE GARDEN
4HERE ARE MANY TREES IN THE GARDEN
#UANDO 4(%2% )34(%2% !2% VAN SEGUIDAS DIRECTAMENTE POR UN SUSTANTIVO EN LAS NEGACIONES GENERALMENTE SE
USA LA PALABRA ./ NU
4HERE|S WATER IN THAT BOTTLE 4HERE|S NO WATER IN THAT BOTTLE
4HERE ARE mOWERS IN THE GARDEN 4HERE ARE NO mOWERS IN THE GARDEN
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%X #OMPLETE THE SENTENCES USING 4(%2% )3 OR 4(%2% !2%
??????????????????????? SOME BOOKS ON THE SHELF
??????????????????????? VERY LITTLE MONEY LEFT IN THE BOX
??????????????????????? ONLY ONE STUDENT IN THE LAB NOW
??????????????????????? VERY FEW PEOPLE AT THE CONFERENCE
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
??????????????????????? NO MORE MILK IN THE JUG
??????????????????????? NO MORE CASSETTES IN THE BOX
??????????????????????? NO TIME LEFT
??????????????????????? SEVERAL HELICOPTERS IN THE AIRlELD
??????????????????????? SOME LETTERS FOR YOU ON THE DESK
??????????????????????? A LOT OF MISTAKES IN YOUR COMPOSITION
%X #HANGE THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS INTO THE NEGATIVE FORM
4HERES A LOT OF FRUIT IN THE BASKET
4HERE ARE A LOT OF STUDENTS ABSENT
4HERE|S SOME MORE MEAT IN THE FRIDGE
4HERE ARE SOME EXTRA CHAIRS IN THE ROOM
4HERE|S A TELEPHONE IN THE ROOM
4HERE ARE A LOT OF PEOPLE IN THE ROOM
4HERE ARE SOME MORE CLEAN GLASSES
4HERE ARE DAYS IN &EBRUARY
4HERE|S SOME MORE MONEY IN MY POCKET
4HERE|S CENTRAL HEATING IN THE ROOM
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%X #HANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO THE INTERROGATIVE FORM
4HERE|S A HOTEL NEAR THE 4RAINING #ENTER
4HERE ARE SOME STUDENTS ABSENT TODAY
4HERE|S A LOT OF FREE TIME IN THE MORNINGS
4HERE|S SOME MORE COFFEE IN THE CUP
4HERE ARE MORE THAN STUDENTS
4HERE ARE MORE WOMEN THAN MEN
4HERE IS ANOTHER CHAIR IN THAT ROOM
4HERE ARE SOME MORE BOOKS
4HERE ARE HOURS IN A DAY
4HERE|S A TRAIN FOR 0ARIS IN THE MORNING
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%X #OMPLETE THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 5SE (/7 -5#()3 4(%2% /R (/7 -!.9
!2% 4(%2% IN THE QUESTIONS AND 4(%2%3 OR 4(%2% !2% IN THE !NSWERS
%J (OW MANY
DICTIONARIES ARE THERE
??????????????????? MONEY ??????????????
??????????????????? DOORS ???????????????? IN THE LAB
??????????????????? MILK ????????????????? IN THE JUG
??????????????????? VIDEO TAPES ???????????
??????????????????? WORK ????????????????? TODAY
??????????????????? PEOPLE ??????????????? IN THE ROOM
??????????????????? BUTTER ???????????????? IN THE DISH
??????????????????? SECRETARIES ???????????? HERE
??????????????????? WOMEN ?????????????? IN THAT GROUP
??????????????????? MEN ????????????????? IN THE CREW
4HERE ARE SIR
???????????????? VERY LITTLE
???????????????? JUST ONE
???????????????? NO MILK IN IT
???????????????? VERY FEW
???????????????? A LOT OF WORK
???????????????? A LOT
???????????????? JUST A LITTLE
???????????????? TWO
???????????????? lVE OR SIX
???????????????? FOUR MEN
%X 5SE ,)44,% &%7 ! ,/4 IN THE BLANK SPACES
4HERE ARE VERY ?????????????????????????????? BOOKS IN THE SCHOOL LIBRARY
4HERE|S ???????????????????????????????????? MILK LEFT IN THE BOTTLE
4HERE|S VERY ???????????????????????????????? ICE IN MY GLASS
4HERE|S ???????????????????????????????????? OF NOISE IN THIS ROOM
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
4HERE ARE ?????????????????????????????????? OF TREES IN THAT PARK
4HERE ARE ONLY A ???????????????????????????? TICKETS AVAILABLE
4HERE ARE ?????????????????????????????????? STUDENTS ABSENT FROM CLASS TODAY
4HERE|S ???????????????????????????????????? OF SUGAR IN MY COFFEE )T|S TOO SWEET
4HERE ARE ?????????????????????????????????? OF ERRORS IN MY BILL
4HERE|S JUST A ?????????????????????????????? WHISKY LEFT IN THE BOTTLE
" 0!34 4%.3% 4(%2% 7!3 4(%2% 7%2%
%L PASADO DE 4(%2% )34(%2% !2% SE EXPRESA USANDO 4(%2% 7!3 EAR WZ 4(%2% 7%2% EAR WER ,A NEGACIN
SE EXPRESA USANDO LA PALABRA ./4 DESPUS DE 7!3 Y 7%2% .ORMALMENTE SE USAN LAS CONTRACCIONES 4(%2%
7!3.|4 EAR WZENT 4(%2% 7%2%.|4 EAR WRENT ,A INTERROGACIN SE EXPRESA INVIRTIENDO EL ORDEN DE LAS PALABRAS
7!3 Y 7%2% CON LA PALABRA 4(%2%
%SCUCHE LEA Y APRENDA
4HERE WAS A LOT OF NOISE IN THE ROOM EAR WAS E LOT OV NIS IN E RM (ABA BASTANTE RUIDO EN LA SALA
4HERE WERE MANY PEOPLE ABSENT EAR WER MNI PPL BSENT (ABA MUCHAS PERSONAS AUSENTES
4HERE WASN|T ANY BEER IN THE CAN EAR WZNT NI BAR IN E KN .O HABA NADA DE CERVEZA EN LA LATA
4HERE WEREN|T MANY BOOKS ON THE DESK EAR WRNT MNI BUKS ON E DSK .O HABA MUCHOS LIBROS SOBRE EL ESCRITORIO
7AS THERE A 46 IN THE ROOM WOZ EAR E T V IN E RM z(ABA UN TELEVISOR EN LA HABITACIN
(OW MANY PEOPLE WERE THERE AT THE PARTY HU MENI PPL WER EAR ATE PRTI z#UNTA GENTE HABA EN LA lESTA
%8%2#)3%3
%X #HANGE INTO THE 0AST 4ENSE
4HERE|S A LOT OF WORK IN THE OFlCE TODAY
4HERE ARE TWO BOOKS MISSING FROM THE SHELF
(OW MUCH MILK IS THERE IN THE FRIDGE
4HERE AREN|T MANY HOTELS IN THIS TOWN
)S THERE ENOUGH MONEY FOR THE TRIP
(OW MANY PEOPLE ARE THERE ON BOARD
4HERE ISN|T MUCH TIME TO TALK
4HERE ARE VERY FEW PEOPLE IN THE PUB
!RE THERE MANY ERRORS IN THE BILL
4HERE|S VERY LITTLE WHISKY LEFT
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X !NSWER THESE QUESTIONS USING THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN PARENTHESIS
(OW MANY STUDENTS WERE THERE IN THIS CLASS LAST YEAR ABOUT
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7ERE THERE MANY PEOPLE AT THE MEETING LAST -ONDAY .O NOT MORE THAN
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
(OW MUCH FREE TIME WAS THERE DURING THE "ASIC 4RAINING 0ERIOD VERY LITTLE OF COURSE
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7AS THERE ENOUGH BREAD FOR ALL THE PEOPLE YES MORE THAN ENOUGH
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
(OW MANY STUDENTS WERE THERE IN THE LABORATORY NOT ANY
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
(OW MANY DAYS WERE THERE IN &EBRUARY THAT YEAR IT WAS A LEAP YEAR
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7ERE THERE MANY CARS IN THE STREET AT THAT TIME 9ES LOTS OF CARS
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
# &5452% 4%.3% 4(%2% 7),, "%
%L FUTURO DE 4(%2% )34(%2% !2% SE EXPRESA CON LA FORMA 4(%2% 7),, "% EAR WIL B %N LA CONVERSACIN DIARIA
7),, SE UNE CON LA PALABRA 4(%2% FORMANDO LA CONTRACCIN 4(%2%|,, "% EARL B
%SCUCHE LEA Y APRENDA
4HERE WILL BE A VERY GOOD PROGRAM ON 46 TONIGHT EAR WIL B E VERI GUD PRUGRAM ON T V TUNAT (ABR UN MUY BUEN PROGRAMA
EN LA 46 ESTA NOCHE
4HERE WILL BE TWO MORE TESTS NEXT WEEK EAR WIL B T MR TSTS NEKST WK (ABR DOS PRUEBAS MS LA PRXIMA SEMANA
4HERE|LL BE ANOTHER MEETING THIS EVENING EARL B ANER MTI IS VNI (ABR OTRA REUNIN ESTA TARDE
4HERE|LL BE SOME MORE RAIN NEXT WEEKEND EARL B SM MR RIN NKST WIKND (ABR ALGO MS DE LLUVIA EL PRXIMO lN DE
SEMANA
,A FORMA NEGATIVA SE EXPRESA USANDO LA PALABRA ./4 DESPUS DEL VERBO MODAL 7),, NORMALMENTE FORMANDO LA
CONTRACCIN 7/.|4 WUNT %N LAS PREGUNTAS EL VERBO MODAL 7),, PRECEDE A LA PALABRA 4(%2%
%SCUCHE LEA Y APRENDA
4HERE WILL NOT BE A GOOD PROGRAM ON 46 TONIGHT EAR WIL NOT B E GUD PRUGRAM ON T V TUNIT
4HERE WILL NOT BE ANOTHER MEETING THIS EVENING EAR WIL NOT B ANER MTI IS VNI
4HERE WON|T BE TWO MORE TESTS NEXT WEEK EAR WUNT B T MR TESTS NEKST WK
7ILL THERE BE A GOOD PROGRAM ON 46 THIS EVENING WIL EAR B A GUD PRUGRAM ON T V IS VNIN
7ILL THERE BE ANY MORE RAIN NEXT WEEKEND WIL EAR B ENI MR RIN NEKST WIKEND
(OW MANY TESTS WILL THERE BE NEXT WEEK HU MNI TSTS WIL EAR B NEKST WK
%8%2#)3%3
%X #HANGE INTO THE FUTURE TENSE
4HERE IS A LOT OF FREE TIME IN THE EVENING
4HERE ARE SOME WOMEN AT THE MEETING
4HERE ISN|T ANY FOOD LEFT IN THE FRIDGE
(OW MANY PEOPLE ARE THERE AT THE RECEPTION
(OW MUCH MONEY IS THERE IN THE BOX
)S THERE ANY MORE WORK
!RE THERE MORE THAN TEN STUDENTS IN YOUR CLASS
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X 5SE THE RIGHT TENSE OF 4HERE 4O "E 0RESENT 0AST OR &UTURE
(OW MANY WOMEN ????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????
(OW MUCH FREE TIME ??????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????
(OW MANY STUDENTS ???????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????
AT THE PARTY LAST 3ATURDAY
A LOT OF NOISE IN THIS ROOM NOW
SEVERAL TREES IN THE PARK NOW
NEXT TIME
VERY LITTLE FOOD IN THE FRIDGE NOW
NOT ANY MORE EXERCISES IN THE BOOK NOW
A LOT OF NOISE AT THE DISCO LAST NIGHT
VERY FEW mOWERS IN OUR GARDEN
IN YOUR CLASS LAST YEAR
MUCH MILK LEFT *UST ONE OR TWO BOTTLES
%X 4RANSLATE THE PREVIOUS SENTENCES INTO 3PANISH
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X !NSWER THESE QUESTIONS IN %NGLISH
(OW MANY DAYS ARE THERE IN A WEEK
(OW MANY DAYS WILL THERE BE IN &EBRUARY NEXT YEAR
(OW MANY STUDENTS WERE THERE IN YOUR CLASS LAST YEAR
(OW MANY COMPUTERS ARE THERE IN YOUR OFlCE
(OW MANY PEOPLE WERE THERE IN THE ROOM AT
7ILL THERE BE ANOTHER MEETING THIS WEEK
7AS THERE MUCH WORK TO DO IN THE OFlCE LAST -ONDAY
!RE THERE ANY SPELLING MISTAKES IN THE LETTER
(OW MUCH MONEY IS THERE IN YOUR WALLET
(OW MANY EGGS ARE THERE IN A DOZEN
??????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????
.O ??????????????????????????????????????????
9ES ??????????????????????????????????????????
.O ??????????????????????????????????????????
.O ???????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????
%X 4RANSLATE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO %NGLISH
(ABR OTRA REUNIN GENERAL EL PRXIMO VIERNES
(ABA SOLAMENTE DOS HOTELES EN ESE PUEBLO
z(AY UN RESTAURANT CERCA DE AQU
z#UNTO DINERO HAY EN LA BILLETERA
.O HABA MUCHA GENTE EN EL EDIlCIO A ESA HORA
.O HABR OTRO CONCIERTO HASTA LA PRXIMA SEMANA
.O HAY TIEMPO PARA CONVERSAR
(ABA MUY POCO TIEMPO LIBRE DURANTE LA MAANA
z#UNTO S AUTOS HABA EN EL ESTACIONAMIENTO ESA TARDE
(ABA MUY POCOS NIOS EN LA CALLE ESE DA
.O HABR MUCHOS PARTIDOS DE FTBOL ESTE lN DE SEMANA
(AY MUCHO RUIDO EN ESTA SALA AHORA
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
??????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????
0!24 )) .5-"%23
%SCUCHE LEA Y APRENDA
ONE UN
SIX SIKS
TWO TU
SEVEN SVN
THREE RI
EIGHT IT
FOUR FOR
NINE NIN
lVE FIV
TEN TEN
ELEVEN ILVN
SIXTEEN SIKSTN
TWELVE TULV
SEVENTEEN SEVNTN
THIRTEEN ERTN
EIGHTEEN EITN
FOURTEEN FORTN
NINETEEN NAINTN
lFTEEN lFTN
TWENTY TUNTI
SEVENTY SVNTI
THIRTY RTI
EIGHTY ITI
FORTY FRTI
NINETY NINTI
lFTY FFTI
SIXTY SKSTI
ONE HUNDRED UN HNDRED
ONE THOUSAND UN UZAND
TWO HUNDRED THOUSAND T HNDRED UZAND
TWO HUNDRED T HNDRED
TWO THOUSAND T UZAND
TWO MILLION T MLION
lVE THOUSAND THREE HUNDRED AND SIXTY
TWO FAIV UZAND RI HNDRED AND SKSTI T
FORTY lVE THOUSAND NINE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY
ONE FRTI FIV UZAND NAIN HNDRED AND SVENTI UN
)MPORTANTE
,AS PALABRAS TWENTY THIRTY FORTY ETC SIEMPRE VAN SEGUIDAS DE UN GUIN ANTES DEL NMERO UNITARIO %J TWENTY
ONE THIRTY
TWO FORTY
lVE SIXTY
EIGHT NINETY
FOUR
,AS PALABRAS HUNDRED THOUSAND MILLION Y BILLION NO SE PLURALIZAN EN INGLS %J FOUR HUNDRED lVE THOUSAND THREE MILLION
,A PALABRA HUNDRED SIEMPRE VA SEGUIDA DE AND LAS PALABRAS THOUSAND MILLION Y BILLION NO VAN SEGUIDAS DE AND
%J THREE HUNDRED AND SIXTY
lVE lVE THOUSAND THREE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY
SEVEN FOUR HUNDRED AND SIXTY
THREE THOUSAND TWO
HUNDRED AND SIXTY
lVE
,AS PALABRAS HUNDRED THOUSAND Y MILLION SE PLURALIZAN SOLAMENTE EN LAS SIGUIENTES EXPRESIONES PARA INDICAR LO MISMO QUE hLOTS OFv %J 4HERE
ARE HUNDREDS OF LOTS OF TREES IN THE PARK 4HERE WERE THOUSANDS OF LOTS OF PEOPLE IN THE STADIUM 4HERE ARE MILLIONS OF LOTS OF STARS IN OUR
GALAXY
!L ESCRIBIR CIFRAS EN INGLS EL PUNTO ES COMA Y LA COMA ES PUNTO %J KM 53
%X 2EAD AND THEN WRITE THESE NUMBERS
A
H
B
I
C
J
D
K
E
L
F
M
G
N
A ????????????????????????????????????????????? B ????????????????????????????????????????????????
C ????????????????????????????????????????????? D ????????????????????????????????????????????????
E ????????????????????????????????????????????? F ????????????????????????????????????????????????
G ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
H ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
I ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
J ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
K ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
L ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
M ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
N ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
"!3)# 6/#!"5,!29 3TUDY THESE WORDS
0%/0,%
'%.%2!,
PERSON PRSN
PEOPLE PPL
CHILD CHILDREN TCHILDTCHILDRN
BOY BOI
GIRL GRL
PERSONA
GENTE PERSONAS
NIOS PEQUEOS
NIO
NIA
MANMEN MNMEN
WOMANWOMEN WUMANWMEN
GENTLEMAN DLLNTLMAN
LADY LIDI
KIDS KIDZ
ABUELOS
ABUELO
ABUELA
NIETOS
NIETO
NIETA
PADRES
ESPOSO MARIDO
ESPOSA MUJER
PADRE
MADRE
HIJOS NIOS
HIJO
HIJA
HERMANO
HERMANA
TO
TA
SOBRINO
SOBRINA
PRIMO
DAD DADDY DD DDI
MOM MOMMY MAM MMI
GRANDPA GRNPA
GRANNY GRNI
FATHER IN LAW FER IN L
MOTHER IN LAW MAER IN L
SON IN LAW SAN IN L
DAUGHTER IN LAW DTER IN L
BROTHER IN LAW BRER IN L
SISTER IN LAW SSTER IN L
STEP FATHER STEP FER
STEP MOTHER STEP MER
STEP SON STEP SAN
STEP DAUGHTER STEP DTER
STEP BROTHER STEP BRER
STEP SISTER STEP SSTER
FOSTER FATHER FSTER FER
FOSTER MOTHER FSTER MER
GOD FATHER GOD FER
GOD MOTHER GOD MER
HOMBRES
MUJERES
CABALLERO
DAMA
CHICOS NIOS
&!-),9 !.$ 2%,!4)6%3
GRANDPARENTS GRANDPARENTS
GRANDFATHER GRANDFAER
GRANDMOTHER GRANDMER
GRANDCHILDREN GRANDTCHILDREN
GRANDSON GRNDSAN
GRANDDAUGHTER GRAND DTER
PARENTS PARENTS
HUSBAND HZBAND
WIFE WAIF
FATHER FER
MOTHER MER
CHILDREN TCHLDREN
SON SN
DAUGHTER DTER
BROTHER BRER
SISTER SSTER
UNCLE KL
AUNT ANT
NEPHEW NlU
NIECE NIS
COUSIN KZIN
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
PAP PAPI
MAM MAMI
ABUELITO
ABUELITA
SUEGRO
SUEGRA
YERNO
NUERA
CUADO
CUADA
PADRASTRO
MADRASTRA
HIJASTRO
HIJASTRA
HERMANASTRO
HERMANASTRA
PADRE ADOPTIVO
MADRE ADOPTIVA
PADRINO
MADRINA
+%9 4/ !.37%23
5.)4
0ART )
!
%X 4HERE ARE 4HERE IS 4HERE IS 4HERE ARE 4HERE IS 4HERE ARE 4HERE IS 4HERE ARE 4HERE ARE
4HERE ARE
%X 4HERE ISN|T MUCH 4HERE AREN|T MANY 4HERE ISN|T ANY MORE 4HERE|S NO MORE 4HERE AREN|T ANY
EXTRA 4HERE ARE NO EXTRA 4HERE ISN|T A 4HERE AREN|T MANY 4HERE AREN|T ANY MORE 4HERE ARE NO MORE
4HERE AREN|T 4HERE ISN|T ANY MORE 4HERE|S NO MORE 4HERE|S NO CENTRAL
%X )S THERE A HOTEL !RE THERE ANY STUDENTS )S THERE MUCH FREE )S THERE ANY MORE !RE THERE
MORE THAN !RE THERE MORE )S THERE ANOTHER !RE THERE ANY MORE
!RE THERE )S THERE A TRAIN
%X (OW MUCH IS THERE 4HERE|S (OW MANY ARE THERE 4HERE|S (OW MUCH IS THERE 4HERE|S
(OW MANY ARE THERE 4HERE ARE (OW MUCH IS THERE 4HERE|S (OW MANY ARE THERE 4HRE ARE
(OW MUCH IS THERE 4HERE|S (OW MANY ARE THERE 4HERE ARE
(OW MANY ARE THERE 4HERE ARE (OW MANY ARE THERE 4HERE ARE
%X FEW LITTLE LITTLE A LOT A LOT FEW FEW A LOT A LOT LITTLE
"
%X 4HERE WAS 4HERE WERE (OW MUCH MILK WAS THERE 4HERE WEREN|T 7AS THERE ENOUGH
(OW MANY PEOPLE WERE THERE 4HERE WASN|T 4HERE WERE 7ERE THERE 4HERE WAS
%X 4HERE WERE ABOUT .O THERE WEREN|T MORE THAN 4HERE WAS VERY LITTLE OF COURSE 9ES THERE WAS
MORE THAN ENOUGH 4HERE WEREN|T ANY 4HERE WERE )T WAS A LEAP YEAR 9ES THERE WERE LOTS OF CARS
#
%X 4HERE WILL BE A LOT 4HERE WILL BE SOME 4HERE WON|T BE ANY (OW MANY PEOPLE WILL THERE BE
(OW MUCH MONEY WILL THERE BE 7ILL THERE BE ANY 7ILL THERE BE MORE THAN
%X 7ERE THERE 4HERE|S 4HERE ARE 7ILL THERE BE 4HERE|S 4HERE ARE 4HERE WAS 4HERE ARE
WERE THERE 4HERE ISN|T
%X z#UNTAS MUJERES HABA EN LA lESTA EL SBADO PASADO (AY BASTANTE RUIDO EN ESTA SALA AHORA (AY VARIOS
RBOLES EN EL PARQUE AHORA z#UNTO TIEMPO LIBRE HABR LA PRXIMA VEZ (AY MUY POCA COMIDA EN EL REFRIGERADOR
AHORA .O HAY MS EJERCICIOS EN EL LIBRO AHORA (ABA BASTANTE RUIDO EN LA DISCOTECA ANOCHE (AY MUY POCAS
mORES EN NUESTRO JARDN z#UNTOS ALUMNOS HABA EN TU CURSO EL AO PASADO .O HAY MUCHA LECHE SOBRANTE
3LO UNA O DOS BOTELLAS
%X 4HERE ARE SEVEN DAYS 4HERE|LL BE DAYS 4HERE WERE STUDENTS 4HERE|S JUST ONE 4HERE ARE
COMPUTERS 4HERE WEREPEOPLE .O THERE WON|T BE ANOTHER MEETING 9ES THERE WAS A LOT OF WORK .O THERE
AREN|T ANY .O THERE ARE NO SPELLING MISTAKES 4HERE ISN|T MUCH MONEY IN IT 4HERE ARE TWELVE EGGS
%X 4HERE WILL BE ANOTHER GENERAL MEETING NEXT &RIDAY 4HERE WERE ONLY TWO HOTELS IN THAT TOWN )S THERE A
RESTAURANT NEAR HERE (OW MUCH MONEY IS THERE IN THE WALLET 4HERE WEREN|T MANY PEOPLE IN THE BUILDING AT THAT
TIME 4HERE WON|T BE ANOTHER CONCERT UNTIL NEXT WEEK 4HERE IS NO TIME TO TALK 4HERE WAS VERY LITTLE FREE TIME
DURING THE MORNING (OW MANY CARS WERE THERE IN THE CAR PARK THAT AFTERNOON EVENING 4HERE WERE VERY FEW
CHILDREN IN THE STREET THAT DAY 4HERE WON|T BE MANY FOOTBALL GAMES MATCHES THIS WEEK END 4HERE|S A LOT OF
NOISE IN THIS ROOM NOW
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
0ART ))
%X A TWELVE B lFTY
SIX C SEVENTY
NINE D NINETY
FOUR E THIRTY
THREE F TWENTY
EIGHT G ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY
EIGHT
H lVE HUNDRED AND NINETY
SEVEN I EIGHT HUNDRED AND FORTY
SIX J ONE THOUSAND TWO HUNDRED AND EIGHTY
lVE K SIX
THOUSAND THREE HUNDRED AND NINETY
FOUR L TWENTY
FOUR THOUSAND NINE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY
THREE M TWO HUNDRED AND
lFTY
SIX THOUSAND EIGHT HUNDRED AND SEVENTY
lVE N lVE MILLION SIX HUNDRED AND EIGHTY
SEVEN THOUSAND THREE HUNDRED
AND TWENTY
EIGHT
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
5.)4
0!24 ) (!6% '/4 4%.%2
%STA EXPRESIN VERBAL SE USA ESPECIALMENTE EN INGLS BRITNICO Y SOLAMENTE EN EL TIEMPO PRESENTE PARA INDICAR POSESIN
O PROPIEDAD ES DECIR SIGNIlCA 4%.%2 %N EL 0RESENTE !lRMATIVO SE CONJUGA DE LA SIGUIENTE MANERA
) HAVE GOT AI HAV GT
9OU HAVE GOT I HAV GT
(E HAS GOT HI HAZ GT
3HE HAS GOT SHI HAZ GT
)T HAS GOT IT HAZ GT
7E HAVE GOT WI HAV GT
9OU HAVE GOT I HAV GT
4HEY HAVE GOT I HAV GT
)|VE GOT AIV GT
9OU|VE GOT IUV GOT
(E|S GOT HIZ GT
3HE|S GOT SHIZ GT
)T|S GOT ITS GT
7E|VE GOT WIV GT
9OU|VE GOT IV GT
4HEY|VE GOT IV GT
YO TENGO
T TIENES
L TIENE
ELLA TIENE
L ELLA TIENE
NOS TENEMOS
UDS TIENEN
ELLOS TIENEN
%SCUCHE LEA Y APRENDA
) HAVE GOT A CAR AI HAV GT E KR
)|VE GOT A CAR AIV GT E KR
9O TENGO UN AUTO
0ETER HAS GOT MANY FRIENDS PTER HAZ GT MNI FRNDZ
0ETER TIENE MUCHOS AMIGOS
4HEY HAVE GOT A BIG HOUSE EI HAV GT E BG HUS
%LLOS TIENEN UNA CASA GRANDE
-Y DOG HAS GOT LONG EARS MAI DG HAZ GT LO ARZ
-I PERRO TIENE OREJAS LARGAS
4HE ROOMS HAVE GOT CENTRAL HEATING E RMZ HAV GT SNTRL HTI
,AS HABITACIONES TIENEN CALEFACCIN CENTRAL
0ETER|S GOT MANY FRIENDS PTERZ GT
4HEY|VE GOT A BIG HOUSE EIV GT
-Y DOG|S GOT LONG EARS MAI DGZ GT
%N LA FORMA NEGATIVA SE USA (!6% ./ '/4 Y (!3 ./4 '/4 .ORMALMENTE SE USAN LAS CONTRACCIONES (!6%.|4
'/4 HVENT GT Y (!3.|4 '/4 HZENT GT
%SCUCHE LEA Y APRENDA
) HAVE NOT GOT A CAR AI HAV NOT GT
) HAVEN|T GOT A CAR AI HVENT GTR
0ETER HAS NOT GOT MANY FRIENDS PTER HAZ NOT GT
0ETER HASN|T GOT MANY FRIENDS PTER HZENT GT
4HEY HAVE NOT GOT A BIG HOUSE EI HAV NOT GT
4HEY HAVEN|T GOT A BIG HOUSE EI HVENT GOT
-Y DOG HAS NOT GOT LONG EARS MAI DG HAZ NOT GT
-Y DOG HASN|T GOT LONG EARS MAI DG HZENT GT
4HE ROOMS HAVE NOT GOT CENTRAL HEATING E RMZ HAV NOT GT 4HE ROOMS HAVEN|T GOT CENTRAL HEATING E RMZ HVENT GT
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! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
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! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
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! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
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7E ??????????????????????????
4HEY ?????????????????????????
.EGATIVE
) DON|T WORK HERE EVERY DAY
9OU ????????????????????????
"ILL ?????????????????????????
!NN ????????????????????????
7E ?????????????????????????
4HEY ???????????????????????
)NTERROGATIVE
$O ) WORK HERE EVERY DAY
?????? YOU ???????????????
??????? "ILL ???????????????
?????? !NN ???????????????
??????? WE ???????????????
?????? THEY ???????????????
) DON|T WATCH 46 AFTER DINNER
????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
$O ) WATCH 46 AFTER DINNER
??????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
C ) GO TO THE MOVIES EVERY NIGHT
9OU ??????????????????????????
"ILL ???????????????????????????
!NN ??????????????????????????
7E ??????????????????????????
4HEY ?????????????????????????
) DON|T ??????????????????????
????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
$O ) ??????????????????????
??????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
D ) PLAY TENNIS ON 3ATURDAY
9OU ??????????????????????????
"ILL ???????????????????????????
!NN ??????????????????????????
7E ??????????????????????????
4HEY ?????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
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????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
E ) STUDY %NGLISH EVERY DAY
9OU ??????????????????????????
"ILL ???????????????????????????
!NN ??????????????????????????
7E ??????????????????????????
4HEY ?????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
F ) HAVE DINNER AT WORK
9OU ??????????????????????????
"ILL ???????????????????????????
!NN ??????????????????????????
7E ??????????????????????????
4HEY ?????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
G ) DO THE EXERCISES WELL
9OU ??????????????????????????
"ILL ???????????????????????????
!NN ??????????????????????????
7E ??????????????????????????
4HEY ?????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
%X #OMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING THE 3IMPLE 0RESENT 4ENSE OF THE VERBS GIVEN IN PARENTHESES
4HEN TRANSLATE THEM INTO 3PANISH
4HE CHILDREN ????????????????????????AT THIS TIME EVERY MORNING GET UP
7E SELDOM ??????????????????????????? TO THE .ORTH IN THE SUMMER GO
) ?????????????????????????????? BREAKFAST AT EVERY MORNING HAVE
*OHN ??????????????????????? THE NEWSPAPER ON THE TRAIN EVERY DAY READ
4HE STUDENTS SOMETIMES ?????????????????????????RUGBY AT SCHOOL PLAY
0ETER ??????????????????? BRIDGE WITH HIS FRIENDS EVERY &RIDAY NIGHT PLAY
4HE TRAIN ??????????????????????IN ,ONDON AT EVERY MORNING ARRIVE
-YRIAM ?????????????????????????? THE mOOR ONCE OR TWICE A WEEK WASH
) NEVER ???????????????????????????????????? 3PANISH AT SCHOOL SPEAK
4HE MANAGER GENERALLY ????????????????? THE OFlCE AFTER PM LEAVE
-Y WIFE AND ) OFTEN ????????????????????????????? IN THAT RESTAURANT EAT
-R 3MITH ???????????????????????? 46 AFTER DINNER EVERY EVENING WATCH
%X #HANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO A NEGATIVE B INTERROGATIVE AND C 7H
QUESTIONS
-ARY LIKES TO DRINK COFFEE WITH MILK
4HEY LIVE NEAR HERE
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
0ETER WATCHES 46 EVERY NIGHT
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE BUS LEAVES AT
4HAT MAN SPEAKS 'ERMAN
4HEY WORK OUT EVERY MORNING
"OB ALWAYS DRINKS BEER
4HEY HAVE TWO CARS
0ETER DOES EVERYTHING WELL
4HEY COME HERE TWICE A WEEK
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
%X !SK QUESTIONS USING WH WORDS LIKE 7(!4 7(%2% 7(%. (/7 ETC
3HE LIVES NEAR 7IMBLEDON
4HEY PLAY GOLF TWICE A WEEK
4HEY GET UP AT EVERY MORNING
4HE STUDENTS NEED MORE PRACTICE
*OHN GOES TO 0UCN IN THE SUMMER
-ARY COMES TO WORK BY BUS
7E GO TO THE CLUB ON &RIDAY
4HEY GO TO THE PARK ON 3UNDAY
-ARY GOES SHOPPING ON 3ATURDAY
4HEY NEED TWENTY DOLLARS
4HEY HAVE TWO CARS NOW
(E WALKS TO WORK BECAUSE HE HASN|T GOT A CAR
4HEY DON|T LIKE THE CAR BECAUSE IT|S TOO SMALL
3HE USUALLY SLEEPS SIX HOURS EVERY NIGHT
???????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
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???????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
%X !NSWER THESE QUESTIONS IN %NGLISH
(OW MANY WEEKS ARE THERE IN A YEAR
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
"OB IS IN THE OFlCE 7HAT|S HE DOING
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
(OW MANY LEGS HAS A DOG GOT
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
!RE THERE ANY TREES IN YOUR GARDEN
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE CHILDREN ARE IN THE PARK 7HAT ARE THEY DOING
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
7HAT DO YOU DO AFTER DINNER EVERY EVENING
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
(OW MUCH FREE TIME IS THERE IN AN INTENSIVE COURSE
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
(OW OFTEN DOES YOUR %NGLISH TEACHER USE THE 6#2 IN C ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
7HERE DO YOU USUALLY SPEND YOUR SUMMER VACATIO
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
7HEN DOES A PERSON GO TO SEE A DOCTOR
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%X #OMPLETE THE SENTENCES USING ONE OF THE FOLLOWING
CAUSES
OPENS
CLOSES
SPEAKS
DRINKS
LIVES
TAKES PLACE
!NN ?????????????????????????? 'ERMAN VERY WELL
) NEVER ??????????????????????????? COFFEE
4HE SWIMMING POOL ?????????????????????????AT AM AND ????????????????????? AT PM EVERY DAY
"AD DRIVING ?????????????????????????? MANY ACCIDENTS
-Y GRAND PARENTS ???????????????????????? IN A VERY SMALL APARTMENT
4HE /LYMPIC 'AMES ???????????????????????????EVERY FOUR YEARS
%X 0UT THE VERB INTO THE CORRECT FORM
*ANET ??????????????????????????????? TEA VERY OFTEN NOT DRINK
7HAT TIME ?????????????????????????????????IN "RITAIN THE BANKS CLOSE
!7HERE ??????????????????????????????????FROM -ARTIN COME " @(ES 3COTTISH
! @7HAT ?????????????????????????????????? YOU DO ")M AN ELECTRICAL ENGINEER
)T ??????????????????????????ME AN HOUR TO GET TO WORK TAKE (OW LONG ?????????????????? YOU IT TAKE
) ???????????????????????????THE PIANO PLAY BUT ) ?????????????????????? IT VERY WELL NOT PLAY
) DONT UNDERSTAND THIS SENTENCE 7HAT ?????????????????????????????????????THIS WORD MEAN
%X 5SE ONE OF THE FOLLOWING VERBS TO COMPLETE THESE SENTENCES 3OMETIMES YOU NEED THE NEGATIVE
BELIEVE EAT
GO
mOW MAKE RISE GROW TELL
TRANSLATE
4HE EARTH ????????????????????????????????????? ROUND THE SUN
2ICE ?????????????????????????????????? IN "RITAIN
4HE SUN ????????????????????????????????????? IN THE EAST
"EES ?????????????????????????????????? HONEY
6EGETARIANS ??????????????????????????????????????? MEAT
!N ATHEIST ???????????????????????????????????? IN 'OD
!N INTERPRETER ?????????????????????????????????????? FROM ONE LANGUAGE INTO ANOTHER
! LIAR IS SOMEONE WHO ???????????????????????????????????? THE TRUTH
4HE 2IVER !MAZON ????????????????????????????? INTO THE !TLANTIC /CEAN
%X 2EVIEW 5SE THE 0RESENT #ONTINUOUS OR THE 3IMPLE 0RESENT OF THE VERB GIVEN IN PARENTHESES
-Y BROTHER *IM ?????????????????????????? IN "OSTON AT PRESENT WORK
4HE SECRETARY GENERALLY ?????????????????????????THE OFlCE AT EVERY EVENING LEAVE
-R 3COTT ???????????????????????????? THE NEWS ON 46 AT THE MOMENT WATCH
7E SELDOM ??????????????????????? TO THE COAST IN THE WINTER GO
,OOK *OHN ?????????????????????????? OVER THERE COME
-ARY ?????????????????????????? TO VISIT US ONCE OR TWICE A MONTH COME
&OR THE TIME BEING 4OM ????????????????????????????? AS A MECHANIC WORK
7HERE ???????????????? THEY ?????????????????????AT PRESENT LIVE
7HERE ???????????????? THEY USUALLY ????????????????? IN THE SUMMER GO
7HAT ????????????????? THE BOY ???????????????????AT THE MOMENT DO
,OOK )T ?????????????????????????? TO RAIN ,ET|S GO INSIDE BEGIN
4HE BAR ??????????????????????? AT AND ?????????????????????AT EVERY DAY OPEN CLOSE
7E ????????NOT ??????????????????? ANYTHING SPECIAL RIGHT NOW 7E ??????? JUST ???????????? 46 DO WATCH
(ELLO "OB 7HAT ?????????????YOU ??????????????? THERE NOW DO
9OU MUST ALWAYS SPEAK TO HIM IN %NGLISH (E ?????????????? NOT ???????????????? 3PANISH UNDERSTAND
,ISTEN 3OMEBODY ??????????????????????? THE PIANO UPSTAIRS 7HO CAN IT BE PLAY
7HAT ??????????? YOU ?????????????????????? DOING WHEN YOU ARE AT HOME LIKE
7HY ???????????? YOU ?????????????????????? %NGLISH NOW !RE YOU PLANNING TO GO TO THE 53! STUDY
7HY ???????????? YOU ALWAYS ???????????????????? HOME SO LATE EVERY NIGHT 'ET
,OOK AT THAT MAN (E ??????????????????????????? A GREEN UNIFORM (E MUST BE A POLICE OFlCER WEAR
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%X 2EVIEW #OMPLETE THE SENTENCES BY USING THE 3IMPLE 0RESENT OR THE 0RESENT #ONTINUOUS OF THE VERBS
PROVIDED
3HHH 4HE LITTLE BOY SLEEP ????????????????????? (E SLEEP ?????????????????? FOR TEN HOURS EVERY NIGHT
2IGHT NOW )|M IN CLASS AND ) SIT ??????????????????????? AT MY DESK ) USUALLY SIT ???????????????????????AT
THE SAME DESK IN CLASS EVERY DAY
-USTAFA COMES FROM 3AUDI !RABIA (E SPEAK ????????????????????????? !RABIC !RABIC IS HIS NATIVE LANGUAGE
BUT RIGHT NOW HE SPEAK ?????????????????????%NGLISH
/UR TEACHER STAND NOT ?????????????????????UP RIGHT NOW (E SIT ???????????????ON THE CORNER OF HIS DESK
)T|S O|CLOCK NOW -RS "LACK|S AT HOME 3HE EAT ????????????????????????????????? DINNER 3HE ALWAYS EAT
DINNER WITH HER FAMILY AROUND SIX O|CLOCK
)T RAIN NOT ??????????????????RIGHT NOW 4HE SUN SHINE ???????????????? AND THE SKY BE ???????????BLUE
2AIN IT ?????????????????MUCH IN THE 3OUTH IN THE WINTER
,OOK OUT OF THE WINDOW 2AIN IT ?????????????????????? NOW 3HOULD ) TAKE MY UMBRELLA
)T|S AM NOW AND THE 7ILSONS ARE IN THEIR KITCHEN -RS 7ILSON SIT ?????????????????????? AT THE BREAKFAST
TABLE 3HE READ ???????????????????????? THE MORNING PAPER 3HE READ ???????????????????????????? THE
NEWSPAPER EVERY MORNING -R 7ILSON POUR ???????????????????????????????????? A CUP OF COFFEE (E DRINK
????????????????????????? TWO CUPS OF COFFEE EVERY MORNING BEFORE HE GO
TO WORK
4HERE|S A CARTOON ON 46 NOW BUT THE CHILDREN WATCH NOT ??????????????????????????????????? IT 4HEY PLAY
WITH THEIR TOYS INSTEAD 4HEY USUALLY WATCH ????????????????????? CARTOONS
IN THE MORNING BUT THIS MORNING THEY PAY NOT ???????????????????????????? ANY ATTENTION TO THE 46 -R AND
-RS 7ILSON WATCH NOT ?????????????????????????? 46 EITHER 4HEY LIKE NOT ??????????????????????????
TO WATCH CARTOONS
!LICE TAKE NOT ???????????????????????????? THE BUS TO WORK EVERY DAY 3HE USUALLY WALK
???????????????????????????????INSTEAD 4AKE YOU ??????????????????????? THE BUS TO GET TO WORK EVERY
DAY OR WALK YOU ?????????????????????????????????? SOMETIMES
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
0!24 ))
! 15%34)/. 7/2$3 )) 3TUDY THE FOLLOWING LIST OF INTERROGATIVE WORDS
%.',)3(
7HAT WOT
7HO HU
7HICH WITCH
7HEN WEN
7HY WAI
7HERE WAR
(OW HAU
7HOSE HUZ
7HOM HUM
(OW MUCH HU MTCH
(OW MANY HU MNI
(OW OFTEN HU FN
(OW LONG HU LONG
7HAT TIME WOT TIM
7HAT KIND OF WOT KIND OV
7HAT SORT OF WOT SORT OV
7HEREFROM
WAR FROM
7HERETO
WAR TU
7HOWITH
HUWI
7HOABOUT
HU ABUT
7HOFOR
HU FOR
7HATFOR
WOTFOR
7HATWITH
WOTWI
7HAT ABOUT
WOTABUT
7HATAT
WOTAT
7HAT DO DOESLOOK LIKE
WT DU DAZLK LIK
30!.)3(
%8!-0,%
z1U
z#UL ES
z1UIN ES
z#UL ES
z#UNDO
z0OR QU
z$NDE
z#MO
z$E QUIN
z! QUIN
z#UNTO A
z#UNTOS AS
z#ON QU FRECUENCIA
z#UNTO TIEMPO
z1U HORA
z1U CLASE TIPO DE
z1U CLASE TIPO DE
z$E DNDE
z(ACIA DNDE
z#ON QUIN
z!CERCA DE QUIN
z0ARA QUIN
z0ARA QU
z#ON QU
z!CERCA DE QU
z(ACIA QU
z#MO ESSON
$ESCRIPCIN DE PERSONAS
FSICO
7HAT IS THAT 7HAT DO YOU WANT TO EAT
7HAT |S YOUR NAME 7HAT|S YOUR OPINION
7HO IS THAT MAN 7HO WANTS TO PLAY
7HICH BOOK IS MINE 7HICH CAR DO YOU LIKE BEST
7HEN IS YOUR BIRTHDAY 7HEN DO YOU WATCH 46
7HY IS 4OM ABSENT TODAY 7HY ARE YOU LEAVING
7HERE IS -R 3MITH 7HERE DO YOU LIVE
(OW ARE YOU TODAY (OW DO YOU FEEL TODAY
7HOSE IS THAT CAR 7HOSE ADDRESS DO YOU NEED
7HOM DID YOU SEE 4O WHOM IS "OB SPEAKING
(OW MUCH MONEY IS THERE IN THE WALLET
(OW MANY STUDENTS ARE THERE IN YOUR CLASS
(OW OFTEN DO YOU PLAY TENNIS
(OW LONG DOES THE PROGRAM LAST
7HAT TIME IS IT !T WHAT TIME DO YOU GET UP
7HAT KIND OF BOOKS DO YOU LIKE TO READ
7HAT SORT OF PROGRAMS DO YOU WATCH ON 46
7HERE ARE THEY FROM
7HERE ARE YOU GOING TO
7HO DO YOU PRACTICE GOLF WITH
7HO ARE THEY TALKING ABOUT
7HO IS THIS LETTER FOR
7HAT IS THIS FOR 7HAT DO YOU USE A KNIFE FOR
7HAT DO YOU TAKE PHOTOGRAPHS WITH
7HAT ARE THEY TALKING ABOUT
7HAT ARE YOU LOOKING AT
7HAT DOES "ETTY LOOK LIKE 3HE|S TALL AND THIN
.OTA -UY A MENUDO LAS PREGUNTAS QUE COMIENZAN CON 0REPOSICIN 7HOM7HAT 7HERE NORMALMENTE TRASLADAN LA PREPOSICIN AL lNAL
%JEMPLOS
&ROM WHERE IS SHE
7HERE IS SHE FROM
!BOUT WHAT ARE THEY TALKING 7HAT ARE THEY TALKING ABOUT
7ITH WHOM WILL YOU GO
7HO WILL YOU GO WITH !L TRASLADAR LA PREPOSICIN WHOM VUELVE A SER WHO
%X !SK THE CORRESPONDING WH
QUESTION FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING ANSWERS
3USAN IS VERY THIN AND HAS GOT BLUE EYES
4HEY NEED TWENTY
lVE DOLLARS
!NN LIKES APPLES ORANGES AND PEARS
7E GO TO THE 3OUTH IN THE SUMMER
-R *ACKSON GETS UP AT EVERY MORNING
-Y FRIENDS COME FROM 3AN $IEGO #ALIFORNIA
*ACK VISITS HIS PARENTS TWICE A MONTH
4HE BOYS USUALLY TALK ABOUT FOOTBALL
4HE BOY SOMETIMES WEARS HIS FATHER|S SHOES
)T TAKES ME ABOUT MINUTES TO GET THERE
) GO THERE THREE TIMES A WEEK
"OB PLAYS GOLF WITH HIS BOSS ON 3UNDAY
-R *ENKINS WRITES ABOUT HIS TRIPS ROUND THE WORLD
4HEY LOOK AT THE STARS WITH THE TELESCOPE
7E TAKE PHOTOGRAPHS WITH A CAMERA
) LIKE -ARY BECAUSE SHE|S VERY FRIENDLY
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
-R 7ILLIAMSON USUALLY TRAVELS BY PLANE
!NN WRITES DETECTIVE STORIES
4HE STUDENTS GO TO THE GYM AFTER LUNCH
"OB GOES TO BED EARLY WHEN HE|S TIRED
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
" !24)#,%3 ))
%L ARTCULO DElNIDO 4(% SE USA PARA REFERIRSE A SUSTANTIVOS DETERMINADOS O ESPEClCOS Y SE USA CON SUSTANTIVOS
SINGULARES O PLURALES ES DECIR SE TRADUCE COMO EL LA LOS Y LAS %L ARTCULO INDElNIDO !!. SE USA CON SUSTANTIVOS
SINGULARES NO DETERMINADOS NI ESPEClCOS
%JEMPLOS
4HE SECRETARY WORKS IN THE LABORATORY EVERY DAY
4HE SECRETARIES WORK IN THE LABORATORY EVERY DAY
4HE BOOK WHICH ) WANT IS ON THE TABLE
4HE BOOKS WHICH ) WANT ARE ON THE TABLE
,EA Y COMPARE
) NEED A DICTIONARY .ECESITO UN DICCIONARIO GENERAL 4HAT IS A CAR %SE ES UN AUTO GENERAL
) NEED THE DICTIONARY WHICH IS ON THE SHELF .ECESITO EL DICCIONARIO QUE EST SOBRE LA REPISA ESPEClCO
4HAT IS THE CAR WHICH ) LIKE BEST %SE ES EL AUTO QUE ME GUSTA MS ESPEClCO
.O SE DEBE USAR NINGN ARTICULO CON LOS SUTANTIVOS INCONTABLES WATER MILK MONEY EXPERIENCE HAPPINESS ETC O
SUSTANTIVOS PLURALES BOOKS CATS STUDENTS PEOPLE MEN ETC CUANDO ESTAMOS RElRINDONOS A ELLOS EN FORMA GENERAL
0ERO S DEBEMOS USAR EL ARTICULO DElNIDO THE CUANDO NOS REFERIMOS A SUSTANTIVOS EN FORMA PARTICULAR O ESPEClCA
,EA Y COMPARE
'ENERAL
7ATER IS GOOD FOR THE HEALTH
'OLD IS AN IMPORTANT METAL
"OOKS ARE EXPENSIVE IN #HILE
'IRLS WORK HARDER THAN BOYS
%SPEClCO
4HE WATER IN THIS GLASS IS NOT CLEAN
4HE GOLD IN THIS RING IS OF GOOD QUALITY
4HE BOOKS ON THAT SHELF ARE VERY EXPENSIVE
4HE GIRLS IN THIS GROUP WORK VERY HARD
%X 3UPPLY THE DElNITE ARTICLE THE WHERE NECESSARY IN THE FOLLOWING
%XAMPLE ?????????? FRESH AIR IS GOOD FOR THE HEALTH &RESH AIR IS GOOD FOR THE HEALTH
???????????AIR IN THIS ROOM IS NOT GOOD
???????????HISTORY IS AN INTERESTING SUBJECT
7E ARE STUDYING ??????????????HISTORY OF &RANCE
7E HAVE ?????????????? GOOD LIGHT IN OUR CLASSROOM
???????????LIGHT IN THIS ROOM IS NOT GOOD
) ALWAYS DRINK ????????????????WATER WITH MY MEALS
???????????WATER IN THIS GLASS IS DIRTY
???????????LEATHER IN THESE SHOES IS VERY GOOD
7E GET ???????????????? LEATHER FROM THE SKINS OF ANIMALS
7E ALL NEED ???????????????FRESH AIR
???????????AIR IN LARGE CITIES IS NOT VERY FRESH
7E LIKE ????????? ANIMALS
???????????ANIMALS IN THAT PHOTOGRAPH ARE WILD ANIMALS
7E EAT ??????????????? MEAT ALMOST EVERY DAY
???????????lSH IN THE REFRIGERATOR IS FRESH
???????????CHILDREN LIKE TO WATCH CARTOONS
$O YOU SELL ???????????? STAMPS HERE
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
) LIKE COLLECTING ???????????????STAMPS AND ?????????????? COINS
???????????STAMPS AND ?????????????? COINS IN THIS COLLECTION ARE INTERESTING
-R*ONES HAS GOT ?????????????%NGLISH BOOKS AND MAGAZINES ???????????? MAGAZINES ARE VERY EASY TO READ
# 02/./-"2%3 2%,!4)6/3 7(/ 9 7()#(
#UANDO QUEREMOS ESPECIlCAR ACERCA DE QU PERSONA ANIMAL O COSA ESTAMOS HABLANDO DEBEMOS USAR LAS
PRONOMBRES RELATIVOS 7(/ O 7()#( !MBAS PALABRAS SE TRADUCEN EN ESPAOL CON LA PALABRA 15%
%N INGLS EL PRONOMBRE RELATIVO 7(/ SE USA CON LAS PERSONAS MIENTRAS QUE CON LOS ANIMALES Y LAS COSAS DEBEMOS
USAR 7()#(
,EA LOS SIGUIENTES EJEMPLOS
4HE MAN WHO IS TALKING WITH *OHN IS AN ENGINEER
4HE PEOPLE WHO ARE WAITING OUTSIDE THE THEATER WANT TO BUY TICKETS FOR THE CONCERT
4HIS IS THE BOOK WHICH WE USE IN CLASS
4HE DOG WHICH IS IN THE GARDEN IS A COCKER SPANIEL
.ORMALMENTE EL RELATIVO WHICH SE OMITE CUANDO PRECEDE A UN NOMBRE O PRONOMBRE
4HIS IS THE BOOK WHICH WE USE IN CLASS 4HIS IS THE BOOK WE USE IN CLASS
,AS FRASES WHO ISARE Y WHICH ISARE GENERALMENTE SE OMITEN EN ORACIONES COMO LAS QUE SE EXPRESAN A
CONTINUACIN
4HE BOOK WHICH IS ON THE DESK IS A BILINGUAL DICTIONARY ?
) DON|T KNOW THE MAN WHO IS IN -R 3MITH|S OFlCE ?
4HE WOMAN WHO IS CROSSING THE ROAD IS MY WIFE ?
4HE PLANE WHICH IS mYING OVER THE CITY IS A SPY PLANE ?
4HE WOMEN WHO ARE WEARING A WHITE UNIFORM ARE NURSES ?
4HE CARS WHICH ARE IMPORTED FROM *APAN ARE REALLY GOOD ?
4HE MEN WHO ARE TRAINED AT OUR SCHOOL ARE GOOD PILOTS ?
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4HE WOMAN CROSSING THE ROAD IS MY WIFE
4HE PLANE mYING OVER THE CITY IS A SPY PLANE
4HE WOMEN WEARING A WHITE UNIFORM ARE NURSES
4HE CARS IMPORTED FROM *APAN ARE REALLY GOOD
4HE MEN TRAINED AT OUR SCHOOL ARE GOOD PILOTS
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! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%X 4RANSLATE THE SENTENCES IN THE PREVIOUS EXERCISE INTO 3PANISH
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! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
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! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
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TRAJE DE BAO
TRAJE DE BAO
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CARDIGAN KRDIGAN
HANDKERCHIEF HNDKERTCHIF
STOCKINGS STKIZ
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GALOSHES GLOSHIZ
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! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
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%X
!FlRMATIVE
9OU WORK HERE EVERY DAY
"ILL WORKS HERE EVERY DAY
!NN WORKS HERE EVERY DAY
7E WORK HERE EVERY DAY
4HEY WORK HERE EVERY DAY
.EGATIVE
9OU DON|T WORK HERE
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7E WATCH 46 AFTER DINNER
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$O YOU WATCH 46
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$OES !NN WATCH 46
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9OU DON|T GO TO THE MOVIES
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7E DON|T GO TO THE MOVIES
4HEY DON|T GO TO THE MOVIES
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$OES !NN GO TO THE MOVIES
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!NN PLAYS TENNIS
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9OU DON|T PLAY TENNIS
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9OU STUDY %NGLISH EVERY DAY
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! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
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%X 4HE AIR (ISTORY THE HISTORY GOOD LIGHT 4HE LIGHT WATER 4HE WATER 4HE LEATHER LEATHER
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! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%X ,A NIA QUE EST CON L ES SU HERMANA %L LIBRO QUE QUIERO EST SOBRE LA MESA %L HOMBRE QUE EST
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4HE OFlCE OF -R 3MITH IS VERY LARGE
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4HAT IS THE ROOM OF THE TEACHERS
7HAT|S THE NAME OF THAT MAN
7HAT ARE THE NAMES OF THOSE MEN
4HIS IS *OHNS BOOK
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%X 3UBSTITUTE POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS FOR THE ITALICIZED WORDS
4HIS BOOK IS MY BOOK
4HIS ROOM IS HER ROOM
4HIS OFlCE IS *OHNS OFlCE
(E TOOK HIS BOOK AND LEFT MY BOOK
4HESE NEWSPAPERS ARE THEIR NEWSPAPERS
4HESE CIGARETTES ARE 0ETER|S CIGARETTES
4HAT NOTEBOOK IS (ELENS NOTEBOOK
4HIS NOTEBOOK IS MY NOTEBOOK
)S THIS PENCIL YOUR PENCIL
)S THIS COAT YOUR COAT OR HER COAT
4HESE SEATS ARE OUR SEATS
4HIS DESK IS THE TEACHERS DESK
4HIS BOOK IS MINE
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
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%X #OMPLETE THE FOLLOWING BY ADDING THE NECESSARY POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
) HAVE A DOG THE DOG IS MINE
*OHN HAS A DOG THE DOG IS ???????????????
(ELEN HAS A CAT THE CAT IS ???????????????
9OU HAVE A PEN THE PEN IS ???????????????
-R *ONES HAS A NEW CAR THE CAR IS ???????????????
-ARY HAS A NEW PEN THE PEN IS ???????????????
7E HAVE TWO %NGLISH BOOKS THE %NGLISH BOOKS ARE ???????????????
(ELEN AND -ARY HAVE TWO %NGLISH BOOKS THE %NGLISH BOOKS ARE ???????????????
) HAVE A DOG AND A CAT THE DOG AND THE CAT ARE ???????????????
9OU HAVE A DOG AND A CAT THE DOG AND THE CAT ARE ???????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
" 35"*%#4 02/./5.3 !.$ /"*%#4 02/./5.3
%STUDIE LA SIGUIENTE TABLA
3UBJECT 0RONOUNS
/BJECT 0RONOUNS
) AI
-E MI
9OU I
9OU I
(E HI
(IM HIM
3HE SHI
(ER HER
)T IT
)T IT
7E U
5S AZ
9OU I
9OU I
4HEY EI
4HEM EM
,OS 35"*%#4 02/./5.3 PRONOMBRES NOMINATIVOS REEMPLAZAN AL SUJETO DE UNA ORACIN ,OS /"*%#4 02/./5.3
PRONOMBRES COMPLEMENTARIOS REEMPLAZAN A UN DIRECT OBJECT COMPLEMENTO DIRECTO O A UN INDIRECT OBJECT COMPLEMENTO
INDIRECTO Y POR LO TANTO SIEMPRE VAN UBICADOS DESPUS DE UN VERBO PRINCIPAL O DE UNA PREPOSICIN
%8%2#)3%3
%X 3UBSTITUTE THE CORRECT PRONOUN FOR THE ITALICIZED WORD OR WORDS
*OHN LIKES -ARY
7ILLIAM STUDIES THE BOOK
3HE SPEAKS WITH *OHN
) UNDERSTAND THE TEACHER VERY WELL
4HE TEACHER LIKES -ARY AND 7ILLIAM
"OB STUDIES HIS BOOK EVERY DAY
*IM GOES WITH -ARY AND ME TO THE LESSON
) LIKE THIS SONG VERY MUCH
*AMES GOES WITH *OHN AND !LICE TO THE CLUB
0EDRO SPEAKS WITH (ELEN IN %NGLISH
) KNOW 7ILLIAM AND HIS WIFE VERY WELL
*ANET SENT THE INVITATIONS TO -ARY AND ME
4HEY ARE TALKING ABOUT THE ACCIDENT
)S THIS LETTER FOR -R *ONES OR FOR HIS WIFE
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
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???????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X !NSWER THESE QUESTIONS USING THE EXPRESSIONS OF TIME PROVIDED IN PARENTHESES 5SE OBJECT PRONOUNS
ME YOU HIM HER IT US THEM INSTEAD OF NAMES
7HEN DID YOU SEE 0ETER DAYS AGO
7HEN DID YOU BUY THE CAR YEARS AGO
7HEN DID HE VISIT -ARY LAST 3UNDAY AFTERNOON
7HEN DID SHE SEND THE LETTERS LAST -ONDAY
7HEN DID THEY WASH THE CAR WEEKS AGO
7HEN DID YOU VISIT YOUR PARENTS LAST WEEKEND
7HEN DID HE GET HIS DIPLOMA A LONG TIME AGO
7HEN DID SHE SPEND THE MONEY LAST SUMMER
7HEN DID YOU SPEAK TO 4OM YESTERDAY MORNING
7HEN DID HE INVITE YOU LAST MONTH
7HEN DID THEY EAT THE APPLES THIS MORNING
7HEN DID SHE MEET 2OBERT LAST &RIDAY MORNING
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
) SAW HIM DAYS AGO
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
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"!3)# 6/#!"5,!29 3TUDY THESE WORDS
02/&%33)/.3 !.$ /##50!4)/.3
ACTOR
ACTOR KTOR
ACTRIZ
ACTRESS KTRES
ARQUITECTO
ARCHITECT RKITEKT
ARTISTA
ARTIST RTIST
PANADERO
BAKER BIKER
BARBERO PELUQUERO
BARBER BRBER
CARNICERO
BUTCHER BTCHER
FARMACUTICO BOTICARIO
CHEMIST KMIST
CLERGYMAN KL|RDLLIMAN CLRIGO SACERDOTE
VENDEDOR
CLERK KL|RK
COCINERO
COOK KUK
CONDUCTOR KONDKTOR INSPECTOR TRENES
DOCTOR
DOCTOR DKTOR
DRESS
MAKER DRS MIKER MODISTA
CHOFER CONDUCTOR
DRIVER DRIVER
ELECTRICISTA
ELECTRICIAN ELEKTRSHN
INGENIERO
ENGINEER ENDLLINAR
GRANJERO
FARMER FRMER
BOMBERO
lRElGHTER FIARFITER
BOMBERO
lREMAN FIARMAN
mORISTA
mORIST mRIST
JARDINERO
GARDENER GRDNER
GREENGROCER GRINGRUSER VERDULERO
ALMACENERO
GROCER GRUSER
HAIR
DRESSER HAR DRESER PEINADORA
AZAFATA
HOSTESS HUSTES
CONSERJE
JANITOR DLLNITOR
JOYERO
JEWELLER DLLELER
PERIODISTA
JOURNALIST DLLRNALIST
JUEZ
JUDGE DLLDLL
LAWYER LYER
ABOGADO
MANAGER MNIDLLER
GERENTE
MECHANIC MEKNIK
MECNICO
NEWSAGENT NIUZIDLLENT
AGENTE DE DIARIOS
NEWSPAPER BOY NIUZPIPER BI SUPLEMENTERO
PAINTER PINTER
PINTOR
PHOTOGRAPHER FOTGRAFER
FOTGRAFO
PILOT PILOT
PILOTO
PLUMBER PLMER
PLOMERO GSlTER
POLICEMAN POLSMAN
POLICA
POSTMAN PUSTMAN
CARTERO
PRIEST PRIST
SACERDOTE CURA
RECEPTIONIST RISPSHONIST
RECEPCIONISTA
SALESMAN SILZMAN
VENDEDOR
SECRETARY SKRETRI
SECRETARIA
SHOE
MAKER SHUMIKER
ZAPATERO
SINGER SIGER
CANTANTE
STEWARD STIARD
SOBRECARGO
STEWARDESS STIARDES
AZAFATA
STUDENT STIDENT
ALUMNO
TAILOR TILOR
SASTRE
TECHNICIAN TEKNISHAN
TCNICO
TEACHER TITCHER
PROFESOR
TELEPHONIST TLIFONIST
TELEFONISTA
TOURIST GUIDE TRIST GID
GUA TURSTICO
VICAR VKAR
VICARIO CURA
WAITER WITER
GARZN
WAITRESS WITRES
GARZONA
WATCH
MAKER WOTCHMIKER
RELOJERO
WRITER RITER
ESCRITOR
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
+%9 4/ !.37%23
5.)4
0ART )
%X 3TUDY ,IST OF 2EGULAR AND )RRGULAR 6ERBS
%X 0ETER CAME HERE ) BOUGHT THE 4HEY WENT TO -ARY VISITED HER ) WROTE TO 4HEY ATE lSH
"OB WASHED THE 7E WATCHED 46 4HE POSTMAN BROUGHT A 7E HAD A 4HE BOY READ RED A
) GAVE THE 0ETER DROVE TO 7E ENJOYED OUR )T RAINED A LOT 4HEY RECEIVED A ) SLEPT WELL
&ATHER TOLD THE -OTHER MADE AN 4HEY SOLD LOTS OF
%X DIDN|T DID NOT 7E DIDN|T GO TO $ID WE GO TO (OW DID WE GO TO WORK 0ETER DIDN|T COME $ID
0ETER COME 7HEN DID 0ETER COME HERE ) DIDN|T WANT TO DRINK $ID ) WANT TO DRINK 7HAT DID ) WANT TO
DRINK 4HEY DIDN|T SEE THE $ID THEY SEE THE 7HAT DID THEY SEE *OHN DIDN|T SELL HIS $ID *OHN SELL HIS
(OW MUCH DID *OHN SELL HIS HOUSE FOR 4HEY DIDN|T BUY THE $ID THEY BUY THE 7HERE DID THEYBUY THE CAR
4HEY BOY DIDN|T DO THE $ID THE BOY DO THE (OW DID THE BOY DO THE EXERCISE 7E DIDN|T HAVE DINNER $ID
WE HAVE DINNER 7HERE DID WE HAVE DINNER 7E DIDN|T WRITE THE $ID WE WRITE THE 7HAT LANGUAGE DID WE
WRITE THE LETTER IN 4HEY DIDN|T STUDY $ID THEY STUDY 7HERE DID THEY STUDY %NGLISH
%X 7HERE DID HE GO YESTERDAY !T WHAT TIME DID THE CHILDREN GET UP 7HY DID HE GO TO THE DOCTOR 7HEN
DID 0ETER SEE THE lLM (OW DID THEY COME HERE 7HAT DID THE BOY WANT TO DO 7HY DIDN|T HE GO (OW LONG
DID THEY STAY IN 6ANCOUVER (OW MUCH MONEY DID "ILL SPEND (OW MANY TIMES DID "ILL DO THE SAME EXERCISE
%X OPEN ANSWERS ) WENT TO ) BEGAN TO STUDY %NGLISH AGO LAST IN )T TOOK ME ABOUT (E SHE
TOLD ME TO ) ATE 9ES ) DID ) WATCHED .O ) DIDN|T ) GOT UP AT
%X .O THEY DIDN|T WATCH 46 4HEY LISTENED TO THE RADIO .O (E DIDN|T GO OUT (E STAYED AT HOME .O )
DIDN|T EAT lSH ) ATE CHICKEN .O SHE DIDN|T SEND ME A FAX 3HE SENT ME A LETTER .O THEY DIDN|T WALK 4HEY TOOK
A BUS .O HE DIDN|T SAY hYESv (E SAID h.Ov .O ) DIDN|T READ IT IN %NGLISH ) READ IT IN &RENCH .O THEY DIDN|T
DRINK BEER 4HEY DRANK WINE .O HE DIDN|T WRITE A POEM (E WROTE A SHORT STORY .O SHE DIDN|T BUY A DRESS
3HE BOUGHT A JACKET .O ) DIDN|T SEE HER LAST WEEK ) SAW HER YESTERDAY .O HE DIDN|T HAVE LUNCH AT HOME
(E HAD LUNCH AT WORK .O HE DIDN|T FEEL WEEL (E FELT WEAK AND TIRED .O HE DIDN|T SPEAK TO ME IN ENGLISH
(E SPOKE TO ME IN &RENCH .O HE DIDN|T COME IN THE MORNING (E CAME AT MIDDAY .O ) DIDN|T mY !MERICAN )
mEW 5NITED !IRLINES .O ) DIDN|T GIVE HIM AN APPLE ) GAVE HIM SOME MONEY .O SHE DIDNT LEAVE EARLY 3HE LEFT
LATE .O SHE DIDN|T WEAR A SHORT SKIRT 3HE WORE A LONG ONE .O HE DIDN|T BREAK HIS ARM (E BROKE HIS LEG
0ART ))
%X 5NCLE 0AUL USED TO LIVE IN THAT HOUSE (E DOESN|T LIVE THERE NOW -ARY USED TO SPEAK )TALIAN AT HOME 3HE
DOESN|T SPEAK IT AT HOME ANYMORE !NN USED TO COME TO CLASS ON TIME EVERY DAY 3HE DOESN|T COME TO CLASS ON
TIME EVERY DAY NOW 0ETER USED TO BE A GOOD STUDENT (E NO LONGER IS A GOOD STUDENT ) USED TO RIDE THE SUBWAY
TO WORK ) DON|T RIDE IT TO WORK ANY LONGER "ILL USED TO BRING HER mOWERS EVERY &RIDAY (E DOESN|T BRING HER mOWERS ON
&RIDAY ANY MORE -OTHER USED TO PLAY THE PIANO WELL 3HE DOESN|T PLAY IT WELL NOW "ILL USED TO HELP ME WITH MY
HOMEWORK (E DOESN|T HELP ME WITH IT ANY LONGER *OHN +ERRY USED TO GO TO THAT SCHOOL (E DOESN|T GO TO THAT SCHOOL
NOW 7E USED TO EXPORT SHOES TO THE 53! 7E NO LONGER EXPORT SHOES TO THE 53!
0ART )))
!
%X MY HIS YOUR HER THEIR HIS HER OUR THEIR ITS HIS
%X 4HIS IS (ELEN|S PEN 4HE TEACHER|S DESK IS NEW 4HAT|S MY TEACHER|S HOME -Y SISTER|S FRIEND IS VERY SICK
-R 3MITH|S OFlCE IS VERY LARGE 4HIS IS 7ILLIAM|S NOTEBOOK (E|S (ELEN|S TEACHER (E|S ALSO MY FRIEND|S TEACHER
4HIS IS -R 3MITH|S WIFE -Y FRIENDS| HOUSE IS BEAUTIFUL 4HAT|S THE TEACHERS| ROOM 7HAT|S THAT MAN|S NAME
7HAT ARE THOSE MEN|S NAMES
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%X 4HIS ROOM IS HERS 4HIS OFlCE IS *OHN|S (E TOOK HIS BOOK AND LEFT MINE 4HESE NEWSPAPERS ARE THEIRS
4HESE CIGARETTES ARE 0ETER|S 4HAT NOTEBOOK IS (ELEN|S 4HIS NOTEBOOK IS MINE )S THIS PENCIL YOURS )S THIS
COAT YOURS OR HERS 4HESE SEATS ARE OURS 4HIS DESK IS THE TEACHER|S
%X MINE HIS HERS YOURS HIS HERS OURS THEIRS MINE YOURS
"
%X HER IT HIM HIM HER THEM IT US IT THEM HER THEM US IT HIM OR HER
%X ) BOUGHT IT YEARS AGO (E VISITED HER LAST 3UNDAY AFTERNOON 3HE SENT THEM LAST -ONDAY 4HEY WASHED
IT WEEKS AGO ) VISITED THEM LAST WEEKEND (E GOT IT A LONG TIME AGO 3HE SPENT IT LAST SUMMER ) SPOKE TO
HIM YESTERDAY MORNING (E INVITED ME LAST MONTH 4HEY ATE THEM THIS MORNING 3HE MET HIM LAST &RIDAY
MORNING
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
5.)4
0!24 %, 4)%-0/ 0!3!$/ #/.4).5/ / 02/'2%3)6/ 4(% 0!34 #/.4).5/53 4%.3%
%STE TIEMPO VERBAL SE USA PARA EXPRESAR UNA ACCIN QUE SE ESTABA REALIZANDO EN UN MOMENTO O EN UNA FECHA DETERMINADA
EN EL PASADO %N ESTE TIEMPO VERBAL SE DEBE USAR EL PASADO DEL VERBO 4O "E 7!3 WOZ O 7%2% WER MS EL
GERUNDIO DE UN VERBO PRINCIPAL ,AS EXPRESIONES DE TIEMPO QUE NORMALMENTE SE USAN CON EL PASADO CONTNUO SON
AQUELLAS QUE INDICAN UNA HORA EXACTA EN EL PASADO COMO AT O|CLOCK THIS MORNING AT TN OKLK IS MNI AT MIDDAY
LAST 3UNDAY AT MDDEI LST SNDI ETC
4AMBIN SON IMPORTANTES LAS EXPRESIONES COMPUESTAS POR 7HEN 35"*%#4 0AST 4ENSE COMO 7HEN ) GOT HOME
LAST NIGHT WEN AI GOT HUM LAST NIT
,EA ESCUCHE Y APRENDA
) WAS DRIVING TO THE AIRPORT AT O|CLOCK THIS MORNING AI WOZ DRIVI TU I ARPORT AT TEN OKLK IS MNI
9O IBA CONDUCIENDO AL AEROPUERTO A LAS DE ESTA MAANA
4HEY WERE PLAYING FOOTBALL AT MIDDAY LAST 3UNDAY I WER PLI FTBOL AT MDDEI LST SNDI
%LLOS ESTABAN JUGANDO FTBOL AL MEDIODA EL DOMINGO PASADO
(E WAS VISITING HIS PARENTS IN $ETROIT ON THE TH OF *UNE H WOZ VZITI HIZ PARENTS IN DITRIT ON E lF OV DLLN
%L ESTABA VISITANDO A SUS PADRES EN $ETROIT EL DE JUNIO
) WAS SLEEPING WHEN THE TELEPHONE RANG LAST NIGHT I WOZ SLPI WEN DE TLIFOUN R LAST NIT
9O ESTABA DURMIENDO CUANDO SON EL TELFONO ANOCHE
7E WERE HAVING LUNCH WHEN OUR FRIEND *ACK ARRIVED LAST 3UNDAY W WER HVI LANTCH WEN UER FRND DLLK ARRIVD LST SNDI
.OSOTROS ESTBAMOS ALMORZANDO CUANDO NUESTRO AMIGO *ACK LLEG EL $OMINGO PASADO
,A FORMA NEGATIVA SE EXPRESA USANDO LA PALABRA ./4 DESPUS DE WASWERE .ORMALMENTE SE USAN LAS CONTRACCIONES
7!3.|4 WZNT O 7%2%.|4 WRENT
,EA ESCUCHE Y APRENDA
) WAS NOT DRIVING TO THE AIRPORT AT O|CLOCK THIS MORNING AI WZNT DRIVI
4HEY WERE NOT PLAYING FOOTBALL AT MIDDAY LAST 3UNDAY DEI WRENT PLII
(E WASN|T VISITING HIS PARENTS IN $ETROIT ON THE TH OF *UNE HI WZNT VZITI
) WASN|T SLEEPING WHEN THE TELEPHONE RANG LAST NIGHT AI WZNT SLIPI
7E WEREN|T HAVING LUNCH WHEN OUR FRIEND *ACK ARRIVED LAST 3UNDAY WI WRENT HVI LNTCH
,A FORMA INTERROGATIVA SE EXPRESA MEDIANTE LA INVERSIN DEL ORDEN DEL SUJETO Y LOS VERBOS 7!37%2% O LAS
CONTRACCIONES 7!3.|47%2%.|4
,EA ESCUCHE Y APRENDA
7AS ) DRIVING TO THE AIRPORT AT O|CLOCK THIS MORNING WOZ I DRIVI
7ERE THEY PLAYING FOOTBALL AT MIDDAY LAST 3UNDAY WER I PLII
7ASN|T HE VISITING HIS PARENTS IN $ETROIT ON THE TH OF *UNE WZNT HI VZITI
7EREN|T YOU SLEEPING WHEN THE TELEPHONE RANG LAST NIGHT WRENT I SLPI
7ERE WE HAVING LUNCH WHEN OUR FRIEND *ACK ARRIVED LAST 3UNDAY WER W HVI LNTCH
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%N LAS PREGUNTAS INTRODUCIDAS CON PALABRAS INTERROGATIVAS COMO 7HAT 7HERE 7HY ETC SE DEBE MANTENER EL
MISMO ORDEN DE LAS INTERROGACIONES SIMPLES
,EA ESCUCHE Y APRENDA
7HAT WERE YOU READING WHEN THE TEACHER ENTERED THE ROOM WT WER I RDI
7HERE WERE THEY PLAYING FOOTBALL AT MIDDAY LAST 3UNDAY WAR WER EI PLII FTBOL
7HY WEREN|T THEY HAVING LUNCH WHEN *ACK ARRIVED WI WRNT EI HVI LNTCH
7HY WASN|T HE WORKING AT O|CLOCK THIS MORNING WI WZNT H WRKI
,A PREGUNTA MS FRECUENTE EN ESTE TIEMPO VERBAL ES
7HAT WERE YOU DOING WT WER I DI z1U ESTABA HACIENDO UD
%8%2#)3%3
%X #OMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING THE VERBS GIVEN IN PARENTHESES IN THE 0AST #ONTINUOUS
4ENSE
4HE SUN ????????????????????????? WHEN 0ETER GOT UP THIS MORNING SHINE
"ILL ?????????????????????????THE REPORT WHEN -R *ENKINS ENTERED THE ROOM READ
4HE STUDENTS ??????????????????????????? RUGBY WHEN IT BEGAN TO RAIN PLAY
7E ????????????????????????THE ROAD WHEN THE ACCIDENT HAPPENED CROSS
!T THAT TIME EVERYONE ?????????????????????????TO GO TO WORK GET READY
) ????????????????????????TO THE COAST WHEN THE CAR BROKE DOWN DRIVE
7E ????????????????????????NEAR THE RIVER THAT EVENING CAMP
!NN ????????????????????????IN 'ERMANY WHEN THE WAR BROKE OUT LIVE
7HEN WE GOT TO THE STATION THE TRAIN ???????????????????????? LEAVE
7E ????????????????????????WHEN THE LIGHTS WENT OUT LAST NIGHT HAVE DINNER
-RS "ROWN ???????????????????????????? THE SHOPPING WHEN SHE HAD THE ACCIDENT DO
-ARY AND *OHN ??????????????????????????????? IN THE PARK WHEN WE SAW THEM YESTERDAY WALK
%X #HANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO A NEGATIVE FORM AND B INTERROGATIVE FORM
3HE WAS HAVING A BATH
7E WERE RUNNING DOWN THE ROAD
4HE SOLDIERS WERE DOING EXERCISE
!LICE WAS MAKING THE BEDS
4HE CHILDREN WERE WATCHING 46
4HE MEN WERE GOING TO WORK
4HE BOYS WERE STUDYING FOR A TEST
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
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???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X !SK QUESTIONS USING QUESTION WORDS LIKE 7HO 7HERE 7HAT (OW ETC )N EACH CASE THE UNDERLINED
PART MUST BE THE ANSWER TO YOUR QUESTION
4HEY WERE WALKING IN THE PARK AT MIDDAY
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
-ARY WAS EATING A SANDWICH IN HER ROOM
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
0ETER WASN|T WORKING BECAUSE HE WAS ON VACATION ???????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE GENERALS WERE WORKING IN THE CONFERENCE ROOM ???????????????????????????????????????????????????
) WAS GETTING DRESSED WHEN YOU CALLED ME UP THIS MORNING ??????????????????????????????????????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
-RS 7HITE WAS LYING ON THE SOFA BECAUSE SHE WAS TIRED ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE SOLDIERS WERE JOGGING WHEN IT BEGAN TO RAIN
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
"OB WAS TAKING A SHOWER WHEN THE lRE STARTED
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
7HEN THE WAR BROKE OUT THEY WERE LIVING IN THE NORTH OF &RANCE ??????????????????????????????????????????
-ORE THAN TEN PEOPLE WERE STANDING OUTSIDE THE BUILDING ???????????????????????????????????????????????
%X 4RANSLATE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO %NGLISH
%LLOS ESTABAN JUGANDO BRIDGE A ESA HORA
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
9O NO ESTABA DURMIENDO CUANDO ELLOS LLEGARON
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
*UAN Y SUS AMIGOS ESTABAN MIRANDO 46 EN ESE MOMENTO ???????????????????????????????????????????????
#UANDO LLEGU TODOS ESTABAN CONVERSANDO
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
z1U ESTABA HACIENDO UD A ESA HORA
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
z0OR QU NO ESTABAN ELLOS TRABAJANDO ESE DA
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
z$NDE ESTABAN VIVIENDO TUS PADRES CUANDO SE CONOCIERON ????????????????????????????????????????????
z1U ESTABAS HACIENDO A ESTA HORA AYER
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
9O ESTABA ESCUCHANDO LAS NOTICIAS EN ESE MOMENTO ???????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X !NSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN %NGLISH 'IVE COMPLETE ANSWERS
7HAT WERE YOU DOING AT THIS TIME YESTERDAY
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
7HERE WERE YOU WORKING IN $ECEMBER LAST YEAR
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
7HERE WERE YOUR PARENTS LIVING WHEN THEY GOT MARRIED ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
7HAT WERE YOU DOING WHEN *ACK PHONED YOU LAST NIGHT ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X 2EVIEW &ILL IN THE BLANK SPACES USING THE VERBS PROVIDED IN THE APPROPRIATE VERB TENSE 9OU MUST USE
EITHER THE 0AST 3IMPLE OR THE 0AST #ONTINUOUS 4ENSES ONLY
) ??????????????????????????? VERY WELL LAST NIGHT SLEEP
) ??????????????????????????? SOUNDLY WHEN YOU ?????????????????????????????? LAST NIGHT SLEEPARRIVE
4HEY ??????????????????????? TO THE OFlCE WHEN ) ?????????????????????????? THEM THIS MORNING GOSEE
0ETER ??????????????????????? HIS WIFE ,YNDA WHEN HE ?????????????????????????? IN #HICAGO MEET LIVE
7E ???????????????????????? GOLF WHEN IT ?????????????????????????????? TO RAIN YESTERDAY PLAYBEGIN
"ILL ???????? NOT ????????????? IN THE OFlCE WHEN THE BOSS ???????????????????? INTO THE ROOM WORKWALK
7HEN *OHN ?????????????????????? US LAST NIGHT WE ???????????????????????????? CALL ONHAVE DINNER
0ETER ??????????????????????? THE ACCIDENT WHILE HE ??????????????????????????????? HOME HAVEDRIVE
7HAT ??????????????????????? YOU ?????????????????????????????????????? LAST 3ATURDAY AFTERNOON DO
7HAT ??????????????????????? YOU ???????????????????????????????????????? AT THIS TIME YESTERDAY DO
-R *OHNSON ?????????????????????? IN .EW 9ORK WHEN HE ????????????????????? CHAIRMAN OF THE COMPANY
WORKBECOME
(E ????????????????????????? THE NEWSPAPER WHILE HE ?????????????????????? THE BUS TO WORK READRIDE
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
0!24 ))
! 4(% )-0%2!4)6% &/2- ,! &/2-! )-0%2!4)6!
,A FORMA IMPERATIVA SE USA PARA DAR RDENES O PARA SOLICITAR SERVICIOS ,AS RDENES O SOLICITUDES SE EXPRESAN MEDIANTE EL
USO DEL ).&).)4)6/ SIN SUJETO EL PRONOMBRE YOU ESTA IMPLCITO EN LA ORDEN .ORMALMENTE SE USA LA PALABRA 0,%!3%
YA SEA AL INICIO O AL lNAL DE LA ORDEN O SOLICITUD
%SCUCHE LEA Y APRENDA
9OU #OME HERE KM HAR
9OU ,ISTEN TO ME LSN TU M
0LEASE YOU OPEN THE WINDOW PLIZ UPN E WNDOU
YOU 3PEAK MORE SLOWLY PLEASE SPK MR SLULI
6ENGA PARA AC
%SCCHAME
0OR FAVOR ABRA LA VENTANA
(ABLE MS LENTO POR FAVOR
0ARA EXPRESAR UNA ORDEN NEGATIVA SE DEBE USAR LA CONTRACCIN $/.|4 DUNT ANTES DEL INlNITIVO
%SCUCHE LEA Y APRENDA
$ON|T COME HERE
$ON|T LISTEN TO ME
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$ON|T SPEAK SO FAST PLEASE
.O VENGA PARA AC
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.O HABLE TAN RPIDO POR FAVOR SO SOU TAN
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%X #HANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO THE IMPERATIVE FORM !DD THE WORD 0,%!3% AT THE END OF YOUR
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9OU LOOK AT THE MAP
9OU DRINK MILK EVERY MORNING
9OU SPELL YOUR lRST NAME
9OU COME HERE TOMORROW MORNING
9OU CALL ME UP AFTER O|CLOCK
9OU HAVE ANOTHER CUP OF COFFEE
9OU EAT MORE SLOWLY
9OU lLL UP THE TANK
9OU STUDY HARD EVERY DAY
9OU WRITE YOUR ANSWER ON THE WHITEBOARD
9OU LISTEN TO THE STORY CAREFULLY
,OOK AT THE MAP PLEASE
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7ORK HARD PLEASE
7ORK SLOWLY PLEASE
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! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
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.O SE DEBE USAR NINGN ARTCULO DELANTE DE LOS NOMBRES DE PERSONAS CIUDADES ESTADOS PASES CONTINENTES MONTES
CALLES CUANDO ESTOS SON USADOS COMO NOMBRES PROPIOS 4AMPOCO SE DEBE ANTEPONER ARTCULO A LOS NOMBRES DE
PERSONAS CUANDO STOS VAN PRECEDIDOS DE TTULOS -R 3IR ,ADY -RS -S -ISS $R 0ROF 0RESIDENT 3ENATOR ETC O
GRADOS 'EN #PT 3GT ETC
%SCUCHE LEA Y APRENDA
7HEN DID THEY GO TO %UROPE
$ID YOU SEE -ARY THIS MORNING
4HEY LIVED IN .EW 9ORK #ITY FOR SEVERAL YEARS
(E LIVES ON &IFTH !VENUE
4HEY ARE COMING BACK FROM #HINA4HEY|VE CLIMBED -OUNT %VEREST
,ADY -ACBETH FAINTED WHEN SHE SAW THE BODY OF HER HUSBAND LYING ON THE mOOR
-R $E 0ONTI INVITED $R 7HITE TO A FAMOUS )TALIAN RESTAURANT THAT EVENING
0RESIDENT "USH AND 3ENATOR 0AYNE WILL MEET AT NEXT 4UESDAY
'EN *OHNSON ORDERED 3GT 3MITH TO SEND THE MESSAGE RIGHT AWAY
3IN EMBARGO SE DEBE USAR EL ARTCULO DElNIDO THE DELANTE DE LOS NOMBRES GEOGRlCOS ROS MARES CORDILLERAS VOLCANES
CANALES ETC Y TAMBIN DELANTE DE LOS NOMBRES DE PASES COMPUESTOS DE !DJ 3UST EXCEPTO CUANDO EL ADJETIVO ES
UN PUNTO CARDINAL .O SE USA THE DELANTE DE LOS NOMBRES DE CONTINENTES
%SCUCHE LEA Y APRENDA
4HE -ISSISSIPPI AND THE -ISSOURI RIVERS ARE IN #ENTRAL 5NITED 3TATES
4HE 0ACIlC /CEAN IS MUCH LARGER THAN THE !TLANTIC /CEAN
4HE 5NITED 3TATES AND 3OUTH +OREA WILL SIGN A NEW FREE TRADE AGREEMENT
4HEY ARE PLANNING TO SPEND A WEEK IN THE 7EST )NDIES
#UANDO LOS NOMBRES DE CIUDADES O PASES CUMPLEN LA FUNCIN DE ADJETIVOS ESTOS VAN PRECEDIDOS DEL ARTCULO DElNIDO
THE
%SCUCHE LEA Y COMPARE
.EW 9ORK IS A LARGE CITY
4HE .EW 9ORK #ITY SUBWAYS GO VERY FAST
ADJ
3ANTIAGO IS THE CAPITAL OF #HILE
4HE 3ANTIAGO NEWSPAPERS ARE NOT VERY EXPENSIVE
ADJ
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%X 3UPPLY THE DElNITE ARTICLE THE WHERE NECESSARY
7E PLAN TO SPEND OUR VACATION IN ?????????? -EXICO AND ?????????? .ORTH #AROLINA 7E PLAN TO SPEND OUR VACATION
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,ATER WE WANT TO VISIT ?????????? $OMINICAN 2EPUBLIC
?????????? (UDSON 2IVER LIES WEST OF ?????????? .EW 9ORK #ITY
?????????? 5NITED 3TATES ?????????? #HINA ?????????? 5NITED +INGDOM AND ?????????? 3OVIET 5NION WERE
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3OME SHIPS CAN CROSS ?????????? !TLANTIC /CEAN FROM ?????????? &RANCE TO ?????????? 5NITES 3TATES
9OU SHOULD TAKE A TRIP SOMETIME TO ?????????? 7EST )NDIES
?????????? 0ANAMA #ANAL JOINS ?????????? !TLANTIC AND ?????????? 0ACIlC /CEANS
4HE PRINCIPAL CITY OF ?????????? 'ERMANY IS ?????????? "ERLIN
(E SPENT SEVERAL WEEKS IN ?????????? )TALY AND SEVERAL WEEKS IN ?????????? 3PAIN
7E LIVE ON ?????????? -ADISON !VENUE NEAR ?????????? #ENTRAL 0ARK 3TATION
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
,OTS OF OIL TANKERS GO FROM ????????? 0ERSIAN 'ULF TO ????????? -EDITERRANEAN 3EA THROUGH ????????? 3UEZ #ANAL
4HEY LIVE ON ?????????? #LARK 3TREET IN ?????????? 3ALT ,AKE #ITY IN ?????????? 5TAH
%X &ILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE CORRECT ARTICLES WHERE NEEDED
(E LIVES IN ?????????? -EXICO (E LIVES IN -EXICO
?????????? -EXICAN CLIMATE IS WARM
7E WALKED ALONG ?????????? "ROADWAY
?????????? "ROADWAY BUSES ARE SLOW
?????????? .EW 9ORK CITY TRAFlC IS VERY SLOW
??????????,ONDON AND ?????????? 9ORK ARE BEAUTIFUL ?????????? %NGLISH CITIES
?????????? %NGLAND IS A SMALL COUNTRY
????????? %NGLISH LANGUAGE IS EASY
?????????? %UROPE IS A LARGE CONTINENT
3OME ?????????? %UROPEAN CITIES ARE VERY INTERESTING TO VISIT
?????????? ,ONDON 3CHOOL OF %CONOMICS IS VERY FAMOUS
# 4(% %8#,!-!4/29 &/2- ,! &/2-! %8#,!-!4)6!
,AS EXCLAMACIONES EN INGLS SE EXPRESAN DE LA SIGUIENTE MANERA %STUDIE EL SIGUIENTE DIAGRAMA
3TRUCTURE
7HAT AN ADJ SINGULAR NOUN 3 6
7HAT ADJ PLURAL NOUN 3 6
7HAT ADJ UNCOUNTABLE NOUN 3 6
(OW ADJ ADV 3 6
%XAMPLES
7HAT A BEAUTIFUL WOMAN SHE IS
7HAT AN INTERESTING BOOK YOU ARE READING
7HAT BEAUTIFUL EYES YOU HAVE
7HAT NICE PEOPLE WE MET AT THE PARTY
7HAT NICE MUSIC THIS IS
7HAT GOOD COFFEE THEY SERVED
7HAT TERRIBLE WEATHER WE ARE HAVING
(OW SILLY ) WAS
(OW FAST YOU|RE DRIVING 4OM
(OW EXPENSIVE THAT BOOK IS
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%X 3UPPLY 7(!4 OR 7(!4 !. IN THE FOLLOWING EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES
?????????????????????? GOOD IDEA
?????????????????????? BEAUTIFUL DAY
?????????????????????? PRETTY EYES SHE HAS
?????????????????????? STRANGE THING TO SAY
?????????????????????? EASY EXERCISE
?????????????????????? DIFlCULT LESSON
?????????????????????? FUNNY NAME TO GIVE A DOG
?????????????????????? GOOD WHISKY
?????????????????????? HAPPY CHILD
?????????????????????? HAPPY CHILDREN
?????????????????????? BEAUTIFUL MUSIC
?????????????????????? LARGE ROOM
?????????????????????? FOOLISH MISTAKE
?????????????????????? HOT DAY
?????????????????????? BEAUTIFUL WEATHER
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%X -AKE EXCLAMATIONS USING 7HAT AN 7HAT OR (OW AS IN THE EXAMPLE
0ETER IS A VERY TALL MAN
7HAT A TALL MAN 0ETER IS
(OW TALL 0ETER IS
*OHN IS A VERY INTELLIGENT PERSON
4HEY ARE VERY BEAUTIFUL WOMEN
4HIS IS A VERY INCREDIBLE STORY
) WAS A VERY STUPID PERSON
4HIS TRIP IS VERY INTERESTING
-R *OHNSON IS A VERY PLEASANT MAN
4HIS MUSIC IS VERY ROMANTIC
4HESE EXERCISES ARE VERY DIFlCULT
4HIS WHISKY IS VERY GOOD
4HESE PHOTOGRAPHS ARE VERY BEAUTIFUL
.EW 9ORK IS A FASCINATING CITY
-ARY IS A VERY FRIENDLY PERSON
4HESE SHOES ARE VERY EXPENSIVE
4HE MOVIE WAS VERY EXCITING
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%X 3UPPLY (/7 7(!4 OR 7(!4 !. IN THE FOLLOWING EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES
?????????????????????? PRETTY GIRL
?????????????????????? PRETTY SHE IS
?????????????????????? STRANGE REMARK TO MAKE
?????????????????????? WELL SHE SWIMS
?????????????????????? HOT IT IS TODAY
?????????????????????? HARD SENTENCES THESE ARE
?????????????????????? BEAUTIFUL EYES SHE HAS
?????????????????????? BEAUTIFULLY SHE SINGS
?????????????????????? FOOLISH THING TO SAY
????????????????????? HOT WEATHER WE ARE HAVING
????????????????????? HOT DAY IT IS TODAY
????????????????????? QUICKLY THE TIME PASSES
????????????????????? WELL SHE SPEAKS %NGLISH
????????????????????? EXCELLENT STUDENT HE IS
%X #HANGE THESE SENTENCES TO EXCLAMATORY FORM BY USING (/7 OR 7(!4 7(!4 !. AS INDICATED
3HE PLAYS THE PIANO WELL
3HE IS AN EXCELLENT PIANIST
)T IS A BEAUTIFUL DAY
(E RUNS VERY FAST
3HE PLAYS THE VIOLIN BEAUTIFULLY
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! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
)T IS VERY COLD TODAY
)T|S A COLD DAY TODAY
(E IS A VERY TALL MAN
)T WAS VERY COLD LAST NIGHT
3HE IS VERY PRETTY
(E IS A HANDSOME FELLOW
3HE IS WEARING A BEAUTIFUL DRESS
9OU HAVE A BEAUTIFUL NEW CAR
'RANDFATHER TOLD US A SAD STORY
7E WERE VERY TIRED AFTER THE WALK
)T WAS A VERY FAST TRAIN
!NN WAS A GENEROUS WOMAN
"OB ACTED VERY FOOLISHLY
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
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"!3)# 6/#!"5,!29 3TUDY THESE WORDS
4(% (/53%
A (OUSING HUSI
6IVIENDA
APARTMENT APARMENT
DEPARTAMENTO 53!
APARTMENT BUILDING APARMET BLDI EDIlCIO DE DPTOS53!
EDIlCIO DE DPTOS "2
BLOCK OF mATS BLOK OV mTS
BUNGALOW
BUNGALOW BGALOU
CONDOMINIO
CONDOMINIUM KONDOMNIUM
CASA DE CAMPO QUINTA
COTTAGE KTIDLL
DETACHED HOUSE DITTTCHT HUS CASA AISLADA
FARM HOUSE FRM HUS
CASA DE CAMPO
mAT mT
DEPARTAMENTO "2
HOUSE HUS
CASA
HUT HAT
CHOZA CABAA
SEMI
DETACHED HOUSE SMI CASA PAREADA
TERRACE HOUSE TRIS HUS
CASA EN lLA
VILLA VILA
CASA DE VERANEO
B 0ARTS OF THE (OUSE PARTS OV E HUS 0ARTES DE LA #ASA
CEILING SLI
DOOR DOR
mOOR mOR
FRONT DOOR FRNT DR
LANDING LNDI
CIELO RASO
PUERTA
PISO
PUERTA DE CALLE
DESCANSO DE ESCALERAS
ROOF RUF
STAIRCASE STAR KIS
WALL WOL
WINDOW WNDOU
TECHO
ESCALERAS
MURALLA
VENTANA
LAUNDRY ROOM LNDRIRUM
LIBRARY LIBREARI
LOUNGE LUNDLL
PANTRY PNTRI
SITTING ROOM STIRUM
STUDY STDI
TOILET TILET
LAVANDERA
BIBLIOTECA
SALON "R
DESPENSA
LIVING
ESTUDIO
BAO EXCUSADOWC
PORCELAIN PRSELEIN
RADIO SET RIDIOU SET
RUG RAG
SOFA SUFA
TABLE TIBL
TELEPHONE TLIFOUN
TELEVISION SET TLIVILLN SET
6#2 VI SI AR
PORCELANA
RADIO
ALFOMBRA 53!
SOF
MESA
TELFONO
TELEVISOR
VIDEO
GRABADORA
PILLOW CASE PLOU KIZ
PILLOW PLOU
PYJAMA PIDLLMAZ
SHEETS SHITS
SLIPPERS SLPERZ
WARDROBE WDRUB
FUNDA
ALMOHADA
PIJAMAS
SBANAS
ZAPATILLAS
ROPERO
MIXER MIKSER
NAPKIN NPKIN
MQUINA LICUADORA
SERVILLETA
C 2OOMS OF THE (OUSE RUMZ OV E HUS 0IEZAS DE LA #ASA
ATTIC TIK
BASEMENT BISMENT
BATHROOM BRUM
BEDROOM BDRUM
CELLAR SLAR
DINING
ROOM DINIRUM
KITCHEN KTCHIN
TICO
SUBTERRNEO
SALA DE BAO
DORMITORIO
BODEGAVINOS
COMEDOR
COCINA
D 4HE 3ITTING
ROOM E STIRUM %L ,IVING
ARM
CHAIR RM TCHAR
CARPET KPIT
#$ PLAYER S D PLIER
CHAIR TCHAR
CHINA TCHINA
CLOCK KLOK
CURTAINS KRTENZ
lREPLACE FAIARPLIS
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SILLN
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RELOJ DESPERTADOR
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CUBRECAMAS
BED SPREAD BDSPRED
FRAZADA
BLANKET BLKIT
CHEST OF DRAWERS TCHST OV DRERZ CMODA CAJONERA
BATA DE NOCHE
NIGHT GOWN NIT GOUN
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NIGHT TABLE NIT TIBL
F 4HE +ITCHEN E KTCHIN ,A #OCINA
BROOM BRM
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ESCOBA
ABRELATAS 53!
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
COOKERSTOVERANGE KKERSTUVRINDLL COCINA ARTEFACTO
COOKERY BOOK KKRI BUK
LIBRO DE RECETAS
CORKSCREW KORKSKR
SACACORCHOS
LOZA CORRIENTE
CROCKERY KRKERI
CUP KAP
TAZA
APARADOR
CUPBOARD KBORD
CUCHILLERA
CUTLERY KTLERI
LAVADORA DE VAJILLA
DISHWASHER DISHWSHER
SECADORA
DRIER DRIER
TENEDOR
FORK FORK
CONGELADORA
FREEZER FRZER
REFRIGERADOR
FRIDGE FRDLL
SARTN
FRYING PAN FRII PN
BASURERO 53!
GARBAGE CAN GRBIDLL KN
VASO
GLASS GLS
CRISTALERA
GLASSWARE GLSWEAR
TETERA
KETTLE KTL
CUCHILLO S
KNIFEKNIVES NIF NIVZ
MICROWAVE OVEN MIKROUWEIV VN HORNO MICRO ONDAS
G 4HE "ATHROOM E BRUM ,A 3ALA DE "AO
BATH TUB B TAB
COLD WATER TAP KULD WTER TP
COMB KUM
ELECTRIC SHAVER ILKTRIK SHIVER
FAUCET FSET
HAIR BRUSH HAR BRASH
HAIR DRYER HAR DRIER
HOT WATER TAP HOT WTER TP
LOTION LUSHN
MIRROR MROR
SAFETY RAZOR SIFTI RIZOR
TINA DE BAO
LLAVE DE AGUA FRIA
PEINETA
AFEITADORA
LLAVE DEL AGUA 53!
CEPILLO DE PELO
SECADOR DE PELO
LLAVE DE AGUA CALIENTE
LOCIN
ESPEJO
MQUINA DE AFEITAR
OVEN VN
HORNO
PAN PN
OLLA
PLATE PLIT
PLATO
POT POT
CACEROLA
REFRIGERATOR REFRIDLLERITOR
REFRIGERADOR
RUBBISH BIN RBISH BIN
BASURERO "2
SAUCER SSER
PLATILLO
SILVERWARE SLVERWAR
PLATERA
SINK SIK
LAVAPLATOS
SPOON SPN
CUCHARA
TEA POT T POT
TETERA PARA EL T
TEASPOON TSPUN
CUCHARA DE T
TIN OPENER TIN UPENER
ABRELATAS "2
TOASTER TUSTER
TOSTADORA
TRASH CAN TRSH KN
BASURERO 53!
TRAY TREI
BANDEJA
VACUUM CLEANER VKIUM KLNER ASPIRADORA
WALL CLOCK WL KLK
RELOJ DE PARED
WASHING MACHINE WSHI MASHN LAVADORA DE ROPA
SHAVING BRUSH SHIVIBRASH
SHAVING CREAM SHIVI KRM
SHOWER SHUER
SHOWER CAP SHUER KP
SOAP DISH SUP DISH
TAP TP
TOOTH BRUSH TBRASH
TOOTH PASTE TPIST
TOWEL RACK TUEL RK
TOWEL TUEL
WASH BASIN WOSHBIZIN
HISOPO
CREMA DE AFEITAR
DUCHA
GORRA DE BAO
JABONERA
LLAVE DEL AGUA "R
CEPILLO DE DIENTES
PASTA DENTAL
PAERA
TOALLA
LAVAMANOS
REPISA PARA LIBROS
LIBRERO
SILLA
COMPUTADOR
ESCRITORIO
LMPARA DE ESCRITORIO
MQUINA FAX
ARCHIVADOR
ARCHIVO
LAPTOP LP TOP
NOTEBOOK NUTBUK
NOTE
PAD NUTPD
PRINTER PRNTER
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SCANNER SKNER
STAPLER STIPLER
TELEPHONE TLIFOUN
TYPEWRITER TIPRITER
0# PORTTIL 53
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H 4HE 3TUDIO E STDIOU ,A 3ALA DE %STUDIO
BOOK SHELF BUK SHELF
BOOKCASE BUK KIS
CHAIR TCHEAR
COMPUTER KOMPITER
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lLE FAIL
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! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
5.)4
+EY TO ANSWERS
0!24 )
%X WAS SHINING WAS READING WERE PLAYING WERE CROSSING WAS GETTING READY WAS DRIVING WERE CAMPING
WAS LIVING WAS LEAVING WERE HAVING DINNER WAS DOING WERE WALKING
%X 3HE WASN|T HAVING 7AS SHE HAVING 7E WEREN|T RUNNING 7ERE WE RUNNING 4HE SOLDIERS WEREN|T
DOING 7ERE THE SOLDIERS DOING !LICE WASN|T MAKING 7AS !LICE MAKING 4HE CHILDREN WEREN|T WATCHING
7ERE THE CHILDREN WATCHING 4HE MEN WEREN|T GOING WERE THE MEN GOING 4HE BOYS WEREN|T STUDYING
7ERE THE BOYS STUDYING
%X 7HAT WERE THEY DOING IN THE PARK AT MIDDAY 7HAT WAS -ARY EATING IN HER ROOM 7HY WASN|T 0ETER WORKING
7HERE WERE THE GENERALS WORKING 7HAT WERE YOU DOING WHEN ) CALLED YOU UP THIS MORNING 7HY WAS -RS
7HITE LYING ON THE SOFA 7HAT WERE THE SOLDIERS DOING WHEN IT BEGAN TO RAIN 7HAT WAS "OB DOING WHEN THE lRE
STARTED 7HERE WERE THEY LIVING WHEN THE WAR BROKE OUT (OW MANY PEOPLE WERE STANDING OUTSIDE THE BUILDING
%X 4HEY WERE PLAYING BRIDGE AT THAT TIME ) WASN|T SLEEPING WHEN THEY ARRIVED *OHN AND HIS FRIENDS WERE
WATCHING 46 AT THAT MOMENT 7HEN ) ARRIVED EVERYONE WAS TALKING 7HAT WERE YOU DOING AT THAT TIME 7HY
WEREN|T THEY WORKING THAT DAY 7HERE WERE YOUR PARENTS LIVING WHEN THEY MET 7HAT WERE YOU DOING AT THIS TIME
YESTERDAY ) WAS LISTENING TO THE NEWS AT THAT MOMENT
%X /PEN ANSWERS ) WAS AT THIS TIME YESTERDAY ) WAS WORKING IN $ECEMBER LAST YEAR 4HEY WERE LIVING
IN WHEN THEY GOT MARRIED THEN ) WAS WHEN HE PHONED ME LAST NIGHT
%X SLEPT WAS SLEEPING ARRIVED WERE GOING SAW MET WAS LIVING WERE PLAYING BEGAN
WAS
WORKING WALKED CALLED ON WERE HAVING DINNER HAD WAS DRIVING DID
DO WERE
DOING WAS
WORKING BECAME READ WAS RIDING
0!24 ))
!
%X $RINK MILK EVERY MORNING PLEASE 3PELL YOUR lRST NAME PLEASE #OME HERE TOMORROW MORNING PLEASE #ALL
ME UP AFTER O|CLOCK PLEASE (AVE ANOTHER CUP OF COFFEE PLEASE %AT MORE SLOWLY PLEASE &ILL UP THE TANK PLEASE
3TUDY HARD EVERY DAY PLEASE 7RITE YOUR ANSWER ON THE WHITEBOARD PLEASE ,ISTEN TO THE STORY CAREFULLY PLEASE
%X $ON|T EAT MY BREAD AND BUTTER PLEASE $ON|T WORK SO HARD PLEASE $ON|T WORK SO SLOWLY PLEASE $ON|T
LISTEN TO HIM PLEASE $ON|T COME AGAIN THIS AFTERNOON PLEASE $ON|T DRIVE SO FAST PLEASE $ON|T DRINK BLACK COFFEE
PLEASE $ON|T TAKE A TAXI PLEASE $ON|T SAY THAT AGAIN PLEASE $ON|T GIVE -ARY MY NEW ADDRESS PLEASE
"
%X THE $OMINICAN 2EPUBLIC 4HE (UDSON 2IVER .EW 9ORK #ITY 4HE 5NITED 3TATES #HINA THE 5NITED +INGDOM
AND THE 3OVIET 5NION 4HE !TLANTIC /CEAN&RANCE THE 5NITED 3TATES 4HE 7EST )NDIES 4HE 0ANAMA #ANALTHE
!TLANTIC AND THE 0ACIlC OCEANS 'ERMANY"ERLIN )TALY 3PAIN -ADISON !VENUE #ENTRAL 0ARK 3TATION
THE 0ERSIAN 'ULFTHE -EDITERRANEAN 3EA THE 3UEZ #ANAL #LARK 3TREET 3ALT ,AKE #ITY5TAH
%X 4HE -EXICAN CLIMATE "ROADWAY 4HE "ROADWAY BUSES 4HE .EW 9ORK #ITY TRAFlC ,ONDON
9ORK%NGLISH CITIES %NGLAND 4HE %NGLISH LANGUAGE %UROPE %UROPEAN CITIES 4HE ,ONDON 3CHOOL
OF %CONOMICS
#
%X 7HAT A 7HAT A 7HAT 7HAT A 7HAT AN 7HAT A 7HAT A 7HAT 7HAT A
7HAT 7HAT 7HAT A 7HAT A 7HAT A 7HAT
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%X 7HAT AN INTELLIGENT PERSON *OHN IS (OW INTELLIGENT *OHN IS 7HAT BEAUTIFUL WOMEN THEY ARE (OW BEAUTIFUL
THEY ARE (OW BEAUTIFUL THOSE WOMEN ARE 7HAT AN INCREDIBLE STORY THIS IS (OW INCREDIBLE THIS STORY IS 7HAT A
STUPID PERSON ) WAS (OW STUPID ) WAS 7HAT AN INTERESTING TRIP THIS IS (OW INTERESTING THIS TRIP IS 7HAT A PLEASANT
MAN -R *OHNSON IS (OW PLEASANT -R *OHNSON IS 7HAT ROMANTIC MUSIC THIS IS (OW ROMANTIC THIS MUSIC IS
7HAT DIFlCULT EXERCISES THESE ARE (OW DIFlCULT THESE EXERCISES ARE 7HAT GOOD WHISKY THIS IS (OW GOOD THIS WHISKY
IS 7HAT BEAUTIFUL PHOTOGRAPHS THESE ARE (OW BEAUTIFUL THESE PHOTOGRAPHS ARE 7HAT A FASCINATING CITY .EW
9ORK IS (OW FASCINATING .EW 9ORK IS 7HAT A FRIENDLY PERSON -ARY IS (OW FRIENDLY -ARY IS 7HAT EXPENSIVE
SHOES THESE ARE (OW EXPENSIVE THESE SHOES ARE 7HAT AN EXCITING MOVIE IT WAS (OW EXCITING THE MOVIE WAS
%X 7HAT A (OW 7HAT A (OW (OW 7HAT 7HAT (OW 7HAT A 7HAT
7HAT A (OW (OW 7HAT AN
%X (OW WELL SHE PLAYS THE PIANO 7HAT AN EXCELLENT PIANIST SHE IS 7HAT A BEAUTIFUL DAY IT IS TODAY (OW
FAST SHE RUNS (OW BEAUTIFULLY SHE PLAYS THE VIOLIN (OW COLD IT IS TODAY 7HAT A COLD DAY IT IS TODAY 7HAT A TALL
MAN HE IS (OW COLD IT WAS LAST NIGHT (OW PRETTY SHE IS 7HAT A HANDSOME FELLOW HE IS 7HAT A BEAUTIFUL
DRESS SHE IS WEARING 7HAT A BEAUTIFUL NEW CAR YOU HAVE 7HAT A SAD STORY GRANDFATHER TOLD US (OW TIRE WE
WERE AFTER THE WALK 7HAT A FAST TRAIN IT WAS 7HAT A GENEROUS WOMAN !NN WAS (OW FOOLISHLY "OB ACTED
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
5.)4
0!24 %, 4)%-0/ &5452/ 3)-0,% 4(% 3)-0,% &5452% 4%.3%
%STE TIEMPO VERBAL SE USA PARA REFERIRSE A ACCIONES QUE OCURRIRN EN EL FUTURO ,AS EXPRESIONES DE TIEMPO FRECUENTES EN
ESTE TIEMPO VERBAL SON TOMORROW TUMROU MAANA THE DAY AFTER TOMORROW E DI FTER TUMROU PASADO MAANA NEXT
WEEK NKST WK LA PRXIMA SEMANA NEXT MONTH NKST MAN EL PRXIMO MES NEXT YEAR NEKST YAR EL PRXIMO AO IN THREE
MONTHS IN R MNS DENTRO DE TRES MESES BY THE END OF THIS YEAR BAI I ND OV IS YAR HACIA lNES DE ESTE AO ETC
%L &UTURO 3IMPLE SE PUEDE EXPRESAR DE TRES MANERAS SEGN LA IDEA QUE SE DESEE TRANSMITIR
35"*%#4 7),, ).&).)4)6% PARA REFERIRSE A DECISIONES PROMESAS O DETERMINACIONES
0ETER WILL COME TO #HILE NEXT MONTH PTER WIL KM TU TCHILE NEKST MN 0ETER VENDR A #HILE EL PRXIMO MES
35"*%#4 !- )3 !2% '/).' 4/ ).&).)4)6% PARA REFERIRSE A PLANES INTENCIONES O SUCESOS QUE
EVIDENTEMENTE O MUY PROBABLEMENTE OCURRIRN
0ETER IS GOING TO COME TO #HILE NEXT MONTH PTER IZ GUI TU KM TU TCHLE NKST MAN 0ETER VA A VENIR A #HILE EL PRXIMO
MES
35"*%#4 !- )3 !2% ).' 0RESENT #ONTINUOUS PARA REFERIRSE A ACTIVIDADES AGENDADAS ACORDADAS O
PREVISTAS CON ANTELACIN
0ETER IS COMING TO #HILE NEXT MONTH PTER IZ KMI TU TCHLE NEKST MN 0ETER VIENE TIENE PREVISTO VENIR A #HILE EL
PRXIMO MES
%, &5452/ 3)-0,% #/. 7),,
%STA CONSTRUCCIN GENERALMENTE SE USA PARA EXPRESAR EL &UTURO 3IMPLE Y SUGIERE LA IDEA DE DECISIN PROMESA O
DETERMINACIN %N LA CONVERSACIN DIARIA 7),, FORMA LA CONTRACCIN |,,
,EA ESCUCHE Y APRENDA
4HEY WILL VISIT US NEXT WEEK
END I WIL VZIT AS NKST WKND %LLOS NOS VISITARN EL PROXIMO lN DE SEMANA
-ARY|LL COME TO WORK TOMORROW MRIL KM TU WRK TUMROU -ARY VENDR A TRABAJAR MAANA
)|LL BE AT HOME ALL DAY NEXT 3UNDAY IL B AT HUN L DEI NEKST SNDI %STAR EN CASA TODO EL DA EL PRX $GO
%N LA FORMA NEGATIVA SE USA LA PALABRA ./4 ENTRE EL VERBO MODAL 7),, Y EL )NlNITIVO %N LA CONVERSACIN DIARIA SE
PRElERE USAR LA CONTRACCIN 7/.|4 WUNT
,EA ESCUCHE Y APRENDA
4HEY WILL NOT VISIT US NEXT WEEKEND 4HEY WON|T VISIT US NEXT WEEKEND EI WUNT VZIT AS NKST WKND
-ARY WILL NOT COME TO WORK TOMORROW -ARY WON|T COME TO WORK TOMORROW MRI WUNT KM 4U WRK TUMROU
) WILL NOT BE AT HOME ALL DAY NEXT 3UNDAY ) WON|T BE AT HOME AI WUNT B AT HUM L DEI NKST SNDI
%N LA INTERROGACIN SE DEBE ANTEPONER EL VERBO MODAL 7),, O LA CONTRACCIN 7/.4 AL SUJETO 3I SE DESEA FORMULAR
UNA PREGUNTA INTRODUCIDA POR 7HAT 7HEN 7HERE ETC SE DEBE MANTENER EL MISMO ORDEN DE PALABRAS USADO EN LAS
PREGUNTAS SIMPLES
,EA ESCUCHE Y APRENDA
7ILL THEY VISIT US NEXT WEEK
END WIL EI VZIT 7ON|T THEY VISIT US NEXT WEEK
END WUNT EI VZIT
7ILL -ARY COME TO WORK TOMORROW WIL MRI KM 7ON|T -ARY COME TO WORK WUNT MRI KM
7ILL YOU BE AT HOME ALL DAY NEXT 3UNDAY WIL IU B AT HUM OL DI NEKST SNDI
7HEN WILL THEY VISIT US WN WIL EI VZIT S
7HY WON|T -ARY COME TO WORK TOMORROW WI WUNT MRI KM TU WRK TUMROU
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
,A PREGUNTA HABITUAL CON ESTA CONSTRUCCIN VERBAL ES
7HAT WILL YOU DO WT WIL IU D
z1U HAR UD
%8%2#)3%3
%X 5SE THE VERBS GIVEN IN PARENTHESES IN THE FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE USING 7),,
4HE SOLDIERS ???????????????????????? TO THE TOP OF THAT HILL TOMORROW MARCH
) ???????????????????????? YOU A POST CARD FROM 7ASHINGTON $# SEND
-Y LITTLE BROTHER ???????????????????????? A HARD TEST NEXT -ONDAY HAVE
-R *ACKSON ???????????????????????? HIS OLD CAR SELL
4HE INSTRUCTOR ???????????????????????? THE OVERHEAD PROJECTOR USE
4HE GARDENER ???????????????????????? A DEEP HOLE IN THE GROUND TO PLANT THE TREE DIG
.!3! ???????????????????????? A SPACE SHIP TO -ARS NEXT WEEK LAUNCH
0ROFESSOR ,EE???????????????????????? A CONFERENCE IN 0ARIS NEXT MONTH ATTEND
) ???????????????????????? BUSY ALL DAY TOMORROW BE
7E ???????????????????????? A NEW HOUSE SOON BUY
-R *ACKSON ???????????????????????? A LIMOUSINE TO TAKE HIS GUESTS TO THE AIRPORT HIRE
4HE 3MITHS ???????????????????????? TO A NEW HOUSE IN THE 3PRING MOVE
%X #HANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO A NEGATIVE AND B INTERROGATIVE
-ARY WILL GO OUT THIS EVENING
9OU WILL SEND THEM A FAX
4HE TRAIN WILL ARRIVE SOON
*OHN WILL ACCEPT THE OFFER
4HEY|LL GET MARRIED IN -AY
-R 3MITH WILL SEE YOU TOMORROW
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X !SK QUESTIONS USING QUESTION WORDS LIKE 7HEN 7HERE 7HAT (OW (OW LONG ETC )N EACH CASE THE
UNDERLINED PART OF THE SENTENCE MUST BE THE ANSWER FOR THE QUESTION ASKED
4HEY|LL GO TO THE NORTH IN THE SUMMER
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
*OHN WILL GIVE THE ANSWER NEXT WEEK
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
"OB WILL SELL THE CAR BECAUSE IT|S OLD
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE SOLDIERS WILL WAIT THERE UNTIL DAWN
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
-R 3MITH WILL SEND THEM ANOTHER CATALOG
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
3UE WILL NOT BUY THE DRESS BECAUSE IT|S TOO EXPENSIVE ???????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HEY|LL STAY IN 4ORONTO FOR THREE DAYS
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
7E|LL WAIT FOR YOU IN THE CAFETERIA
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HEY|LL NEED lVE VOLUNTEERS
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HEY|LL TALK ABOUT MANY THINGS TOMORROW
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
0!24 ))
! 53% /& 3!9 !.$ 4%,,
,OS VERBOS 3!9 Y 4%,, TIENEN EL MISMO SIGNIlCADO $%#)2 PERO DIlEREN EN CUANTO A SU USO
%L VERBO 3!9 SE USA EN LOS SIGUIENTES CASOS
!NTES O DESPUS DE UNA CITA TEXTUAL
*OHN SAID TO (ELEN h) LOVE YOU (ELENv
-ARY SAID h) AM VERY TIRED AFTER THE LONG WALKv
-R *ACKSON SAID TO HIS STUDENTS h0LEASE SIT DOWN AND LOOK AT THE MAPv
h) LOVE YOU VERY MUCHv HE SAID
h) AM VERY TIRED AFTER THE LONG WALKv SAID -ARY
!NTES DE LA CONJUNCIN THAT
*OHN SAID THAT HE LOVED (ELEN
-ARY SAID THAT SHE WAS VERY TIRED AFTER THE LONG WALK
%N POSICIN lNAL
) DIDN|T UNDERSTAND WHAT SHE SAID
3ORRY WHAT DID YOU SAY
7HAT ARE YOU GOING TO SAY
%L VERBO 4%,, SE USA CUANDO SE MENCIONA AL INTERLOCUTOR ES DECIR LA PERSONA A QUIEN SE LE HABL
*OHN TOLD (ELEN THAT HE LOVED HER
-ARY TOLD ME THAT SHE WAS VERY TIRED AFTER THE LONG WALK
-R *ACKSON TOLD HIS STUDENTS TO SIT DOWN AND LOOK AT THE MAP
9OU 4ELL -ARY THAT ) WANT TO SPEAK WITH HER PLEASE
%8%2#)3%3
%X &ILL IN THE BLANKS WITH 3!9 OR 4%,,
*OHN ???????????????????????? THAT HE IS VERY BUSY AT THE MOMENT
9ESTERDAY ) ???????????????????????? MY TEACHER THAT ) LIKED MY LESSONS
*OHN ???????????????????????? YESTERDAY h)|M GOING TO PHONE YOU AS SOON AS ) GET HOMEv
9ESTERDAY -R *ACKSON ???????????????????????? US ALL ABOUT HIS TRIP TO .EPAL
4HE BOY ???????????????????????? THAT HE LIKES GEOGRAPHY VERY MUCH
-ARY ???????????????????????? HER TEACHER THAT HER MOTHER WAS SICK
-ISS "ROWN ???????????????????????? THAT SHE LOVES SPRING
h) WILL BE BACK AT ABOUT v ???????????????????????? -R *ONES BEFORE LEAVING THE HOUSE
h4HIS BOOK IS VERY INTERESTING h SHE ????????????????????????
"OB ???????????????????????? THAT HE DOESN|T LIKE HOT WEATHER
#AN YOU ???????????????????????? ME WHERE THE OFlCE IS PLEASE
0LEASE ???????????????????????? *OHN THAT )|LL SEND HIM THE MONEY TOMORROW
9ESTERDAY *OHN ???????????????????????? HIS FRIENDS THAT HE WAS PLANNING TO GET MARRIED
$ID YOU HEAR WHAT SHE ????????????????????????
%X #HANGE 3!9 TO 4%,, 4HEN MAKE WHATEVER OTHER CHANGES ARE NECESSARY
3HE SAID TO ME THAT SHE WAS SICK
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
-R 3MITH SAID TO 0ETER THAT HE WAS TOO BUSY TO GO WITH US
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
*OHN SAID TO HIS FRIENDS THAT HE COULD NOT GO WITH THEM TO THE PARK
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
!NN SAID TO THE OFlCER THAT SHE DID NOT SPEAK &RENCH
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7ILLIAM SAID TO THE DOCTOR THAT HE HAD A TERRIBLE HEADACHE
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
(ELEN SAID TO THE TRAVEL AGENT THAT SHE WAS TRAVELLING ALONE
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE BOY SAID TO US THAT HE LIKED TO SWIM IN THE RIVER
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE TEACHER SAID TO 0AUL|S PARENTS THAT 0AUL WAS A GOOD STUDENT
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE MAN SAYS TO ME THAT HE WANTS TO SEE THE MANAGER IMMEDIATELY
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X #HANGE 4%,, TO 3!94HEN MAKE WHATEVER OTHER CHANGES ARE NECESSARY
"OB TOLD ME THAT HE COULD SPEAK &RENCH WELL
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
) TOLD MY GIRLFRIEND THAT ) WANTED TO GO FOR A WALK IN THE PARK
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE TEACHER TOLD *OHN THAT OUR COMPOSITIONS WERE VERY GOOD
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
-R 3MITH TOLD HIS FRIENDS THAT HE KNEW HOW TO PLAY TENNIS
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
) TOLD -R 3MITH THAT ) KNEW HOW TO PLAY TOO
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
*OHN TOLD THE POLICE OFlCER THAT HE LIVED NEAR THE CHURCH
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE BOY TELLS ME THAT HE WANTS TO DRINK SOME WATER
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E TELLS ME THAT SHE DOESN|T WANT TO PARTICIPATE IN THE GAME
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
" 2%,!4)6% 02/./5.3 7(/ 7(/- 7(/3%
(ABAMOS VISTO QUE LA PALABRA 7(/ SIGNIlCA zQUIN 9 QUE ADEMS ES UN PRONOMBRE RELATIVO Y QUE SE DEBE TRADUCIR
CON LA PALABRA 15% PARA ESPECIlCAR ACERCA DE QUIN ESTAMOS HABLANDO 2EVISAR EL USO DE LOS PRONOMBRES RELATIVOS
WHO Y WHICH EN "%'3 6/# 5NIT
7HO IS THAT MAN
4HE MAN WHO IS IN THE CAR IS A POLICEMAN
4HE CAR WHICH IS OUTSIDE IS A POLICE CAR
,A PALABRA 7(/ SE TRANFORMA EN 7(/- HUM DESPUS DE LAS PREPOSICIONES Y CUANDO ACTA COMO COMPLEMENTO
DIRECTO DE UN VERBO Y POR LO TANTO VA SEGUIDO DE UN PRONOMBRE O UN NOMBRE
7ITH WHOM WILL YOU GO TO THE PARTY 7HO WILL YOU GO TO THE PARTY WITH
) MET A MAN IN THE STREET 4HE MAN WHOM ) MET WAS *OHN|S FATHER
*IM WAS TALKING ABOUT A WOMAN 4HE WOMAN ABOUT WHOM *IM WAS TALKING WAS HIS WIFE
,A PALABRA 7(/3% HUZ POSESIVO DE WHO SE PUEDE TRADUCIR COMO zDE QUIN EN INTERROGACIONES PERO TAMBIN ES
EL PRONOMBRE RELATIVO CUYOS CUYAS
A 7HOSE z$E QUIN
7HOSE IS THIS HAT O 7HOSE HAT IS THIS EL SUSTANTIVO HAT PUEDE IR AL lNAL O JUNTO A WHOSE
7HOSE ARE THESE CIGARETTES 7HOSE CIGARETTES ARE THESE EL SUSTANTIVO HAT PUEDE IR AL lNAL O JUNTO A WHOSE
7HOSE IS THAT YELLOW SWEATER AQU EL SUSTANTIVO EST MODIlCADO POR UN ADJETIVO
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
7HOSE IS THAT BOOK ON THE DESK AQU EL SUSTANTIVO VA SEGUIDO DE UNA FRASE ADJETIVA
B WHOSE CUYOS CUYAS
! MAN WANTS TO SEE YOU -R #LARK (IS DAUGHTER CALLED YOU THIS MORNING
4HE MAN WHOSE DAUGHTER CALLED YOU THIS MORNING WANTS TO SEE YOU -R #LARK
4HE MAN IS A DOCTOR (IS CAR IS PARKED OUTSIDE THE BUILDING
4HE MAN WHOSE CAR IS PARKED OUTSIDE THE BUILDING IS A DOCTOR
%8%2#)3%3
%X #HOOSE THE CORRECT FORM
4O WHO WHOM DID YOU WRITE A LETTER LAST NIGHT
7ITH WHO WHOM DOES HE WANT TO SPEAK
7HO WHOM IS THE BEST STUDENT IN YOUR CLASS
7HO WHOM DID YOU MEET AT THE PARTY
4HE MAN WHO WHOM TELEPHONED YOU IS MY BROTHER
4HE WOMAN WHO WHOM YOU SAW IS MY NEW TEACHER
!BOUT WHO WHOM ARE THEY TALKING
4HE GIRL WITH WHO WHOM ) DANCED WAS VERY BEAUTIFUL
&ROM WHO WHOM DID YOU GET THE MONEY
4HE BOY WHO WHOM THE POLICEMEN RESCUED FROM THE BOAT WAS TERRIlED
%X &ILL IN THE BLANK SPACES WITH 7HO 7HICH 7HOM 7HOSE
?????????????????? JACKET DO YOU LIKE BEST THE BLUE ONE OR THE BROWN ONE
?????????????????? PEN KNIFE IS THIS ) THINK IT|S 0ETER|S BUT )|M NOT QUITE SURE
7ITH ?????????????????? WILL YOU GO TO THE THEATER TOMORROW
(E IS THE MAN ?????????????????? DAUGHTER WILL PARTICIPATE IN THE COMPETITION
4HIS ISN|T THE DICTIONARY ?????????????????? WE GENERALLY USE IN CLASS
4HE MAN ABOUT ?????????????????? THEY ARE TALKING IS A WELL KNOWN FOOTBALL PLAYER
?????????????????? WILL YOU ASK FOR HELP
?????????????????? ARE THOSE CIGARETTES ON THE SMALL TABLE !RE THEY YOURS
4HE MAN WITH ?????????????????? *OHN IS SPEAKING IS AN !USTRALIAN PILOT
4HE WOMAN ?????????????????? WE MET AT THE PARTY WAS A FRIEND OF 0ETER|S
4HE TRAIN ?????????????????? LEAVES AT IS AN EXPRESS TRAIN
?????????????????? ARE THEY TALKING ABOUT
4HE MAN ?????????????????? 0ROF #LARK MENTIONED IN HIS LECTURE IS A FAMOUS !MERICAN WRITER
4HE BOY ?????????????????? FATHER DIED IN THE ACCIDENT IS STILL IN HOSPITAL
?????????????????? ARE THOSE BROWN SHOES ?????????????????? ARE UNDER THE CHAIR
?????????????????? ARE YOU TALKING TO
4HE CHILDREN WITH ?????????????????? MY SON IS PLAYING ARE NOT #HILEAN 4HEY ARE !MERICAN
?????????????????? WAS WORKING IN THE OFlCE AT O|CLOCK THIS MORNING
7ITH ?????????????????? WILL YOU WORK ON THE THESIS
) DON|T KNOW ?????????????????? WATCH THIS IS )S IT YOURS
4HE CHILDREN ?????????????????? ARE IN 2OOM " ARE ND GRADE STUDENTS
%VERYONE LIKED THE POEM ?????????????????? 0ROF 3MITH READ IN CLASS YESTERDAY
)S THAT THE BUS ?????????????????? WE MUST TAKE
3HE IS THE WOMAN ?????????????????? ) REALLY LOVE
%X #OMBINE THE TWO SENTENCES TO MAKE ONE SINGLE SENTENCE USING 7(/ 7(/- OR 7(/3%
) MET A MAN YESTERDAY (E WROTE DETECTIVE STORIES
) MET A MAN ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
) MET A WOMAN YESTERDAY (ER HUSBAND DIED IN A CAR ACCIDENT
) MET A WOMAN ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
0ETER CAME TO THE PARTY WITH A YOUNG WOMAN 4HIS IS THE YOUNG WOMAN
4HIS IS THE YOUNG ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE POLICEMEN INTERROGATED THE OLD MAN (IS CAR WAS PARKED OUTSIDE THE SCHOOL
4HE POLICEMEN INTERROGATED ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HERE|S A MAN IN THE LOBBY (E WANTS TO SPEAK WITH YOU
4HERE|S A MAN ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HEY CONTACTED A MAN 4HEY FOUND HIS WALLET IN THE STREET
4HEY CONTACTED THE MAN ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
9OU WERE TALKING TO A MAN IN THE LOBBY 7HERE IS HE
7HERE IS THE MAN ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
%XERCISE !SK QUESTIONS WITH WHOSE AS IN THE EXAMPLE
4O WHOM DOES THIS PEN BELONG BELONG PERTENECER 7HOSE PEN IS THIS 7HOSE IS THIS PEN
4O WHOM DOES THAT OLD BLUE JACKET BELONG 7HOSE IS THAT OLD BLUE JACKET
4O WHOM DOES THIS CAR BELONG
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
4O WHOM DO THESE BOOKS BELONG
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
4O WHOM DOES THIS BRAND NEW CAR BELONG
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
4O WHOM DOES THAT COAT BELONG
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
4O WHOM DOES THIS GOLD RING BELONG
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
4O WHOM DO THE CIGARETTES ON THAT TABLE BELONG ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
4O WHOM DOES THIS CAMERA BELONG
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X -AKE SYNONYMOUS SENTENCES USING THE VERB BELONG INSTEAD OF THE POSSESSIVES
4HIS PEN IS MINE
4HAT HOUSE IS OURS
4HAT|S NOT YOUR LEATHER JACKET
4HOSE KEYS ARE MINE
)S THAT CAR YOURS
4HAT IS NOT *OHN|S BICYCLE
4HESE AREN|T -ARY|S SHOES
!RE THESE CIGARETTES YOURS
7HOSE IS THIS WATCH
7HOSE GLASSES ARE THESE
) THINK THAT THIS WALLET IS YOURS
)|M SURE THAT THAT HOUSE ISN|T THEIRS
4HIS HOUSE IS OURS )T ISN|T THEIRS
4HAT CAR ISN|T HIS )T|S HERS
4HIS SWEATER ISN|T MY SISTER|S )T|S MY BROTHER|S
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
4HIS PEN ?????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
4O ??????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
4O ??????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
)|M SURE ??????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
# 3/-%"/$9 3/-%4().' 3/-%7(%2% !.$ $%2)6%$ 7/2$3
3TUDY THE FOLLOWING CHART
!lRMATIVE
3OME
3OMEBODYSOMEONE
3OMETHING
3OMEWHERE
.OTANY
.OT !NYBODY
.OTANYONE
.OTANYTHING
.OTANYWHERE
.O
.OBODY .O /NE
.OTHING
.OWHERE
!NY
!NYBODY !NYONE
!NYTHING
!NYWHERE
.EGATIVE
)NTERROGATIVE
%N LA "%'3 6/# 5.)4 HABAMOS APRENDIDO QUE LA PALABRA 3/-% SOLAMENTE SE USABA EN ORACIONES AlRMATIVAS
Y QUE EN LAS INTERROGACIONES SE DEBA USAR !.9 %N LAS ORACIONES NEGATIVAS HABA DOS ALTERNATIVAS SE PODA USAR
./4 !.9 O ./ %STA MISMA REGLA SE DEBE SEGUIR AL USAR LAS PALABRAS DERIVADAS ES DECIR CON 3OMEBODY 3OMEONE
ALGUIEN 3OMETHING ALGO ALGUNA COSA 3OMEWHERE ALGUN LUGAR ALGUNA PARTE ETC
%STUDIE LOS SIGUIENTES EJEMPLOS
) |VE GOT SOME FRIENDS IN !TLANTA
) HAVEN|T GOT ANY FRIENDS IN !TLANTA )|VE GOT NO FRIENDS IN !TLANTA
(AVE YOU GOT ANY FRIENDS IN !TLANTA
) SAW SOMEBODY IN THE CAR
) DIDN|T SEE ANYBODY IN THE CAR ) SAW NOBODY IN THE CAR
$ID YOU SEE ANYBODY IN THE CAR
4HEY NEED SOMETHING NOW
4HEY DON|T NEED ANYTHING NOW 4HEY NEED NOTHING NOW
$O THEY NEED ANYTHING NOW
4HEY WILL GO SOMEWHERE AFTER THE LESSON
4HEY WON|T GO ANYWHERE AFTER THE LESSON 4HEY WILL GO NOWHERE AFTER THE LESSON
7ILL THEY GO ANYWHERE AFTER THE LESSON
%8%2#)3%3
%X #HANGE TO NEGATIVE FORM 5SE A ./4 !.9 B ./
4HERE IS SOMEONE IN THE ROOM
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
) SAW SOMEBODY IN THE CORRIDOR
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
0LEASE PUT IT SOMEWHERE IN THIS ROOM
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HERE IS SOMEONE AT THE DOOR
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E LIVES SOMEWHERE IN .EW 9ORK
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E TOLD SOMEBODY ABOUT IT
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E GAVE THE BOOK TO SOMEBODY
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
) PUT THE MONEY SOMEWHERE IN THIS DRAWER YESTERDAY ???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
4ELL SOMEBODY ABOUT 0ETER|S PROBLEMS
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E SAID SOMETHING TO HER
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
(E HAS SOMETHING TO DO
(E|S GOING TO DO SOMETHING NOW
4HEY FOUND THE MONEY SOMEWHERE
4HEY WILL SEND THE GOODS TO SOMEONE
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X #HANGE TO QUESTION FORM
) SAW SOMEBODY AT THE DESK
(E WENT SOMEWHERE LAST NIGHT
3HE HAS SOMETHING TO DO
(E TOLD SOMEBODY ABOUT IT
3HE PUT IT SOMEWHERE
4HERE IS SOMEONE IN THE NEXT ROOM
3OMEBODY WANTS TO SPEAK TO HIM
SAW SOMEBODY ) KNEW
(E BROUGHT SOMETHING WITH HIM
(E GAVE IT TO SOMEONE
(E TOOK THEM SOMEWHERE ON ,ONG )SLAND
) LIKED SOMETHING ABOUT HER
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X 2EWRITE THE FOLLOWING h./v SENTENCES IN THE MORE COMMON h./4 !.9v NEGATIVE FORM
4HEY FOUND NOBODY AT HOME
4HERE IS NO MORE COFFEE
4HEY WANT NOTHING TO DRINK
4HERE IS NOWHERE FOR HIM TO SIT
3HE SPOKE TO NO ONE ABOUT IT
WANT NO MORE THANK YOU
(E CAN SEE NOTHING WITHOUT HIS GLASSES
7E SAW NOBODY AT ALL IN THE PARK
4HEY GAVE US NOTHING TO EAT
7E WENT NOWHERE AFTER THE DANCE
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
"!3)# 6/#!"5,!29 3TUDY THESE WORDS
4(% #)49
AIRPORT ARPORT
AEROPUERTO
ALL
YOU
CAN
EAT RESTAURANT L IU KN T RSTRANT
RESTAURANT TENEDOR LIBRE
GALERA DE ARTE
ART GALLERY RT GLERI
PANADERA
BAKERS BIKERZ
LIBRERA
BOOK SHOP BUK SHOP
CUARTEL DE POLICIA
POLICE STATION POLS STISHN
EDIlCIO
BUILDING BLDI
BUS
BUS BS
PARADERO DE BUSES
BUS STOP BAS STOP
TERMINAL DE BUSES
BUS TERMINAL BAS TRMINL
CARNICERA
BUTCHERS BTCHERZ
TAXI 53!
CAB KB
CAF
CAF KFEI
FUENTE DE SODA CASINO
CAFETERA KAlTRIA
AUTOMVIL
CAR KAR
CASINO DE JUEGOS
CASINO KAZNOU
FARMACIA
CHEMISTS KMISTS
IGLESIA
CHURCH TCHRTCH
SALA DE CINE
CINEMA SNEMA
BUS INTERURBANO
COACH KUTCH
CAFETERA
COFFEE SHOP KlSHOP
ESCUELA UNIV
COLLEGE KLIDLL
ESQUINA
CORNER KRNER
CRUCE
CROSSROADS KRSROUDZ
DEPARTMENT STORE DIPRMENT STAR TIENDA DE DEPART
DISCOTECA
DISCO DSKOU
LAVASECO TINTORERA
DRY
CLEANERS DRI KLNERZ
RANCHERA "2
ESTATE CAR ESTIT KR
CUARTEL DE BOMBEROS
lRE BRIGADE FIAR BRIGID
mORERA
mOWER SHOP mUER SHOP
VERDULERA
GREENGROCERS GRINGRUSERZ
ALMACN "2
GROCERS GRUSERZ
ALMACN 53!
GROCERY STORE GRUSERI STAR
FERRETERA
HARDWARE STORE HRDWEAR STAR
HOSPITAL
HOSPITAL HSPITL
HOSTAL
HOSTEL HSTEL
HOTEL
HOTEL HOUTL
JOYERA
JEWELLER|S DLLELERZ
CRUCE &&## "2
LEVEL CROSSING LVEL KRSI
CAMIN "2
LORRY LORRI
MUSEO
MUSEUM MIUZAM
PUESTO DE DIARIOS
NEWS
STAND NIUZ STND
BOITE
NIGHT
CLUB NIT KLAB
PARK PARK
PARQUE
PAVEMENT PIVMENT
VEREDA "2
PEATN
PEDESTRIAN PEDSTRIAN
PICK UP PIK P
CAMIONETA 53!
PLANETARIUM PLANETRIUM
PLANETARIO
BRIDGE BRIDLL
PUENTE
POST OFlCE PUST lS
OlCINA DE CORREOS
PUBLIC LIBRARY PBLIK LIBREARI
BIBLIOTECA PBLICA
RAILWAY STATION RILWEI STISHN ESTACIN DE TRENES
RESTAURANT RSTORANT
RESTAURANT
ROAD RUD
CAMINO CALZADA
ROUNDABOUT RUNDABUT
ROTONDA
SCHOOL SKL
COLEGIO ESCUELA
SHOE SHOP SHU SHOP
ZAPATERA
SHOP SHOP
TIENDA "2
SIDEWALK SIDWOK
VEREDA 53!
SNACK BAR SNK BR
FUENTE DE SODA
STATION WAGON STISHN WGON RANCHERA 53!
STATIONERS STISHONERZ
LIBRERA ARTESCRIT
STORE STAR
TIENDA 53!
STREET STRIT
CALLE
STREET
CAR STRT KR
TRANVA
SUBWAY SBWEI
PASO BAJO NIVEL "2
SUBWAY SBWEI
TREN SUBTERRNEO 53!
SUPERMARKET SUPERMRKIT
SUPERMERCADO
TAILORS TILORZ
SASTRERA
TAKE
AWAY RESTAURANT TIKAWEI RSTRANT RESTAURANTE DE
PLATOS PREPARADOS PARA LLEVAR
TAXI TKSI
TAXI
TEA SHOP TISHOP
SALN DE T
THEATRE ATER
TEATRO
TOWN HALL TUN HL
MUNICIPALIDAD
TRAFlC LIGHTS TRlK LAITS
SEMFORO
TRAFlC SIGN TRlK SIN
SEALIZACIN
TRAIN TRIN
TREN
TRAVEL AGENT|S TRVEL IDLLENTS AGENCIA DE VIAJES
TRUCK TRAK
CAMIM 53!
TUNNEL TNEL
TUNNEL
UNDERGROUND ANDERGRUND
TREN SUBTERRNEO "2
UNIVERSITY IUNIVRSITI
UNIVERSIDAD
VAN VN
CAMIONETA "2
ZEBRA CROSSING ZIBRA KRSI
CRUCE DE ZEBRA
ZOO ZU
ZOOLGICO
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
"L
5.)4
+EY TO ANSWERS
0!24 )
!
%X WILL MARCH WILL SEND WILL HAVE WILL SELL WILL USE WILL DIG WILL LAUNCH WILL ATTEND WILL BE WILL
BUY WILL HIRE WILL MOVE
%X -ARY WILL NOT GO OUT 7ILL -ARY GO OUT 9OU WON{T SEND 7ILL YOU SEND 4HE TRAIN WON|T ARRIVE
7ILL THE TRAIN ARRIVE *OHN WILL NOT ACCEPT 7ILL *OHN ACCEPT 4HEY WON{T GET MARRIED 7ILL THEY GET MARRIED
-R 3MITH WON{T SEE 7ILL -R 3MITH SEE
%X 7HERE WILL THEY GO IN THE SUMMER 7HEN WILL *OHN GIVE THE ANSWER 7HY WILL "OB SELL THE CAR (OW
LONG WILL THE SOLDIERS WAIT THERE 7HAT WILL -R 3MITH SEND THEM 7HY WON{T 3UE BUY THE DRESS (OW LONG WILL
THEY STAY IN 4ORONTO 7HERE WILL YOU WAIT FOR ME US (OW MANY VOLUNTEERS WILL THEY NEED 7HAT WILL THEY
TALK ABOUT TOMORROW
0!24 ))
!
%X SAYS TOLD SAID TOLD SAYS TOLD SAYS SAID SAID SAYS TELL TELL
TOLD SAID
%X 3HE TOLD ME THAT -R 3MITH TOLD 0ETER THAT *OHN TOLD HIS FRIENDS THAT !NN TOLD THE OFlCE THAT
7ILLIAM TOLD THE DOCTOR THAT (ELEN TOLD THE TRAVEL AGENT THAT THE BOY TOLD US THAT 4HE TEACHER TOLD 0AUL{S
PARENTS THAT 4HE MAN TELLS ME THAT
%X "OB SAID THAT HE ) SAID THAT 4HE TEACHER SAID THAT -R 3MITH SAID THAT ) SAID THAT *OHN
SAID THAT 4HE BOY SAYS THAT (E SAYS THAT SHE
"
%X WHOM WHOM 7HO 7HOM WHO WHOM WHOM WHOM WHOM WHOM
%X 7HICH 7HOSE WHOM WHOSE WHICH WHOM 7HOM 7HOSE WHOM WHOM WHICH
7HO WHOM WHOSE 7HOSE
WHICH 7HO WHOM 7HO
WHOM WHOSE WHO WHICH WHICH WHOM
%X WHO WROTE DETECTIVE STORIES WHOSE HUSBAND DIED IN A CAR ACCIDENT WOMAN WITH WHOM 0ETER CAME
TO THE PARTY THE OLD MAN WHOSE CAR WAS PARKED OUTSIDE THE SCHOOL WHO WANTS TO SPEAK WITH YOU WHOSE
WALLET THEY FOUND IN THE STREET TO WHOM YOU WERE TALKING IN THE LOBBY
%X 7HOSE CAR IS THIS 7HOSE IS THIS CAR 7HOSE BOOKS ARE THESE 7HOSE ARE THESE BOOKS 7HOSE IS THIS
BRAND NEW CAR 7HOSE COAT IS THAT 7HOSE IS THAT COAT 7HOSE IS THIS GOLD RING 7HOSE ARE THE CIGARETTES ON
THAT TABLE 7HOSE CAMERA IS THIS 7HOSE IS THIS CAMERA
%X BELONGS TO ME 4HAT HOUSE BELONGS TO US 4HAT LEATHER JACKET DOESN{T BELONG TO YOU 4HOSE KEYS
BELONG TO ME $OES THAT CAR BELONG TO YOU 4HAT BICYCLE DOESN{T BELONG TO *OHN 4HOSE SHOES DON|T BELONG
TO -ARY $O THESE CIGARETTES BELONG TO YOU WHOM DOES THIS WATCH BELONG 7HO DOES THIS WATCH BELONG
TO WHOM DO THESE GLASSES BELONG 7HO DO THESE GLASSES BELONG TO ) THINK THAT THIS WALLET BELONGS
TO YOU )|M SURE THAT THAT HOUSE DOESN|T BELONG TO THEM 4HIS HOUSE BELONGS TO US )T DOESN{T BELONG TO
THEM 4HAT CAR DOESN|T BELONG TO HIM )T BELONGS TO HER 4HIS SWEATER DOESN|T BELONG TO MY SISTER )T BELONGS
TO MY BROTHER
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
#
%X 4HERE ISN{T ANYONE IN 4HERE|S NO ONE IN ) DIDN|T SEE ANYBODY IN ) SAW NOBODY IN 0LEASE DON|T
PUT IT ANYWHERE IN 0LEASE PUT IT NOWHERE IN 4HERE ISN{T ANYONE AT 4HERE{S NO ONE AT (E DOESN|T LIVE
ANYWHERE IN (E LIVES NOWHERE IN (E DIDN|T TELL ANYBODY (E TOLD NOBODY (E DIDN{T GIVE THE BOOK TO
ANYBODY (E GAVE THE BOOK TO NOBODY ) DIDN{T PUT THE MONEY ANYWHERE ) PUT THE MONEY NOWHERE $ON{T TELL
ANYBODY ABOUT 4ELL NOBODY ABOUT (E DIDN|T SAY ANYTHING (E SAID NOTHING (E DOESN{T HAVE ANYTHING
TO DO (E HAS NOTHING TO DO (E ISN|T GOING TO DO ANYTHING NOW (E{S GOING TO DO NOTHING NOW 4HEY DIDN|T lND
THE MONEY ANYWHERE 4HEY FOUND THE MONEY NOWHERE 4HEY WON|T SEND THE GOODS TO ANYONE 4HEY|LL SEND THE
GOODS TO NO ONE
%X $ID ) SEE ANYBODY AT THE DESK $ID HE GO ANYWHERE LAST NIGHT $OES SHE HAVE ANYTHING TO DO $ID
HE TELL ANYBODY ABOUT IT $ID SHE PUT IT ANYWHERE )S THERE ANYONE IN THE NEXT ROOM $OES ANYBODY WANT TO
SPEAK TO HIM $ID ) SEE ANYBODY ) KNEW $ID HE BRING ANYTHING WITH HIM $ID HE GIVE IT TO ANYONE $ID
HE TAKE THEM ANYWHERE ON ,ONG )SLAND $ID ) LIKE ANYTHING ABOUT HER
%X 4HEY DIDN|T lND ANYBODY AT HOME 4HERE ISN|T ANY MORE COFFEE 4HEY DON|T WANT ANYTHING TO DRINK 4HERE
ISN|T ANYWHERE FOR HIM TO SIT 3HE DIDN{|T SPEAK TO ANYONE ABOUT IT ) DON|T WANT ANY MORE THANK YOU (E CAN|T SEE
ANYTHING WITHOUT HIS GLASSES 7E DIDN|T SEE ANYBODY AT ALL IN THE PARK 4HEY DIDN|T GIVE US ANYTHING TO EAT 7E
DIDN|T GO ANYWHERE AFTER THE DANCE
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
5.)4
0!24 %, &5452/ 3)-0,% )) 4(% 3)-0,% &5452% 4%.3% ))
%, &5452/ 3)-0,% #/. !-)3!2% '/).' 4/
%STA CONSTRUCCIN GRAMATICAL SE USA PARA EXPRESAR INTENCIONES O PLANES QUE PROBABLEMENTE SE LLEVARAN A CABO EN EL
FUTURO CERCANO %QUIVALE A LA EXPRESIN h9O VOY A v h4 VAS A v hL VA A v ETC
,EA ESCUCHE Y APRENDA
4HEY ARE GOING TO VISIT US NEXT WEEK
END I AR GUI TU VZIT AS NKST WKND %LLOS VAN A VISITARNOS EL PRXIMO lN DE
SEMANA
-ARY IS GOING TO COME TO WORK TOMORROW MRIZ GUI TU KM TU WRK TUMROU -ARY VA A VENIR A TRABAJAR MAANA
%N LA NEGACIN Y EN LA INTERROGACIN SE APLICAN LAS MISMAS REGLAS DADAS EN EL 0RESENTE #ONTINUO
,EA ESCUCHE Y APRENDA
4HEY AREN|T GOING TO VISIT US NEXT WEEK
END I RENT GUI TU VZIT AS NKST WKND
-ARY ISN|T GOING TO COME TO WORK TOMORROW MRI ZNT GUI TU KM TU WRK TUMROU
!RE THEY GOING TO VISIT US NEXT WEEK
END R I GUI TU VZIT AS NKST WKND
)S -ARY GOING TO COME TO WORK TOMORROW IZ MRI GUI TU KM TU WRK TUMROU
7HEN ARE THEY GOING TO VISIT US WN AR I GUI TU VZIT AS
7HY ISN|T -ARY GOING TO COME TO WORK TOMORROW WI IZNT MRI GUI TU KM TU WRK TUMROU
,A PREGUNTA HABITUAL EN ESTE TIEMPO VERBAL ES
7HAT ARE YOU GOING TO DO WT AR I GUI TU D z1U VA HA HACER UD
%8%2#)3%3
%X #HANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING !- )3 !2% '/).' 4/ INSTEAD OF 7),,
4OM WILL COME TO #HILE NEXT YEAR
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HEY|LL TRAVEL TO -EXICO IN -ARCH
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
-R *ACKSON WILL PLAY TENNIS TOMORROW
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
*ANE WILL BUY A BILINGUAL DICTIONARY
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE INSTRUCTOR WILL USE A VIDEO
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
0AUL WILL GO TO 'ERMANY AND &RANCE
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE *OHNSONS WILL SPEND THEIR VACATION IN !CAPULCO ???????????????????????????????????????????????????
) WILL SEND -ARY A POST
CARD FROM ,!
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X #HANGE THE SENTENCES YOU WROTE IN THE PREVIOUS EXERCISE INTO A NEGATIVE AND B INTERROGATIVE
4OM ISN|T GOING TO COME TO #HILE NEXT YEAR
?????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????
)S 4OM GOING TO COME TO #HILE NEXT YEAR
???????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%X !SK QUESTIONS USING QUESTION WORDS LIKE 7HEN 7HERE (OW LONG ETC )N EACH CASE THE UNDERLINED PART
OF THE SENTENCE WILL BE THE ANSWER TO THE QUESTION ASKED
"ILL IS GOING TO TRAVEL BY PLANE
"OB AND *IM ARE GOING TO SWIM
7E|RE GOING TO BUY FRUIT AND DRINKS
)|M GOING TO GET BACK FROM WORK AT
4HEY|RE GOING TO lX THE ENGINE
3HE|S NOT GOING TO GO BECAUSE SHE|S TIRED
"ILL IS GOING TO ANSWER THE QUESTION
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X 4RANSLATE THE FOLLOWING SENTNCES INTO %NGLISH
%LLOS NO VAN A VENIR A LA lESTA ESTA NOCHE
%LLA VA A COMPRAR OTRO PAR DE ZAPATOS
z1U VAS HA HACER MAANA EN LA MAANA
z6AN A ESTAR UDS EN CASA ESTA TARDE
9O VOY A VISITAR A -ARY ESTE lN DE SEMANA
z#UNDO VAS A VENDER TU AUTO
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
0!24 ))
! ,! %802%3)/. )$)/-!4)#! )4 4!+%3 )4 4//+ )4 7),, 4!+%
%STA EXPRESIN IDIOMTICA SE USA PARA EXPRESAR LA IDEA DE hDEMORARv h TOMAR TIEMPOv
3TUDY THE FOLLOWING CHART
02%3%.4
)T TAKES
0!34
)T TOOK
&5452%
)T WILL TAKE
7HOM
(OW LONG
4O DO WHAT
-R #LARK THE STUDENTS
US ????????????????
ABOUT MINUTES
ABOUT MINUTES
ABOUT ONE HOUR
ABOUT HOURS
TO DRIVE TO HIS OFlCE
TO RUN TO THE STADIUM
TO WALK THAT DISTANCE
TO DRIVE TO 6IA DEL -AR
THE STUDENTS THE MEN
ME ????????????????
ABOUT HOUR
SIX MONTHS
MORE THAN A YEAR
A LONG TIME
TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
TO BUILD THE BRIDGE
TO LEARN %NGLISH
TO BUILD THE PYRAMIDS
YOU THE MEN
????????????????????
AT LEAST AN HOUR
TWO YEARS
ABOUT HOURS
TO TYPE THE REPORT
TO BUILD THE NEW HIGHWAY
TO mY FROM ,ONDON TO #HICAGO
%SCUCHE LEA Y APRENDA
)T TAKES -R #LARK ABOUT TWENTY MINUTES TO DRIVE TO HIS OFlCE IT TIKS MSTER KLRK ABUT TWNTI MNITS TU DRIV TU HIZ lS %L
3R #LARK DEMORA CERCA DE MINUTOS EN CONDUCIR A SU OlCINA
)T TOOK THE STUDENTS ABOUT AN HOUR TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS IT TUK E STIDENTS ABUT AN UAR TU NSER E KWSTCHONZ
,OS ALUMNOS DEMORARON MS O MENOS UNA HORA EN CONTESTAR LAS PREGUNTAS
)T WILL TAKE YOU AT LEAST AN HOUR TO TYPE THE REPORT IT WIL TIK I AT LST AN UAR TU TIP E RIPRT 5D DEMORAR POR LO
MENOS UNA HORA EN TIPEAR EL INFORME
,A FORMA NEGATIVA SE EXPRESA MEDIANTE EL USO DE h)T DOESN|T TAKEv h)T DIDN|T TAKEv O h)T WON|T TAKEv ,A
FORMA INTERROGATIVA SE EXPRESA CON h$OES IT TAKE v h$ID IT TAKE v O h7ILL IT TAKE v
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%SCUCHE LEA Y APRENDA
)T DOESN|T TAKE -R #LARK MORE THAN TWENTY MINUTES TO DRIVE TO HIS OFlCE
$OES IT TAKE -R #LARK MORE THAN TWENTY MINUTES TO DRIVE TO HIS OFlCE
)T DIDN|T TAKE THE STUDENTS MUCH TIME TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
$ID IT TAKE THE STUDENTS MUCH TIME TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
)T WON|T TAKE YOU MORE THAN AN HOUR TO TYPE THE REPORT
7ILL IT TAKE YOU MORE THAN AN HOUR TO TYPE THE REPORT
,A PREGUNTA HABITUAL CON ESTA EXPRESIN IDIOMTICA ES
(OW LONG DOES IT TAKE YOU TO
(OW LONG DID IT TAKE YOU TO
(OW LONG WILL IT TAKE YOU TO
z#UNTO TIEMPO SE DEMORA 5D EN
z#UNTO TIEMPO SE DEMOR 5D EN
z#UNTO TIEMPO SE DEMORAR 5D EN
%SCUCHE LEA Y APRENDA
(OW LONG DOES IT TAKE -R #LARK TO DRIVE TO HIS OFlCE EVERY MORNING
(OW LONG DID IT TAKE THE STUDENTS TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
(OW LONG WILL IT TAKE YOU TO TYPE THIS REPORT
%8%2#)3%3
%X #HANGE THE FOLLOWING TO INTRODUCE )4 4!+%3 )4 4//+ OR )4 7), 4!+%
) COME TO WORK ON THE BUS IN TEN MINUTES )T TAKES ME TEN MINUTES TO COME TO WORK ON THE BUS
) DID MY EXERCISE IN ONE HOUR
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
) WALKED TO THE STATION IN lFTEEN MINUTES
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
7E DROVE TO 0HILADELPHIA IN ONE HOUR
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
) FOUND MY MISTAKE IN A FEW MINUTES
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
) DO MY HOMEWORK EVERY NIGHT IN A SHORT TIME
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HEY WILL BUILD THE BRIDGE IN TWO YEARS
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
3HE LEARNED TO SPEAK %NGLISH IN ONLY ONE YEAR
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
) lNISHED THE WORK IN AN HOUR
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
) WROTE THE LETTER IN A FEW MINUTES
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HEY WILL COMPLETE THE WORK IN SIX YEARS
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E DOES HIS HOMEWORK EVERY DAY IN ONE HOUR
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
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)T TOOK THEM TWO DAYS TO lND HIM
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9O GENERALMENTE DEMORO DIEZ MINUTOS EN CAMINAR A CASA DESDE LA OlCINA
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5D NO DEMORAR MUCHO TIEMPO EN LEER ESE ARTCULO
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4HE WEATHER TODAY IS ???????????????????????????? YESTERDAY BAD
4HIS SUMMER IS ???????????????????????????? LAST SUMMER HOT
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4HIS STREET IS NOT WIDER THAN THAT STREET 4HIS STREET IS ???????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HIS EXERCISE IS NOT MORE DIFlCULT THAN THE LAST ONE 4HIS EXERCISE IS ???????????????????????????????????????
4HIS BOOK IS NOT THICKER THAN MY &RENCH BOOK 4HIS BOOK IS ??????????????????????????????????????????????
4HIS BOOK WAS NOT MORE EXPENSIVE THAN MY &RENCH BOOK 4HIS BOOK WAS ??????????????????????????????????
4HE WEATHER TODAY IS NOT BETTER THAN IT WAS YESTERDAY 4HE WEATHER TODAY IS ????????????????????????????????
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4HIS IS ???????????????????????????? APPLE OF ALL SWEET
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(ENRY IS ???????????????????????????? DANCER IN THE SCHOOL BAD
7HICH IS ???????????????????????????? CITY IN THIS COUNTRY LARGE
4HIS IS ???????????????????????????? ROOM IN THE WHOLE BUILDING LIGHT
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&RANK IS YOUNG
4HE %MPIRE 3TATE "LDG ISTALL
4HE -ISSISSIPPI 2IVER ISLONG
4HIS STREET ISWIDE
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4HIS STREET IS WIDER THAN THAT ONE
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(ELEN IS MORE BEAUTIFUL THAN -ARY
.EW 9ORK IS MORE IMPORTANT THAN 7ASHINGTON $#
/UR APARTMENT IS LARGER THAN YOURS
4HIS CORRIDOR IS LARGER THAN THE ROOM
4HE SKY IS DARKER THAN IT WAS YESTERDAY
4HIS BOOK IS BETTER THAN THE OTHER
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GOING TO SPEND )|M NOT GOING TO SEND -ARY !M ) GOING TO SEND -ARY
%X (OW IS "ILL GOING TO TRAVEL 7HAT ARE "OB AND *IM GOING TO DO 7HAT ARE YOU WE GOING TO BUY 7HAT
TIME 7HEN ARE YOU GOING TO GET BACK FROM WORK 7HAT ARE THEY GOING TO DO 7HY ISN|T SHE GOING TO GO 7HO
IS GOING TO ANSWER THE QUESTION
%X 4HEY AREN|T GOING TO COME TO THE PARTY TONIGHT 3HE|S GOING TO BUY ANOTHER PAIR OF SHOES 7HAT ARE YOU
GOING TO DO TOMORROW MORNING !RE YOU GOING TO BE AT HOME THIS EVENING )|M GOING TO VISIT -ARY THIS WEEKEND
7HEN ARE YOU GOING TO SELL YOUR CAR
0!24 ))
!
%X )T TOOK ME AN HOUR TO DO MY EXERCISE )T TOOK ME lFTEEN MINUTES TO WALK TO THE STATION )T TOOK US ONE HOUR
TO DRIVE TO 0HILADELPHIA )T TOOK ME A FEW MINUTES TO lND MY MISTAKE )T TAKES ME A SHORT TIME TO DO MY HOMEWORK
EVERY NIGHT )T WILL TAKE THEM TWO YEARS TO BUILD THE BRIDGE )T TOOK HER ONLY ONE YEAR TO LEARN TO SPEAK %NGLISH
)T TOOK ME AN HOUR TO lNISH THE WORK )T TOOK ME A FEW MINUTES TO WRITE THE LETTER )T WILL TAKE THEM SIX YEARS TO
COMPLETE THE WORK )T TAKES HIM ONE HOUR TO DO HIS HOMEWORK EVERY DAY
%X )T DOESN|T TAKE ME SEVEN MINUTES TO $OES IT TAKE ME SEVEN MINUTES TO (OW LONG DOES IT TAKE ME TO
)T DIDN|T TAKE THEM MANY YEARS TO BUILD $ID IT TAKE THEM MANY YEARS TO BUILD (OW LONG DID IT TAKE THEM TO
BUILD )T DOESN|T TAKE ME TEN MINUTES TO GET $OES IT TAKE ME TEN MINUTES TO GET (OW LONG DOES IT TAKE ME
TO GET )T DIDN|T TAKE HIM SEVERAL HOURS TO $ID IT TAKE HIM SEVERAL HOURS TO (OW LONG DID IT TAKE HIM TO
)T DIDN|T TAKE A MONTH TO $ID IT TAKE A MONTH TO (OW LONG DID IT TAKE TO )T WON|T TAKE A LONG TIME TO 7ILL
IT TAKE A LONG TIME TO (OW LONG WILL IT TAKE TO )T WON|T TAKE YOU A WEEK TO 7ILL IT TAKE YOU A WEEK TO
(OW LONG WILL IT TAKE YOU TO )T DIDN|T TAKE THEM TWO DAYS TO $ID IT TAKE THEM TWO DAYS TO (OW LONG DID IT
TAKE THEM TO )T DOESN|T TAKE AN HOUR TO $OES IT TAKE AN HOUR TO (OW LONG DOES IT TAKE TO )T DOESN{T
TAKE MUCH TIME TO $OES IT TAKE MUCH TIME TO (OW LONG DOES IT TAKE TO )T DIDN|T TAKE AN HOUR TO $ID IT
TAKE AN HOUR TO (OW LONG DID IT TAKE TO
%X )T GENERALLY TAKES ME TEN MINUTES TO WALK HOME FROM THE OFlCE )T TOOK THE STUDENTS MORE THAN TWO HOURS
TO ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS )T WILL TAKE YOU AT LEAST THREE MONTHS TO PREPARE THE REPORT (OW LONG DID IT TAKE YOU
TO LEARN TO DRIVE A CAR (OW LONG WILL IT TAKE US TO LEARN TO SPEAK %NGLISH WELL (OW LONG DOES IT USUALLY TAKE YOU
TO TAKE A SHOWER EVERY MORNING )T DIDN|T TAKE HER VERY LONG MUCH TIME TO LEARN HOW TO USE THE COMPUTER )T
DOESN|T TAKE MORE THAN TWO HOURS TO TRAVEL FROM 3ANTIAGO TO 0UERTO -ONTT BY PLANE )T WON|T TAKE YOU VERY LONG TO
READ THAT ARTICLE
"
%X SHORTER THAN TALLER THAN OLDER THAN WORSE THAN HOTTER THAN MORE INTERESTING THAN MORE DIFlCULT
THAN BETTER THAN HEALTHIER THAN LIGHTER THAN
MORE IMPORTANT THAN
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%X SHORTER THAN ) BIGGER THAN #HICAGO OLDER THAN HER SISTER NARROWER THAN EASIER THAN THINNER THAN
MY &RENCH BOOK CHEAPER THAN MY &RENCH BOOK WORSE THAN IT WAS YESTERDAY WARMER HOTTER THAN IT WAS
YESTERDAY
%X THE TALLEST THE HOTTEST THE MOST INTERESTING THE LARGEST THE SWEETEST
THE MOST BEAUTIFUL THE MOST INTELLIGENT THE BEST THE WORST THE LARGEST THE LIGHTEST THE MOST THE
MOST THE FEWEST THE LEAST
%X /PEN ANSWERS (ENRY IS TALLER THAN "ILL (ENRY IS THE TALLEST PERSON IN THE GROUP 'RACE IS PRETTIER THAN HER
SISTER 'RACE IS THE PRETTIEST GIRL WHOM ) KNOW "ILL IS MORE INTELLIGENT THAN *AMES "ILL IS THE MOST INTELLIGENT PERSON
IN MY CLASS 4HIS BOOK IS MORE INTERESTING THAN THAT ONE 4HIS IS THE MOST INTERESTING BOOK THAT ) HAVE EVER READ
&RANK IS YOUNGER THAN HIS SISTER &RANK IS THE YOUNGEST PERSON IN THE
FAMILY 4HE %MPIRE 3TATE "UILDING IS TALLER THAN THE 2#! "UILDING 4HE %MPIRE 3TATE "UILDING IS THE TALLEST BUILDING
IN .EW 9ORK 4HE -ISSISSIPPI 2IVER IS LONGER THAN THE #OLORADO 2IVER 4HE -ISSISSIPPI 2IVER IS THE LONGEST RIVER IN THE
53! 4HIS STREET IS WIDER THAN MY STREET 4HIS IS THE WIDEST STREET IN THIS TOWN *OHN IS A BETTER STUDENT THAN 0ETER
*OHN IS THE BEST STUDENT IN MY CLASS 4HIS EXERCISE IS EASIER THAN THE PREVIOUS ONE 4HIS IS THE EASIEST EXERCISE
IN THIS UNIT
%X 4HIS STREET IS AS WIDE AS THAT ONE 4HIS STREET ISN|T AS SO WIDE AS THAT ONE 4HIS EXERCISE IS AS LONG AS THE LAST
4HIS EXERCISE ISN|T AS SO LONG AS THE LAST (ELEN IS AS BEAUTIFUL AS -ARY (ELEN ISN|T AS SO BEAUTIFUL AS -ARY.EW
9ORK IS AS IMPORTANT AS 7ASHINGTON .EW 9ORK ISN|T AS SO IMPORTANT AS 7ASHINGTON /UR APARTMENT IS AS LARGE AS
YOURS /UR APARTMENT ISN|T AS SO LARGE AS YOURS 4HIS CORRIDOR IS AS LARGE AS THE ROOM 4HIS CORRIDOR ISN|T AS SO LARGE
AS THE ROOM 4HE SKY IS AS DARK AS IT WAS YESTERDAY 4HE SKY ISN|T AS SO DARK AS IT WAS YESTERDAY 4HIS BOOK IS AS
GOOD AS THE OTHER 4HIS BOOK ISN|T AS SO GOOD AS THE OTHER 4HE WEATHER TODAY IS AS BAD AS IT WAS YESTERDAY 4HE
WEATHER TODAY ISN|T AS SO BAD AS IT WAS YESTERDAY *OHN MAKES AS MANY MISTAKES AS (ENRY *OHN DOESN|T MAKE
AS SO MANY MISTAKES AS (ENRY 4HERE ARE AS MANY PEOPLE TODAY AS YESTERDAY 4HERE AREN|T AS SO MANY PEOPLE
TODAY AS YESTERDAY 0ETER HAS AS MUCH MONEY AS (ENRY 0ETER DOESN|T HAVE AS SO MUCH MONEY AS (ENRY
*OHN HAS AS LITTLE EXPERIENCE IN COMPUTERS AS ) *OHN DOESN|T HAVE AS SO LITTLE EXPERIENCE IN COMPUTERS AS )
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
5.)4
0!24 %, &5452/ 3)-0,% ))) 4(% 3)-0,% &5452% 4%.3% )))
%, &5452/ 3)-0,% #/. !-)3!2% '%25.$)/
#OMO PROBABLEMENTE UD HA ADVERTIDO EN ESTA VARIANTE SE USA LA MISMA ESTRUCTURA DEL 0RESENTE #ONTNUO 3 !-)3
!2% ).' %STA CONSTRUCCIN GRAMATICAL SE USA PARA REFERIRSE A ACTIVIDADES QUE HAN SIDO ACORDADAS AGENDADAS
PREVISTAS O lJADAS CON ANTICIPACIN PARA UNA FECHA PRXIMA
,EA ESCUCHE Y APRENDA
4HEY ARE VISITING US NEXT WEEK
END I AR VZITI AS NKST WKND 4HEY ACCEPTED OUR INVITATION
-ARY|S COMING TO WORK TOMORROW MRIZ KMI TU WRK TUMROU 3HE CONlRMED THIS MORNING
,OS VERBOS MS COMNMENTE USADOS EN ESTA VARIANTE SON AQUELLOS QUE INDICAN MOVIMIENTO O DESPLAZAMIENTO DE UNO A
OTRO LUGAR POR EJEMPLO TO GO TO COME TO VISIT TO TRAVEL TO mY TO DRIVE TO ATTEND TO HAVE LUNCHDINNER TO LEAVE
TO ARRIVE TO COME BACK TO STAY ETC
,AS FORMA NEGATIVA E INTERROGATIVA SE EXPRESA EN LA MISMA FORMA QUE SE HIZO CON EL 0RESENTE #ONTNUO
,EA ESCUCHE Y APRENDA
4HEY AREN|T VISITING US NEXT WEEK
END I RENT VZITI AS NKST WKND
-ARY ISN|T COMING TO WORK TOMORROW MRI ZNT KMI TU WRK TUMROU
!RE THEY VISITING US NEXT WEEK
END R I VZITI AS NKST WKND
)S -ARY COMING TO WORK TOMORROW IZ MRI KMI TU WRK TUMROU
7HEN ARE THEY VISITING US WN AR I VZITI S
7HY ISN|T -ARY COMING TO WORK TOMORROW WI ZNT MRI KMI TU WRK TUMROU
,A PREGUNTA MS FRECUENTE EN ESTE TIEMPO ES
7HAT ARE YOU DOING TOMORROW MORNINGON 3UNDAY ETC WT R IU DI TUMROU MRNION SNDI ETC
1U TIENES PREVISTO PLANIlCADO HACER MAANA EN LA MAANA EL DOMINGO ETC
%8%2#)3%3
%X 0RACTICE THESE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH A FRIEND
7HAT ARE YOU DOING ON &RIDAY NIGHT
7HAT ARE YOU DOING NEXT WEEK
END
7HAT|S THE BOSS DOING THIS AFTERNOON
)|M GOING TO A DISCO WITH SOME FRIENDS
)|M VISITING MY SISTER IN .EW *ERSEY
(E|S ATTENDING A MEETING
7HAT ARE YOU AND YOUR WIFE DOING NEXT SUMMER
(OW ARE YOU GETTING THERE
7HEN ARE YOU LEAVING
(OW LONG ARE YOU STAYING THERE THIS TIME
7E|RE GOING TO #ANCUN AGAIN
7E|RE mYING 7E|RE GOING BY PLANE
7E|RE LEAVING ON *ANUARY ST
7E|RE STAYING THERE FOR DAYS
%X -AKE SENTENCES USING THE 0RESENT #ONTINUOUS TO REFER TO FUTURE ACTIVITIES LIKE IN THE EXAMPLE
4HE *OHNSONS INVITED ME FOR DINNER NEXT &RIDAY EVENING ) ACCEPTED THEIR INVITATION HAVE DINNER
)|M HAVING DINNER WITH THE *OHNSONS NEXT &RIDAY EVENING
-R -ITCHELL WANTS TO VISIT 3YDNEY NEXT WEEK (E WENT TO HIS TRAVEL AGENT THIS MORNING AND BOUGHT AN AIR TICKET mY
-R -ITCHELL ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
*OHN WROTE IN HIS DIARY h-ONDAY #ONFERENCE AT 9-#! !UDITORIUMv ATTEND
*OHN ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
) WANT TO PLAY TENNIS TOMORROW ) ASKED "OB IF HE WANTED TO PLAY WITH ME AND HE SAID h 9ES OF COURSEv PLAY
) ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
*IM h7HY DON|T WE GO TO A DISCO TONIGHT -ARY v -ARY h9ES LET|S GOv GO
*IM AND -ARY ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7E JUST GOT A TELEGRAM FROM OUR DAUGHTER )T SAYS h!RRIVING ON TRAIN 3ATURDAY MORNINGv ARRIVE
/UR DAUGHTER ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
-R "ROWN SAID TO US h)|M AFRAID ) CAN|T COME TO YOUR WEDDING PARTY ON &RIDAY )|LL BE AWAY ON A BUSINESS TRIPv
NOT ATTEND
-R "ROWN ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
)T|S NOW 4HE DEPARTURE OF OUR TRAIN IS AT 7E MUST HURRY UP LEAVE
/UR TRAIN ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? IN TEN MINUTES ,ET|S HURRY UP
%X $R .OVOA IS GOING TO THE 53! NEXT WEEK &IRST HE IS VISITING 7ASHINGTON $# AND THEN HE IS ATTENDING A
#ONFERENCE IN (OUSTON 4EXAS 7RITE SENTENCES INDICATING $R .OVOA|S ACTIVITIES IN 7ASHINGTON AND IN
(OUSTON 5SE THE INFORMATION GIVEN BELOW
$R .OVOA|S 3CHEDULE
-ON -EETING AT THE 53 -EDICAL !SSN
2ECEPTION AT THE 7HITE (OUSE
4HURS &LY TO (OUSTON 4EXAS
#ONFERENCE AT (OUSTON -EDICAL #ENTER
4UES 0LAY TENNIS WITH $R "ROWN
#EREMONY AT ,INCOLN -EMORIAL
$INNER PARTY AT 53 3URGEONS #LUB
&RI
#ONFERENCE .ASA 3PACE #ENTER
,UNCH WITH FRIENDS AT 7ALDORF (OTEL
&LY BACK TO 7ASHINGTON $#
7ED 6ISIT "ETHESDA -EDICAL #ENTER
#ONCERT AT +ENNEDY #ENTER
3AT
&LY BACK TO #HILE 5NITED !IRLINES &LIGHT
FROM .ATIONAL !IRPORT
.OW COMPLETE THE SENTENCES USING THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN THE CHART !S YOU CAN SEE $R .OVOA WILL HAVE A
VERY BUSY WEEK NEXT WEEK
/N -ONDAY MORNING HE|S ATTENDING A MEETING AT THE 53 -EDICAL !SSOCIATION
/N -ONDAY EVENING HE|S ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E|S ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ON 4UESDAY MORNING
!FTER THAT HE ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
)N THE EVENING ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
/N 7EDNESDAY MORNING ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
!FTER DINNER ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
!T !- ON 4HURSDAY HE ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
/N 4HURSDAY AFTERNOON HE ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
/N &RIDAY MORNING HE ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? AT .ASA 3PACE #ENTER
!T MIDDAY HE|S ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? AT THE 7ALDORF (OTEL
2IGHT AFTER LUNCH AT HE ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E IS ARRIVING IN 7ASHINGTON $# LATE IN THE EVENING
!T ON 3ATURDAY $R .OVOA ????????????????????????????BACK TO #HILE (E IS ARRIVING AT !RTURO -ERINO
!IRPORT AT ABOUT
%X !NSWER THESE QUESTIONS IN %NGLISH -AKE COMPLETE SENTENCES
7HAT ARE YOU DOING THIS EVENING
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
7HERE ARE YOU GOING ON VACATION THIS YEAR
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
7HAT ARE YOU DOING NEXT &RIDAY EVENING
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
7HEN ARE YOUR FRIENDS FROM .EW 9ORK COMING TO VISIT YOU ????????????????????????????????????????????
(OW IS -R *ACKSON TRAVELLING TO *APAN BY BOAT OR PLANE ?????????????????????????????????????????????
7HAT ARE YOU DOING ON 3ATURDAY
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
7HAT TIME ARE YOU GETTING HOME TONIGHT
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%X 4RANSLATE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO %NGLISH
-ARY VENDR A VERNOS LA PRXIMA SEMANA
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
%LLOS VAN A ESTAR CON NOSOTROS VARIOS DAS
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
%STA NOCHE TENEMOS PREVISTO CENAR CON -R *ONES ???????????????????????????????????????????????????
9O NO VOY A SALIR DE 3TGO ESTE lN DE SEMANA ???????????????????????????????????????????????????
4E PROMETO QUE NO HAR ESO NUEVAMENTE
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
#REO QUE ELLA NO VA A ACEPTAR NUESTRA INVITACIN ???????????????????????????????????????????????????
z1U HARN ELLOS CON EL DINERO QUE RECIBIERON ???????????????????????????????????????????????????
z#UANDO TIENEN ELLOS PREVISTO VIAJAR A LOS %%55 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????
z! QUE HORA VAS A LLEGAR DEL TRABAJO ESTA TARDE ???????????????????????????????????????????????????
3EGN EL ITINERARIO zA QUE HORA VAMOS A LLEGAR ALL ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
0!24 )) -/$!, 6%2"3 )
! #!. -534 -!9 3(/5,$/5'(4 4/
%STOS 6ERBOS -ODALES TAMBIN LLAMADOS DEFECTIVOS O ESPECIALES TIENEN LOS SIGUIENTES SIGNIlCADOS
3PANISH
3YNONYM
%XAMPLE
#!.
0/$%2 SER CAPAZ DE
0/$%2 SER POSIBLE
0/$%2 TENER PERMISO PARA
)NFORMAL
"E ABLE TO
"E POSSIBLE TO
"E ALLOWED TO
"OB CAN SWIM WELL
"OB IS ABLE TO SWIM WELL
9OU CAN SEE THE LAKE FROM HERE
)T|S POSSIBLE FOR YOU TO SEE
THE LAKE FROM HERE
9OU CAN USE MY COMPUTER "OB
9OU ARE ALLOWED TO USE MY
COMPUTER
-534
$%"%2 TENER QUE OBLIGACIN
NECESIDADAD
$%"%2 TENER QUE DEDUCCIN
CONCLUSIN
HAVE TO
9OU MUST OBEY ORDERS
9OU HAVE TO OBEY ORDERS
(E MUST BE OVER YEARS OLD
) THINK ASSUME HE IS OVER
0/$%2 TENER PERMISO FORMAL
0/$%2 SER POSIBLE O PROBABLE
BE ALLOWED TO
-!9
) THINK ) ASSUME
BE LIKELY TO PROBABLY
3(/5,$
/5'(4 4/
$%"%2! CONSEJO
RECOMENDACIN
BE ADVISABLE TO
CONVENIENT HAD BETTER
9OU MAY LEAVE NOW
9OU ARE ALLOWED TO LEAVE
NOW
)T MAY RAIN TOMORROW
)T IS LIKELY TO RAIN TOMORROW
)T|LL PROBABLY RAIN TOMORROW
9OU SHOULD STUDY EVERY DAY
9OU OUGHT TO STUDY EVERY DAY
)T IS CONVENIENT FOR YOU TO
STUDY EVERY DAY
9OU HAD BETTER STUDY EVERY DAY
%STOS VERBOS MODALES O ESPECIALES ACOMPAAN A UN VERBO PRINCIPAL Y TIENEN LAS SIGUIENTES CARACTERSTICAS
s
s
s
s
s
6AN SEGUIDOS DE UN INlNITIVO SIN 4/ EXCEPTO /5'(4 4/
%J (E CAN SWIM WELL .O SE DEBE DECIR h(E CAN TO SWIMv
.O AGREGAN
S EN LA TERCERA PERSONA SINGULAR EN EL TIEMPO PRESENTE
%J (E CAN SWIM WELL .O SE DEBE DECIR h(E CANS SWIM WELLv
.IEGAN AGREGANDO LA PALABRA ./4 FORMANDO EN ALGUNOS CASOS UNA CONTRACCIN
%J (E CANNOT CAN|T SWIM WELL CANNOT ES EL NICO CASO EN QUE EL VERBO MODAL Y NOT VAN UNIDOS
)NTERROGAN MEDIANTE SIMPLE INVERSIN CON EL SUJETO
%J #AN HE SWIM WELL
2ARA VEZ SE USA EL VERBO MODAL /5'(4 4/ EN ORACIONES NEGATIVAS O INTERROGATIVAS
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%STOS VERBOS TIENEN LOS SIGUIENTES SIGNIlCADOS Y USOS
#AN
0ODER
0ARA INDICAR CAPACIDAD HABILIDAD O *OHN CAN SWIM VERY WELL *OHN PUEDE NADAR BIEN
DESTREZA
-ARY CAN|T PLAY THE GUITAR-ARY NO PUEDE TOCAR LA GUITARRA
#AN YOU SPEAK %NGLISH z0UEDE 5D HABLAR )NGLS
0ARA INDICAR QUE LA POSIBILIDAD PARA 9OU CAN SEE THE LAKE FROM THIS WINDOW 5D PUEDE VER EL LAGO DESDE
HACER ALGO
ESTA VENTANA
7E CAN|T USE THE ELEVATOR NOW )T|S OUT OF ORDER.O PODEMOS USAR
EL ASCENSOR AHORA %ST DESCOMPUESTO
)NFORMAL 0ARA DAR O PEDIR PERMISO O 9OU CAN LEAVE NOW 0ETER 0UEDES RETIRARTE AHORA 0ETER
AUTORIZACIN
#AN ) TURN ON THE 46 DAD z0UEDO ENCENDER EL TELEVISOR PAP
.EGATIVE 0ARA INDICAR INCREDULIDAD O 4HAT CAN|T BE TRUE %SO NO PUEDE SER CIERTO
ASOMBRO
) CAN|T BELIEVE MY EYES .O PUEDO CREER LO QUE ESTOY VIENDO
-UST
$EBER
0ARA INDICAR OBLIGACIN
9OU MUST OBEY ALL TRAFlC REGULATIONS 5D DEBE OBEDECER LAS LEYES
DEL TRNSITO
3TUDENTS MUSTN|T SMOKE IN THE LABORATORY ,OS ALUMNOS NO DEBEN
FUMAR EN EL LABORATORIO
0OSITIVE 0ARA INDICAR SUPOSICIN O (E|S WEARING A GREEN UNIFORM (E MUST BE A POLICEMAN
DEDUCCIN
%L EST USANDO UN UNIFORME VERDE $EBE SER UN POLICA
!SK THE SECRETARY 3HE MUST KNOW WHERE -R *ACKSON IS NOW 0REGNTELE
A LA SECRETARIA %LLA DEBE SABER DNDE EST EL 3R +ACKSON AHORA
0ARA EXPRESAR INCREDULIDAD O ASOMBRO
-AY
0ODER
9OU MUST BE JOKING $EBES ESTAR BROMEANDO
)T MUST BE A MISTAKE $EBE SER UN ERROR
FORMAL 0ARA PEDIR O DAR PERMISO O 9OU MAY LEAVE NOW IF YOU WISH 5D PUEDE RETIRARSE SI LO DESEA
AUTORIZACIN
9OU MAY NOT USE THIS TELEPHONE AT ANY TIME 5DS .O PUEDEN USAR
ESTE TELFONO A NINGUNA HORA
-AY ) SMOKE HERE 3IR z0UEDO FUMAR AQU 3R
0ARA INDICAR POSIBILIDAD O PROBABILIDAD
)T|S GETTING CLOUDY )T MAY RAIN TOMORROW 3E EST NUBLANDO 0UEDE
QUE LLUEVA MAANA
$ON|T GET ON THAT CHAIR 4OMMY 9OU MAY FALL DOWN AND BREAK AN
ARM .O TE SUBAS A ESA SILLA 4OMMY 4E PUEDES CAER Y QUEBRAR UN
BRAZO
#IGARETTE SMOKING MAY CAUSE CANCER &UMAR CIGARRILLOS PUEDE
PRODUCIR CANCER
3HOULD
/UGHT 4O
$EBERA
0ARA DAR CONSEJOS REPROCHAR O INDICAR 9OU DON|T LOOK WELL ) THINK THAT YOU SHOULD SEE A DOCTOR YOU OUGHT
TO SEE A DOCTOR IU T TU S E DKTOR .O TE VES BIEN #REO QUE
UN DEBER MORAL
DEBERAS VER UN MDICO
9OU SHOULD NOT SMOKE SO MUCH *OE )T|S NOT GOOD FOR YOUR HEALTH
.O DEBERA FUMAR TANTO .O ES BUENO PARA TU SALUD
9OU SHOULD FEEL PROUD OF BEING A #HILEAN $EBERAS SENTIRTE ORGULLOSO
DE SER CHILENO
%8%2#)3%3
%X #OMPLETE THE BLANKS WITH #!. -534 -!9 O 3(/5,$ SEGN CORRESPONDA
'ENTLEMEN YOU ???????????? ASK QUESTIONS AT THE END OF THE PRESENTATION IF YOU LIKE
(E IS A RETIRED CIVIL SERVANT (E ???????????? BE OVER YEARS OLD NOW
9OU ???????????? STUDY HARDER IF YOU WANT TO GET BETTER GRADES
) JUST PUT ON MY GLASSES .OW ) ???????????? READ BETTER
9OU ???????????? HAVE A PASSPORT AND A VISA TO ENTER THE 5NITED 3TATES
9OU ???????????? TAKE YOUR UMBRELLA IN CASE IT RAINS THIS AFTERNOON *OHN
???????????? ) USE YOUR PEN PLEASE 3IR
???????????? ) HAVE ANOTHER PIECE OF CAKE MOTHER
9OU ???????????? NOT DO THAT AGAIN )T|S DANGEROUS 9OU ???????????? EASILY FALL AND BREAK YOUR LEG
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
9OU ???????????? BE PUNCTUAL FOR THE MEETING 4HE BOSS GETS VERY ANGRY WHEN PEOPLE ARE LATE
4HE MAN IS VERY STRONG (E ???????????? LIFT THAT HEAVY BOX EASILY
(E ????????????N|T BE AN ENGINEER (E IS ONLY YEARS OLD
-ISS #LARK ???????????? TYPE FAST BUT SHE ????????????N|T USE A COMPUTER
4HE LITTLE BIRD ????????????N|T mY YET )T|S TOO YOUNG
9OU ???????????? COME AND VISIT US ANY DAY *OHN 9OU|LL BE WELCOME TO OUR HOME
7HY DON|T YOU PHONE AT HIS HOME (E ???????????? BE THERE (E SOMETIMES GOES HOME FOR LUNCH
7HY DON|T YOU GIVE THEM SOME MORE MONEY 9OU ???????????? BE MORE GENEROUS 4HEY|RE VERY POOR
7HAT ???????????? ) DO IN ORDER TO IMPROVE MY PRONUNCIATION PROFESSOR
9OU ???????????? PAY BY CREDIT CARD OR BY CHEQUE7E DON|T ACCEPT CASH
9OU ARE TOO FAT "ILLY ) THINK YOU ???????????? GO ON A DIET
)T|S ALMOST MIDNIGHT NOW 4HEY ???????????? BE SLEEPING AT THIS TIME
9OU ???????????? INSERT TWO COINS IN THE SLOT IF YOU WANT TO USE THE TELEPHONE
) DON|T KNOW WHY THEY|RE TALKING 4HEY ???????????? BE WORKING INSTEAD
(E ????????????N|T BE DRIVING THE CAR (E DOESN|T KNOW HOW TO START A CAR
%X #HANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO A NEGATIVE B INTERROGATIVE AND C 7H
QUESTION
"OB CAN SPEAK THREE LANGUAGES
4HEY SHOULD TAKE A TAXI
7E MUST GO BECAUSE IT|S LATE
4HEY MAY USE 2OOM
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%X 4RANSLATE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO %NGLISH
5DS PUEDEN FUMAR AQU
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
%L PUEDE CORRER MUY RPIDO
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! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
$EBIDO A QUE EL VERBO MODAL -534 NO TIENE UNA FORMA PARA EXPRESAR EL PASADO NI TAMPOCO SE PUEDE USAR EN OTROS
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7E MUST WRITE A COMPOSITION EACH NIGHT
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7E MUST PREPARE OUR LESSONS EVERY NIGHT
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*OHN MUST ALSO TAKE ANOTHER LANGUAGE
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! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
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! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
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"!3)# 6/#!"5,!29
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! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
4)-% %802%33)/.3 TIM IKSPRSH NZ %XPRESIONES DE 4IEMPO
NOW NU
AT THIS MOMENT AT E MUMENT
AT PRESENT AT PRZENT
FOR THE TIME BEING FOR E TIM BII
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TODAY TUDI
YESTERDAY YSTERDI
TOMORROW TUMROU
THIS MORNING IS MRNI
THIS AFTERNOON IS AFTERNN
THIS EVENING IS VNI
TONIGHT TUNIT
TOMORROW MORNING TUMROU MNI
YESTERDAY AFTERNOON YSTERDI AFTERNN
LAST NIGHT LAST NIT
LAST WEEK LAST WK
NEXT -ONDAY NEKST MNDI
LAST 4UESDAY MORNING LAST TUZDI MRNI
NEXT 3UNDAY AFTERNOON NEKST SNDI AFTERNN
THE DAY AFTER TOMORROW E DI AFTER TUMROU
THE DAY BEFORE YESTERDAY E DI BIFR ISTERDI
IN THE MORNING IN E MRNI
IN THE AFTERNOON IN I AFTERNN
IN THE EVENING IN I VNI
AT NIGHT AT NIT
A WEEK NEXT -ONDAY E WK NEKS MNDI
A WEEK LAST 3UNDAY E WK LAST SNDI
IN $ECEMBER LAST YEAR IN DISMBER LAST YAR
IN THE SUMMER OF IN E SMER OV NINTIN SVENTI SKS
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EVERY MONTH VRI MN
EVERY YEAR VRI YAR
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EVERY OTHER DAY VRI ER DI
EVERY OTHER THREE DAYS VRI ER R DIZ
ONCE A DAY WANS E DI
TWICE A WEEK TWIS E WK
SEVERAL TIMES A MONTH SVRAL TIMZ E MN
MANY TIMES A YEAR MNI TIMZ E YAR
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! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
AHORA
EN ESTE MOMENTO
EN LA ACTUALIDAD
TRANSITORIAMENTE POR AHORA
AHORA MISMO
HOY DA
AYER
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EL LUNES SUBSIGUIENTE
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! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
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+EY TO ANSWERS
5.)4
0!24 )
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! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%X 7HEN 7HAT TIME DID HE HAVE TO LEAVE 7HAT TIME DO WE YOU HAVE TO GET UP EVERY MORNING 7HAT
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! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
5.)4
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TOMORROW AT IS TIM TUMROUv A ESTA HORA MAANA
%SCUCHE LEA Y APRENDA
7E WILL BE HAVING LUNCH AT O|CLOCK TOMORROW WI WIL B HVI LNTCH AT WN OKLK TUMROU .OSOTROS ESTAREMOS ALMORZANDO
A LA UNA MAANA
4HEY WILL BE WORKING IN THE LABORATORY AT THIS TIME NEXT -ONDAY I WIL B WRKI IN E LABRATRI AT IS TIM NKST MNDI %LLOS
ESTARN TRABAJANDO EN EL LABORATORIO A ESTA HORA EL PRXIMO LUNES
,YNDA WILL BE TRAVELLING IN %UROPE AT THIS TIME NEXT MONTH LNDA WIL B TRVELI IN IROP AT IS TIM NKST MN ,YNDA ESTAR
VIAJANDO EN %UROPA EN ESTA FECHA EL PRXIMO MES
4HE CHILDREN WILL BE SLEEPING WHEN THE PROGRAM STARTS TONIGHT E TCHLDREN WIL B SLPI WEN E PRUGRAM STRTS TUNIT ,OS
NIOS ESTARN DURMIENDO CUANDO EL PROGRAMA COMIENCE ESTA NOCHE
4HE 0RESIDENT WILL BE mYING TO 4OKYO AT THIS TIME ON 4UESDAY E PRZIDENT WIL B mII TU TKIOU AT IS TIM ON TIZDI %L 0RESIDENTE
ESTAR VOLANDO HACIA 4OKIO A ESTA HORA EL MARTES
,A FORMA NEGATIVA Y LA FORMA INTERROGATIVA SE EXPRESA COMO EN EL TIEMPO FUTURO SIMPLE ES DECIR CON 7),, ./4
7/.|4 EN LAS NEGACIONES E INVIRTIENDO EL ORDEN DEL SUJETO CON EL MODAL 7),, EN LAS INTERROGACIONES
%SCUCHE LEA Y APRENDA
4HEY WON|T BE WORKING IN THE LABORATORY AT THIS TIME NEXT -ONDAY I WUNT B WRKI IN E LABRATRI AT IS TIM NKST MNDI
4HE CHILDREN WILL NOT BE SLEEPING WHEN THE PROGRAM STARTS TONIGHT E TCHLDREN WIL NT B SLPI WEN E PRUGRAM STRTS TUNIT
7ILL THEY BE TRAVELLING IN %UROPE AT THIS TIME NEXT MONTH WL I B TRVELI IN IROP AT IS TIM NKST MN
7HAT WILL THE 0RESIDENT BE DOING AT THIS TIME ON 4UESDAY WT WIL E PRZIDENT B DI AT IS TIM ON TUZDI
,A PREGUNTA HABITUAL EN ESTE TIEMPO ES
7(!4 7),, 9/5 "% $/).' WT WIL I B DI z1U ESTAR HACIENDO UD
%8%2#)3%3
%X #OMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING THE VERBS GIVEN IN PARENTHESES IN THE &UTURE #ONTINUOUS 4ENSE
!T O|CLOCK TOMORROW MORNING ) ???????????????????????? HERE WORK
!T THIS TIME NEXT MONTH WE ???????????????????????? IN THE 53! TRAVEL
) ???????????????????????? TO WORK AT THIS TIME TOMORROW MORNING DRIVE
4HE "ROWNS ???????????????????????? SOME FRIENDS AT THIS EVENING ENTERTAIN
-R 3COTT AND HIS FRIENDS ????????????????????????4ORONTO NEXT WEEKEND VISIT
*ANE ???????????????????????? THE SHOPPING AT MIDDAY TODAY DO
7E???????????????????????? SOCCER AT THIS TIME NEXT 3ATURDAY PLAY
4HE STUDENTS ???????????????????????? IN THE GYM AFTER THIS EVENING WORK OUT
) ???????????????????????? TELEVISION WHEN YOU COME HOME TONIGHT WATCH
7HAT ????????????? YOU ???????????????????????? AT THIS TIME TOMORROW DO
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%X #HANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO A NEGATIVE AND B INTERROGATIVE
4HEY|LL BE RUNNING UP THE HILL AT MIDDAY
(ANS WILL BE WORKING ALL MORNING TOMORROW
4HE STUDENTS WILL BE TAKING A TEST AT
-IKE WILL BE WASHING HIS CAR IN THE MORNING
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X !SK QUESTIONS USING QUESTION WORDS LIKE 7HAT 7HERE (OW LONG ETC
4HEY|LL BE HAVING DINNER AT THIS EVENING
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
*ANET WILL BE TRAVELLING IN !SIA FOR WEEKS
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
)|LL BE WORKING IN THE LAB TOMORROW MORNING
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
*IM WON|T BE WORKING TOMORROW BECAUSE IT|S A HOLIDAY ???????????????????????????????????????????????????
)|LL BE STAYING AT THE #ARLTON (OTEL IN ,ONDON
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE TRAIN WILL BE ARRIVING AT TOMORROW
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
-R *ACKSON WILL BE ATTENDING A MEETING AT THIS TIME ON 4HURSDAY ??????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
-Y FRIENDS WILL BE TAKING THEIR lNAL EXAMS BY THIS TIME NEXT MONTH ?????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X 5SE THE VERBS PROVIDED IN THE 3IMPLE &UTURE OR THE &UTURE #ONTNUOUS 4ENSE
4HEY ???????????????????????? DINNER AT THIS EVENING HAVE
4HEY ???????????????????????? "RAZIL NEXT MONTH VISIT
!T THIS TIME TOMORROW WE ???????????????????????? OF COURSE WORK
-R 3MITH ???????? NOT ?????????????????? HOME FOR DINNER TONIGHT COME
4HEY ???????????????????????? IN "OSTON AT THIS TIME NEXT YEAR LIVE
4HEY ???????????????????????? AT A #HINESE RESTAURANT TONIGHT HAVE DINNER
-ARY ???????????????????????? DINNER WHEN *OHN GETS HOME TONIGHT COOK
7HERE ????????? THEY ???????????????????????? WHEN THEY VISIT 0ARIS IN *UNE STAY
7HAT ??????????????? YOU ???????????????????????? AT MIDDAY ON 3UNDAY DO
??????????? THEY ???????????????????????? THEIR HOLIDAYS IN #HILE AGAIN NEXT YEAR SPEND
%X 2EVIEW 0RACTICE 5SE THE PROPER VERB TENSE OF THE VERBS PROVIDED 5SE THE 0RESENT THE 0AST OR THE &UTURE
TENSES IN THEIR 3IMPLE OR #ONTNUOUS FORMS
,ISTEN -ARY ?????????????????????????????? THE PIANO NOW PLAY
7E ???????????????????????? OUR VACATION IN -AJORCA NEXT YEAR SPEND
!T LAST NIGHT WE ?????????????????????????????? TELEVISION WATCH
*OHN USUALLY ?????????????????????????????? HERE ON 4UESDAY COME
-R (ELMS ???????????????????????? A VERY GOOD MOVIE LAST NIGHT SEE
4HEY ????????? NOT ???????????????????????? %NGLISH VERY OFTEN PRACTISE
7HAT ??????????? YOU ???????????????????????? AT THIS TIME YESTERDAY DO
4HEY ???????????? NOT ???????????????????????? THE STORY AT THE MOMENT READ
7HAT ????????????? THE *OHNSONS ???????????????????????? LAST 3ATURDAY DO
7??????????? -ARY ???????????????????????? AT THIS TIME TOMORROW DO
???????????? N|T YOU ???????????????????????? THE NEWSPAPER THIS MORNING BUY
*ANE ?????????? N|T ?????????????????????????? TO SEE ME EVERY DAY COME
???????????? YOU ALWAYS ???????????????????????? HOME AT MIDDAY PHONE
????????? YOUR FRIENDS ??????????????????YOU WHEN YOU ARRIVED AT THEIR HOME YESTERDAY EXPECT
7HERE ??????????????? THEY ?????????????????? WHEN 7ORLD 7AR )) STARTED LIVE
(OW OFTEN ???????? YOUR FRIEND ????????????????????????TO YOU WRITE
7HAT TIME ?????????????????? YOU ?????????????????? THIS MORNING GET UP
7HAT TIME ?????????????????? YOU ??????????????????HERE TOMORROW BE
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
4HEY ??????????????N|T ???????????????????????? OUT TONIGHT BECAUSE IT|S TOO COLD GO
7HEN ?????????????THE *OHNSONS???????????????????????? TODAY OR TOMORROW ARRIVE
(OW LONG ?????????? YOU ???????????????????????? AT THE HOTEL THIS TIME TWO OR THREE NIGHTS STAY
7ALTER NEVER ?????????????????????????????? IN BED AS A RULE SMOKE
! 7HY???????? YOU ???????????????????????? YOUR SWEATER YESTERDAY PUT ON
" "ECAUSE IT WAS TOO COLD
! 7HY ????????N|T (ELEN ????????????????????? ABROAD ON HER VACATION LAST SUMMER TRAVEL
" "ECAUSE SHE HATES mYING
0!24 ))
! -!+).' 2%15%343
3/,)#)4!.$/ 3%26)#)/3 / &!6/2%3
0ARA SOLICITAR QUE UNA PERSONA HAGA ALGN SERVICIO O FAVOR GENERALMENTE SE USAN LAS SIGUIENTES FRMULAS
s
s
s
s
s
s
#AN YOU INlNITIVEPLEASE )NFORMAL
7ILL YOU INlNITIVE PLEASE )NFORMAL
)MPERATIVE PLEASE WILL YOU )NFORMAL
#OULD YOU INlNITIVE PLEASE &ORMAL
7OULD YOU INlNITIVE PLEASE &ORMAL
7OULD YOU MIND ING PLEASE -UY FORMAL
#AN YOU OPEN THE DOOR PLEASE
7ILL YOU HELP ME PLEASE
,ISTEN TO ME PLEASE WILL YOU
#OULD YOU SPEAK MORE SLOWLY PLEASE
7OULD YOU SIGN YOUR NAME HERE PLEASE
7OULD YOU MIND WAITING OUTSIDE PLEASE
.ORMALMENTE ESTAS SOLICITUDES SE RESPONDEN CON EXPRESIONES COMO LAS SIGUIENTES
s 7ITH PLEASURE WI PLLLAR #ON MUCHO GUSTO
s 3URE SHAR SEGURO
s #ERTAINLY SRTENLI 0OR CIERTO
s /F COURSE OV KRZ 0OR SUPUESTO
%SCUCHE LEA Y APRENDA
! #OULD YOU HELP ME PLEASE
" 7ITH PLEASURE
! 7ILL YOU LEND ME YOUR PEN PLEASE
" 3URE
%8%2#)3%3
%X !SK SOMEBODY TO DO THE FOLLOWING THINGS USING #AN YOU PLEASE OR 7ILL YOUPLEASE INSTEAD OF
THE SIMPLE IMPERATIVE FORM INSTEAD OF EN VEZ DE
3PEAK MORE SLOWLY
(ELP ME OPEN THE SUITCASE
/PEN THE WINDOW
#OME BACK THIS AFTERNOON
0AY ATTENTION
"E QUIET
3IT ON THIS CHAIR
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
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???????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X !SK SOMEBODY TO DO THE FOLLOWING THINGS USING #OULD YOUPLEASE OR 7OULD YOU PLEASE
3PEAK MORE SLOWLY
7AIT FOR ME IN THE LOBBY
2EPEAT YOUR QUESTION
3IGN YOUR NAME HERE
4URN THE RADIO DOWN
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
4AKE OFF YOUR HAT
5SE THE OTHER ELEVATOR
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X 2EPEAT THE PREVIOUS EXERCISE USING THE POLITE FORM 7OULD YOU MINDING PLEASE
3PEAK MORE SLOWLY
7AIT FOR ME IN THE LOBBY
2EPEAT YOUR QUESTION
3IGN YOUR NAME HERE
4URN THE RADIO DOWN
4AKE OFF YOUR HAT
5SE THE OTHER ELEVATOR
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
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???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X -AKE REQUESTS &OLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY
9OU WANT 3R 0EREZ TO HELP YOU TRANSLATE THIS LETTER INTO 3PANISH !SK HIM
9OU ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
0ETER 7ITH 0LEASURE
9OU WANT A FRIEND TO GIVE YOU A HAND HELP YOU !SK HIM
9OU ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? *OHN
*OHN #ERTAINLY
9OU WANT SOMEBODY TO SPELL HISHER SURNAME FOR YOU !SK HIMHER POLITELY
9OU ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E3HE 9ES OF COURSE 3
-
)
4
( 3MITH
9OU WANT -ARA TO CALL YOU UP TOMORROW MORNING !SK HER TO DO THAT INFORMALLY
9OU -ARA ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
-ARA 9ES CERTAINLY !T WHAT TIME DO YOU WANT ME TO CALL YOU UP
9OU WANT YOUR BROTHER 4OM TO TURN DOWN THE RADIO !SK HIM
9OU ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 4OM
4OM /F COURSE ) DIDN|T KNOW YOU WERE STUDYING
9OU WANT A STRANGER TO SHOW YOU THE WAY TO THE RAILWAY STATION !SK HIM
9OU ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? PLEASE
3TRANGER 3URE 7ALK ALONG THIS STREET AS FAR AS THE TRAFlC LIGHTS AND THEN TURN LEFT
" !3+).' &/2 0%2-)33)/. 3/,)#)4!.$/ 0%2-)3/
0ARA SOLICITAR PERMISO PARA HACER ALGO DEBEMOS USAR LAS SIGUIENTES FRMULAS
s
s
s
s
#AN ) )NlNITIVE )NFORMAL
-AY ) )NlNITIVE &ORMAL
$O YOU MIND IF ) )NlNITIVE &ORMAL
7OULD YOU ALLOW ME TO )NlNITIVE &ORMAL
#AN ) OPEN THE DOOR
-AY ) ASK A QUESTION
$O YOU MIND IF ) SMOKE
7OULD YOU ALLOW ME TO USE THE PHONE
.ORMALMENTE ESTAS SOLICITUDES SE RESPONDEN CON EXPRESIONES COMO
s 3URE GO AHEAD
s 0LEASE DO
s 0LEASE DON|T
%SCUCHE LEA Y APRENDA
! #AN ) USE YOUR COMPUTER *OHN
" 3URE GO AHEAD
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
! $O YOU MIND IF ) OPEN THE WINDOW
" 0LEASE DON|T )T|S TOO COLD
%8%2#)3%3
%X !SK PERMISSION TO DO THINGS &OLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY
9OU WANT TO TURN ON THE 46 !SK YOUR MOTHER|S PERMISSION
9OU ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? MUM
9OUR MOTHER 9ES BUT KEEP THE VOLUME DOWN PLEASE )|M WORKING
9OU ARE A VISITOR AND YOU WANT TO USE THE TELEPHONE !SK YOUR HOST|S PERMISSION
9OU ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
(OST 3URE GO AHEAD
9OU|RE AT A CONFERENCE 9OU WANT TO ASK A QUESTION !SK THE SPEAKER|S PERMISSION
9OU ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
3PEAKER #ERTAINLY 0LEASE USE THE MICROPHONE SO EVERYONE CAN HEAR YOUR QUESTION PLEASE
9OU WANT TO USE YOUR FRIEND|S LIGHTER !SK HIS PERMISSION
9OU ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? "OB
"OB 3URE HERE YOU ARE
9OU|RE SITTING NEXT TO AN OLD MAN ON THE BUS 9OU WANT TO OPEN THE WINDOW !SK HIS PERMISSION
9OU ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 3IR
/LD MAN 0LEASE DON|T OPEN IT )|VE GOT A BAD COLD
9OU ARE AT A FRIEND|S HOUSE 9OU WANT TO TAKE A LOOK AT HIS NEWSPAPER !SK HIS PERMISSION
9OU ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? *ACK
*ACK )T|S ALL YOURS ) DON|T NEED IT NOW ) READ IT THIS MORNING
-R *ACKSON IS WORKING IN HIS OFlCE 9OU WANT TO GO IN !SK HIS PERMISSION
9OU ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? -R *ACKSON
-R *ACKSON 3URE COME IN PLEASE
# /&&%2).' 4/ $/ 3/-%4().' /&2%#)%.$/3% ! (!#%2 !,'/
#UANDO NOS OFRECEMOS A HACER ALGO POR ALGUIEN PODEMOS USAR LAS SIGUIENTES ESTRUCTURAS
s 3HALL ) )NlNITIVE
s $O YOU WANT ME TO )NlNITIVE
s 7OULD YOU LIKE ME TO )NlNITIVE
3HALL ) HELP YOU
$O YOU WANT ME TO GET YOU A TAXI
7OULD YOU LIKE ME TO CARRY YOUR BAGS TO THE ROOM 3IR
.ORMALMENTE ESTOS OFRECIMIENTOS SE RESPONDEN CON EXPRESIONES COMO
s 9ES PLEASE
s .O THANK YOU ) CAN DO IT MYSELF ) CAN MANAGE IT MYSELF
%8%2#)3%3
%X /FFER YOURSELF TO DO THESE THINGS
TO TURN THE LIGHT ON
3HALL ) ????????????????????????????????????????????
9ES PLEASE )T|S GETTING DARK
TO SPELL YOUR LAST NAME
$O YOU WANT ME TO ?????????????????????????????????
9ES PLEASE DO -Y 3PANISH IS NOT VERY GOOD
TO SHUT THE WINDOW
3HALL ) ????????????????????????????????????????????
9ES PLEASE )T|S TOO COLD OUTSIDE
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
TO GET ME SOME COFFEE AND A SANDWICH
7OULD YOU LIKE ME TO ???????????????????????????????
9ES PLEASE )|M A LITTLE HUNGRY
TO REPEAT YOUR QUESTION
$O YOU WANT ME TO ?????????????????????????????????
.O THANKS )T|S NOT NECESSARY
TO SPEAK MORE SLOWLY
7OULD YOU LIKE ME TO ???????????????????????????????
9ES PLEASE ) DON|T UNDERSTAND %NGLISH VERY WELL YET
TO CALL BACK LATER TODAY
3HALL ) ????????????????????????????????????????????
0LEASE DO )|M A BIT BUSY RIGHT NOW
TO HELP ME COMPLETE THE APPLICATION FORM
$O YOU WANT ME TO ?????????????????????????????????
.O THANKS ) CAN MANAGE MYSELF
TO TELL -ARY THAT ) WANT TO SEE HER
3HALL ) ????????????????????????????????????????????
9ES PLEASE ) NEED TO TELL HER SOMETHING
TO TRANSLATE THIS LETTER INTO %NGLISH
7OULD YOU LIKE ME TO ???????????????????????????????
9ES PLEASE ) DON|T UNDERSTAND &RENCH
$ ).6)4).' /2 35''%34).' 4/ $/ 3/-%4().' 4/'%4(%2 ).6)4!.$/ / 35')2)%.$/ (!#%2 !,'/ %.
#/.*5.4/
0ARA INVITAR O SUGERIR UNA ACCIN CONJUNTA NORMALMENTE SE USAN EXPRESIONES COMO ESTAS
s
s
s
s
s
s
3HALL WE INlNITIVE
$O YOU WANT TO )NlNITIVE
7OULD YOU LIKE TO INlNITIVE
7HY DON|T WE )NlNITIVE
(OW ABOUT ING
,ET|S INlNITIVE
3HALL WE GO TO A DISCO THIS EVENING
$O YOU WANT TO PLAY CARDS NOW
7OULD YOU LIKE TO HAVE DINNER WITH US TONIGHT
7HY DON|T WE SIT DOWN AND TALK FOR A WHILE
(OW ABOUT GOING OUT FOR A WALK
,ET|S TAKE A WALK AFTER DINNER
,AS INVITACIONES O SUGERENCIAS DE ESTE TIPO SE RESPONDEN CON EXPRESIONES COMO LAS SIGUIENTES
s
s
s
s
'OOD IDEA ,ET|S DO THAT
3URE 7HY NOT
9ES CERTAINLY 9ES OF COURSE
3ORRY ) CAN|T )|M TOO BUSY )T|S TOO LATE ) HAVE TO STUDY FOR A TEST ETC
%8%2#)3%3
%X )NVITE OR SUGGEST YOUR FRIENDS TO DO THE FOLLOWING ACTIVITIES TOGETHER
4O GO TO THE MOVIES AFTER DINNER TONIGHT
7HY ?????????????????????????????????????????????
'OOD IDEA ,ET|S DO THAT
4O GO TO THE SEASIDE NEXT WEEKEND
,ET|S ???????????????????????????????????????????????
9ES THAT|S A GOOD IDEA
4O SIT ON THE GRASS AND REST FOR A WHILE
(OW ABOUT ???????????????????????????????????????
) DON|T THINK WE SHOULD )T|S GETTING LATE
4O SPEND THE SUMMER HOLIDAYS WITH US
7OULD YOU ????????????????????????????????????????
/F COURSE 7E|D LOVE TO
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
4O INVITE THE 3MITHS TO DINNER ONE EVENING
7HY ?????????????????????????????????????????????
3URE 7HY NOT 4HEY|RE VERY NICE PEOPLE
4O PLAY TENNIS TOMORROW MORNING
,ET|S ???????????????????????????????????????????????
9ES LET|S DO THAT )|LL BE FREE ALL MORNING TOMORROW
4O TRAVEL BY BOAT INSTEAD OF BY PLANE
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
) THINK WE SHOULD TRAVEL BY PLANE )T|S MUCH CHEAPER
4O STAY AT HOME AND WATCH 46
(OW ABOUT ???????????????????????????????????????
)|D RATHER PREFERIRA GO OUT FOR A WALK )T|S A PLEASANT EVENING
4O GO TO THE ARTS EXHIBITION
7OULD YOU ????????????????????????????????????????
9ES )|D LOVE TO )T|S A VERY INTERESTING EXHIBITION
4O TAKE A TAXI TO THE AIRPORT
7HY ?????????????????????????????????????????????
9ES LET|S DO THAT OR ELSE WE|LL MISS OUR PLANE
0!24 )))
! !,3/ 4// !3 7%,, !.$ 3/ 4!-"). ./4 %)4(%2 !.$ .%)4(%2 ./2 4!-0/#/ "54 0%2/
3TUDY THE FOLLOWING CHART
!LSO
4OO
!S WELL
*OHN WENT TO THE PARTY 0ETER ALSO WENT TO THE PARTY
*OHN WENT TO THE PARTY 0ETER WENT TO THE PARTY TOO
*OHN WENT TO THE PARTY 0ETER WENT TO THE PARTY AS WELL
3/ -6 3
*OHN WENT TO THE PARTY AND SO DID 0ETER
.OT EITHER
*OHN DIDN|T GO TO THE PARTY 0ETER DIDN|T GO TO THE PARTY EITHER
.%)4(%2 -6 3 ./2 -6 3
*OHN DIDN|T GO TO THE PARTY AND NEITHER DID 0ETER
/R
*OHN DIDN|T GO TO THE PARTY AND NOR DID 0ETER
"UT
*OHN WENT TO THE PARTY BUT PETER DIDN|T GO TO THE PARTY
*OHN DIDN|T LIKE THE PARTY BUT PETER LIKED THE PARTY
"54 3 #ONTR
"54 3 -6
*OHN WENT TO THE PARTY BUT PETER DIDN|T
*OHN DIDN|T LIKE THE PARTY BUT PETER DID
,AS PALABRAS !,3/ 4// Y !3 7%,, SIGNIlCAN 4!-")%. !LSO SE USA ANTES DE UN VERBO PRINCIPAL MIENTRAS QUE
LAS PALABRAS TOO Y AS WELL SE USAN AL lNAL DE LAS ORACIONES
%SCUCHE LEA Y APRENDA
-ARY ) REALLY LIKE THAT DRESS
*ANE ) ALSO LIKE IT VERY MUCH
-IKE *OHN WAS SLEEPING AT THE TIME
4OM !ND HIS BROTHER WAS SLEEPING AS WELL
*OHN -ARY WILL COME TO THE PARTY TONIGHT
0ETER !ND *ANET WILL COME TOO
,A PALABRA 3/ ES UN SINNIMO DE !,3/ 4// Y !3 7%,, Y SE USA PARA ABREVIAR Y HACER MS mUDA LA CONVERSACIN
3/ VA SEGUIDA DE UN 6ERBO -ODAL 3UJETO
-ARY ) REALLY LIKE THAT DRESS
*ANE 3O DO )
*OHN -ARY WILL COME TO THE PARTY TONIGHT
0ETER !ND SO WILL *ANET
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
-IKE *OHN WAS SLEEPING AT THE TIME
4OM !ND SO WAS HIS BROTHER
,AS PALABRAS ./4%)4(%2 TAMPOCO PUEDEN SER REEMPLAZADAS POR .%)4(%2 O ./2 PARA ABREVIAR Y HACER MS
mUIDA LA CONVERSACIN
%SCUCHE LEA Y APRENDA
A 0ETER ) DON|T LIKE CLASSICAL MUSIC
-ARY ) DON|T LIKE IT EITHER
A *OHN ) DIDN|T SEE YOU AT THE MEETING YESTERDAY
!NN ) DIDN|T SEE YOU EITHER
B 0ETER ) DON|T LIKE CLASSICAL MUSIC
-ARY .EITHER DO )
B *OHN ) DIDN|T SEE YOU AT THE MEETING YESTERDAY
!NN .OR DID )
,A PALABRA "54 SE USA TANTO EN LA FORMA COMPLETA COMO EN LA FORMA ABREVIADA
%SCUCHE LEA Y APRENDA
A 2UTH DIDN|T SEE THE ACCIDENT "54 *ANE SAW IT A *OHN WILL GO TO THE MEETING "54 -ARY WON|T GO
B 2UTH DIDN|T SEE THE ACCIDENT "54 *ANE DID
B *OHN WILL GO TO THE MEETING "54 -ARY WON|T
%8%2#)3%3
%X 5SE !,3/ 4// !3 7%,, %)4(%2 OR "54
0ETER LIKES DOGS VERY MUCH AND HIS SISTER LIKES THEM VERY MUCH ???????????????????
-R *OHNSON ISN|T GOING TO ATTEND THE MEETING ??????????????????? -R #LARK IS GOING TO ATTEND THE MEETING
4HE BOYS DIDN|T GO TO THE LAB AND THE GIRLS DIDN|T GO ???????????????????
7E|VE GOT A BIG HOUSE 4HEY|VE ??????????????????? GOT A BIG ONE
0ETER DOESN|T UNDERSTAND )TALIAN ) DON|T UNDERSTAND IT ???????????????????
) CAN|T DRIVE A CAR ??????????????????? MY HUSBAND CAN
*OHN IS GOING TO TRAVEL TO %UROPE AND WE|RE GOING TO TRAVEL THERE ???????????????????
-ARY IS GOING TO GO TO 3PAIN ??????????????????? *OHN IS NOT GOING TO GO THERE (E|S GOING TO GO TO &RANCE
$O YOU ??????????????????? SPEAK 3PANISH OR DO YOU SPEAK ANOTHER LANGUAGE
3O YOU DON|T SPEAK 3PANISH AND YOU DON|T SPEAK )TALIAN ???????????????? 7HAT LANGUAGE DO YOU SPEAK THEN
%X A &IRST USE !,3/ 4// !3 7%,, AND THEN USE 3/ AS IN THE EXAMPLES
"OB LIKES COFFEE *ANE
-ARY CAN SPEAK )TALIAN WELL #ARMEN
EAT LUNCH IN THE CAFETERIA THE SECRETARY
*OHN WALKS TO SCHOOL )
3HE COMES HERE EVERY DAY HE
*OHN WENT TO THE MOVIES WITH US 0ETER
(E LIKED THE PICTURE 7E
WATCH 46 AFTER DINNER MY WIFE
-ARY LIKES PIE FOR DESSERT THE CHILDREN
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
"OB LIKES COFFEE AND *ANE ALSO LIKES COFFEE
"OB LIKES COFFEE AND 3/ DOES *!.%
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ATE THERE YESTERDAY MY FRIENDS
7E WILL GO BY TRAIN THEY
-Y CAR IS VERY OLD MY WIFES CAR
4HEY WERE VERY BUSY )
-ARY SHOULD WORK HARDER YOU
4HEY MUST PAY MORE WE
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%X B .OW lRST USE ./4%)4(%2 4HEN USE .%)4(%2 OR ./2 AS IN THE EXAMPLE
"OB DOESNT LIKE COFFEE AND *ANE DOESNT LIKE COFFEE EITHER
"OB DOESN|T LIKE COFFEE AND .%)4(%2 $/%3 *!.%
-ARY CAN|T SPEAK )TALIAN WELL #ARMEN
) DON|T EAT LUNCH IN THE CAFETERIA THE SECRETARY
*OHN DOESN|T GO TO SCHOOL )
3HE DOESN|T COME HERE EVERY DAY HE
*OHN DIDN|T GO TO THE MOVIES 0ETER
(E DIDN|T LIKE THE PICTURE 7E
) DON|T WATCH 46 AFTER DINNER -Y WIFE
-ARY DOESN|T LIKE PIE FOR DESSERT 4HE CHILDREN
) DIDN|T EAT THERE YESTERDAY -Y FRIENDS
7E WON|T GO BY TRAIN 4HEY
-Y CAR ISN|T VERY OLD-Y WIFE|S CAR
4HEY WEREN|T VERY BUSY )
-ARY SHOULDN|T WORK HARDER YOU
4HEY MUSTN|T PAY MORE WE
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%X #OMPLETE THESE SENTENCES WITH "54 AS IN THE EXAMPLES
"OB LIKES COFFEE *ANE
"OB LIKES COFFEE BUT *ANE DOESN|T
"OB DOESN|T LIKE COFFEE BUT *ANE DOES
-ARY CAN SPEAK )TALIAN WELL #ARMEN
EAT LUNCH IN THE CAFETERIA THE SECRETARY
*OHN WALKS TO SCHOOL )
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! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
3HE COMES HERE EVERY DAY HE
*OHN WENT TO THE MOVIES WITH US 0ETER
(E LIKED THE PICTURE 7E
WATCH 46 AFTER DINNER MY WIFE
-ARY LIKES PIE FOR DESSERT THE CHILDREN
ATE THERE YESTERDAY MY FRIENDS
7E WILL GO BY TRAIN THEY
-Y CAR IS VERY OLD MY WIFES CAR
4HEY WERE VERY BUSY )
-ARY SHOULDN|T WORK HARDER YOU
4HEY MUST PAY MORE WE
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3ON 6ERBOS 4RANSITIVOS AQUELLOS QUE VAN SEGUIDOS DE UN #OMPLEMENTO $IRECTO $IRECT /BJECT ,OS VERBOS 4O SEND
Y 4O BUY SON VERBOS TRANSITIVOS PORQUE VAN SEGUIDOS DE UN COMPLEMENTO DIRECTO %L COMPLEMENTO DIRECTO RESPONDE
A LA PREGUNTA 7HAT %N LA ORACIN v0ETER SENT A LETTER YESTERDAYv EL COMPLEMENTO DIRECTO ES LA FRASE hA LETTERv PORQUE
RESPONDE A LA PREGUNTA h7HAT DID 0ETER SEND YESTERDAYv $EL MISMO MODO EN LA ORACIN h-ARY BOUGHT A PAIR OF SHOESv
LA FRASE hA PAIR OF SHOESv ES EL COMPLEMENTO DIRECTO PORQUE RESPONDE A LA PREGUNTA h7HAT DID -ARY BUY
! SU VEZ EL COMPLEMENTO DIRECTO PUEDE IR SEGUIDO POR UN #OMPLEMENTO )NDIRECTO )NDIRECT /BJECT %N LA ORACIN
h0ETER SENT A LETTER TO -R 3MITH YESTERDAYv EL COMPLEMENTO INDIRECTO ES h-R 3MITHv Y EN LA ORACIN h-ARY BOUGHT A PAIR
OF SHOES FOR HER SONv EL COMPLEMENTO INDIRECTO ES hHER SONv #OMO UD HABR ADVERTIDO LOS COMPLEMENTOS DIRECTOS
E INDIRECTOS VAN UNIDOS POR LAS PREPOSICIONES TO O FOR %L COMPLEMENTO INDIRECTO SE RECONOCE PORQUE RESPONDE A LAS
PREGUNTAS TO WHOM zA QUIN O FOR WHOM z0ARA QUIN h4O WHOM DID 0ETER SEND A LETTER YESTERDAYv h&OR
WHOM DID -ARY BUY A PAIR OF SHOESv
%L ORDEN DE LOS COMPLEMENTOS DIRECTO E INDIRECTO PUEDE SER INVERTIDO PERO EN ESE CASO SE DEBEN OMITIR LAS PREPOSICIONES
TO O FOR ,A INVERSIN DEL ORDEN DE LOS COMPLEMENTOS DIRECTO E INDIRECTO ES MUY COMN CUANDO EL COMPLEMENTO INDIRECTO
ES UN PRONOMBRE COMPLEMENTARIO OBJECT PRONOUN
%SCUCHE LEA Y APRENDA
0ETER SENT A LETTER TO -R 3MITH YESTERDAY
0ETER SENT -R 3MITH A LETTER YESTERDAY
0ETER SENT HIM A LETTER YESTERDAY
-ARY BOUGHT A PAIR OF SHOES FOR HER SON
-ARY BOUGHT HER SON A PAIR OF SHOES
-ARY BOUGHT HIM A PAIR OF SHOES
%X 0LACE THE INDIRECT OBJECT BEFORE THE DIRECT OBJECT
(E GAVE THE MONEY TO ME
3HE BROUGHT THE BOOK TO ME
(E SENT A LETTER TO ME
(E TOLD THE STORY TO US
4HE TEACHER GAVE SOME DICTATION TO US
(E SENT SOME CANDY TO HIS SISTER
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
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(E BOUGHT SOME mOWERS FOR HIS WIFE
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4HEY SENT AN INVITATION TO US
*OHN LENT SOME MONEY TO HIS FRIENDS
7ILL YOU LEND YOUR PEN TO ME
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(E GAVE ME SOME BOOKS
4HEY GAVE US SOME MAGAZINES
(E SENT HIS MOTHER SEVERAL LETTERS
4HEY BROUGHT US MANY PRESENTS FROM ABROAD
GAVE HIM THE NOTE WHICH YOU SENT
0LEASE GIVE US SOME DICTATION TODAY
4HEY SENT US AN INVITATION TO THE PARTY
(ENRY TOLD US THE STORY OF HIS TRIP
*OHN GLADLY LENT ME THE MONEY
0LEASE LEND ME YOUR PENCIL FOR A FEW MINUTES
4HEY SENT US THE MATERIAL RIGHT AWAY
0LEASE HAND ME THAT BOOK
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! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
"!3)# 6/#!"5,!29 3TUDY THESE WORDS
/52 (%!,4( UAR HL ,A SALUD
ARTHRITIS ARRITIS
BLISTER BLSTER
CHICKEN
POX TCHKIN POKS
CHILBLAIN TCHILBLEIN
CHILLS TCHILZ
COLD KULD
COLIC KLIK
CONSTIPATION KONSTIPISHN
DIARRHEA DAIARA
DISEASE DISZ
EARACHE IAR EIK
FEVER FVER
mU mU
HAY FEVER HI FVER
HEADACHE HD EIK
HEALTH HL
HEART ATTACK HART AT| K
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
ARTRITIS
AMPOLLA
ALFOMBRILLA
SABAN
ESCALOFROS
RESFRO
CLICO
ESTITIQUEZ
COLITIS
ENFERMEDAD
DOLOR DE ODOS
lEBRE
GRIPE
lEBRE DEL HENO
DOLOR DE CABEZA
SALUD
PARO CARDIACO
ILLNESS LNIS
ENFERMEDAD
INSOMNIA INSMNIA
INSOMNIO
MUMPS MAMPS
PAROTIDITIS
NERVOUS BREAKDOWN NRVAS BRIKDAUN DEPRESIN
PAIN PEIN
DOLOR
RHEUMATISM RMATIZM
REUMATISMO
RUNNY NOSE RNI NOUZ
ROMADIZO
SICKNESS SKNIS
MAREO
SMALLPOX SMOL POKS
VIRUELA
SORE THROAT SR RUT
FARINGITIS
STOMACH
ACHE STMAK EIK
DOLOR DE ESTMAGO
STROKE STRUK
TROMBOSIS
TONSILTIS TONSILITIS
AMIGDALITIS
TOOTHACHE TU EIK
DOLOR DE MUELAS
TYPHUS TIFUS
TIFUS
WHOOPING COUGH HPI KOF TOS CONVULSIVA
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%X WILL BE WORKING WILL BE TRAVELLING WILL BE DRIVING WILL BE ENTERTAINING WILL BE VISITING WILL BE DOING
WILL BE PLAYING WILL BE WORKING OUT WILL BE WATCHING WILL
BE DOING
%X 4HEY WON|T BE RUNNING 7ILL THEY BE RUNNING (ANS WON|T BE WORKING 7ILL (ANS BE WORKING
4HE STUDENTS WON|T BE TAKING 7ILL THE STUDENTS BE TAKING -IKE WON|T BE WASHING 7ILL -IKE BE
WASHING
%X 7HAT WILL THEY BE DOING AT THIS EVENING (OW LONG WILL *ANET BE TRAVELLING IN !SIA 7HERE WILL YOU BE
WORKING TOMORROW MORNING 7HY WON|T *IM BE WORKING TOMORROW 7HERE )N WHICH HOTEL WILL YOU BE STAYING IN
,ONDON !T WHAT TIME WILL THE TRAIN BE ARRIVING TOMORROW 7HAT WILL -R *ACKSON BE DOING AT THIS TIME ON 4HURSDAY
7HAT WILL YOUR FRIENDS BE DOING BY THIS TIME NEXT MONTH
%X WILL BE HAVING WILL VISIT WILL BE WORKING WILL
COME WILL BE LIVING WILL HAVE DINNER WILL BE COOKING
WILL
STAY 7ILL
BE DOING 7ILL
SPEND
%X IS PLAYING WILL SPEND ARE GOING TO SPEND ARE SPENDING WERE WATCHING COMES SAW DO
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WERE
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READING DID
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0!24 ))
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%X #AN YOU 7ILL YOU SPEAKPLEASE #AN YOU 7ILL YOU HELPPLEASE #AN YOU 7ILL YOU OPEN PLEASE
#AN YOU 7ILL YOU COMEPLEASE #AN YOU 7ILL YOU PAY PLEASE #AN YOU 7ILL YOU BEPLEASE #AN YOU
7ILL YOU SIT PLEASE
%X #OULD YOU 7OULD YOU SPEAK PLEASE #OULD YOU 7OULD YOU WAIT PLEASE #OULD YOU 7OULD YOU
REPEAT PLEASE #OULD YOU 7OULD YOU SIGN PLEASE #OULD YOU 7OULD YOU TURN PLEASE #OULD YOU
7OULD YOU TAKE PLEASE #OULD YOU 7OULD YOU USE PLEASE
%X 7OULD YOU MIND SPEAKING PLEASE 7OULD YOU MIND WAITING PLEASE 7OULD YOU MIND REPEATING
PLEASE 7OULD YOU MIND SIGNING PLEASE 7OULD YOU MIND TURNING PLEASE 7OULD YOU MIND TAKING
PLEASE 7OULD YOU MIND USING PLEASE
%X #OULD YOU 7OULD YOU HELP ME -R 0EREZ 7OULD YOU MIND HELPING ME -R 0EREZ #AN YOU 7ILL YOU
GIVE ME #OULD YOU 7OULD YOU SPELL PLEASE 7OULD YOU MIND SPELLING PLEASE #AN YOU 7ILL YOU CALL
ME UP #AN YOU 7ILL YOU TURN DOWN #OULD YOU 7OULD YOU SHOW ME PLEASE 7OULD YOU MIND SHOWING
ME PLEASE
"
%X #AN ) TURN -AY ) $O YOU MIND IF ) USE -AY ) $O YOU MIND IF ) ASK #AN ) USE YOUR -AY
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#
%X TURN TO SPELL MY SHUT ME TO GET YOU ME TO REPEAT MY ME TO SPEAK CALL BACK ME
TO HELP YOU TELL -ARY THAT YOU ME TO TRANSLATE
$
%X DON|T WE GO GO SITTING AND RESTING LIKE TO SPEND DON|T WE INVITE
PLAY DON|T WE TRAVEL STAYINGAND WATCHING LIKE TO GO DON|T WE TAKE
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
0!24 )))
!
%X TOO AS WELL BUT EITHER ALSO EITHER BUT TOO AS WELL BUT ALSO EITHER
%X A -ARY CAN AND #ARMEN CAN TOO -ARY CAN AND SO CAN #ARMEN ) EAT AND THE SECREATRY ALSO EATS
) EAT AND SO DOES THE SECRETARY *OHN WALKS AND ) WALK AS WELL *OHN WALKS AND SO DO ) 3HE COMES AND
HE COMES TOO 3HE COMESAND SO DOES HE *OHN WENT AND 0ETER ALSO WENT *OHN WENTAND SO DID 0ETER
(E LIKED AND WE LIKED AS WELL (E LIKED AND SO DID WE ) WATCH AND MY WIFE ALSO WATCHES ) WATCH AND SO
DOES MY WIFE -ARY LIKES AND THE CHILDREN ALSO LIKE -ARY LIKES AND SO DO THE CHILDREN ) ATE AND MY FRIENDS
ALSO ATE ) ATE AND SO DID MY FRIENDS 7E WILL GO AND THEY WILL ALSO GO 7E|LL GO AND SO WILL THEY -Y
CAR IS AND MY WIFE|S CAR IS TOO -Y CAR|S VERY OLD AND SO IS MY WIFE|S CAR 4HEY WERE AND ) WAS AS WELL
4HEY WERE AND SO WAS ) -ARY SHOULD WORK AND YOU SHOULD WORKTOO -ARY SHOULD WORK AND SO SHOULD YOU
4HEY MUST PAY AND WE MUST PAY AS WELL 4HEY MUST PAY AND SO MUST WE
%X B -ARY CAN|T AND #ARMEN CAN|T EITHER -ARY CAN|T AND NEITHER NOR CAN #ARMEN ) DON|T EAT AND THE
SECRETARY DOESN|T EAT EITHER ) DON|T EAT AND NEITHER NOR DOES THE SECRETARY *OHN DOESN|T WALK AND ) DON|T
WALK EITHER *OHN DOESN|T WALK AND NEITHER NOR DO ) 3HE DOESN|T COME AND HE DOESN|T COMEEITHER 3HE
DOESN|T COMEAND NEITHER NOR DOES HE *OHN DIDN|T GO AND 0ETER DIDIN|T GO *OHN DIDN|T GOAND NEITHER NOR
DID 0ETER (E DIDN|T LIKE AND WE DIDN|T LIKE EITHER (E DIDN|T LIKE AND NEITHER NOR DID WE ) DON|T WATCH AND
MY WIFE DOESN|T WATCHEITHER ) DON|T WATCH AND NEITHER NOR DOES MY WIFE -ARY DOESN|T LIKE AND THE CHILDREN
DON|T LIKEEITHER -ARY DOESN|T LIKE AND NEITHER NOR DO THE CHILDREN ) DIIDN|T EAT AND MY FRIENDS DIDN|T EATEITHER
) DIDN|T EAT AND NEITHER NOR DID MY FRIENDS 7E WON|T GO AND THEY WON|T GOEITHER 7E WON|T GO AND NEITHER
NOR WILL THEY -Y CAR ISN|T AND MY WIFE|S CAR ISN|TEITHER -Y CAR ISN|T VERY OLD AND NEITHER NOR IS MY WIFE|S CAR
4HEY WEREN|T AND ) WASN|T EITHER 4HEY WEREN|T AND NEITHER NOR WAS ) -ARY SHOULDN|T WORK AND YOU
SHOULDN|T WORKEITHER -ARY SHOULD WORK AND NEITHER NOR SHOULD YOU 4HEY MUSTN|T PAY AND WE MUSTN|T PAY
EITHER 4HEY MUST PAY AND NEITHER NOR MUST WE
%X -ARY CAN SPEAK BUT #ARMEN CAN|T -ARY CAN|T SPEAK BUT #ARMEN CAN ) EATBUT THE SECRETARY DOESN|T
) DON|T EAT BUT THE SECRETARY DOES *OHN WALKS BUT ) DON|T *OHN DOESN|T WALK BUT ) DO 3HE COMES BUT
HE DOESN|T 3HE DOESN|T COME BUT HE DOES *OHN WENT BUT 0ETER DIDN|T *OHN DIDN|T GO BUT 0ETER DID (E
LIKED BUT WE DIDN|T (E DIDN|T LIKE BUT WE DID ) WATCH BUT MY WIFE DOESN|T ) DON|T WATCH BUT MY WIFE DOES
-ARY LIKES BUT THE CHILDREN DON|T -ARY DOESN|T LIKE BUT THE CHILDREN DO ) ATE BUT MY FRIENDS DIDN|T ) DIDN|T
EAT BUT MY FRIENDS DID 7E|LL GO BUT THEY WON|T 7E WON|T GO BUT THEY WILL -Y WIFE|S CAR IS BUT MY WIFE|S
CAR ISN|T -Y CAR ISN|T BUT MY WIFE|S CAR IS 4HEY WERE BUT ) WASN|T 4HEY WEREN|T BUT ) WAS -ARY SHOULD
WORK BUT YOU SHOULDN|T -ARY SHOULDN|T WORK BUT YOU SHOULD 4HEY MUST PAY BUT WE MUSTN|T 4HEY MUSTN|T
PAY BUT WE MUST
"
%X (E GAVE ME THE MONEY 3HE BROUGHT ME THE BOOK (E SENT ME A LETTER (E TOLD US THE STORY 4HE
TEACHER GAVE US SOME DICTATION (E SENT HIS SISTER SOME CANDY (E BOUGHT HIS WIFE SOME mOWERS (E GAVE HIS
FRIEND A RING 4HEY SENT US AN INVITATION *OHN LENT HIS FRIENDS SOME MONEY 7ILL YOU LEND ME YOUR PEN
(E GAVE ALL OF US SOME EXCELLENT ADVICE
%X (E GAVE SOME BOOKS TO ME 4HEY GAVE SOME MAGAZINES TO US (E SENT SEVERAL LETTERS TO HIS MOTHER
4HEY BROUGHT MANY PRESENTS TO US FROM ABROAD GAVE THE NOTE WHICH YOU SENT TO HIM 0LEASE GIVE SOME
DICTATION TO US TODAY 4HEY SENT AN INVITATION TO THE PARTY TO US (ENRY TOLD THE STORY OF HIS TRIP TO US *OHN GLADLY
LENT THE MONEY TO ME 0LEASE LEND YOUR PENCIL TO ME FOR A FEW MINUTES 4HEY SENT THE MATERIAL TO US RIGHT AWAY
0LEASE HAND THAT BOOK TO
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
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CRITERION KRAITRION
ANALYSIS AN| LISIS
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OASIS OUISIS
THESIS SIS
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STIMULUS STMIULAS
CACTUS K| KTAS
SYLLABUS SLABAS
FORMULA F RMIULA
VERTEBRA VRTIBRA
APPENDIX APNDIKS
INDEX NDEKS
CRITERIA KRAITARIA
ANALYSES AN| LISIZ
CRISES KRISIZ
OASES OUISIZ
THESES SIZ
CURRICULA KARKIULA
MEDIA MDIA
STIMULI STMIULAI
CACTI K| KTAI
SYLLABI SLABAI
FORMULAE F RMIULI
VERTEBRAE VRTIBRI
APPENDICES APNDISIZ
INDICES INDISIZ
PHENOMENON FENMENON
BASIS BISIS
HYPOTHESIS HAIPESIS
PARENTHESIS PARNESIS
BACTERIUM BKTARIAM
DATUM DITAM
MEMORANDUM MEMOR| DAM
PHENOMENA FENMENA
BASES BISIZ
HYPOTHESES HAIPESIZ
PARENTHESES PARNESIZ
BACTERIA BKTARIA
DATA DITA
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CACTUSES K| KTASIZ
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FORMULAS F RMIULAZ
APPENDIXES APNDIKSIZ
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4O FANCY FNSI AGRADAR GUSTAR
4O lNISH FNISH TERMINAR
4O IMAGINE IMDLLIN IMAGINARSE
4O INVOLVE INVULV INVOLUCRAR COMPRENDER
4O KEEP KP MANTENERSE CONTINUAR SEGUIR
4O MIND MIND IMPORTAR MOLESTAR
4O MISS MIS ECHAR DE MENOS RECORDAR CON NOSTALGIA
4O POSTPONE POSPUN POSTERGAR
4O APPRECIATE PRISHIEIT AGRADECER
4O RISK RISK ARRIESGAR CORRER EL RIESGO DE
4O QUIT KUIT DEJAR SALIR ABANDONAR
4O SUGGEST SADLLST SUGERIR
4O PRACTISE PRKTIS PRACTICAR
%JEMPLOS 7OULD YOU MIND CLOSING THE DOOR
) ENJOY WALKING IN THE PARK IN THE MORNING
!NN WILL SOON lNISH TYPING THE LETTER
%L VERBO 4/ '/ VA SEGUIDO DE UN GERUNDIO EN EXPRESIONES QUE SE RElEREN A ACTIVIDADES DEPORTIVAS COMO LAS
SIGUIENTES
4O GO BOATING GU BUTI IR A ANDAR EN BOTE
4O GO BOWLING GU BULI IR A JUGAR A LOS BOLOS
4O GO CAMPING GU KMPI IR A ACAMPAR
4O GO DANCING GU DNSI IR A BAILAR
4O GO lSHING GU FSHI IR A PESCAR
4O GO HANG GLIDING GU HND GLIDI IR A PLANEAR DELTA
4O GO HIKING GU HIKI IR A EXCURSIONAR
4O GO JOGGING GU DLLGI IR A TROTAR
4O GO RUNNING GU RNI IR A CORRER
4O GO SAILING GU SILI IR A ANDAR EN YATE
4O GO SHOPPING GU SHPI IR DE COMPRAS
4O GO SIGHTSEEING GU SITSI IR EN UN TOUR
4O GO SKATING GU SKITI IR A PATINAR
4O GO SKIING GU SKI IR A ESQUIAR
4O GO SKYDIVING GU SKIDIVI IR A HACER SALTO LIBRE
4O GO SWIMMING GU SWMI IR A NADAR
4O GO TREKKING GU TRKI IR DE EXCURSIN
4O GO WATER
SKIING GU WTERSKI IR A ESQUIAR ACUAT
4O GO WINDOW
SHOPPING GU WNDOW SHPI IR A VITRINEAR
%JEMPLOS ) USUALLY GO JOGGING IN THE EVENING
-RS "ROWN GOES SHOPPING EVERY 3ATURDAY MORNING
4HEY WENT SIGHTSEEING IN THE MORNING
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
4ODAS LAS PREPOSICIONES EXCEPTO LA PREPOSICIN TO VAN SEGUIDAS DE UN GERUNDIO 0OR LO TANTO LAS SIGUIENTES
EXPRESIONES VAN SEGUIDAS DE UN GERUNDIO (AY ALGUNAS EXPRESIONES IDIOMTICAS QUE A PESAR DE CONTENER LA
PREPOSICIN TO VAN SEGUIDAS DE UN GERUNDIO
4O ACCUSE SOMEONE OF AKIZ SMWANE V
4O APOLOGIZE FOR APLODLLIZ FOR
4O BE ACCUSTOMED TO B AKSTOMD TU
4O BE AFRAID OF B AFRID V
4O BE CAPABLE OF B KIPABL V
4O BE FOND OF B FOND V
4O BE TIRED OF B TIARD V
4O BE USED TO B IUST TU
4O CARRY ON K| RI ON
4O DREAM OFABOUT DRM V ABUT
4O FEEL LIKE FL LIK
4O FORGIVE SOMEBODY FOR FORGV SMBODI FOR
4O GET THROUGH GET RU
4O GET USED TO GET IUST TU
4O GIVE UP GIV P
4O GO ON GOU N
4O INSIST ON INSST N
4O KEEP ON KP N
4O LOOK FORWARD TO LUK FRWARD TU
4O PREVENT SOMEBODY FROM PRIVNT SMBODI FROM
4O PUT OFF PUT F
4O SUCCEED IN SAKSD IN
4O TALK ABOUT TOK ABUT
ACUSAR A ALGUIEN DE
DISCULPARSE POR
ESTAR ACOSTUMBRADO A
TENER MIEDO A
SER CAPAZ DE
SER AlCIONADO A
ESTAR CANSADO DE
ESTAR ACOSTUMBRADO A
CONTINUAR SEGUIR MANTENERSE
SOAR CON SOAR QUE
SENTIR O TENER GANAS DE
PERDONAR A ALGUIEN POR
TERMINAR
ACOSTUMBRARSE A
DEJAR DE RENDIRSE
CONTINUAR SEGUIR
INSISTIR EN
CONTINUAR SEGUIR MANTENERSE
ESPERAR CON ANSIA DESEAR
EVITAR O IMPEDIR QUE ALGUIEN
POSTERGAR DEJAR PARA MS TARDE O DESPUS
LOGRAR EXITOSAMENTE
CONVERSAR DISCUTIR
%JEMPLOS
*OHN|S GIVEN UP SMOKING AT LAST
4HEY KEPT ON TALKING FOR HOURS
!NN IS FOND OF GARDENING
) LOOK FORWARD TO SEEING YOU SOON
"OB WILL SOON GET USED TO LIVING IN THIS COUNTRY
,AS SIGUIENTES EXPRESIONES IDIOMTICAS TAMBIN VAN SEGUIDAS DE UN GERUNDIO
4HERE|S NO USE EAZ NU IUS .O VALE LA PENA
)T|S NO USE ITS NU IUS
4HERE|S NOT MUCH POINT IN EAZ NT MATCH PINT IN .O SIRVE DE MUCHO
)S THIS WORTH IZ ISWER z6ALE LA PENAESTAE
)S IT WORTHWHILE IZ IT WERWAIL z6ALE LA PENA
4HERE|S NO USE WAITING ANY LONGER
%S INUTIL )T|S NO USE INSISTING
4HERE|S NOT MUCH POINT IN DOING THAT
)S THIS BOOK WORTH READING
)S IT WORTHWHILE GOING THERE NOW
%8%2#)3%3
%X 5SE THE CORRECT PREPOSITION IN THE BLANK SPACE AND THE GERUND OF THE VERBS IN PARENTHESES
(E LEFT THE HOUSE ?????????????????????????????? GOOD BYE SAY
4HE GIRL WASHED THE APPLE ?????????????????????????????? IT EAT
"OB LEFT THE RESTAURANT ?????????????????????????????? THE CHECK PAY
CAN INCREASE MY SALARY ?????????????????????????????? OVERTIME WORK
7ERE THINKING ?????????????????????????????? A TRIP TO %UROPE TAKE
(E PUT ON HIS COAT ?????????????????????????????? THE HOUSE LEAVE
?????????????????????????????? TO BED THE OLD WOMAN LOCKED ALL THE DOORS GO
%X 3UPPLY THE GERUND FORM OF THE VERB IN PARENTHESES
7OULD YOU MIND ?????????????????????????????? WAIT A FEW MINUTES
4HEY|VE STOPPED ?????????????????????????????? SPEAK TO EACH OTHER
(AVE YOU FNISHED ?????????????????????????????? READ THE BOOK YET
7ERE CONSIDERING ?????????????????????????????? TAKE A NEW COURSE
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
4HE BOYS lNISHED ?????????????????????????????? EAT HIS SUPPER
DISLIKE ?????????????????????????????? RIDE ON THE SUBWAY
4HEY CANT RISK ?????????????????????????????? BE SEEN
4HE DRIVER COULDNT AVOID ?????????????????????????????? HIT THE PEDESTRIAN
DONT MIND ?????????????????????????????? HAVE TO WORK TILL LATE ON &RIDAYS
A)WAYS ENJOY ?????????????????????????????? VISIT NEW PLACES
%X #OMPLETE EACH SENTENCE WITH ONE OF THESE VERBS
ANSWER APPLY BE BE LISTEN MAKE SEE TRY USE WASH WORK WRITE
(E TRIED TO AVOID ANSWERING MY QUESTION
#OULD YOU PLEASE STOP ??????????????????????? SO MUCH NOISE
) ENJOY ??????????????????????? TO MUSIC
) CONSIDERED ??????????????????????? FOR THE JOB BUT IN THE END ) DECIDED AGAINST IT
(AVE YOU lNISHED ??????????????????????? YOUR HAIR YET
)F YOU WALK NTO THE ROAD WITHOUT LOOKING YOU RISK ??????????????????????? KNOCKED DOWN BY A PASSING CAR
*IM IS BUT HE ISNT GOING TO RETIRE YET (E WANTS TO CARRY ON ???????????????????????
) DONT MIND YOU ??????????????????????? THE PHONE AS LONG AS YOU PAY FOR ALL YOUR CALLS
(ELLO &ANCY ??????????????????????? YOU HERE 7HAT A SURPRISE
)VE PUT OFF ??????????????????????? THE LETTER SO MANY TIMES ) REALLY MUST DO IT TODAY
7HAT A STUPID THING TO DO #AN YOU IMAGINE ANYBODY ??????????????????????? SO STUPID
3ARAH GAVE UP ??????????????????????? TO lND A JOB IN THIS COUNTRY AND DECIDED TO GO ABROAD
%X #OMPLETE THE SENTENCES FOR EACH SITUATION USING
ING
!NN 7HAT SHALL WE DO
"OB SUGGESTED GOING TO THE CINEMA
"OB 7E COULD GO THE CINEMA
!NN $O YOU WANT TO PLAY TENNIS
"OB .O NOT REALLY
"OB DIDNT FANCY ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
!NN 9OU WERE DRIVING SO FAST
"OB 9ES ITS TRUE 3ORRY
"OB ADMITTED ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
!NN 7HY DONT WE GO FOR A SWIM
"OB 'OOD IDEA
!NN SUGGESTED ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
!NN 9OU BROKE INTO THE SHOP
"OB .O DIDNT
"OB DENIED ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
!NN #AN YOU WAIT A FEW MINUTES
"OB 3URE NO PROBLEM
"OB DIDNT MIND ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X #OMPLETE THE SENTENCES SO THAT THEY MEAN THE SAME AS THE lRST SENTENCE 5SE
).'
) CAN DO WHAT ) WANT AND YOU CAN|T STOP ME
9OU CAN|T STOP ME DOING WHAT ) WANT
)T|S NOT A GOOD IDEA TO TRAVEL DURING THE RUSH HOUR
)T|S BETTER TO AVOID ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
3HALL WE GO AWAY TOMORROW INSTEAD OF TODAY
3HALL WE POSTPONE ???????????????????????????????? UNTIL ???????????????????????????????????????
4HE DRIVER OF THE CAR SAID IT WAS TRUE THAT HE DIDN|T HAVE A LICENCE
4HE DRIVER OF THE CAR ADMITTED ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
#OULD YOU TURN THE RADIO DOWN PLEASE
7OULD YOU MIND ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
0LEASE DON|T INTERRUPT ME ALL THE TIME
7OULD YOU MIND ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X 5SE YOUR OWN IDEAS TO COMPLETE THESE SENTENCES 5SE GERUNDS
3HES A VERY INTERESTING PERSON ) A)WAYS ENJOY TALKING TO HER
LM NOT FEELING VERY WELL ) DONT FANCY ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
LM AFRAID THERE ARENT ANY MORE CHAIRS ) HOPE YOU DON{T MIND ?????????????????????????????????????????
)T WAS A LOVELY DAY SO ) SUGGESTED ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
)T WAS VERY FUNNY ) COULDN|T STOP ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
-Y CAR ISN|T VERY RELIABLE )T KEEPS ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X 3UPPLY THE CORRECT PREPOSITION AND THE GERUND FORM OF THE VERB IN PARENTHESES
-ARY IS VERY FOND ??????????????????????? IN THE RIVER SWIM
*OHN INSISTED ??????????????????????? TO THE STADIUM WITH US GO
(ENRY NEEDS MUCH MORE PRACTICE ??????????????????????? SPEAK
7E LOOK FORWARD ??????????????????????? YOU SOON SEE
4HE SEAT BELT PREVENTED ME ??????????????????????? MY HEAD AGAINST THE WINDSHIELD HIT
4HERE IS LITTLE CHANCE ??????????????????????? HER AGAIN SEE
LTS A QUESTION ??????????????????????? IT AT ONCE DO
7E ARE THINKING ??????????????????????? &RENCH STUDY
"OB HAS VERY LITTLE EXPERIENCE ??????????????????????? TRUCKS DRIVE
*OHN GOT TIRED ??????????????????????? FOR US WAIT
"ILL HAS NO INTENTION ??????????????????????? PART IN THE GAME TAKE
4HERE|S NO POSSIBILITY ??????????????????????? THE WORK TODAY lNISH
%X *OIN THE FOLLOWING PAIRS OF SENTENCES BY USING ).34%!$ /& INSTD OV EN VEZ DE
) WILL PLAY TENNIS ) WONT WORK IN THE GARDEN TODAY
) WILL PLAY TENNIS INSTEAD OF WORKING IN THE GARDEN TODAY
3HE WILL STUDY MUSIC 3HE WONT GO TO THE UNIVERSITY
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HEY WILL STAY HOME THIS SUMMER 4HEY WONT GO ABROAD
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7ERE GOING TO THE MOVIE TONIGHT 7E WILL NOT VISIT THE 3MITHS
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
*OHN WILL STUDY TO BE AN ENGINEER (E WILL NOT WORK IN HIS FATHERS STORE
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E WILL LIVE IN A DORMITORY (E WILL NOT STAY AT THE HOME OF HIS COUSIN
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E WILL MARRY (ELEN (E WILL NOT REMAIN A BACHELOR
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HEY WILL mY TO -EXICO 4HEY WILL NOT DRIVE IN THEIR NEW CAR
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%X #OMPLETE THE SENTENCES BY USING '%25.$3 !DD A PREPOSITION AFTER THE GERUND IF NECESSARY
)T WAS COLD AND RAINY YESTERDAY SO WE POSTPONED GOING TOVISITING THE BOTANICAL GARDENS
4HE 0ORTERS| HOUSE IS TOO SMALL 4HEYRE CONSIDERING ???????????????????????
7E DISCUSSED ??????????????????????? #OLORADO FOR OUR VACATION
7HEN -ARTHA lNISHED ??????????????????????? THE mOOR SHE DUSTED THE FURNITURE
3OMETIMES STUDENTS PUT OFF??????????????????????? THEIR HOMEWORK
7E HAD A BLIZZARD YESTERDAY BUT IT lNALLY STOPPED ??????????????????????? AROUND PM
) QUIT ??????????????????????? COMIC BOOKS WHEN ) WAS TWELVE YEARS OLD
)M THINKING ABOUT ??????????????????????? A BIOLOGY COURSE NEXT SEMESTER
"ETH DOESNT LIKE HER JOB 3HES TALKING ABOUT ??????????????????????? A DIFFERENT JOB
) ENJOY ??????????????????????? SPORTS
)|M CONSIDERING ??????????????????????? .EW 9ORK #ITY
! !RE YOU LISTENING TO ME
" 9ES +EEP ??????????????????????? )M LISTENING TO YOU
! $O YOU WANT TO TAKE A BREAK " .O )|M NOT TIRED YET ,ETS KEEP ON ??????????????????????? FOR ANOTHER
HOUR OR SO
! 7OULD YOU MIND ??????????????????????? THE WINDOW
" .OT AT ALL )|D BE GLAD TO
%X #OMPLETE THE SENTENCES IN THE DIALOGUES 5SE THE EXPRESSIONS IN THE LIST OR YOUR OWN WORDS "E SURE
TO USE A GERUND IN EACH SENTENCE
BUY A NEW CAR
DO THINGS
GO TO THE ZOO ON 3ATURDAY
RAIN
REPEAT THAT
HELP HIM
DO MY HOMEWORK
GET A 4OYOTA
TRY
READ A GOOD BOOK
SMOKE
TAP YOUR lNGERNAILS ON THE TABLE
! 7OULD YOU LIKE TO GO FOR A WALK
" (AS IT STOPPED RAINING
! 9ES IT HAS
" ,ET|S GO THEN
! )|VE BEEN HAVING A LOT OF TROUBLE WITH MY OLD (ONDA THE LAST COUPLE OF MONTHS LTS SLOWLY FALLING APART )|M
THINKING ABOUT ???????????????????????????????????
" $O YOU THINK YOU|LL GET ANOTHER (ONDA
! .O )|M CONSIDERING ???????????????????????????????????
! 7HAT DO YOU USUALLY DO IN YOUR FREE TIME IN THE EVENING
" ) ENJOY ???????????????????????????????????
! 'OOD NEWS ) FEEL GREAT ) DONT COUGH ANY MORE AND ) DONT RUN OUT OF BREATH WHEN ) WALK UP A HILL " /H
! ) QUIT ???????????????????????????????????
" 4HAT|S WONDERFUL
! )VE BEEN WORKING ON THIS MATH PROBLEM FOR THE LAST HALF HOUR AND STILL DONT UNDERSTAND IT
" 7ELL DONT GIVE UP +EEP?????????????????????????????????? LF AT lRST YOU DON{T SUCCEED TRY TRY AGAIN
! !RE YOU A PROCRASTINATOR
" ! WHAT
! ! PROCRASTINATOR 4HATS SOMEONE WHO ALWAYS POSTPONES ???????????????????????????????????
" /H 7ELL SOMETIMES ) PUT OFF ???????????????????????????????????
! 7HAT ARE YOU DOING
" )|M HELPING 4EDDY WITH HIS HOMEWORK
! 7HEN YOU lNSH ??????????????????????????????????? COULD YOU HEP ME IN THE KITCHEN
" 3URE
! #OULD YOU PLEASE STOP DOING THAT
" $OING WHAT
! 3TOP ??????????????????????????????????? )T|S DRIVING ME CRAZY
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
! $O YOU HAVE ANY PLANS FOR THIS WEEKEND
" (ENRY AND ) TALKED ABOUT ???????????????????????????????????
! ) DIDNT UNDERSTAND WHAT YOU SAID 7OULD YOU MIND ???????????????????????????????????
" /F COURSE NOT ) SAID h4HREE FREE TREES h
%X !NSWER THE QUESTIONS 5SE THE EXPRESSIONS '/ ).'
-Y SISTER GOES TO THE BEACH ALMOST EVERY DAY 3HE SPENDS HOURS IN THE WATER 7HAT DOES SHE LIKE TO DO
3HE LIKES TO GO SWIMMING
&RANK AND HIS GIRLFRIEND LIKE TO SPEND THE WHOLE DAY ON A LAKE WITH POLES IN THEIR HANDS 7HAT DO THEY LIKE TO DO
HEY LIKE ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
,AST SUMMER *OHN WENT TO 0AINE .ATIONAL 0ARK (E SLEPT IN A TENT AND COOKED HIS FOOD OVER A lRE 7HAT DID HE
DO LAST SUMMER
(E ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
-R *OHNSON LIKES TO GO TO THE 3HOPPING -ALL AND BUY THINGS 7HAT DOES HE LIKE TO DO
(E LIKES ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
-R 3MITH|S WIFE TAKES GOOD CARE OF HER HEALTH 3HE RUNS A COUPLE OF MILES EVERY DAY 7HAT DOES SHE DO EVERY DAY
3HE ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
/N WEEKENDS IN THE WINTER THE 3MITHS SOMETIMES GO TO A MOUNTAIN RESORT 4HEY LIKE TO RACE DOWN THE SIDE OF A
MOUNTAIN IN THE SNOW 7HAT DO THEY LIKE TO DO
4HEY ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
*IM #LARK IS A NATURE LOVER (E USUALLY TAKES LONG WALKS IN THE WOODS 7HAT DOES *OE LIKE TO DO
(E ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
"ARBARTA PREFERS INDOOR SPORTS 3HE GOES TO A PLACE WHERE SHE ROLLS A THIRTEEN
POUND BALL AT SOME WOODEN
PINS 7HAT DOES 3ARA OFTEN DO
3HE ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
'EORGE AND *ANE KNOW ALL THE LATEST DANCES 7HAT DO THEY PROBABLY DO A LOT
4HEY ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE 4AYLORS ARE GOING TO GO TO A LITTLE LAKE NEAR THEIR HOUSE TOMORROW )T|S WINTER NOW SO THE LAKE IS COMPLETELY
FROZEN 4HE ICE IS SMOOTH 7HAT ARE THE 4AYLORS GOING TO DO TOMORROW
4HEY ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
*IM AND HIS WIFE LIVE NEAR THE SEA 7HEN THERES A STRONG WIND THEY LIKE TO SPEND THE DAY N THEIR YATCH 7HAT DO
THEY LIKE TO DO
4HEY ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4OURISTS OFTEN GET ON BUSES THAT TAKE THEM TO SEE INTERESTING PLACES IN AN AREA 7HAT DO THEY DO ON BUSES
4HEY ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
#OLETTE AND "EN LIKE TO JUMP OUT OF AIRPLANES 4HEY DONT OPEN THEIR PARACHUTES UNTIL THE LAST MINUTE 7HAT DO
THEY LIKE TO DO
4HEY ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7HAT DO YOU LIKE TO DO FOR EXERCISE AND FUN
) ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
"!3)# 6/#!"5,!29
! 02%0/3)4)/.3 !.$ 02%0/3)4)/.!, 0(2!3%3
%NGLISH
ABOUT BUT
ABOVE BV
ACROSS KRS
AFTER FTER
AGAINST EGINST
ALONG L
AMONG M
AROUND RUND
AT T
AT THE BACK OF T BK V
AT THE BOTTOM OF T BTOM V
AT THE TOP OF T TOP V
BEFORE BIFR
BEHIND BIHIND
BELOW BILU
BENEATH BIN
BESIDE BISID
BESIDES BISIDZ
BETWEEN BITUN
BEYOND BIYND
BY BAI
DESPITE DISPIT
DOWN DUN
DURING DIRI
FAR FROM FR FROM
FOR FOR
FROM FROM
IN IN
IN FRONT OF IN FRNT V
IN THE CORNER OF IN KRNER V
INSIDE INSID
INTO NTU
NEAR NIAR
NEXT TO NKST TU
OF V
OFF OF
ON ON
ONTO NTU
OPPOSITE POSIT
OUT UT
OUT OF UT V
OUTSIDE AUTSID
OVER UVER
SINCE SINS
THROUGH RU
TILL TIL
TO TU
TOWARDS TUWRDZ
UNDER NDER
UNTIL ANTL
UP AP
WITH WI
WITHIN WIIN
WITHOUT WIUT
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
3PANISH
ACERCA DE
MS ARRIBA DE
A TRAVS DE DE UN LADO AL OTRO
DESPUS DE
EN CONTRA DE
A LO LARGO DE
ENTRE VARIOS
ALREDEDOR DE
EN A
EN LA PARTE POSTERIOR DE
EN LA PARTE INFERIOR DE
EN LA PARTE SUPERIOR DE
ANTES DE
DETRS DE
MS ABAJO DE
MS ABAJO DE
AL LADO DE
ADEMS DE
ENTRE DOS
MS ALL DE
POR CERCA DE
A PESAR DE
HACIA ABAJO
DURANTE
LEJOS DE
PARA
DESDE DE
EN
AL FRENTE DE
EN LA ESQUINA DE
DENTRO DE
HACIA ADENTRO
CERCA DE
PRXIMO A
DE
LEJOS DE
ENCIMA DE SOBRE
HACIA ENCIMA DE
FRENTE A
AFUERA
HACIA AFUERA
FUERA DE
SOBRE
DESDE
A TRAVS DE
HASTA
A HACIA
HACIA EN DIRECCIN A
DEBAJO DE
HASTA
HACIA ARRIBA DE
CON
DENTRO DE
SIN
%XAMPLE
ABOUT THE HISTORY OF THE 53!
ABOVE THE CLOUDS
ACROSS THE STREET
AFTER THE LESSON
AGAINST THE ENEMY
ALONG THE COAST
AMONG ALL THE GIRLS
AROUND THE HOUSE
AT HOME AT
AT THE BACK OF THE ROOM
AT THE BOTTOM OF THE MAP
AT THE TOP OF THE SHELF
BEFORE THE LESSON
BEHIND THE DOOR
BELOW THE CARPET
BENEATH THE GROUND
BESIDE THE TABLE
BESIDES *OHN #LARK
BETWEEN YOU AND ME
BEYOND THE HILL
BY THE RIVER
DESPITE THE NOISE
DOWN THE COAST
DURING THE DAY
FAR FROM ,ONDON
FOR THE STUDENTS
FROM THE 53!
IN THE GARDEN
IN FRONT OF THE SCHOOL
IN THE CORNER OF THE ROOM
INSIDE THE CLASSROOM
INTO THE ROOM
NEAR THE HOSPITAL
NEXT TO THE SUPERMARKET
OF THE WEEK
OFF THE COAST
ON THE DESK
ONTO THE TABLE
OPPOSITE THE BANK
OUT IN THE STREET
OUT OF THE ROOM
OUTSIDE THE OFlCE
OVER THE ROOF
SINCE THAT DAY
THROUGH THE TUNNEL
TILL TOMORROW
TO THE OFlCE
TOWARDS THE EAST
UNDER THE TABLE
UNTIL NEXT 3UNDAY
UP THE ROAD
WITH MY FRIENDS
WITHIN A WEEK
WITHOUT MONEY
" #ONNECTORS
#OORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
AND ND
OR OR
SO SOU
FOR FR
NOT NOT
Y
O
POR LO TANTO
PORQUE DEBIDO A QUE
NO
BOTHAND BUAND
EITHEROR EROR
NEITHERNOR NERNOR
NOT ONLYBUT ALSO NT UNLIBUT LSOU
YET IT
TANTOCOMO
YA SEA O
NINI
NO SLOSINO QUE TAMBIN
SIN EMBARGO NO OBSTANTE
!DVERBIAL CONNECTIVES
ACCORDINGLY AKRDILI
ACTUALLY |KTCHUALI
ALTHOUGH LOU
ANYWAY NIWEI
BESIDES BISIDZ
CONSEQUENTLY KNSEKWENTLI
DESPITE DISPIT
EQUALLY KWALI
lNALLY FINALI
lRST FRST
FURTHERMORE FRERMR
HENCE HNS
HOWEVER HAUVER
INDEED INDD
INITIALLY INSHIALI
EN CONFORMIDAD
LASTLY LSTLI
EN REALIDAD
LIKEWISE LIKWAIZ
AN CUANDO AUNQUE A PESAR DE MEANWHILE MNWAIL
DE TODOS MODOS
MOREOVER MROUVER
ADEMS
NEVERTHELESS NVERELS
EN CONSECUENCIA
NEXT NKST
A PESAR DE NO OBSTANTE
NONETHELESS NANELES
IGUALMENTE
OTHERWISE ERWAIZ
lNALMENTE POR lN
SIMILARLY SMILARLI
EN PRIMER LUGAR PRIMERAMENTE SO SU
ADEMS
SUBSEQUENTLY SBSIKWENTLI
DE AQU QUE POR LO TANTO THEN EN
SIN EMBARGO NO OBSTANTE THEREFORE ARFOR
EN EFECTO POR CIERTO
THUS AS
INICIALMENTE AL COMIENZO INSTEAD INSTD
EN LTIMO TRMINO
DEL MISMO MODO AS MISMO
MIENTRAS TANTO
ADEMS POR OTRA PARTE
SIN EMBARGO NO OBSTANTE
DESPUS ENSEGUIDA ACTO SEGUIDO
SIN EMBARGO NO OBSTANTE ELLO
DE OTRO MODO DE LO CONTRARIO
SIMILARMENTE DEL MISMO MODO
POR LO TANTO EN CONSECUENCIA
POSTERIORMENTE CON POSTERIORIDAD
POR LO TANTO ENTONCES PUES
POR LO TANTO POR CONSIGUIENTE
AS DE ESTE MODO
EN CAMBIO EN LUGAR DE ESO
0HRASAL ADVERBIAL CONNECTIVES
AFTER ALL FTER L
DESPUS DE TODO
AS A CONSEQUENCE AZ KNSIKWENS COMO RESULTADO DE ELLO
AS A MATTER OF FACT AZ MTER OV F|KT EN REALIDAD
COMO RESULTADO DE ELLO
AS A RESULT AZ RIZLT
AN AS
EVEN SO VN SU
EN PRIMER TRMINO
lRST OF ALL FRST V L
POR EJEMPLO
FOR EXAMPLE FOR IGZMPL
POR EJEMPLO
FOR INSTANCE FOR NSTANS
FOR ONE THING FOR WAN I EN PRIMER LUGAR
FOR THAT REASON FOR | T RZN POR ESE MOTIVO
IN FACT IN FKT
DE HECHO EN REALIDAD
IN ADDITION IN ADSHON
ADEMS
IN SPITE OF THAT IN SPIT V T A PESAR DE ELLO
IN THE lRST PLACE IN FRST PLIS EN PRIMER LUGAR
IN THE MEANTIME IN MNTAIM MIENTRAS TANTO
IN THE SAME WAY IN SEIM WI DEL MISMO MODO
ON ONE HAND N WAN H| ND POR UN LADO
ON THE OTHER HAND N I R H| ND POR OTRO LADO
TO BEGIN WITH TU BIGN WI
PARA COMENZAR
TO START WITH TU STRT WI
PARA COMENZAR
%XAMPLES
0ETER AND 4OM WENT TO VISIT (ANS IN HOSPITAL
"OTH 0ETER AND 4OM WENT TO SEE (ANS IN HOSPITAL
(E STUDIED HARD AS WELL BUT HE DIDN|T DO WELL IN THE TEST
(E DIDN|T STUDY HARD ENOUGH SO HE FAILED THE EXAM
!LICE STUDIED VERY HARD YET SHE DIDN|T PASS HER EXAM
(E|S MY BEST FRIEND BESIDES WE|VE KNOWN EACH OTHER ALL OUR LIVES
(E GAVE HER A BEAUTIFUL DIAMOND MOREOVER HE TOOK HER TO %UROPE
4HE YARD IS TOO BIG FURTHERMORE WE CAN|T AFFORD THE HOUSE
4HE STUDENT SPEAKS %NGLISH WELL IN ADDITION HE SEEMS TO KNOW A LOT ABOUT OUR CUSTOMS
)|M GETTING ALONG QUITE WELL HOWEVER MY ROOMMATE IS NOT DOING SO WELL
-ARY WAS SICK NEVERTHELESS SHE CAME TO CLASS
)T|S COLD OUTSIDE NONETHELESS WE HAVE TO WASH THE CAR
/N ONE HAND THE HOUSE IS NOT VERY COMFORTABLE ON THE OTHER HAND IT HAS AN EXCELLENT LOCATION
&IRST HE WENT TO THE POST OFlCE THEN HE WENT TO THE BANK
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
"L
+EY TO ANSWERS
5.)4
!
%X HAS
STARTED HAS BEEN HAS
LEFT HAVE SEEN HAVE LIVED HAS
RECEIVED HAS GONE HAS WORKED
HAS
BEEN HAVE
READ HAS SPOKEN HAVE MET
%X 4HE SOCCER GAME HASN|T lNISHED YET (AS THE SOCCER GAME lNISHED ALREADY YET 0ETER HASN|T HAD DINNER
YET (AS 0ETER HAD DINNER ALREADY YET 4HEY HAVEN|T STUDIED THE REPORT (AVE THEY STUDIED THE REPORT 4HE PLANE
HASN|T LEFT YET (AS THE PLANE LEFT ALREADY YET *OHN HASN|T SENT THEM A FAX (AS *OHN SENT THEM A FAX 4HEY
HAVEN|T GIVEN HER (AVE THEY GIVEN HER
%X (OW MANY TIMES HAS 4OM SEEN THAT SAME MOVIE 7HAT HAVE THEY BOUGHT 7HY HAS HE GONE TO BED
(OW LONG HAS 4OM LIVED IN 0AKISTN (OW MANY BOOKS HAVE THEY SOLD TODAY (OW LONG HAS 0AUL WORKED FOR
OUR COMPANY 7HAT HAVE YOU EATEN 7HERE HAS *OHN BEEN 7HY HASN|T !NN ANSWERED THE LETTERS 7HAT
HAVE THE BOYS DONE TODAY (OW LONG HAVE WE YOU WAITED FOR THEM (OW MANY TIMES HAVE THE STUDENTS
DONE THE SAME EXERCISE
%X .O )|VE NEVER BEEN THERE 9ES SHE|S BEEN THERE TWICE .O THEY|VE NEVER SEEN ONE 9ES )|VE DRIVEN ONE
ONCE OR TWICE 9ES HE|S LIVED ABROAD SEVERAL TIMES .O )|VE NEVER SEEN HIM IN PERSON 9ES SHE|S COME HERE A
COUPLE OF TIMES
%X ) HAVEN|T READ THAT BOOK YET 4HE GENERAL HAS ALREADY GONE TO THE MEETING 4HEY|VE BEEN HERE SEVERAL
TIMES BEFORE (AVE YOU WATCHED 46 THIS AFTERNOON EVENING *OHN -Y FATHER
IN
LAW HAS LIVED IN THIS CITY ALL HIS
LIFE 7HAT HAS -ARY TOLD YOU ABOUT THAT 4HEY|VE STUDIED %NGLISH FOR MORE THAN TWO YEARS 7HY HAVEN|T YOU
VISITED #ALIFORNIA YET (OW LONG HAVE YOU WORKED IN THE ARMY 7HERE HAVE THEY BEEN SINCE EIGHT O|CLOCK THIS
MORNING
"
%X WITHOUT AFTER SAYING BEFORE EATING WITHOUT AFTER PAYING BY WORKING ABOUT TAKING BEFORE LEAVING
BEFORE GOING
%X WAITING SPEAKING READING TAKING EATING RIDING BEING HITTING HAVING VISITING
%X MAKING LISTENING APPLYING WASHING BEING WORKING USING SEEING ANSWERING
BEING TRYING
%X PLAYING TENNIS $RIVING HAVING BEEN DRIVING TOO FAST GOING FOR A SWIM "REAKING HAVING BROKEN
WAITING A FEW MINUTES
%X TRAVELLING DURING THE RUSH HOUR GOING AWAY TOMORROW NOT HAVING A LICENSE TURNING THE RADIO DOWN PLEASE
NOT INTERRUPTING ME ALL THE TIME
%X 0OSSIBLE ANSWERS GOING OUT THIS EVENING STANDING UP GOING OUT FOR A WALK LAUGHING BREAKING
DOWN
%X OF SWIMMING ON GOING IN SPEAKING TO SEEING FROM HITTING OF SEEING OF DOING ABOUT STUDYING
OF DRIVING OF WAITING OF TAKING OF lNISHING
%X INSTEAD OF GOING TO THE UNIVERSITY INSTEAD OF GOING ABROAD INSTEAD OF VISITING THE 3MITHS
INSTEAD OF WORKING IN HIS FATHER|S STORE INSTEAD OF STAYING AT THE HOME OF HIS COUSIN INSTEAD OF REMAINING A
BACHELOR INSTEAD OF DRIVING IN THEIR NEW CAR
%X 0OSSIBLE ANSWERS MOVING INTO A LARGER HOUSE GOING TO VACUUMING DOING SNOWING BUYING TAKING
LOOKING FOR PRACTISING VISITING SPEAKING WORKING CLOSING
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%X BUYING A NEW CAR GETTING A 4OYOTA READING A GOOD BOOK SMOKING TRYING DOING THINGS DOING HIS
HOMEWORK HELPING HIM TAPPING YOUR lNGERNAILS ON THE TABLE GOING TO THE ZOO ON 3ATURDAY REPEATING THAT
%X TO GO WATER
SKIING WENT CAMPING TO GO SHOPPING GOES JOGGING LIKE TO GO SKIING LIKES TREKKING
GOES BOWLING GO DANCING ARE GOING TO GO ICE
SKATING LIKE TO GO SAILING GO SIGHT
SEEING LIKE TO GO
SKY
DIVING LIKE TO GO lSHING WINDOW
SHOPPING SWIMMING ETC
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
5.)4
0!24 %, 4)%-0/ 02%3%.4% 0%2&%#4/ #/.4).5/ 4(% 02%3%.4 0%2&%##4 #/.4).5/53
%STE TIEMPO VERBAL EST FORMADO POR EL PRESENTE PERFECTO DE 4O "E (!6% "%%. HAV BN (!3 "%%. HAZ BN MS UN
'%25.$)/ DE UN VERBO PRINCIPAL
%STE TIEMPO VERBAL DESCRIBE UNA ACCIN QUE COMENZ EN EL PASADO Y HA CONTINUADO REALIZNDOSE EN FORMA ININTERRUMPIDA
HASTA ESTE MOMENTO HASTA ESTA FECHA .ORMALMENTE ESTE TIEMPO DESCRIBE ACCIONES QUE SE EMPEZARON A REALIZAR HACE
POCO TIEMPO
,EA ESCUCHE Y APRENDA
4OM HAS BEEN WORKING THERE SINCE TM HAZ BN WRKI AR SINS IT RTI 4OM HA ESTADO TRABAJANDO AH DESDE
LAS
4HEY HAVE BEEN LIVING IN -IAMI SINCE I HAV BN LVI IN MAIMI SINS NINTIN ITI FIV %LLOS HAN ESTADO VIVIENDO EN
-IAMI DESDE
7E|VE BEEN STUDYING %NGLISH FOR OVER TWO MONTHS WV BN STDII IGLISH FOR UVER T MNS .OSOTROS HEMOS ESTADO
ESTUDIANDO INGLS POR MS DE DOS MESES
)T|S BEEN RAINING FOR ABOUT AN HOUR ITS BN RINI FOR ABUT AN UAR (A ESTADO LLOVIENDO CERCA DE UNA HORA
#OMPARE
(E|S WORKED THERE FOR MANY YEARS HIZ WRKT AR FOR MNI YARZ %L HA TRABAJADO ALL POR MUCHOS AOS
(E|S BEEN WORKING THERE FOR ABOUT HOURS HIZ BN WRKI AR FOR ABUT T UARZ %L HA ESTADO TRABAJANDO ALL APROX
HORAS
4HEY |VE LIVED IN THE 3OUTH EVER SINCE THEY GOT MARRIED IV LVD IN E SU VER SINS I GT MRID %LLOS HAN VIVIDO EN EL
SUR DESDE QUE SE CASARON
4HEY|VE BEEN LIVING IN THAT HOUSE FOR AT LEAST TWO MONTHS IV BIN LVI IN E SU FOR AT LST T MNS %LLOS HAN ESTADO
VIVIENDO EN ESA CASA POR LO MENOS MESES
,A FORMA NEGATIVA SE EXPRESA USANDO (!6%.|4 "%%. HVNT BN (!3.|4 "%%. HZNT BN MS EL '%25.$)/ Y
EN LA FORMA INTERROGATIVA DE DEBE USAR (!6%(!3 DELANTE DEL SUJETO DE LA ORACIN
,EA ESCUCHE Y APRENDA
4OM HASN|T BEEN WORKING THERE FOR MORE THAN HOURS TM HZNT BN WRKI AR FOR MAR AN T UARZ
4OM NO HA ESTADO TRABAJANDO ALL POR MS DE DOS HORAS
(AVE THEY BEEN LIVING THERE VERY LONG HAV EI BN LVI AR VRI L z(AN ESTADO ELLOS VIVIENDO ALL MUCHO TIEMPO
(OW LONG HAVE YOU BEEN PRACTISING %NGLISH TODAY HU LO HAV I BIN PRKTISI GLISH TUDI z#UNTO TIEMPO HAS ESTADO
PRACTICANDO INGLS HOY DA
,A PREGUNTA MS HABITUAL EN ESTE TIEMPO ES
7(!4 (!6% 9/5 "%%. $/).' WT AV IU BIN DI z1U HA ESTADO HACIENDO 5D
%8%2#)3%3
%X #OMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING THE VERB PROVIDED IN THE 0RESENT 0ERFECT #ONTINUOUS 4ENSE
4OM ??????????????????????????????? HERE FOR SEVERAL MONTHS LIVE
4HEY ??????????????????????????????? IN THE OFlCE FOR SEVERAL HOURS WORK
4HAT MAN ??????????????????????????????? THERE FOR ABOUT HOURS SIT
4HE CADETS ??????????????????????????????? AT ATTENTION FOR ABOUT MINUTES STAND
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
) ??????????????????????????????? FOR THE BUS FOR MORE THAN MINUTES WAIT
*ACK AND -ARY ??????????????????????????????? IN THE PARK FOR NEARLY AN HOUR RUN
4HE COMMANDER ??????????????????????????????? THE REPORT ALL EVENING READ
-ISS "LACK ??????????????????????????????? HER NEW NOVEL SINCE !PRIL WRITE
4HE OFlCERS ??????????????????????????????? IN THE GYM FOR ABOUT MINUTES WORK OUT
4HE GENERALS ???????????????????????????????THE SITUATION ALL MORNING DISCUSS
%X #HANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO A NEGATIVE AND B INTERROGATIVE
(E|S BEEN LIVING IN #ARACAS SINCE
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HEY|VE BEEN PLAYING TENNIS SINCE MIDDAY
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
*ANE|S BEEN FEELING WELL SINCE -ARCH
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HEY|VE BEEN DISCUSSING THE NEW PROJECT TOO LONG
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
"OB|S BEEN SWIMMING ALL MORNING
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X !SK QUESTIONS USING QUESTION WORDS LIKE 7HAT 7HERE 7HEN (OW LONG ETC
(ENRY|S BEEN READING THE NEWSPAPER ALL MORNING
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
"ILL|S BEEN SLEEPING ALL MORNING
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HEY|VE BEEN STAYING AT THE 2EX (OTEL
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HEY|VE BEEN SAVING MONEY BECAUSE THEY|RE PLANNING TO BUY A HOUSE
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
-Y FRIENDS HAVE BEEN LIVING IN -ADRID SINCE $ECEMBER
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE BOY|S BEEN LISTENING TO THE RADIO SINCE O|CLOCK
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HEY|VE BEEN WAITING FOR A TAXI FOR ABOUT MINUTES
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
0!24 )) 53% /& ).&).)4)6%3 !.$ '%25.$3 ))
! 6%2" 4/
).&).)4)6%
#IERTOS VERBOS COMO 4/ 7!.4 WONT QUERER 4/ $%#)$% DISID DECIDIR 4/ 7)3( WISH DESEAR 4/ 0,!. PLN
PLANEAR PENSAR ETC VAN SEGUIDOS POR TO )NlNITIVE
,OS SIGUIENTES VERBOS VAN SEGUIDOS DE TO INlNITIVE
4O AGREE AGR
4O AFFORD AFRD
4O AIM IM
4O ARRANGE ARRINDLL
4O ASK ASK
4O ATTEMPT ATMPT
4O CLAIM KLIM
4O DECIDE DISID
4O DESERVE DIS|RV
4O FAIL FIL
4O FORGET FORGT
!CORDAR
$ISPONER DINERO O TIEMPO
!SPIRAR
#ONVENIR
3OLICITAR
)NTENTAR
2ECLAMAR AlRMAR AUTORA
$ECIDIR
-ERECER
.O CONSEGUIR NO LOGRAR
/LVIDAR
4O HOPE HOUP
4O LEARN LRN
4O MANAGE M|NIDLL
4O MEAN MIN
4O OFFER FER
4O PLAN PLN
4O PRETEND PRITND
4O PROMISE PRMIS
4O REFUSE RElZ
4O THREATEN RTEN
4O WANT WONT
%SPERAR DESEAR
!PRENDER
#ONSEGUIR LOGRAR
4ENER INTENCIN DE QUERER DECIR
/FRECERSE
0LANIlCAR
&INGIR SIMULAR
0ROMETER
2EHUSAR NEGARSE A
!MENAZAR
1UERER NECESITAR
%JEMPLOS
3AM WAS IN A DIFlCULT SITUATION SO ) AGREED TO LEND HIM SOME MONEY
) CAN|T AFFORD TO BUY A (ONDA CAR
7E AIM TO INCREASE OUR EXPORTS TO %UROPE
4HE MAN ATTEMPTED TO ESCAPE FROM THE PRISON TWICE
0ETER WANTS TO STUDY ENGENEERING 4HE BOY DOESN|T WANT TO DO HIS HOMEWORK NOW
) PROMISE TO HELP YOU 3HE PROMISED NOT TO BE LATE
4HE WOMAN PRETENDS TO KNOW EVERYTHING
%XISTEN ALGUNAS VARIANTES DE LA ESTRUCTURA PRESENTADA ANTERIORMENTE QUE SON LAS SIGUIENTES
6ERB TO BE ADJECTIVE
%STA ESTRUCTURA ES MUY COMN CON LOS SIGUIENTES VERBOS 4/ !00%!2 APAR APARECER VERSE 4/ 02%4%.$ PRITND
lNGIR SIMULAR 4/ 3%%- SIM PARECER 4/ 4%.$ TEND TENDER A
4HEY SEEM TO BE VERY ANNOYED
4HE STUDENTS TEND TO BE NEGLIGENT
6ERB TO BE 'ERUND #ONTINUOUS )NlNITIVE
,OS VERBOS 4/ !00%!2 APAR APARECER VERSE 4/ 02%4%.$ PRITND lNGIR SIMULAR 4/ 3%%- SIM PARECER 4/
4%.$ TEND TENDER A TAMBIEN PUEDEN IR SEGUIDOS DE 4/ "% 'ERUND
-ARY APPEARED TO BE SUFFERING TOO MUCH
4HEY SEEM TO BE DOING WELL NOW
(E PRETENDED TO BE READING THE PAPER
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
6ERB TO HAVE 0AST 0ARTICIPLE 0ERFECT )NlNITIVE
(AY ALGUNOS VERBOS QUE PUEDEN IR SEGUIDOS DE 4/ (!6% UN 0ASADO 0ARTICIPIO
4HEY SEEM TO HAVE BEEN DOING WELL SO FAR SO FAR HASTA AHORA
"OB SEEMS TO HAVE LOST WEIGHT
|
4HE )2! CLAIMED TO HAVE PLANTED THE BOMB IN THE CAR
6ERB 7H TO )NlNITIVE
$ESPUS DE LOS VERBOS 4/ !3+ ASK SOLICITAR PEDIR 4/ $%#)$% DISID DECIDIR 4/ +./7 NU SABER 4/
5.$%234!.$ ANDERSTND ENTENDER SE PUEDE USAR UNA PALABRA INTERROGATIVA SEGUIDA DE TO INlNITIVO
7E ASKED HOW TO GET TO THE STATION
(AVE YOU DECIDED WHERE TO GO FOR YOUR HOLIDAYS
) DON|T KNOW WHETHER TO APPLY FOR THE JOB OR NOT
$O YOU UNDERSTAND WHAT TO DO
6ERB 3OMEBODY WH TO INlNITIVE
,OS VERBOS 4/ 3(/7 SHU MOSTRAR 4/ 4%,, TEL DECIR 4/ !3+ ASK PEDIR SOLICITAR 4/ !$6)3% ADVIZ ACONSEJAR
Y 4/ 4%!#( TITCH ENSEAR PUEDEN IR SEGUIDOS POR UN COMPLEMENTO INDIRECTO 0ETER -ARY THE STUDENT ME HIM
THEM ETC UNA PALABRA INTERROGATIVA WHAT WHERE WHEN ETC UN TO INlNITIVE
#AN SOMEONE SHOW ME HOW TO CHANGE THE lLM IN THIS CAMERA
) TOLD THEM WHAT TO DO AND WHERE TO GO IN ,ONDON
"OB TAUGHT US HOW TO USE THE COMPUTER
6ERB SOMEBODY TO INlNITIVE
,OS SIGUIENTES VERBOS PUEDEN IR SEGUIDOS POR A UN TO )NlNITIVE O POR B UN #OMPLEMENTO )NDIRECTO TO )NIlNITIVE
!
"
4O WANT WONT QUERER
4O ASK ASK PEDIR
4O EXPECT IKSPKT ESPERAR
4O BEG BEG ROGAR
4O MEAN MIN TENER LA INTENCIN DE
) WOULD LIKE WUD LAIK ME GUSTARA
) WOULD PREFER WUD PRIF|R PREFERIRA
) WOULD LOVE WUD LAV ME ENCANTARA
) WOULD HATE WUD HIT ME DESAGRADARA
) WANT TO GO THERE
(E ASKED TO TAKE PART
7E EXPECT TO BE THERE SOON
) BEGGED TO SEE THE PHOTOS
4HEY DON|T MEAN TO DO IT NOW
) WOULD LIKE TO GO
)|D PREFER TO DO IT NOW
)|D LOVE TO GO TO THE CLUB
)|D HATE TO DO THAT HERE
) WANT YOU TO GO THERE
(E ASKED US TO TAKE PART
7E EXPECT YOU TO BE THERE SOON
) BEGGED THEM TO SEE THE PHOTOS
) DON|T MEAN YOU TO DO IT NOW
)|D LIKE YOU TO GO
)|D PREFER THEM TO DO IT NOW
)|D LOVE YOU TO GO TO THE CLUB
)|D HATE THE BOYS TO DO IT HERE
" 6%2" "!2% ).&).)4)6%
,OS VERBOS 4/ -!+% MEIK HACER OBLIGAR Y 4/ ,%4 LET PERMITIR DEJAR VAN SEGUIDOS DE UN "!2% ).&).)4)6/ )NlNITIVE
SIN 4/ EN LA SIGUIENTE ESTRUCTURA
4/ -!+% 4/ ,%4 3OMEBODY BARE INlNITIVE
9OU MAKE ME FEEL HAPPY .O SE DEBE DECIR h9OU MAKE ME 4/ FEEL HAPPYv 4 ME HACES SENTIR FELIZ
4HE CUSTOMS OFlCER MADE 3ALLY OPEN HER SUITCASE %L OlCIAL DE ADUANA HIZO A !LICE ABRIR SU MALETA
(OT WEATHER MAKES ME FEEL TIRED %L TIEMPO CALUROSO ME HACE SENTIR CANSADO
(ER PARENTS WOULDN|T LET HER GO OUT ALONE 3US PADRES NO LE PERMITIRAN A ELLA SALIR SOLA
,ET ME CARRY YOUR BAG FOR YOU MADAM 0ERMTAME LLEVARLE SU BOLSO SEORA
0LEASE LET ME GO OUT 0OR FAVOR DJEME SALIR
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
# 6%2"/ '%25.$ O "!2% ).&).)4)6%
,OS VERBOS DE PERCEPCIN 4/ 3%% S VER 4/ (%!2 HAR OIR 4/ 7!4#( WTCH OBSERVAR VAN SEGUIDOS DE UN GERUND
CUANDO NOS REFERIMOS A UNA ACCIN PARCIAL O DE UN BARE INlNITIVE CUANDO NOS REFERIMOS A LA ACCIN COMPLETA
%JEMPLOS
) SAW HER CROSSING THE ROAD PARTE DE LA ACCIN
) SAW HER CROSS THE ROAD ACCIN COMPLETA
,A V CRUZANDO LA CALLE
,A VI CRUZAR LA CALLE
7E HEARD THEM SINGING A SONG PARTE DE LA ACCIN ,OS O CANTANDO UNA CANCIN
7E HEARD THEM SING TEN SONGS ACCIN COMPLETA ,OS O CANTAR CANCIONES
$ 6%2" 3/-%"/$9 4/
).&).)4)6%"!2% ).&).)4)6%
%L VERBO 4/ (%,0 HLP AYUDAR PUEDE IR SEGUIDO INDISTINTAMENTE DE UN TO
)NlNITIVE O UN BARE )NlNITIVE
%JEMPLO
#AN YOU HELP ME TO LIFT LIFT THIS BOX PLEASE
%8%2#)3%3
%X #OMPLETE THE SENTENCES FOR EACH SITUATION
4OM 3HALL WE GET MARRIED
"ETTY 9ES LET|S
4HEY DECIDED ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
*ACK 0LEASE HELP ME
-ARY /+
-ARY AGREED ???????????????????????????????????????????????????
"OB #AN ) CARRY YOUR BAG FOR YOU
7OMAN .O THANKS ) CAN MANAGE
"OB OFFERED ????????????????????????????????????????????????????
"OB ,ET|S MEET AT O|CLOCK
(ANS /+ lNE
4HEY ARRANGED ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
-AN 7HAT|S YOUR NAME
7OMAN )|M NOT GOING TO TELL YOU
4HE WOMAN REFUSED ?????????????????????????????????????????????
%X #OMPLETE EACH SENTENCE WITH A SUITABLE VERB
$ONT FORGET ????????????????????????????? THE LETTER ) GAVE YOU
4HERE WAS A LOT OF TRAFlC BUT WE MANAGED ?????????????????????????????TO THE AIRPORT IN TIME
*ILL HAS DECIDED NOT ????????????????????????????? A CAR
7EVE GOT A NEW COMPUTER IN OUR OFlCE ) HAVENT LEARNT HOW ????????????????????????????? IT YET
) WONDER WHERE 3UE IS 3HE PROMISED NOT????????????????????????????? LATE
7E WERE ALL TOO AFRAID TO SPEAK .OBODY DARED ????????????????????????????? ANYTHING
%X 0UT THE VERB INTO THE CORRECT FORM TO
)NlNITIVE OR
ING
7HEN )M TIRED ) ENJOY ????????????????????????????? TELEVISION )TS RELAXING WATCH
)T WAS A NICE DAY SO WE DECIDED ????????????????????????????? FOR A WALK GO
)TS A NICE DAY $OES ANYONE FANCY ????????????????????????????? FOR A WALK GO
)M NOT IN A HURRY ) DONT MIND ????????????????????????????? WAIT
4HEY DONT HAVE MUCH MONEY 4HEY CANT AFFORD ????????????????????????????? OUT VERY OFTEN GO
) WISH THAT DOG WOULD STOP ????????????????????????????? )TS DRIVING ME MAD BARK
/UR NEIGHBOUR THREATENED ????????????????????????????? THE POLICE IF WE DIDNT STOP THE NOISE CALL
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
7E WERE HUNGRY SO ) SUGGESTED ????????????????????????????? DINNER EARLY HAVE
(URRY UP ) DONT WANT TO RISK ????????????????????????????? THE TRAIN MISS
)M STILL LOOKING FOR A JOB BUT ) HOPE ?????????????????????????????SOMETHING SOON lND
%X -AKE A NEW SENTENCE USING THE VERB IN BRACKETS
(E HAS LOST WEIGHTSEEM
4OM IS WORRIED ABOUT SOMETHING APPEAR
9OU KNOW A LOT OF PEOPLE SEEM
-Y %NGLISH IS GETTING BETTER SEEM
4HAT CAR HAS BROKEN DOWN APPEAR
$AVID FORGETS THINGSTEND
4HEY HAVE SOLVED THE PROBLEM CLAIM
(E ????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
9OU ???????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X #OMPLETE EACH SENTENCE USING WHATHOWWHETHER ONE OF THESE VERBS
DO GET GO RIDE SAY USE
$O YOU KNOW ????????????????????????????? TO *OHNS HOUSE
#AN YOU SHOW ME????????????????????????????? THIS WASHING MACHINE
7OULD YOU KNOW????????????????????????????? IF THERE WAS A lRE IN THE BUILDING
9OU|LL NEVER FORGET ????????????????????????????? A BICYCLE ONCE YOU HAVE LEARNED
) WAS REALLY ASTONISHED ) DIDNT KNOW ?????????????????????????????
)VE BEEN INVITED TO THE PARTY BUT ) DONT KNOW ????????????????????????????? OR NOT
%X #OMPLETE THE QUESTIONS 5SE $/ 9/5 7!.4 -% 4/ OR 7/5,$ 9/5 ,)+% -% 4/ WITH ONE OF THESE
VERBS ANY OTHER NECESSARY WORDS 4/ #/-% 4/ ,%.$ 4/ 2%0%!4 4/ 3(/7 4/ 3(54 4/ 7!)4
$O YOU WANT TO GO ALONE OR DO YOU WANT ME TO ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????
(AVE YOU GOT ENOUGH MONEY OR DO YOU WANT ME TO ???????????????????????????????????????????????????
3HALL ) LEAVE THE WINDOW OPEN OR WOULD YOU LIKE ME TO ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
$O YOU KNOW HOW TO USE THE MACHINE OR WOULD ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????
$ID YOU HEAR WHAT ) SAID OR DO ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
#AN GO NOW OR DO ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X #OMP)ETE THE SENTENCES FOR EACH SITUATION
3UE ,OCK THE DOOR
(ANS /+
3UE TOLD (ANS TO LOCK THE DOOR
4OM "ETTY
*OHN 9ES )|D LOVE TO
4OM AND "ETTY INVITED *OHN
7HY DON|T YOU COME AND STAY WITH US FOR A FEW DAYS
"OB #AN ) USE YOUR PHONE
-ARY WOULDN|T LET
-ARY .O
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
3YLVIA "E CAREFUL
3YLVIA WARNED
(ANS $ON|T WORRY ) WILL
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4OM #AN YOU GIVE ME A HAND *ANE 9ES OF COURSE
4OM ASKED
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X #OMPLETE THESE SENTENCES SO THAT THE MEANING IS SIMILAR TO THE lRST SENTENCE
-Y FATHER SAID ) COULD USE HIS CAR
-Y FATHER ALLOWED ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
) WAS SURPRISED THAT IT RAINED
) DIDNT EXPECT ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
$ON|T STOP HIM DOING WHAT HE WANTS
,ET ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E LOOKS OLDER WHEN HE WEARS GLASSES
'LASSES MAKE ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
) THINK YOU SHOULD KNOW THE TRUTH
) WANT ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
$ONT LET ME FORGET TO PHONE MY SISTER
2EMIND ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
!T lRST ) DIDNT WANT TO APPLY FOR THE JOB BUT 3ARAH PERSUADED ME
3ARAH PERSUADED ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
-Y LAWYER SAID SHOULDNT SAY ANYTHING TO THE POLICE
-Y LAWYER ADVISED ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
) WAS TOLD THAT SHOULDNT BELIEVE EVERYTHING HE SAYS
) WAS WARNED NOT ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
)F YOUVE GOT A CAR YOU ARE ABLE TO TRAVEL ROUND MORE EASILY
(AVING A CAR ENABLES ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X 0UT THE VERB IN THE RIGHT FORM
ING OR INlNITIVE WITH OR WITHOUT TO
3HE DOESNT ALLOW US ????????????????????????????? IN THE HOUSE SMOKE
)VE NEVER BEEN TO )CELAND BUT )D LIKE ?????????????????????????????THERE GO
)M IN A DIFlCULT POSITION 7HAT DO YOU ADVISE ME ????????????????????????????? DO
3HE SAID THE LETTER WAS PERSONAL AND WOULDN|T LET ME ?????????????????????????????IT READ
(E WAS KEPT AT THE POLICE STATION FOR TWO HOURS AND THEN HE WAS ALLOWED ????????????????????????????? GO
7HERE WOULD YOU RECOMMEND ME ????????????????????????????? FOR MY HOLIDAYS GO
) WOULDNT RECOMMEND YOU?????????????????????????????IN THAT RESTAURANT 4HE FOOD IS AWFUL EAT
4HE lLM WAS VERY SAD )T MADE ME ????????????????????????????? CRY
#AROLS PARENTS ALWAYS ENCOURAGED HER ?????????????????????????????HARD AT SCHOOL STUDY
% 6%2"3 ).'4/
).&).)4)6%
!LGUNOS VERBOS PUEDEN IR SEGUIDOS INDISTINTAMENTE DE UN GERUNDIO O DE UN TO
INlNITIVE SIN CAMBIAR DE SIGNIlCADO
,OS VERBOS MS COMUNES DE ESTE TIPO SON 4/ 02%&%2 PRIFR PREFERIR 4/ "%'). BIGN EMPEZAR 4/ 34!24 STRT
COMENZAR 4/ #/.4).5% KONTNIU SEGUIR CONTINUAR 4/ ,)+% LIK GUSTARLE A UNO 4/ ,/6% LAV ENCANTERLE A UNO 4/
(!4% HEIT DESAGRADAR 4/ ).4%.$ INTND TENER LA INTENCIN DE #!.|4 34!.$ KNT STND NO SOPORTAR
,OS VERBOS 4/ 2%-%-"%2 RIMMBER RECORDAR RECORDARSE 4/ 2%'2%4 RIGRT LAMENTAR ARREPENTIRSE 4/ 34/0 STOP
PARAR PARAR DETENERSE 4/ '/ /. GOU ON CONTINUAR TAMBIN PUEDEN IR SEGUIDOS DE UN GERUNDIO O UN TO
INlNITIVE PERO
A DIFERENCIA DE LOS ANTERIORES ESTOS CAMBIAN DE SIGNIlCADO DE LA ORACIN
)T STARTED SNOWING AROUND MIDNIGHT
7E CONTINUED WORKING UNTIL
) LIKE LISTENING TO MUSIC WHILE )|M STUDYING
) LOVE GOING TO BASEBALL GAMES
) CAN|T STAND WAITING IN LINES TOO LONG
)T STARTED TO SNOW AROUND MIDNIGHT
7E CONTINUED TO WORK UNTIL
) LIKE TO LISTEN TO MUSIC WHILE )|M STUDYING
) LOVE TO GO TO BASEBALL GAMES
) CAN|T STAND TO WAIT IN LINES TOO LONG
) REMEMBER DOING THAT ) DID IT AND NOW ) REMEMBER IT 2ECUERDO HABER HECHO ESO
) REMEMBERED TO DO THAT ) REMEMBERED ) HAD TO DO THAT SO ) DID THAT -E ACORD DE HACER ESO
) REGRET SAYING WHAT ) SAID ) SAID THAT AND NOW ) AM SORRY ABOUT IT ,AMENTO HABER DICHO LO QUE DIJE
) REGRET TO SAY THAT WE CAN|T SEND THE PRICE LISTS YET )|M SORRY THAT ) HAVE TO SAY THAT ,AMENTO DECIR QUE AN NO
PODEMOS ENVIARLE LA LISTA DE PRECIOS
4HEY STOPPED WORKING IN THE lELDS WHEN IT STARTED TO RAIN RAINING
4HEY HAVE BEEN WORKING ALL MORNING AND FEEL VERY TIRED 4HEY WILL STOP IN ORDER TO REST FOR A WHILE
4HE MINISTER WENT ON TALKING FOR TWO HOURS (E TALKED ABOUT THE SAME THING %L MINISTRO SIGUI HABLANDO POR DOS HORAS
!FTER DISCUSSING THE ECONOMY THE MINISTER THEN WENT ON TO TALK ABOUT FOREIGN POLICY $ESPUS DE HABLAR ACERCA DE
LA ECONOMA EL MINISTRO PAS A HABLAR ACERCA DE LA POLTICA EXTERIOR
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%8%2#)3%3
%X #OMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE 4/
).&).)4)6% OR THE '%25.$ FORM OF THE WORDS IN PARENTHESES
) NEED TO STUDY TONIGHT STUDY
) ENJOY COOKING GOURMET MEALS COOK
(ELEN STARTED TALKINGTO TALK ABOUT HER PROBLEM TALK
"UD AND 3ALLY HAVE DECIDED ????????????????????????????? MARRIED GET
7E lNISHED ????????????????????????????? AROUND SEVEN EAT
!RE YOU PLANNING ????????????????????????????? A VACATION THIS YEAR TAKE
) LIKE ????????????????????????????? NEW PEOPLE MEET
4HE 7ILSONS WENT ????????????????????????????? IN 9ELLOWSTONE .ATIONAL 0ARK LAST SUMMER CAMP
-Y ROOMMATE OFFERED ????????????????????????????? ME WITH MY %NGLISH HELP
)VE JUST BEGUN ????????????????????????????? A MOVIE ON 46 WATCH
0LEASE STOP ????????????????????????????? YOUR KNUCKLES CRACK
$ID YOU REMEMBER ????????????????????????????? THE CAT THIS MORNING FEED
WONT BE LATE PROMISE ????????????????????????????? ON TIME BE
)M CONSIDERING ????????????????????????????? TO A NEW APARTMENT MOVE
7HAT TIME DO YOU EXPECT ????????????????????????????? IN $ENVER ARRIVE
3OME CHILDREN HATE ?????????????????????????????
TO SCHOOL GO
) FORGOT ????????????????????????????? THE DOOR WHEN ) LEFT MY APARTMENT THIS MORNING LOCK
) DONT MIND ????????????????????????????? WITH FOUR ROOMMATES LIVE
$ONT PUT OFF ????????????????????????????? YOUR COMPOSITION UNTIL THE LAST MINUTE WRITE
+EN HAD TO QUIT ????????????????????????????? BECAUSE HE HURT HIS KNEE JOG
4HE COMPANY WILL CONTINUE ????????????????????????????? NEW EMPLOYEES AS LONG AS NEW PRODUCTION ORDERS
KEEP ?????????????????????????????IN HIRE COME
4HATS NOT WHAT ) MEANT MEANT ????????????????????????????? JUST THE OPPOSITE SAY
) WANT ?????????????????????????????THIS AFTERNOON GO SHOP
!LEX SEEMS ????????????????????????????? THIS WEEKEND WANT GO SAIL
%X 5SE THE VERB PROVIDED IN THE CORRECT FORM 4/
).&).)4)6% OR '%25.$ 3OMETIMES EITHER FORM IS
POSSIBLE
4HEY DENIED ?????????????????????????????THE MONEY STEAL
) DONT ENJOY ?????????????????????????????VERY MUCH DRIVE
) DONT WANT ?????????????????????????????OUT TONIGHT )M TOO TIRED GO
) CANT AFFORD ????????????????????????????? OUT TONIGHT HAVENT GOT ENOUGH MONEY GO
(AS IT STOPPED ????????????????????????????? YET RAIN
#AN YOU REMIND ME????????????????????????????? SOME COFFEE WHEN WE GO OUT BUY
7HY DO YOU KEEP ?????????????????????????????ME QUESTIONS #ANT YOU LEAVE ME ALONE ASK
0LEASE STOP ????????????????????????????? ME QUESTIONS ASK
) REFUSE ????????????????????????????? ANY MORE QUESTIONS ANSWER
/NE OF THE BOYS ADMITTED ????????????????????????????? THE WINDOW BREAK
4HE BOYS FATHER PROMISED ?????????????????????????????FOR THE WINDOW TO BE REPAIRED PAY
!NN WAS HAVING DINNER WHEN THE PHONE RANG 3HE DIDNT ANSWER THE PHONE SHE JUST CARRIED ON
????????????????????????????? EAT
h(OW DID THE THIEF GET INTO THE HOUSE v h ) FORGOT ????????????????????????????? THE WINDOW SHUT
)VE ENJOYED ??????????????????????????YOU MEET HOPE ????????????????????????? YOU AGAIN SOON SEE
4HE BABY BEGAN ????????????????????????????? IN THE MIDDLE OF THE NIGHT CRY
*ULIA HAS BEEN ILL BUT NOW SHES BEGINNING ????????????????????????????? BETTER GET
%X #OMPLETE THESE SENTENCES WITH A SUITABLE VERB IN THE CORRECT FORM 4/
).&).)4)6% OR '%25.$
0LEASE REMEMBER TO LOCK THE DOOR WHEN YOU GO OUT
! 9OU LENT ME SOME MONEY A FEW MONTHS AGO
" $ID L !RE YOU SURE DONT REMEMBER ?????????????????????????????YOU ANY MONEY
! $ID YOU REMEMBER ????????????????????????????? YOUR SISTER
" .O ) CLEAN COMPLETELY FORGOT )LL PHONE HER TOMORROW
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
7HEN YOU SEE -ANDY TOMORROW REMEMBER ????????????????????????????? HER MY REGARDS WONT YOU
3OMEONE MUST HAVE TAKEN MY BAG ) CLEARLY REMEMBER ????????????????????????????? IT BY THE WINDOW AND NOW
IT HAS GONE
BELIEVE THAT WHAT SAID WAS FAIR DONT REGRET ????????????????????????????? IT
AFTER A DRIVING TEST ) REGRET ????????????????????????????? THAT YOU HAVE FAILED THE TEST
+EITH JOINED THE COMPANY YEARS AGO (E WAS QUICKLY PROMOTED AND BECAME ASSISTANT MANAGER AFTER TWO YEARS
! FEW YEARS LATER HE WENT ON ????????????????????????????? MANAGER OF THE COMPANY
) CANT GO ON ?????????????????????????????HERE ANY MORE ) WANT A DIFFERENT JOB
7HEN CAME INTO THE ROOM ,IZ WAS READING A NEWSPAPER 3HE LOOKED UP AND SAID HELLO TO ME AND THEN WENT ON
????????????????????????????? HER NEWSPAPER
4HIS JACKET IS DIRTY )T NEEDS ?????????????????????????????
4HIS IS VERY URGENT ) NEED ????????????????????????????? WITH THE MANAGER IMMEDIATELY
%X 2EVIEW 5SE THE VERBS GIVEN IN THE CORRECT FORM '%25.$ 4/ ).&).)4)6% "!2% ).&).)4)6% 2EMEMBER
THAT IN SOME CASES YOU HAVE TWO ALTERNATIVES AND THAT SOMETIMES THERE IS A CHANGE IN THE MEANING
) SAW "OB ????????????????????????????? THE CAR YESTERDAY )T TOOK HIM MORE THAN MINUTES TO DO IT WASH
) DROVE PAST 0ETER|S HOUSE YESTERDAY ) SAW HIM ????????????????????????????? HIS CAR WASH
$ID YOU REMEMBER ????????????????????????????? -ARY LAST NIGHT OR DID YOU FORGET PHONE
) HAVEN|T PHONED HER AT HER HOME LATELY )N FACT ) DON|T REMEMBER ??????????????????? HER FOR A LONG TIME PHONE
) LOOK FORWARD ????????????????????????????? TO THAT WEDDING PARTY ON &RIDAY GO
7E USED????????????????????????????? ON HOLIDAY EVERY SUMMER WHEN ) WAS A CHILD GO
)T STARTED ????????????????????????????? AT ABOUT THIS MORNING RAIN
"OB NEVER GOT USED ????????????????????????????? IN THAT PART OF THE COUNTRY LIVE
) DON|T MIND ????????????????????????????? THE WASHING UP !S A MATTER OF FACT ) DO IT EVERY DAY DO
#OULD YOU HELPJ *IMMY ????????????????????????????? THAT MATH EXERCISE 'EORGE DO
0LEASE LET ME ????????????????????????????? CARTOONS MUM )|VE ALREADY DONE MY HOMEWORK WATCH
7HERE DID THEY AGREE????????????????????????????? IN ,A 0AZ OR IN 3UCRE MEET
4HE MEN HAVE BEEN WALKING UP THE HILL FOR ABOUT AN HOUR SO THEY|LL STOP ???????????????????????? REST A WHILE
4HE CHILDREN STOPPED ????????????????????????????? WHEN THE TEACHER ENTERED THE ROOM TALK
) CAN|T AFFORD ????????????????????????????? THAT HOUSE )T IS TOO EXPENSIVEBUY
4HEY WANTED ????????????????????????????? THE SOCCER GAME ON 46 WATCH
) AM CONSIDERING ????????????????????????????? TO A SMALLER APARTMENT SOON MOVE
) AM PLANNING ????????????????????????????? TO A SMALLER APARTMENT SOON MOVE
(E LEFT THE HOUSE WITHOUT ????????????????????????????? THE FRONT DOOR LOCK
) THINK *ANE IS QUITE USED ????????????????????????????? WITH $R 3MITH WORK
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
0!24 )))
4!' %.$).'3
,OS 4AG %NDINGS SE USAN AL lNAL DE UNA ASEVERACIN CON EL lN DE BUSCAR UNA CONlRMACIN O PARA INDICAR QUE LO QUE SE
AlRMA EST CORRECTO %QUIVALE A LA PREGUNTA z6ERDAD z.O ES CIERTO 3ALVO QUE ESTEMOS BUSCANDO UNA CONlRMACIN
NORMALMENTE SE USA UNA ENTONACIN DESCENDENTE
-ARY IS AT HOME NOW ISN|T SHE
9OU KNOW HIM WELL DON|T YOU
"OB LEFT ON 7EDNESDAY DIDN|T HE
4HE BOYS CAN SPEAK &RENCH CAN|T THEY
4HOMAS HAS BEEN HERE BEFORE HASN|T HE
-ARY ISN|T AT HOME NOW IS SHE
9OU DON|T KNOW HIM WELL DO YOU
"OB DIDN|T LEAVE ON 7EDNESDAY DID HE
4HE BOYS CAN|T SPEAK &RENCH CAN THEY
4HOMAS HASN|T BEEN HERE BEFORE HAS HE
#OMO 5D HA ADVERTIDO LOS TAG ENDINGS SIEMPRE SE EXPRESAN DE LA SIGUIENTE MANERA
3UJETO ASEVERACIN AlRMATIVA
-ARY IS AT HOME NOW
9OU KNOW HIM WELL
4HE BOY CAN SPEAK &RENCH
3UJETO ASEVERACIN NEGATIVA
-ARY ISN|T AT HOME NOW
9OU DON|T KNOW HIM WELL
4HE BOY CAN|T SPEAK &RENCH
#ONTRACCIN 0RONOMBRE .UNCA UN NOMBRE
ISN|T SHE
DON|T YOU
CAN|T HE
6ERBO -ODAL 0RONOMBRE .UNCA UN NOMBRE
IS SHE
DO YOU
CAN HE
%8%2#)3%3
%X !DD THE PROPER TAG ENDING
(E COMES HERE EVERY DAY ???????????????????????????????????? (E COMES HERE EVERY DAY DOESNT HE
3HE CAN SPEAK &RENCH WELL ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HEY WILL BE HERE EARLY ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E LEFT AT TWO OCLOCK ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E HAS TO WORK TOMORROW ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E HAS MANY FRIENDS HERE ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????
9OU LIVE UPTOWN ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
3HE STUDIES WITH YOU ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E WILL BE BACK LATER ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
(ENRY LEFT AT TWO OCLOCK ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HERE|S SOME MORE MILK IN THE FRIDGE ??????????????????????????????????????????????
"OTH MEN LOOK VERY MUCH ALIKE ???????????????????????????????????????????????????
)|M YOUR BEST FRIEND ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
-R 3MITH HAS SEEN THAT MOVIE ???????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X !DD THE PROPER TAG ENDING .OTE THAT ALL THESE SENTENCES ARE FORMED WITH THE VERB 4O "% USED EITHER AS
THE MAIN VERB OR AS THE AUXILIARY VERB
*OHN IS A GOOD STUDENT ?????????????????????????????????????? *OHN IS A GOOD STUDENT ISNT HE
4HEY WERE BOTH ABSENT FROM THE LESSON ????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE WIND IS BLOWING VERY HARD ????????????????????????????????????????????????????
(ELEN AND HER SISTER ARE BOTH STUDYING %NGLISH ?????????????????????????????????????
9OU ARE BUSY TODAY ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
)|M DOING THE EXERCISE WELL ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????
'EORGE IS A VERY TALL BOY ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
9OU WERE ABSENT FROM CLASS YESTERDAY ????????????????????????????????????????????
)T IS BEGINNING TO RAIN ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
-R 3MITH IS OUT OF TOWN ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HEY ARE LEAVING EARLY IN THE MORNING ?????????????????????????????????????????????
4HERE ARE MANY STUDENTS ABSENT TODAY ????????????????????????????????????????????
%X !DD THE PROPER TAG ENDING
-ARY GOES SHOPPING EVERY DAY ????????????????????????????? -ARY GOES SHOPPING EVERY DAY DOESNT SHE
3UE WAS AT HOME WHEN YOU CALLED LAST NIGHT ???????????????????????????????????????
*OS USED TO WORK IN THIS OFlCE ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
7ILLIAM HAS BEEN WORKING VERY HARD TODAY ?????????????????????????????????????????
7ILLIAM WAS BORN IN #ARDIFF ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7ILLIAM WILL BE HERE SOON ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE TRAFlC ON THIS STREET WAS VERY HEAVY THAT EVENING ????????????????????????????????
4HE SUN SETS AT ABOUT SIX OCLOCK ????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE SUN IS SETTING NOW ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
"OB|S GOING TO BUY A NEW CAR THIS YEAR ????????????????????????????????????????????
4HEY WENT INTO THE CHURCH ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE SHOPPING DISTRICT EXTENDS FOR MANY BLOCKS ?????????????????????????????????????
%X !DD THE PROPER TAG ENDING
(E DOESNT COME HERE EVERY DAY ?????????????????????????? (E DOESNT COME HERE EVERY DAY DOES HE
3HE ISNT BUSY NOW ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HEY DIDNT COME WITH HER ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????
3HE CANT SPEAK &RENCH ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HEY DONT LIVE UPTOWN ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E DIDNT VISIT US LAST NIGHT ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????
3HE WONT BE AT THE LESSON TOMORROW ?????????????????????????????????????????????
4HEY DONT KNOW EACH OTHER ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7E DONT HAVE TO COME TO SCHOOL TOMORROW ???????????????????????????????????????
4HEY DIDNT HAVE TO WORK YESTERDAY ???????????????????????????????????????????????
(E HASNT GOT ANY MONEY ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HEY DIDNT ARRIVE ON TIME ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X !DD THE PROPER TAG ENDING
*OHN OFTEN WALKS TO THE POST OFlCE ????????????????????????? *OHN OFTEN WALKS TO THE POST OFlCE DOESNT
HE
(E NEVER GOES THERE IN THE MORNING ??????????????????????????????????????????????
(E lRST GOES TO THE WINDOW MARKED h3TAMPSv ?????????????????????????????????????
(E DOESNT ALWAYS BUY STAMPS ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HERE ARE MANY PEOPLE AHEAD OF HIM ?????????????????????????????????????????????
4HERE ARE ONLY A FEW PEOPLE AHEAD OF HIM ?????????????????????????????????????????
(E DOESNT ALWAYS HAVE TO WAIT IN LINE ?????????????????????????????????????????????
(E DIDNT HAVE TO WAIT IN LINE YESTERDAY ????????????????????????????????????????????
(E WONT HAVE TO WAIT IN LINE TOMORROW ????????????????????????????????????????????
(E GAVE HIM THE STAMPS ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
*OHN DIDNT RECEIVE ANY CHANGE ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E PUT A STAMP ON THE ENVELOPE ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E DIDNT MAIL ANY PACKAGES ????????????????????????????????????????????????????
"UT HE DROPPED THE LETTER INTO THE BOX ????????????????????????????????????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%X 9OU THINK BUT YOU ARE NOT SURE !SK QUESTIONS USING TAG ENDINGS 2EAD THESE EXAMPLES
9OU THINK -ARY SPEAKS 3PANISH BUT YOU{RE NOT SURE 9OU SAY -ARY SPEAKS 3PANISH DOESN{T SHE
9OU THINK THE CHILDREN CAN{T SWIM WELL 9OU SAY 4HE CHILDREN CAN{T SWIM WELL CAN THEY
9OU THINK *OHN{S BEEN TO %NGLAND TWICE BUT YOU{RE NOT SURE 9OU SAY
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
9OU THINK MY FRIENDS COME FROM 7ISCONSIN BUT YOU{RE NOT SURE 9OU SAY
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
9OU THINK "OB DIDN{T ATTEND THE MEETING LAST -ONDAY BUT YOU{RE NOT SURE 9OU SAY
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
9OU THINK THERE ISN{T ANY MORE WHISKY IN THE BOTTLE BUT YOU{RE NOT SURE 9OU SAY
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
9OU THINK THEY HAVE TO WORK A LITTLE FASTER BUT YOU{RE NOT SURE 9OU SAY
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
9OU THINK *ANE SHOULDN{T DO THAT AGAIN BUT YOU{RE NOT SURE 9OU SAY
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
9OU THINK THE BOY HAS HAD DINNER ALREADY BUT YOU{RE NOT SURE 9OU SAY
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
9OU THINK THERE WAS TOO MUCH NOISE IN THE ROOM BUT YOU{RE NOT SURE 9OU SAY
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
9OU THINK YOU|RE A GOOD STUDENT BUT YOU{RE NOT SURE 9OU SAY
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
9OU THINK THE BOYS WORKED HARDER THAN THE GIRLS BUT YOU{RE NOT SURE 9OU SAY
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
9OU THINK ) WOULDN{T LIKE TO GO THERE AGAIN BUT YOU{RE NOT SURE 9OU SAY
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
9OU THINK *OHN PUT ON HIS NEW SWEATER BUT YOU{RE NOT SURE 9OU SAY
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
9OU THINK ) WAS AT THE MEETING TOO BUT YOU{RE NOT SURE 9OU SAY
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
9OU THINK THE TRAIN HADN{T LEFT YET WHEN ) GOT TO THE STATION BUT YOU{RE NOT SURE 9OU SAY
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
"!3)# 6/#!"5,!29 3TUDY THESE WORDS
30/243 !.$ 2%#2%!4)/. $EPORTES Y 2ECREACIN
AMUSEMENT PARK AMIUZMENT PRK PARQUE DE DIVERSIONES
PESCA DE RO
ANGLING GLI
|
ATLETISMO
ATHLETICS ALTIKS
BAOS TERMAS
BATHS BAS
PLAYA
BEACH BITCH
BOCHA
BOWLING BULI
BOXEO
BOXING BKSI
CARRERA DE AUTOS
CAR
RACING KAR RISI
CASINO DE JUEGOS
CASINO KAZNOU
CINE
CINEMA SNEMA
CIRCO
CIRCUS SRKAS
ANDINISMO
CLIMBING KLIMI
COMPETICIN
COMPETITION KOMPETSHN
CANCHA TENIS
COURT KRT
CICLISMO
CYCLING SIKLI
CHAMPIONSHIP TCHMPIONSHIP CAMPEONATO
DISCOTECA
DISCO DSKOU
BUCEO
DIVING DIVI
PASEO EN AUTO
DRIVE DRIV
EXCURSIN
EXCURSION EKSKRSHION
EXPOSICIN
EXHIBITION EKSIBSHION
EXPEDICIN
EXPEDITION EKSPEDSHION
FERIA
FAIR FAR
ESGRIMA
FENCING FNSI
CANCHA FTBOL
lELD FLD
PESCA
lSHING FSHI
JUEGO PARTIDO
GAME GIM
PLANEO
GLIDING GLIDI
CANCHA GOLF
GREEN GRN
EQUITACIN
HORSE RIDING HORS RIDI
CARRERAS HPICA
HORSE
RACING HRS RISI
CAZA
HUNTING HNTI
SALTO DE VALLAS
HURDLING HRDLI
PATINAJE EN HIELO
ICE
SKATING IS SKITI
JAVALINA
JAVELIN DLLVELIN
|
TROTE
JOGGING DLLGI
6IAJE
JOURNEY DLLRNI
3ALTO
JUMPING DLLMPI
LAWN LN
CSPED
MATCH M| TCH
PARTIDO FTBOL BOX
MOVIE THEATER MVI ATER
SALA DE CINE
MUSEUM MIUZAM
MUSEO
NIGHT CLUB NIT KLAB
CLUB NOCTURNO
OAR AR
REMO
OBSTACLE BSTAKL HURDLE HDL OBSTCULO VALLA
PADDLING P| LI
REMO DE PALETA
PARK PRK
PARQUE
PENTATHLON PNTALON
PENTATLN
PICNIC PKNIK
PICNIC
RIDE RID
PASEO A CABALLO ETC
RINK RIK
CANCHA DE PATINES
ROWING RUI
REMO
RUNNING RNI
CARRERA
SEASIDE RESORT SSAID RISRT BALNEARIO
SIGHTSEEING TOUR SITSII TAR PASEO TURSTICO
SKATING SKITI
PATINAJE
SKIING SKI
ESQU
SKIING RESORT SKI RIZRT
CENTRO DE ESQU
SNEAKERS SNKERZ
ZAPATILLAS
SURlNG SRl
SURlNG
SWEAT
SHIRT SUT SHRT
POLERN
SWIMMING SUMI
NATACIN
SWORD SRD
ESPADA
THEATER ATER
TEATRO
TOUR TAR
VIAJE EXCURSIN
TOURNAMENT TRNAMENT
TORNEO
TRACK TRK
PISTA DE CARRERA
TREKKING TRKI
EXCURSIN EN MONTAA
TRIP TRIP
VIAJE
TRUNKS TRKS
PANTALONES DE ATLET
4
SHIRT TI SHRT
POLERA
VOYAGE VIIDLL
VIAJE
WALK WK
CAMINATA
WATER
SKIING WTER SKI
ESQU ACUTICO
WEIGHT
LIFTING WIT LFTI
PESAS
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
"L
+EY TO ANSWERS
5.)4
0!24 )
%X HAS BEEN LIVING HAVE BEEN WORKING HAS BEEN SITTING HAVE BEEN STANDING HAVE BEEN WAITING HAVE
BEEN RUNNING HAS BEEN READING HAS BEEN WRITING HAVE BEEN WORKING OUT HAVE BEEN DISCUSSING
%X (E HASN{T BEEN LIVING (AS HE BEEN LIVING 4HEY HAVEN{T BEEN PLAYING (AVE THEY BEEN PLAYING
*ANE HASN{T BEEN FEELING (AS *ANE BEEN FEELING 4HEY HAVEN{T BEEN DISCUSSING (AVE THEY BEEN DISCUSSING
"OB HASN{T BEEN SWIMMING (AS "OB BEEN SWIMMING {T
%X 7HAT HAS (ENRY BEEN READING ALL MORNING 7HAT HAS "ILL BEEN DOING ALL MORNING 7HERE HAVE THEY BEEN
STAYING 7HY HAVE THEY BEEN SAVING MONEY (OW LONG HAVE YOUR FRIENDS BEEN LIVING IN -ADRID 7HAT HAS THE
BOY BEEN DOING SINCE O{CLOCK (OW LONG HAVE THEY BEEN WAITING FOR A TAXI
0!24 ))
!
%X TO GET MARRIED TO HELP *ACK TO CARRY THE WOMAN{S BAG TO MEET AT O{CLOCK TO TELL THE MAN HER
NAME
%X 0OSSIBLE ANSWERS TO POST TO GET TO BUY HOW TO USE TO BE TO SAY
%X WATCHING TO GO GOING WAITING TO GO BARKING TO CALL HAVING MISSING
TO lND
%X (E SEEMS TO HAVE LOST WEIGHT 4OM APPEARS TO BE WORRIED ABOUT SOMETHING 9OU SEEM TO KNOW A LOT OF
PEOPLE -Y %NGLISH SEEMS TO BE GETTING BETTER 4HAT CAR APPEARS TO HAVE BROKEN DOWN $AVID TENDS TO FORGET
THINGS 4HEY CLAIM TO HAVE SOLVED THE PROBLEM
%X HOW TO GET HOW TO USE WHAT TO DO HOW TO RIDE WHAT TO SAY WHETHER TO GO
%X GO WITH YOU LEND YOU SOME SHUT IT YOU LIKE TO SHOW YOU HOW TO USE IT YOU WANT ME TO REPEAT WHAT
) SAID YOU WANT ME TO WAIT
%X TO COME AND STAY WITH THEM FOR A FEW DAYS "OB USE HER PHONE (ANS TO BE CAREFUL *ANE TO GIVE HIM
A HAND
%X ME TO USE HIS CAR IT TO RAIN IT WOULD RAIN HIM DO WHAT HE WANTS HIM LOOK OLDER
YOU TO KNOW THE TRUTH ME TO PHONE MY SISTER ME TO APPLY FOR THE JOB NOT TO SAY ANYTHING TO THE POLICE
TO BELIEVE EVERYTHING HE SAYS YOU TO TRAVEL ROUND MORE EASILY
%X TO SMOKE TO GO TO DO READ TO GO TO GO TO EAT CRY TO STUDY
"
%X TO GET EATING TO TAKE MEETING TO MEET CAMPING TO HELP WATCHING TO WATCH
CRACKING TO FEED TO BE MOVING TO ARRIVE GOING TO GO TO LOCK LIVING WRITING JOGGING
TO HIRE HIRING
COMING TO SAY TO GO SHOPPING TO WANT TO GO SAILING
%X STEALING HAVING STOLEN DRIVING TO GO TO GO RAINING TO BUY ASKING ASKING TO ANSWER
BREAKING HAVING BROKEN TO PAY EATING TO SHUT MEETINGTO SEE TO CRY CRYING TO GET
%X LENDING HAVING LENT YOU TO PHONE TO GIVE HAVING LEFT LEAVING SAYING HAVING SAID TO TELL TO
BECOME WORKING READING CLEANING TO TALK TO MEET
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%X WASH WASHING TO PHONE PHONING TO GOING TO GO TO RAIN RAINING TO LIVING DOING DO TO
DO WATCH TO MEET IN ORDER TO REST TALKING TO BUY TO WATCH MOVING TO MOVE LOCKING
TO WORKING
#
%X 3HE CAN SPEAK CAN{T SHE 4HEY{LL BE WON{T THEY (E LEFT DIDN{T HE (E HAS TO WORK DOESN{T
HE (E HAS MANY DOESN{T HE 9OU LIVE DON{T YOU 3HE STUDIES DOESN{T SHE (E{LL BE BACK WON{T
HE (ENRY LEFT DIDN{T HE 4HERE{S SOME ISN|T THERE "OTH MEN LOOK DON{T THEY ){M YOUR AREN{T
) -R 3MITH{{S SEEN HASN{T HE
%X 4HEY WERE BOTH ABSENT WEREN{T THEY 4HE WIND{S BLOWING ISN{T IT (ELEN AND HER SISTER ARE BOTH
AREN{T THEY 9OU{RE BUSY AREN{T YOU ){M DOING AREN{T ) 'EORGE{S A VERY ISN{T HE 9OU WERE ABSENT
WEREN{T YOU )T{S BEGINNING ISN{T IT -R 3MITH{S OUT OF ISN{T HE 4HEY{RE LEAVING AREN{T THEY 4HERE
ARE MANY AREN{T THERE
%X 3UE WAS AT HOME WASN{T SHE *OS USED TO WORK DIDN|T HE 7ILLIAM{S BEEN WORKING HASN{T HE
7ILLIAM WAS BORN IN WASN{T HE 7ILLIAM WILL BE WON{T HE 4HE TRAFlC ON THIS STREET WAS VERY WASN{T IT
4HE SUN SETS DOESN{T IT 4HE SUN{S SETTING ISN{T IT "OB{S GOING TO BUY ISN{T HE 4HEY WENT DIDN{T
THEY 4HE SHOPPING DISTRICT EXTENDS DOESN{T IT
%X 3HE ISN{T BUSY IS SHE 4HEY DIDN{T COME DID THEY 3HE CAN{T SPEAK CAN SHE
4HEY DON{T LIVE DO THEY (E DIDN{T VISIT DID HE 3HE WON{T BE WILL SHE 4HEY DON{T KNOW DO THEY
7E DON{T HAVE TO COME DO WE 4HEY DIDN{T HAVE TO WORK DID THEY (E HASN{T GOT HAS HE 4HEY
DIDN{T ARRIVE DID THEY
%X (E NEVER GOES DOES HE (E lRST GOES TO DOESN{T HE (E DOESN{T ALWAYS BUY DOES HE 4HERE
ARE MANY PEOPLE AREN{T THERE 4HERE ARE ONLY A FEW AREN{T THERE
(E DOESN{T ALWAYS HAVE TO WAIT DOES HE (E DIDN{T HAVE TO WAIT DID HE (E WON{T HAVE TO WAIT WILL
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"UT HE DROPPED DIDN{T HE
%X *OHN{S BEEN TO %NGLAND TWICE HASN{T HE 9OUR FRIENDS COME FROM 7ISCONSIN DON|T THEY "OB DIDN|T
ATTEND THE MEETING LAST -ONDAY DID HE 4HERE ISN{T ANY MORE WHISKY IN THE BOTTLE IS THERE 4HEY HAVE TO WORK A
LITTLE FASTER DON{T THEY *ANE SHOULDN{T DO THAT AGAIN SHOULD SHE 4HE BOY HAS HAD DINNER ALREADY HASN{T HE
4HERE WAS TOO MUCH NOISE IN THE ROOM WASN{T THERE )|M A GOOD STUDENT AREN|T ) 4HE BOYS WORKED HARDER THAN
THE GIRLS DIDN{T THEY 9OU WOULDN|T LIKE TO GO THERE AGAIN WOULD YOU *OHN PUT ON HIS NEW SWEATER DIDN{T HE
9OU WERE AT THE MEETING TOO WEREN{T YOU 4HE TRAIN HADN{T YET LEFT WHEN YOU GOT TO THE STATION HAD IT
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
5.)4
0!24 %, 4)%-0/ 0!3!$/ 0%2&%#4/ 4(% 0!34 0%2&%#4 4%.3%
%STE TIEMPO VERBAL SE FORMA CON EL PASADO DEL VERBO MODAL (AVE (!$ HD MS EL 0ARTICIPIO 0ASADO RA FORMA
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ESTE TIEMPO NO SE USA EN FORMA INDEPENDIENTE PUES SIEMPRE VA JUNTO A UNA ORACIN EXPRESADA EN PASADO SIMPLE $E
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(ANS HAD ALREADY LEFT WHEN YOU PHONED THIS MORNING HNS HAD ORDI LFT WEN I FUND IS MRNI
(ANS YA HABA PARTIDO CUANDO T LLAMASTE POR TELFONO ESTA MAANA
4HE SHOW STARTED AT 0AUL ARRIVED AT THE THEATER AT
4HE SHOW HAD ALREADY STARTED WHEN 0AUL ARRIVED AT THE THEATER E SHU HAD OLRDI STRTID WEN PL ARRIVD AT E ATER
%L ESPECTCULO YA HABA COMENZADO CUANDO 0AUL LLEG AL TEATRO
4HE OLD MAN DIED AT 4HE AMBULANCE ARRIVED A FEW MINUTES LATER
"Y THE TIME THE AMBULANCE ARRIVED THE OLD MAN HAD ALREADY DIED BAI E TIM E MBIULNS ARRIVD E ULD MN HAD OLRDI DID
#UANDO LA AMBULANCIA LLEG EL VIEJO YA HABA FALLECIDO
!L IGUAL QUE EN EL 0ASADO #ONTNUO LAS EXPRESIONES DE TIEMPO QUE ACOMPAAN AL 0ASADO 0ERFECTO SON AQUELLAS
CLUSULAS COMPUESTAS POR 7(%. 3 0!3!$/ 3)-0,% 7HEN YOU PHONED THIS MORNING 7HEN 0AUL ARRIVED AT
THE THEATRE "Y THE TIME THE AMBULANCE ARRIVED
#OMPARE
4HEY WERE HAVING LUNCH WHEN YOU CALLED I WER HVI LNTCH WEN I KLD
%LLOS ESTABAN ALMORZANDO CUANDO T LLAMASTE
,A ACCIN NO HABA CONCLUIDO
4HEY HAD ALREADY HAD LUNCH WHEN YOU CALLED I HAD OLRDI HD LNTCH WEN I KLD
%LLOS YA HABAN ALMORZADO CUANDO T LLAMASTE
,A ACCIN YA HABA CONCLUIDO
%N LA PRIMERA ORACIN LA ACCIN EXPRESADA POR EL 0ASADO #ONTNUO TODAVA SE ESTABA REALIZANDO 4HEY WERE HAVING LUNCH
CUANDO LA SEGUNDA ACCIN OCURRI WHEN YOU CALLED MIENTRAS QUE EN LA SEGUNDA ORACIN LA ACCIN EXPRESADA POR EL
0ASADO 0ERFECTO YA HABA CONCLUDO 4HEY HAD ALREADY HAD LUNCH CUANDO LA SEGUNDA ACCIN OCURRI WHEN YOU CALLED
,A FORMA NEGATIVA SE EXPRESA CON (!$ ./4 O (!$.|4 HDNT MS UN 0ARTICIPIO 0ASADO Y LA FORMA INTERROGATIVA SE
EXPRESA INVIRTIENDO EL ORDEN DE (!$ CON EL SUJETO 2ECUERDE QUE EN LAS ORACIONES NEGATIVAS DEBE USAR YET EN VEZ DE
ALREADY %N LAS PREGUNTAS INTRODUCIDAS CON UNA PALABRA INTERROGATIVA COMO WHAT WHERE HOW ETC SE DEBE SEGUIR
EL MISMO ORDEN DE PALABRAS USADO EN LAS PREGUNTAS SIMPLES
,EA ESCUCHE Y APRENDA
(ANS HAD NOT LEFT YET WHEN YOU PHONED THIS MORNING HNS HAD NT LFT YT WEN I FUND IS MRNI
4HE SHOW HADN|T STARTED YET WHEN 0AUL ARRIVED AT THE THEATER E SHU HDNT STRTID YT WEN PL ARRIVD AT E ATER
4HE OLD MAN HADN|T DIED YET BY THE TIME THE AMBULANCE ARRIVED I ULD MN HDNT DID YT BAI E TIM E MBIULNS
ARRIVD
(AD (ANS LEFT ALREADY WHEN YOU PHONED THIS MORNING HAD HNS LFT OLRDI WEN I FUND IS MRNI
(AD THE SHOW STARTED YET WHEN 0AUL ARRIVED AT THE THEATRE HAD E SHU STRTID YT WEN PL ARRIVD AT E ATER
7HERE HAD THEY LIVED BEFORE THEY MOVED TO 3ANTIAGO WAR HAD I LVD BIFR I MVD TU SANTIGOU
,A PREGUNTA HABITUAL EN ESTE TIEMPO VERBAL ES
7(!4 (!$ 9/5 $/.% WT HAD I DN z1U HABA HECHO UD
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%8%2#)3%3
%X #OMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING THE APPROPRIATE VERBS IN THE 0AST 0ERFECT TENSE
-ARY ??????????????????????ALREADY ?????????????????????? TO THE CINEMA WHEN ) ARRIVED GO
4HEY ????????????????????? ALREADY ????????????????????? THE DISCUSSION WHEN WE ENTERED THE ROOMSTART
"OB ???????????????? JUST ????????????????? TYPING THE REPORT WHEN THE GENERAL CALLED HIM TO HIS OFlCElNISH
7HEN THE POLICE ARRIVED THE THIEF ?????????????????????? ALREADY ?????????????????????? DISAPPEAR
3HE SAID SHE ?????????????????????? THERE SEVERAL TIMES BEFORE BE
!S SOON AS HE OPENED THE DOOR HE NOTICED THAT SOMEONE ?????????????????????? HIS 46 SET STEAL
4HE POLICEMAN TOLD US THAT WE ?????????????????????? THE WRONG ROAD TAKE
4HEY ARRIVED ONLY TEN MINUTES AFTER *OHN ?????????????????????? LEAVE
"Y THE TIME THE lREMEN ARRIVED THE NEIGHBOURS ?????????????????ALREADY?????????????????THE lRE PUT OUT
-ARY ????????????????????? ALREADY ????????????????????? TO BED WHEN WE ARRIVED HOME LAST NIGHT GO
%X #OMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING THE VERBS PROVIDED EITHER IN THE 3IMPLE 0AST OR IN THE 0AST
0ERFECT 4ENSES
2OBERT BE ?????????????????????? A TAXI DRIVER BEFORE HE BECOME ??????????????????????
A BUSINESSMAN
-R 3MITH FEEL ?????????????????????? A LITTLE BETTER AFTER HE TAKE ?????????????????????? THE MEDICINE
4HE TEACHER GIVE ALREADY ?????????????????????? THE TEST RESULTS WHEN ) GET ???????????????????? TO CLASS
4HE DETECTIVES LEAVE ?????????????????????? THE PLACE AFTER THEY COLLECT ?????????????????????? ENOUGH
EVIDENCE
)T WAS RAINING HARD BUT BY THE TIME THE MEETING BE ?????????????????????? OVER THE RAIN STOP ?????????????
?????????
4HE SHOW BEGIN ALREADY ?????????????????????? BY THE TIME WE GET ?????????????????????? TO THE THEATER
SO WE QUIETLY TAKE ??????????????????????A SEAT IN THE BACK
-ILLIONS OF YEARS AGO DINOSAURS ROAM ?????????????????????? THE EARTH BUT THEY BECOME ALREADY ??????????
???????????? EXTINCT BY THE TIME MAN lRST APPEAR ??????????????????????
4HE STUDENTS SEE NEVER ??????????????????????ANY OF 2ENOIR|S PAINTINGS BEFORE THEY VISIT ????????????????
?????? THE ART GALLERY
'LORIA ALMOST MISSED HER PLANE !LL OF THE OTHER PASSENGERS BOARD ALREADY ?????????????????????? BY THE TIME
SHE GET ?????????????????????? TO THE BOARDING GATE
9ESTERDAY AT A RESTAURANT ) SEE ??????????????????????????????? *OHN 0ALMER AN OLD FRIEND OF MINE ) SEE
NOT ??????????????????????????????? HIM IN YEARS !T lRST ) RECOGNIZE NOT ?????????????????????? ???????
??????????????? HIM BECAUSE HE LOSE ???????????????????????????? AT LEAST lFTEEN KILOS
%X #HANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO A THE NEGATIVE AND B THE INTERROGATIVE 2EMEMBER IN THE NEGATIVE
YOU MUST USE 9%4 INSTEAD OF !,2%!$9
4OM HAD ALREADY LEFT THE OFlCE
4HEY|D ALREADY SPENT ALL THE MONEY
0AUL HAD ALREADY SENT HER A FAX
*ANE HAD SEEN THAT MOVIE TWICE
4HE CHILDREN HAD ALREADY HAD SUPPER
-RS "ENTLEY HAD GONE TO BED ALREADY
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
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%X !SK QUESTIONS USING QUESTION WORDS LIKE 7HAT 7HERE 7HEN (OW (OW LONG ETC
*OHN HAD EATEN THREE SANDWICHES THAT EVENING
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
$R "LACK HAD STUDIED AT (ARVARD 5NIVERSITY ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE ENGINEER HAD GRADUATED FROM 5#,! IN
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
0AUL HAD SOLD HIS HOUSE THE PREVIOUS YEAR
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE PLANE HAD TAKEN OFF FROM *&+ !IRPORT AT
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E|D WORKED IN THE !RMY FOR YEARS WHEN HE BECAME A GENERAL
4HEY|D SPENT OVER 53 BEFORE THEY ARRIVED IN 4OKYO
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
"ILL HAD MADE THE SAME MISTAKE THREE TIMES
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
*OHN HAD VISITED THEM THAT EVENING
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE GIRL HAD STUDIED &RENCH AT SCHOOL
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X 4RANSLATE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO %NGLISH
%LLOS NO HABAN ESTUDIADO ALL POR MUCHO TIEMPO
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
9O NO HABA VISTO UN PARTIDO DE CRCKET ANTES
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
z(ABAS COMIDO ESTO ANTERIORMENTE
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
z0OR QU NO HABAS ESCRITO A NOSOTROS ANTES
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
%LLA NO HABA LEDO ESE LIBRO AN
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
%LLOS HABAN VISITADO OTROS PASES ANTES DE VENIR A 53! ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
z$NDE HABAN ESTADO ELLOS ESA MAANA
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
%LLA HABA TRABAJADO DURO POR MUCHO TIEMPO
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
%LLA NUNCA HABA ESTADO EN EL EXTRANJERO ANTES
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
%L DIJO QUE HABA ESTADO MUY OCUPADO ESE DA
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
0!24 ))
! &/2-!4)/. /& !$6%2"3 #/-0!2)3/. /& !$6%2"3
&ORMATION OF ADVERBS
-UCHOS ADVERBIOS EN INGLS SE FORMAN AGREGANDO EL SUlJO
LY A LOS ADJETIVOS CORRESPONDIENTES
4HIS TRAIN IS VERY SLOW ADJETIVO )T MOVES VERY SLOWLY ADVERBIO
*OHN IS A CAREFUL ADJETIVO DRIVER (E DRIVES CAREFULLY ADVERBIO
SLOW SLU LENTO
QUICK KUIK RPIDO
CAREFUL KARFUL CUIDADOSO
HAPPY H|PI FELIZ
CERTAIN S| RTEN CIERTO
SAFE SIF SEGURO
SLOWLY SLULI LENTAMENTE
QUICKLY KUKLI RPIDAMENTE
CAREFULLY KARFULI CUIDADOSAMENTE
HAPPILY H|PILI FELIZMENTE
CERTAINLY S| RTENLI CIERTAMENTE
SAFELY SImI CON SEGURIDAD
%XISTEN ALGUNAS PALABRAS QUE PUEDEN ACTUAR INDISTINTAMENTE COMO ADJETIVO O ADVERBIO ES DECIR NO ES NECESARIO
AGREGAR EL SUlJO LY AL ADJETIVO PARA FORMAR EL ADVERBIO
%STOS SON LOS PRINCIPALES ADJETIVOS ADVERBIOS
FAST F|ST
RPIDORPIDAMENTE
DURO DIFCIL INTENSOINTENSAMENTE
HARD HARD
TARDEATRASADO
LATE LEIT
TEMPRANO TEMPRANAMENTE ADELANTADO
EARLY | RLI
%XAMPLES
4HIS IS A HARD ADJ LESSON ) HAVE TO STUDY HARD ADV
4HEY TOOK THE EARLY ADJ TRAIN 7E ARRIVED THERE EARLY ADV
%S IMPORTANTE NOTAR QUE EXISTEN LAS PALABRAS (!2$,9 Y ,!4%,9 QUE TIENEN UN SIGNIlCADO ESPECIAL
#OMPARE
"OB WORKS VERY HARD ARDUAMENTE
4HEY ARRIVED LATE TARDE ATRASADOS
0ETER HARDLY WORKS ON 3ATURDAY CASI NO APENAS
) HAVEN|T SEEN *OHN LATELY LTIMAMENTE
#OMPARISON OF ADVERBS
#UANDO ESTUDIAMOS LA #OMPARACIN DE LOS !DJETIVOS 5NIT VIMOS QUE DEPENDIENDO DEL NMERO DE SLABAS
DEL ADJETIVOS SE AGREGABA EL SUlJO
%2 O SE ANTEPONA EL ADVERBIO -/2% AL ADJETIVO .ORMALMENTE EL '2!$/
#/-0!2!4)6/ $% ,/3 !$6%2")/3 SE EXPRESA MEDIANTE EL USO DE -/2% !$6%2" 4(!.
*OHN DRIVES MORE CAREFULLY THAN "OB
-IKE CAME MORE QUICKLY THAN THE OTHER BOYS
! BUS RUNS MORE SLOWLY THAN A TRAIN
#ON LOS ADVERBIOS 3//. &!34 %!2,9 ,!4% Y (!2$ EL GRADO DE COMPARACIN SE EXPRESA MEDIANTE EL USO DEL
SUlJO
%2 4(!.
7E GOT THERE SOONER THAN WE EXPECTED
! DOG RUNS FASTER THAN A HORSE
-R "LAKE WILL CALL LATER TONIGHT
"OB WORKS HARDER THAN ANY OF THE OTHER STUDENTS
) GOT UP A LITTLE EARLIER THAN USUAL TODAY
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
(AY ALGUNOS ADVERBIOS QUE USAN UNA FORMA DIFERENTE EN EL GRADO COMPARATIVO
WELL BIEN
BADLY MAL
FAR LEJOS
BETTER MEJOR
WORSE PEOR
FARTHER MS LEJOS
*OHN WORKS WELL *OHN WORKS BETTER THAN 7ILLIAM
"ILL BEHAVES BADLY IN CLASS BUT *ACK BEHAVES WORSE AS A RULE
4HEY WENT VERY FAR 7E WENT FARTHER
,A COMPARACIN DE IGUALDAD SE EXPRESA CON !3 !$6%2" !3
"OB SPEAKS %NGLISH AS WELL AS (ELEN DOES
(E GETS UP AS EARLY AS ) DO
%8%2#)3%3
%X 3UPPLY THE ADVERB FORM OF THE ADJECTIVE IN PARENTHESES
*OHN LEFT THE OFlCE QUICKLY THAT AFTERNOON QUICK
3HE SPEAKS %NGLISH???????????????????????????? BEAUTIFUL
(E ALWAYS DRIVES ???????????????????????????? CAREFUL
3HE WORKS VERY ???????????????????????????? EVERY DAY HARD
7E ARRIVED HOME ???????????????????????????? THAT EVENING EARLY
(E DID THE WORK???????????????????????????? AS USUAL EASY
7E WALKED VERY ???????????????????????????? QUICK
FEEL VERY ???????????????????????????? TODAY GOOD
(E ALWAYS DOES HIS WORK ???????????????????????????? GOOD
(E SPEAKS VERY ???????????????????????????? FAST
3HE PREPARES HER LESSONS ???????????????????????????? CARELESS
4HEY ACTED ???????????????????????????? IN THAT MATTER BAD
%X 3UPPLY THE PROPER FORM ADJECTIVE OR ADVERB
(E IS A VERY CAREFUL STUDENT
(E ALWAYS DOES HIS WORK ???????????????????????????? CAREFUL
(E LEARNS HIS LESSON ????????????????????????????QUICK
4HIS IS AN ???????????????????????????? EXERCISE EASY
CAN DO THIS EXERCISE ???????????????????????????? EASY
-ARY IS A ???????????????????????????? GIRL BEAUTIFUL
3HE ALSO SINGS AND PLAYS THE GUITAR ???????????????????????????? BEAUTIFUL
*OHN WAS VERY ???????????????????????????? FOOLISH
(E CERTAINLY ACTED ???????????????????????????? FOOLISH
)T IS ALWAYS ???????????????????????????? TO PREPARE FOR THE FUTURE WISE
4HEY ACTED ???????????????????????????? IN DOING THAT WISE
7E DROVE TO THE HOSPITAL VERY ???????????????????????????? FAST
%X %XPRESS THE WORDS IN PARENTHESES IN COMPARATIVE FORM
*OHN WORKS MORE CAREFULLY THAN ) CAREFUL
(E COMES HERE ???????????????????????????? SHE OFTEN
) GO THERE ???????????????????????????? HE DOESREGULAR
4HEY GET UP EVERY MORNING ???????????????????????????? WE EARLY
(E COMES HERE ???????????????????????????? HE DID BEFORE FREQUENT
3HE PLAYS THE GUITAR ???????????????????????????? ANYONE ELSE GOOD
(E CAN RUN MUCH ???????????????????????????? ) FAST
*OHN WORKS ???????????????????????????? ) HARD
(E STUDIES ???????????????????????????? -ARY SERIOUS
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
) GO TO BED ???????????????????????????? YOU LATE
(E WILL ARRIVE???????????????????????????? THEY SOON
4HEY CAME TO WORK ????????????????????????????USUAL EARLY
%X %XPRESS IN FULL FORM USING EQUALITY OF COMPARISON
(E GOES TO BED ???????????????????????????? ) LATE
(E CAN RUN ???????????????????????????? HIS BROTHER FAST
*OHN SPEAKS %NGLISH ????????????????????????????) GOOD
(E GETS UP ???????????????????????????? HIS SISTER EARLY
3HE SINGS ???????????????????????????? SHE PLAYS BEAUTIFUL
(E WORKS ???????????????????????????? HE CAN HARD
(E CAME ???????????????????????????? HE COULD QUICK
4HE SUN IS SHINING ???????????????????????????? IT WAS YESTERDAY BRIGHT
3PEAK ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? POSSIBLE SOFT
(E CAME HERE ???????????????????????????? HE COULD EARLY
7E DROVE TO THE HOSPITAL ???????????????????????????? WE COULD FAST
9OU CAN DO IT ???????????????????????????? ) EASY
%XPRESS IN FULL FORM USING EQUALITY OF COMPARISON
(E DOESNT WALK AS SO FAST AS ) DO FAST
(E CANT COME ???????????????????????????? WE EARLY
3HE CANT PLAY ???????????????????????????? SHE CAN SING GOOD
) CANT DO IT ???????????????????????????? ) DID IT BEFORE EASY
(E DIDNT ARRIVE ???????????????????????????? WE EXPECTED HIM EARLY
(E DOESNT WORK ???????????????????????????? SHE CAREFUL
3HE DOESNT SPEAK ???????????????????????????? HER SISTER GOOD
(E DOESNT PLAY TENNIS ???????????????????????????? HE PLAYS BASEBALL BAD
(ELEN DOESN|T ATTEND CLASS ???????????????????????????? -ARY REGULAR
"OB DOESN|T WORK ???????????????????????????? YOU DO HARD
" 2%&,%8)6% 02/./5.3
,OS PRONOMBRES REmEXIVOS SON LOS SIGUIENTES
3INGULAR
0LURAL
MYSELF MAISLF
OURSELVES AUERSLVZ
YOURSELF IORSLF
YOURSELVES IORSLVZ
HIMSELF HIMSLF
HERSELF HERSLF
ITSELF ITSLF
THEMSELVES EMSLVZ
,OS PRONOMBRES REmEXIVOS TIENEN TRES USOS FRECUENTES
3E USAN PARA EXPRESAR ACCIONES REmEJAS
"OB CUT HIMSELF WITH THE KNIFE "OB SE CORT CON EL CUCHILLO
4HE MEN KILLED THEMSELVES ,OS HOMBRES SE SUICIDARON
3E USAN PARA EXPRESAR NFASISEN ESTE CASO SE TRADUCEN CON LAS PALABRAS hMISMOv hPERSONALMENTEv
4HE +ING HIMSELF WILL VISIT THE DEVASTATED AREAS %L 2EY VISITAR PERSONALMENTE LA ZONA DESVASTADA
) MYSELF WILL DO IT 9O MISMO LO HAR
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
3E USAN CON LA PREPOSICIN BY PARA INDICAR LA IDEA DE hALONEv SOLO SIN LA AYUDA O LA COMPAA DE OTRA
PERSONA
4HE POOR MAN LIVES BY HIMSELF IN AN OLD HOUSE %L POBRE HOMBRE VIVE SOLO EN UNA CASA VIEJA
(ANS STUDIES IN A GROUP BUT ) STUDY BY MYSELF (ANS ESTUDIA EN UN GRUPO PERO YO ESTUDIO SOLO
4HE GIRL SOLVED THE PROBLEM BY HERSELF ,A NIA RESOLVI EL PROBLEMA SOLA
%8%2#)3%3
%X 3UPPLY THE CORRECT REmEXIVE PRONOUN
*OHN HURT ?????????????????????????????? WHEN HE FELL
4HE BABY CANNOT DRESS ??????????????????????????????
(ELEN BURNT ?????????????????????????????? WITH THE MATCH
7ILLIAM SHAVES ?????????????????????????????? EVERY DAY
7E ENJOYED ?????????????????????????????? AT THE CONCERT
3HE LOOKED AT ?????????????????????????????? IN THE MIRROR
3OME PEOPLE LIKE TO TALK ABOUT ??????????????????????????????
$O YOU LIKE TO TALK ABOUT??????????????????????????????
4HE LITTLE GIRL CUT ?????????????????????????????? WITH A PEN
KNIFE
) SHAVE ?????????????????????????????? EVERY MORNING
4HE POOR MAN KILLED ??????????????????????????????
(E FELL AND HURT ?????????????????????????????? ON THE ICE
%X 3UPPLY THE CORRECT REmEXIVE PRONOUN EMPHATIC USE
) MYSELF WILL DO IT
(ELEN ?????????????????????????????? WILL DELIVER THE SPEECH
(E SAID THAT HE ?????????????????????????????? COULD MEET US AT THE AIRPORT
4HEY ?????????????????????????????? WILL DELIVER THE MERCHANDISE
7E ?????????????????????????????? WILL WAIT FOR YOU
4HE 0RESIDENT ?????????????????????????????? ATTENDED TO THE MEETING
-ISS 3MITH ?????????????????????????????? WILL SPEAK TO US
4HE AMBASSADOR ?????????????????????????????? WILL SIGN THE AGREEMENT
*OHN ?????????????????????????????? WROTE TO ME
-ARY ?????????????????????????????? WILL ATTEND THE MEETING
9OU ?????????????????????????????? MUST SPEAK TO HIM 0ETER
9OU ?????????????????????????????? HAVE TO DO IT BOYS
%X &OR THE WORD !,/.% SUBSTITUTE THE PREPOSITION "9 WITH THE CORRECT REmEXIVE PRONOUN
*OHN LIVES ALONE IN AN APARTMENT
3HE LIKES TO STUDY ALONE
) WENT TO THE MOVIE ALONE
$O YOU LIKE TO GO TO THE MOVIE ALONE
(E LIKES TO WALK ALONE IN THE PARK
-Y AUNT LIVES ALONE IN THE COTTAGE
(E WORKS ALONE IN A SMALL OFlCE
(E PREFERS TO WORK ALONE
) DO NOT LIKE TO EAT ALONE
) DO NOT THINK HE CAN DO IT ALONE
"OTH THE BOYS AND THE GIRLS STUDY ALONE
(E WROTE THE ENTIRE BOOK ALONE
*OHN LIVES BY HIMSELF IN AN APARTMENT
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
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! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
# %, 0!3!$/ $% h'/).' 4/v SUBJECT WAS WERE GOING TO INlNITIVE
%STA ESTRUCTURA SE USA PARA REFERIRSE A ACCIONES QUE HABIENDO SIDO PLANEADAS O PLANIlCADAS CON ANTERIORIDAD NO SE
LLEVARON A CABO POR ALGUNA RAZN
#OMPARE
7E ARE GOING TO PLAY FOOTBALL AT MIDDAY TODAY .OSOTROS VAMOS A JUGAR FTBOL HOY AL MEDIODA
7E WERE GOING TO PLAY FOOTBALL AT MIDDAY YESTERDAY BUT IT RAINED .OSOTROS BAMOS A JUGAR FTBOL AYER AL MEDIODA
PERO LLOVI
%8%2#)3%3
%X 3UBSTITUTE THE PAST FORM OF '/).' 4O FOR THE ITALICIZED VERBS
) INTENDED TO CALL YOU YESTERDAY BUT ) FORGOT
) WAS GOING TO CALL YOU YESTERDAY BUT ) FORGOT
) PLANNED TO GO TO THE BEACH BUT IT RAINED
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7E PLANNED TO TELEPHONE YOU BUT WE COULDNT lND YOUR NUMBER
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7E INTENDED TO WAIT BUT WE HAD TO LEAVE
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
) PLANNED TO COME BACK EARLIER BUT ) HAD TO WORK UNTIL LATE
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
) INTENDED TO GO HOME EARLY BUT THE MANAGER ASKED ME TO HELP HIM
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7E INTENDED TO WALK IN THE PARK BUT IT WAS TOO COLD
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
) INTENDED TO WRITE YOU A LETTER LAST WEEK BUT ) COULDN|T lND YOUR ADDRESS
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7E PLANNED TO EAT EARLY BUT OUR GUESTS ARRIVED LATE
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7E INTENDED TO GO TO A MOVIE lRST BUT WE HAD TO WAIT FOR OUR FRIENDS TO ARRIVE
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7E PLANNED TO STUDY FOR OUR EXAMINATION BUT SOME FRIENDS CALLED ON US VISITED US
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HEY INTENDED TO LEAVE .EW 9ORK YESTERDAY BUT THEY MISSED THEIR mIGHT
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X !NSWER THE QUESTIONS AS IN THE EXAMPLE
!NN $ID YOU TELEPHONE 0ETER LAST NIGHT
9OU .O ) DIDN|T ) WAS GOING TO TELEPHONE HIM BUT ) FORGOT
!NN $ID YOU BUY THE CAR
9OU .O ) DIDN|T ) ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
!NN $ID YOU VISIT YOUR FRIENDS LAST 3ATURDAY
9OU .O ) DIDN|T ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
!NN $ID YOU GO OUT AFTER DINNER LAST NIGHT
9OU .O ) DIDN|T ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
"!3)# 6/#!"5,!29 3TUDY THESE WORDS
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A 'EOGRAPHY DLLIGRAl GEOGRAFA
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|
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PLANT PLANT
ROOTS RUTS
SEED SID
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TREE TRI
TRUNK TRAK
PLANTA
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BFALO
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mEA mI
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BRANCH BR|NTCH
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BFALO BFALOU
BUMBLEBEE BMBLB
BUTTERmY BTERmAI
CAT K|T
COCK KOK COCKEREL KKEREL
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
COW KU
CROCODILE KRKOUDIL
CHICKEN TCHIKIN
DEER DAR
DOG DOG
DOLPHIN DLlN
DONKEY DKI
DRAGONmY DR|GONmAI
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EAGLE GL
ELEPHANT LIFANT
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! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
MOUSE MUS MICE MAIS
OSTRICH STRITCH
RABBIT R|BIT
RAT RT
RHINOCEROS RAINOSEROS
SEAGULL SGAL
SEAL SIL
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5.)4
0!24 )
%X HAD
GONE HAD
STARTED HAD
lNISHED HAD
DISAPPEARED HAD BEEN HAD STOLEN HAD TAKEN
HAD LEFT HAD
PUT OUT HAD
GONE
%X HAD BEEN
BECAME FELT
HAD TAKEN HAD ALREADY GIVEN
GOT LEFT
HAD COLLECTED WAS
HAD STOPPED
HAD ALREADY BEGUN
GOT
TOOK ROAMED
HAD ALREADY BECOME
APPEARED HAD NEVER SEEN
VISITED HAD ALREADY
BOARDED
GOT SAW
HAD NOT SEEN
DIDN{T RECOGNIZE
HAD LOST
%X 4OM HADN{T LEFTYET (AD 4OM LEFTYET ALREADY 4HEY HADN{T SPENT ALL YET (AD THEY SPENT ALLALREADY
YET 0AUL HADN{T SENTYET (AD 0AUL SENTALREADY YET *ANE HADN{T SEEN (AD *ANE SEEN 4HE CHILDREN
HADN{T HADYET (AD THE CHILDREN HAD ALREADY YET -RS "ENTLEY HADN|T GONEYET (AD -RS "ENTLEY GONE
ALREADY YET
%X (OW MANY SANDWICHES HAD *OHN EATEN THAT EVENING 7HERE HAD $R "LACK STUDIED 7HEN HAD THE
ENGINEER GRADUATED FROM 5#,! 7HAT HAD 0AUL DONE THE PREVIOUS YEAR !T WHAT TIME 7HEN HAD THE PLANE TAKEN
OFF FROM *&+ !IRPORT (OW LONG HAD HE WORKED IN THE !RMY WHEN HE BECAME A GENERAL (OW MUCH MONEY HAD
THEY SPENT BEFORE THEY ARRIVED IN 4OKYO (OW MANY TIMES HAD "ILL MADE THE SAME MISTAKE 7HO HAD VISITED THEM
THAT EVENING 7HAT LANGUAGE HAD THE GIRL STUDIED AT SCHOOL
%X 4HEY HAD NOT STUDIED THERE VERY LONG ) HADN{T SEEN A CRICKET GAME BEFORE (AD YOU EATEN HAD THIS
BEFORE 7HY HADN{T YOU WRITTEN TO US BEFORE 3HE HADN{T READ THAT BOOK BEFORE 4HEY HAD VISITED OTHER COUNTRIES
BEFORE THEY CAME BEFORE COMING TO THE 53! 7HERE HAD THEY BEEN THAT MORNING 3HE|D WORKED HARD VERY LONG
3HE{D NEVER BEEN ABROAD BEFORE (E SAID THAT HE{D BEEN VERY BUSY THAT DAY
0!24 ))
!
%X BEAUTIFULLY CAREFULLY HARD EARLY EASILY QUICKLY WELL WELL FAST
CARELESSLY BADLY
%X CAREFULLY QUICKLY EASY EASILY BEAUTIFUL BEAUTIFULLY FOOLISH FOOLISHLY
WISE WISELY FAST
%X MORE OFTEN THAN MORE REGULARLY THAN EARLIER THAN MORE FREQUENTLY THAN BETTER THAN FASTER THAN
HARDER THAN MORE SERIOUSLY THAN LATER THAN SOONER THAN EARLIER THAN
%X AS LATE AS AS FAST AS AS WELL AS AS EARLY AS AS BEAUTIFULLY AS AS HARD AS AS QUICKLY AS AS BRIGHTLY
AS AS SOFTLY AS AS EARLY AS AS FAST AS AS EASILY AS
%X AS SO EARLY AS AS SO WELL AS AS SO EASILY AS AS SO EARLY AS AS SO CAREFULLY AS
AS SO WELL AS AS SO BADLY AS AS SO REGULARLY AS AS SO HARD AS
"
%X HIMSELF ITSELF HIMSELF HERSELF HERSELF HIMSELF OURSELVES HERSELF THEMSELVES YOURSELF YOURSELVES
HERSELF MYSELF HIMSELF HIMSELF
%X HERSELF HIMSELF THEMSELVES OURSELVES HIMSELF HERSELF HIMSELF HIMSELF HERSELF YOURSELF
YOURSELVES
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%X 3HE LIKES TO STUDY BY HERSELF ) WENT TO THE MOVIE BY MYSELF $O YOU LIKE TO GO TO THE MOVIE BY YOURSELF
(E LIKES TO WALK BY HIMSELF IN THE PARK -Y AUNT LIVES BY HERSELF IN THE COTTAGE (E WORKS BY HIMSELF IN A SMALL
OFlCE (E PREFERS TO WORK BY HIMSELF ) DO NOT LIKE TO EAT BY MYSELF ) DO NOT THINK HE CAN DO IT BY HIMSELF
"OTH THE BOYS AND THE GIRLS STUDY BY THEMSELVES (E WROTE THE ENTIRE BOOK BY HIMSELF
#
%X ) WAS GOING TO GO TO THE BEACH BUT 7E WERE GOING TO TELEPHONE YOU BUT 7E WERE GOING TO WAIT BUT
) WAS GOING TO COME BACK EARLIER BUT ) WAS GOING TO GO HOME EARLY BUT 7E WERE GOING TO WALK IN THE PARK
BUT ) WAS GOING TO WRITE YOU A LETTER LAST WEEK BUT 7E WERE GOING TO EAT EARLY BUT 7E WERE GOING TO GO
TO A MOVIE lRST BUT 7E WERE GOING TO STUDY FOR OUR EXAMINATION BUT 4HEY WERE GOING TO LEAVE .EW 9ORK
YESTERDAY BUT
%X 0OSSIBLE ANSWERS ) WAS GOING TO BUY IT BUT ) DECIDED TO SAVE MORE MONEY TO BUY A NEWER MODEL ) WAS
GOING TO VISIT THEM BUT ) COULD NOT GO OUT OF TOWN BECAUSE OF THE SNOW STORM ) WAS GOING TO GO OUT BUT THEN DECIDED
TO STAY IN AND WATCH THE BASEBALL GAME ON 46 INSTEAD
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
5.)4
0!24 %, 4)%-0/ 0!3!$/ 0%2&%#4/ #/.4).5/ 4(% 0!34 0%2&%#4 #/.4).5/53 4%.3%
%STE TIEMPO SE FORMA USANDO EL 0ASADO 0ERFECTO DEL VERBO MODAL "% (!$ "%%. HAD BIN MS UN '%25.$)/ DEL
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4HE MAN HAD WORKED ALL DAY MN HAD WRKT OL DI
%L HOMBRE HABA TRABAJADO TODO EL DA
4HE MAN HAD BEEN WORKING ALL DAY MN HAD BIN WRKI OL DI
%L HOMBRE HABA ESTADO TRABAJANDO TODO EL DA
4HEY|D PLAYED SOCCER FOR ABOUT TWO HOURS ID PLID SKER FOR ABUT T UARZ
%LLOS HABAN JUGADO FTBOL CERCA DE HORAS
4HEY|D BEEN PLAYING SOCCER FOR ABOUT TWO HOURS ID BIN PLII SKER FOR BUT T UARZ
%LLOS HABAN ESTADO JUGANDO FTBOL CERCA DE DOS HORAS
,AS FORMA NEGATIVA SE EXPRESA USANDO (!$ ./4 O (!$.|4 HDNT %N LA FORMA INTERROGATIVA SE DEBE ANTEPONER (!$
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%LLOS NO HABAN ESTADO TRABAJANDO TODO EL DA
(AD THEY BEEN PLAYING SOCCER ALL DAY HAD I BIN PLI SKER OL DI
z(ABAN ESTADO ELLOS JUGANDO FTBOL TODO EL DA
(OW LONG HAD THEY BEEN PLAYING SOCCER HU L HAD EI BIN PLI SKER
z#UNTO TIEMPO HABAN ESTADO ELLOS JUGANDO FTBOL
,A PREGUNTA MS FRECUENTE EN ESTE TIEMPO VERBAL ES
7(!4 (!$ 9/5 "%%. $/).' WT HAD I BN DI z1U HABA ESTADO HACIENDO UD
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%X #OMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING THE APPROPRIATE VERB IN THE 0AST 0ERFECT #ONTINUOUS TENSE
4OM ???????????????????????? 46 SINCE THAT EVENING WATCH
4HE MEN ???????????????????????? FOR HOURS WHEN THEY GOT TO THE VILLAGE WALK
*ACK ???????????????????????? 'ERMAN FOR YEARS BEFORE THEY SENT HIM TO 'ERMANY STUDY
4HE GROUND WAS VERY WET THAT MORNING BECAUSE IT ???????????????????????? ALL NIGHT RAIN
7HAT ???????????????????????? THEY ????????????????????????BEFORE WE ARRIVED DO
4HEY ???????????????????????? NOT ???????????????????????? TOO MUCH BEFORE THE BAR CLOSED DRINK
7E ???????????????????????? FOR OVER HOURS WHEN THE PLANE LANDED IN .EW 9ORKmY
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%X #HANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO A THE NEGATIVE AND B THE INTERROGATIVE
3HE|D BEEN READING A MAGAZINE
)T|D BEEN RAINING HARD THAT AFTERNOON
"OB HAD BEEN SLEEPING SINCE
)|D BEEN WORKING OUT FOR MINUTES
4HE STUDENTS HAD BEEN PRACTISING 3PANISH
4HE PATIENT HAD BEEN FEELING BETTER
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
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%X !SK QUESTIONS USING QUESTION WORDS LIKE 7HAT 7HERE (OW LONG ETC
4HEY|D BEEN STUDYING THE REPORT THAT EVENING
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE BOY HAD BEEN WATCHING THE STARS BEFORE HE WENT TO BED THAT NIGHT
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
-R 3MITH HAD BEEN SAVING MONEY BECAUSE HE WAS PLANNING TO TAKE A TRIP TO !FRICA
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE *OHNSONS HAD BEEN LIVING IN THE SAME HOUSE FOR ABOUT YEARS
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E HAD BEEN TEACHING 0HYSICS FOR DECADES IN THAT SCHOOL BEFORE HE RETIRED
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X 4RANSLATE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO %NGLISH
z1U HABA ESTADO HACIENDO 5D ESA MAANA
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
,A 3RA "ROWN HABA ESTADO TRABAJANDO ARDUAMENTE ESE DA Y SE SENTA CANSADA
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
z#UNTO TIEMPO HABAS ESTADO VIVIENDO EN ESE DEPARTAMENTO ANTES DE COMPRAR ESTA CASA
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
%LLOS HABAN ESTADO CONVERSANDO APROXIMADAMENTE UNA HORA ANTES QUE YO LLEGARA
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
(ABA ESTADO LLOVIENDO TODA LA MAANA %L CIELO ESTABA DESPEJADO Y EL SOL ESTABA BRILLANDO
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
%LLA HABA ESTADO TRABAJANDO EN ESE INFORME DESDE LA SEMANA ANTERIOR
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
%L JOVEN INGENIERO HABA ESTADO HACIENDO TRABAJO DE INVESTIGACIN DURANTE MUCHO TIEMPO
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
0!24 ))
! 0!34 4%.3% /& 3(/5,$
/5'(4 4/
,OS VERBOS MODALES 3(/5,$ Y /5'(4 4/ DEBERA O DEBIERA TIENEN UNA FORMA DE EXPRESAR EL PASADO %N ESTE CASO
ESTOS VERBOS VAN SEGUIDOS DE (!6% 5. 0!34 0!24)#)0,% %S IMPORTANTE DESTACAR QUE ESTA ESTRUCTURA CONLLEVA UNA
IDEA NEGATIVA EXPRESA UN REPROCHE O CRTICA 2ARA VEZ SE USA /5'(4 4/ EN ORACIONES NEGATIVAS O INTERROGATIVAS
#OMPARE
) SHOULD START TO STUDY &RENCH NOW 9O DEBERA COMENZAR A ESTUDIAR &RANCS AHORA
) 3(/5,$ (!6% 34!24%$ TO STUDY &RENCH A LONG TIME AGO BUT ) DID NOT 9O DEBERA HABER COMENZADO A ESTUDIAR
&RANCS HACE MUCHO TIEMPO PERO NO LO HICE
9OU OUGHT TO COME EARLIER $EBERAS VENIR MS TEMPRANO
9OU /5'(4 4/ (!6% #/-% EARLIER BUT YOU CAME LATE AS USUAL $EBERAS HABER LLEGADO MS TEMPRANO PERO
LLEGASTE ATRASADO COMO DE COSTUMBRE
%8%2#)3%3
%X 3UPPLY THE PROPER PAST TENSE FORM OF 3(/5,$ OR /5'(4 4/ !LTERNATE SHOULD AND OUGHT TO
(E SHOULD HAVE STUDIED STUDY BEFORE HE TOOK HIS EXAMINATIONS BUT HE DIDN|T
9OU OUGHT TO HAVE TELEPHONED TELEPHONE ME YESTERDAY BUT YOU DIDN|T
9OU ???????????????????????? GO TO THE OPERA WITH US LAST NIGHT )T WAS EXCELLENT
(E ???????????????????????? COME AT TEN OCLOCK LAST NIGHT INSTEAD OF TWELVE
9OU ???????????????????????? TELL ME THAT YOU WERE NOT ABLE TO COME
(E STARTED TO STUDY %NGLISH LAST MONTH (E ???????????????????????? START A LONG TIME AGO
9OU ???????????????????????? NOT TELL HER ANYTHING ABOUT THE ACCIDENT
9OU ???????????????????????? TELEPHONE TO THE POLICE AS SOON AS YOU REACHED HOME
9OU ???????????????????????? ATTEND THE LECTURE LAST NIGHT )T WAS VERY INTERESTING
9OU ???????????????????????? GIVE THAT MONEY TO -R3MITH YESTERDAY
9OU ???????????????????????? NOT GIVE OUR ADDRESS TO *OHN
) ???????????????????????? NOT GO TO BED SO LATE LAST NIGHT
%X #OMPLETE THE FOLLOWING IN YOUR OWN WORDS USING CONSTRUCTIONS WITH 3(/5,$ (!6% OR /5'(4 4/ (!6%
(E WAITED FOR ME ON THE CORNER OF ND 3TREET BUT HE SHOULD ????????????????????????????????????????????
(E WAITED FOR ME ON THE CORNER OF ND 3TREET BUT HE SHOULD HAVE WAITED FOR ME ON THE CORNER OF TH 3TREET
(E SENT THE PACKAGE BY REGULAR MAIL BUT HE SHOULD ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????
3HE GAVE THE MONEY TO *OHN BUT SHE SHOULD ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E LEFT THE BOOKS IN 2OOM BUT HE SHOULD ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
9OU TELEPHONED HIM AT HIS OFlCE BUT YOU OUGHT ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7E SENT HER A FAX BUT WE SHOULD ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E INVESTED HIS MONEY IN REAL ESTATE BUT HE ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E STUDIED ENGINEERING IN COLLEGE BUT HE SHOULD ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7E WENT TO -EXICO ON OUR VACATION BUT WE SHOULD ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HEY SENT US THE MERCHANDISE BY PARCEL POST BUT THEY SHOULD ????????????????????????????????????????????
" )$)/-!4)# 6%2" 0(2!3%3 h7/5,$ 2!4(%2v !.$ h(!$ "%44%2v
%STAS FRASES IDIOMTICAS SE USAN COMO SI FUERAN VERBOS MODALES Y VAN SEGUIDAS DE UN BARE INlNITIVE )NlNITIVO SIN
hTOv !MBAS SE RElEREN A SITUACIONES PRESENTES O FUTURAS
,A ORACIN h) 7/5,$ 2!4(%2 7!4#( 46v 0REFERIRA MIRAR 46 ES SINNIMO DE h) PREFER TO WATCH 46v MIENTRAS QUE
LA ORACIN h9OU (!$ "%44%2 3%% A DOCTOR RIGHT AWAYv 3ERA MEJOR QUE VIERAS UN MDICO DE INMEDIATO ES SINNIMO
DE h9OU SHOULD SEE A DOCTOR RIGHT AWAYv O h)T IS ADVISABLE THAT YOU SEE A DOCTOR RIGHT AWAYv
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%N LAS CONVERSACIN DIARIA TANTO 7/5,$ 2!4(%2 COMO (!$ "%44%2 SE USAN EN CONTRACCIN COMO LOS EJEMPLOS
SIGUIENTES
)|D RATHER SEE A MOVIE THAN GO TO THE OPERA
(E|D BETTER SEE A DOCTOR IMMEDIATELY
%N LA FORMA NEGATIVA SE DEBE USAR ./4 DESPUS DE 7/5,$ 2!4(%2 O (!$ "%44%2 !L FORMULAR INTERROGACIONES
SE DEBE ANTEPONER 7/5,$ O (!$ AL SUJETO COMO EN ESTOS EJEMPLOS
)|D RATHER NOT GO AT ALL THAN GO WITH THEM
9OU|D BETTER NOT MENTION IT TO ANYONE
7HAT WOULD YOU RATHER DRINK TEA OR COFFEE 7HAT HAD ) BETTER DO STAY IN BED ALL DAY OR SEE A DOCTOR
!DEMS DE 7/5,$ 2!4(%2 PODEMOS INDICAR O EXPRESAR PREFERENCIA MEDIANTE EL USO DE 02%&%2 4/ O
,)+% "%44%2 4(!.
) PREFER APPLES TO ORANGES
) PREFER WATCHING 46 TO STUDYING MATH
)|D RATHER HAVE AN APPLE THAN AN ORANGE
) LIKE APPLES BETTER THAN ORANGES
) LIKE WATCHING 46 BETTER THAN STUDYING MATH
%8%2#)3%3
%X #HANGE THESE SENTENCES TO INTRODUCE 7/5,$ 2!4(%2
) PREFER TO WAIT HERE
3HE PREFERS TO COME BACK LATER
) PREFER TO DRINK TEA WITH MY MEALS
4HEY PREFER NOT TO WAIT OUTSIDE
) 0REFER TO STAY AT HOME AND WATCH TELEVISION
7E PREFER NOT TO SAY ANYTHING TO HIM ABOUT IT
) PREFER TO GO TO 3OUTH !MERICA ON MY VACATION
*OHN PREFERS TO GO TO THE PARTY WITH (ELEN
) PREFER NOT TO GO TO THE PARTY ALONE
4HEY PREFER TO SPEAK TO HIM AT HIS HOME
)D RATHER WAIT HERE
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X #HANGE THESE SENTENCES TO INTRODUCE (!$ "%44%2
)T WILL BE BETTER IF YOU COME BACK LATER
9OUD BETTER COME BACK LATER
)T WILL BE BETTER IF HE GOES TO A DOCTOR AT ONCE
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
)T WILL BE BETTER IF YOU REST A WHILE
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
)T WILL BE BETTER IF HE TAKES PRIVATE LESSONS
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
)T WILL BE BETTER IF SHE SPENDS MORE TIME ON HER HOMEWORK ???????????????????????????????????????????????
)T WILL BE BETTER IF WE SEND HIM AN E
MAIL RIGHT AWAY ???????????????????????????????????????????????????
)T WILL BE BETTER IF WE DONT MENTION IT TO HIM
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
)T WILL BE BETTER IF YOU DONT WORK SO HARD AFTER YOUR ILLNESS ???????????????????????????????????????????????
)T WILL BE BETTER IF WE DONT STAND SO CLOSE TO THE CURB ???????????????????????????????????????????????????
)T WILL BE BETTER IF (ELEN BEGINS TO SPEND MORE TIME ON HER %NGLISH ????????????????????????????????????????
%X #OMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH 4(!. "%44%2 4(!. OR 4/
7HEN )M HOT AND THIRSTY ) PREFER COLD DRINKS TO HOT DRINKS
7HEN )M HOT AND THIRSTY ) LIKE COLD DRINKS BETTER THAN HOT DRINKS
7HEN )M HOT AND THIRSTY )D RATHER HAVE A COLD DRINK THAN A HOT DRINK
) PREFER CHICKEN ?????????????????????????????? BEEF
) LIKE CHICKEN ?????????????????????????????? BEEF
)D RATHER EAT CHICKEN ?????????????????????????????? BEEF
7HEN ) CHOOSE A BOOK ) PREFER NONlCTION ?????????????????????????????? lCTION
) LIKE ROCK @N ROLL ?????????????????????????????? CLASSICAL MUSIC
4INA WOULD RATHER LIE ON THE BEACH ?????????????????????????????? GO SWIMMING
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
4INA LIKES LYING ON THE BEACH ?????????????????????????????? GOING SWIMMING
4INA PREFERS LYING ON THE BEACH ?????????????????????????????? GOING SWIMMING
-Y PARENTS WOULD RATHER WORK?????????????????????????????? RETIRE 4HEY ENJOY THEIR JOBS
$O YOU LIKE FRESH VEGETABLES ?????????????????????????????? FROZEN OR CANNED VEGETABLES
) WOULD RATHER TAKE A PICTURE OF A WILD ANIMAL?????????????????????????????? KILL IT WITH A GUN
-R +IM PREFERS TEA ?????????????????????????????? COFFEE WITH HIS EVENING MEAL
) PREFER VISITING MY FRIENDS IN THE EVENING ?????????????????????????????? WATCHING 46 BY MYSELF
-Y BROTHER WOULD RATHER READ A BOOK IN THE EVENING ?????????????????????????????? VISIT WITH FRIENDS
-Y SISTER LIKES HER MATH CLASS ?????????????????????????????? HER BIOLOGY CLASS
# -/$!, 6%2"3 ))
#/5,$ $/ 3/-%4().' !.$ #/5,$ (!6% $/.% 3/-%4().'
#OMO SABEMOS #/5,$ ES EL PASADO #!. PODER SER CAPAZ DE
s ,ISTEN ) CAN HEAR SOMETHING 0UEDO OIR ALGO 0RESENT
s ) LISTENED ) COULD HEAR SOMETHING 0ODA OIR ALGO 0AST
0ERO #/5,$ TAMBIN SE PUEDE USAR CUANDO QUEREMOS REFERIRNOS A ACCIONES POSIBLES DE REALIZAR AHORA O EN EL
FUTURO ESPECIALMENTE CUANDO DESEAMOS HACER UNA SUGERENCIA %N ESTE CASO #/5,$ SIGNIlCA PODRA PODRAS
PODRAMOS ETC
s *OHN 7HAT SHALL WE DO THIS EVENING
-ARY 7E COULD GO PODRAMOS IR TO THE CINEMA 4HERE|S A VERY GOOD lLM ON AT THE 2EX
s )T|S A NICE DAY 7E COULD GO FOR A WALK PODRAMOS SALIR A CAMINAR IN THE PARK
s 7HEN YOU GO TO .EW 9ORK NEXT MONTH YOU COULD STAY PODRAS QUEDARTE WITH "ARBARA
s *IM )F YOU NEED MONEY WHY DON|T YOU ASK +AREN
4OM 9ES ) SUPPOSE ) COULD DO THAT PODRA HACER ESO
4AMBIN #/5,$ SE USA PARA REFERIRSE A ALGO QUE ES POSIBLE AHORA O EN EL FUTURO %N ESTE CASO #/5,$ ES SINNIMO
DE -)'(4
s 4HE PHONE|S RINGING )T COULD BE 4IM PODRA SER 4IM
s ) DON|T KNOW WHEN THEY|LL BE HERE 4HEY COULD ARRIVE PODRAN LLEGAR AT ANY TIME
#OMPARE LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES
s ) AM SO TIRED NOW THAT ) COULD SLEEP FOR A WEEK 0RESENT %STOY TAN CANSADO AHORA QUE PODRA DORMIR DURANTE
UNA SEMANA
s ) WAS SO TIRED THAT DAY THAT ) COULD HAVE SLEPT FOR A WEEK%STABA TAN CANSADO ESE DA QUE PODRA HABER DORMIDO
UNA SEMANA 0AST
#/5,$ (!6% 0!34 0!24)#)0,% SE USA PARA REFERIRSE A ACCIONES QUE PUDIENDO HABERSE REALIZADO O SUCEDIDO
NO SE REALIZARON O NO SUCEDIERON
s 7HY DID YOU STAY AT A HOTEL WHEN YOU CAME TO 3ANTIAGO 9OU COULD HAVE STAYED WITH US0UDRAS HABERTE
QUEDADO CON NOSOTROS
s *OHN FELL OFF A LADDER YESTERDAY BUT HE|S ALL RIGHT (E COULD HAVE HURT HIMSELF BADLY 0ODRA HABERSE LASTIMADO
SERIAMENTE
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
! VECES ESTA ESTRUCTURA PUEDE USARSE PARA EXPRESAR LA IDEA DE h7/5,$ (!6% "%%. !",% 4/v HABRA PODIDO
s 7HY DIDN|T ,IZ APPLY FOR THE JOB 3HE COULD HAVE GOT IT 0ODRA HABERLO CONSEGUIDO
s 7E COULD HAVE GONE AWAY PODRAMOS HABER SALIDO IF WE|D HAD ENOUGH MONEY
s 4HE TRIP WAS CANCELLED LAST WEEK 0AUL COULDN|T HAVE GONE NO HABRA PODIDO SALIR ANYWAY BECAUSE HE WAS ILL
%8%2#)3%3
%X !NSWER THE QUESTIONS WITH A SUGGESTION 5SE #/5,$
7HERE SHALL WE GO FOR OUR HOLIDAYS TO 3COTLAND 7E COULD GO TO 3COTLAND
7HAT SHALL WE HAVE FOR DINNER TONIGHT lSH
7E ???????????????????????????????????????????????
7HAT SHALL ) GIVE !NN FOR HER BIRTHDAY A BOOK
9OU ???????????????????????????????????????????????
7HEN SHALL ) PHONE !NGELA RIGHT NOW
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
7HEN SHALL WE GO AND SEE 4OM ON &RIDAY
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
7HERE SHALL WE HANG THIS PICTURE IN THE KITCHEN ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X 0UT IN #!. OR #/5,$ 3OMETIMES EITHER WORD IS POSSIBLE
! 4HE PHONE IS RINGING 7HO DO YOU THINK IT IS " )T ?????????????????????????????? BE 4IM
)M REALLY HUNGRY ) ?????????????????????????????? EAT A HORSE
)F YOURE VERY HUNGRY WE ?????????????????????????????? HAVE DINNER NOW
)TS SO NICE HERE ) ?????????????????????????????? STAY HERE ALL DAY BUT UNFORTUNATELY ) HAVE TO GO
@) CANT lND MY BAG (AVE YOU SEEN IT @.O BUT IT ?????????????????????????????? BE IN THE CAR
0ETER IS A KEEN MUSICIAN (E PLAYS THE mUTE AND HE ?????????????????????????????? ALSO PLAY THE PIANO
@7HAT SHALL WE DO @4HERES A lLM ON TELEVISION 7E ?????????????????????????????? WATCH THAT
4HE WEATHER IS NICE NOW BUT IT ?????????????????????????????? CHANGE LATER
%X #OMPLETE THE SENTENCES 5SE #/5,$ OR #/5,$ (!6% A SUITABLE VERB
! 7HAT SHALL WE DO THIS EVENING " ) DONT MIND 7E COULD GO TO THE CINEMA
! ) HAD A VERY BORING EVENING AT HOME YESTERDAY @
" 7HY DID YOU STAY AT HOME 9OU ?????????????????????????????? TO THE CINEMA
! 4HERES AN INTERESTING JOB ADVERTISED IN THE PAPER 9OU ?????????????????????????????? FOR IT
" 7HAT SORT OF JOB IS IT 3HOW ME THE ADVERTISEMENT
! $ID YOU GO TO THE CONCERT LAST NIGHT
" .O 7E ?????????????????????????????? BUT WE DECIDED NOT TO
! 7HERE SHALL WE MEET TOMORROW
" 7ELL ) ?????????????????????????????? TO YOUR HOUSE IF YOU LIKE
%X 2EAD THIS INFORMATION ABOUT +EN
+EN DIDNT DO ANYTHING ON 3ATURDAY EVENING
+EN DOESNT KNOW ANYTHING ABOUT MACHINES
+EN WAS FREE ON -ONDAY AFTERNOON
+EN WAS SHORT OF MONEY LAST WEEK
+EN|S CAR WAS STOLEN ON -ONDAY
+EN HAD TO WORK ON &RIDAY EVENING
3OME PEOPLE WANTED +EN TO DO DIFFERENT THINGS LAST WEEK BUT THEY COULDNT CONTACT HIM 3O HE DIDNT DO ANY OF
THESE THINGS 9OU HAVE TO SAY WHETHER HE COULD HAVE DONE OR COULDNT HAVE DONE THEM
+ENS AUNT WANTED HIM TO DRIVE HER TO THE AIRPORT ON 4UESDAY
(E COULDN|T HAVE DRIVEN HER TO THE AIRPORT BECAUSE HIS CAR HAD BEEN STOLEN
! FRIEND OF HIS WANTED HIM TO GO OUT FOR A MEAL ON &RIDAY EVENING
+EN ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
!NOTHER FRIEND WANTED HIM TO PLAY TENNIS ON -ONDAY AFTERNOON
+EN ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
*ACK WANTED +EN TO LEND HIM a LAST WEEK
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
*ANE WANTED +EN TO COME TO HER PARTY ON 3ATURDAY EVENING
(E ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
+ENS MOTHER WANTED HIM TO REPAIR HER WASHING MACHINE
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
-534 #!.|4 -534 (!6% !.$ #!.|4 (!6%
3ABEMOS QUE UNO DE LOS USOS DE -534 ES EL DE EXPRESAR UNA SUPOSICIN O CONCLUSIN ES DECIR CUANDO ESTAMOS
SEGUROS QUE ALGO ES AS COMO EN LOS SIGUIENTES EJEMPLOS
s
s
s
9OU HAVE BEEN WORKING ALL DAY 9OU MUST BE VERY TIRED $EBES ESTAR MUY CANSADO
! h*IM IS A HARD WORKERv
" *IM ! HARD WORKER 9OU MUST BE JOKING $EBES ESTAR BROMEANDO (E|S VERY LAZYv
#AROL MUST GET VERY BORED DEBE ABURRIRSE MUCHO IN HER JOB 3HE DOES THE SAME THING EVERY DAY
#UANDO ESTAMOS SEGUROS DE QUE ALGO NO ES POSIBLE QUE NO PUEDE SER CIERTO DEBEMOS USAR #!.|4 COMO EN LOS
SIGUIENTES EJEMPLOS
s 9OU|VE JUST HAD LUNCH 9OU CAN|T BE HUNGRY ALREADY .O PUEDES ESTAR CON HAMBRE YA
s 4HEY HAVEN|T LIVED HERE VERY LONG 4HEY CAN|T KNOW MANY PEOPLE.O PUEDEN CONOCER MUCHA GENTE
%N SITUACIONES PASADAS SE DEBE USAR -534 (!6% 0!34 0!24)#)0,% O #!.|4 (!6% 0!34 0!24)#)0,%
%STUDIE LOS SIGUIENTES EJEMPLOS
s 'EORGE IS OUTSIDE HIS FRIENDS| HOUSE (E|S RUNG THE DOORBELL THREE TIMES BUT NOBODY HAS ANSWERED 4HEY MUST
HAVE GONE OUT $EBEN HABER SALIDO
s 4HE PHONE RANG BUT ) DIDN|T HEAR IT ) MUST HAVE BEEN ASLEEP$EBO HABER ESTADO DORMIDO
s *ANE WALKED PAST ME WITHOUT SPEAKING 3HE CAN|T HAVE SEEN ME .O DEBE HABERME VISTO
s )T WAS ABOUT IN THE EVENING 4OM WAS IN HIS BEDROOM (E MUST HAVE BEEN WATCHING THE NEWS ON 46 (E
CAN|T HAVE BEEN SLEEPING $EBER HABER ESTADO VIENDO LAS NOTICAS EN 46 .O PUEDE HABER ESTADO DURMIENDO
.OTE LA PRONUNCIACIN DE LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES
9OU MUST BE VERY TIRED I MS BI VRY TIARD
4HEY MUST HAVE GONE OUT EI MSTAV GN UT
3HE CAN|T HAVE SEEN ME SH KNTAV SN MI
(E MUST HAVE BEEN WATCHING 46 HI MSTAV BIN WTCHI T V
(E CAN|T HAVE BEEN SLEEPING HI KNTAV BIN SLPI
%8%2#)3%3
%X 0UT IN -534 OR #!.4
9OUVE BEEN TRAVELLING ALL DAY 9OU ??????????????????? BE VERY TIRED
4HAT RESTAURANT ??????????????????? BE VERY GOOD )TS ALWAYS FULL OF PEOPLE
4HAT RESTAURANT ??????????????????? BE VERY GOOD )TS ALWAYS EMPTY
9OURE GOING ON HOLIDAY NEXT WEEK 9OU ??????????????????? BE LOOKING FORWARD TO IT
)T RAINED EVERY DAY DURING THEIR HOLIDAY SO THEY ??????????????????? HAVE HAD A VERY NICE TIME
#ONGRATULATIONS ON PASSING YOUR EXAM 9OU ??????????????????? BE VERY PLEASED
9OU GOT HERE VERY QUICKLY 9OU??????????????????? HAVE WALKED VERY FAST
"ILL AND 3UE GO AWAY ON HOLIDAY VERY OFTEN SO THEY ??????????????????? BE SHORT OF MONEY
%X #OMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH A VERB IN THE CORRECT FORM
)VE LOST ONE OF MY GLOVES ) MUST ????????????????????????????? IT SOMEWHERE
4HEY HAVENT LIVED HERE VERY LONG 4HEY CANT ?????????????????????????????MANY PEOPLE
4ED ISNT AT WORK TODAY (E MUST ????????????????????????????? ILL
4ED WASNT AT WORK LAST WEEK (E MUST ??????????????????????????? ILL
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
4HE DOORBELL RINGS ) WONDER WHO THAT IS )T CANT ???????????????????? -ARY 3HES STILL AT WORK AT THIS TIME
#AROL KNOWS A LOT ABOUT lLMS 3HE MUST ????????????????????? TO THE CINEMA A LOT
,OOK *ACK IS PUTTING ON HIS HAT AND COAT (E MUST ????????????????????????????? OUT
) LEFT MY BIKE OUTSIDE THE HOUSE LAST NIGHT AND THIS MORNING IT WASNT THERE ANY MORE3OMEBODY MUST
????????????????????????????? IT
!NN WAS IN A VERY DIFlCULT SITUATION )T CANT ?????????????????????????????EASY FOR HER
4HERE IS A MAN WALKING BEHIND US (E HAS BEEN WALKING BEHIND US FOR THE LAST MINUTES (E MUST
????????????????????????????? US
%X 2EAD THE SITUATIONS AND USE THE WORDS IN BRACKETS TO WRITE SENTENCES WITH -534 (!6% AND #!.4 (!6%
4HE PHONE RANG BUT ) DIDNT HEAR IT )ASLEEP
MUST HAVE BEEN ASLEEP
*ANE WALKED PAST ME WITHOUT SPEAKING SHESEEME
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE JACKET YOU BOUGHT IS VERY GOOD QUALITY ITVERY EXPENSIVE
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
) HAVENT SEEN THE PEOPLE NEXT DOOR FOR AGES THEYGO AWAY
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
) CANT lND MY UMBRELLA )LEAVE IT IN THE RESTAURANT LAST NIGHT
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
$ON PASSED THE EXAM WITHOUT STUDYING FOR IT THE EXAMVERY DIFlCULT
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
3HE KNEW EVERYTHING ABOUT OUR PLANS SHELISTENTO OUR CONVERSATION
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
&IONA DID THE OPPOSITE OF WHAT ) ASKED HER TO DO SHEUNDERSTANDWHAT ) SAID
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7HEN ) WOKE UP THIS MORNING THE LIGHT WAS ON )FORGETTO TURN IT OFF
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE LIGHTS WERE RED BUT THE CAR DIDNT STOP THE DRIVERSEETHE RED LIGHT
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
) WAS WOKEN UP IN THE MIDDLE OF THE NIGHT BY THE NOISE NEXT DOOR THE NEIGHBOURSHAVEA PARTY
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
-!9 -)'(4 !.$ -!9 (!6% -)'(4 (!6% 0!34 0!24)#)0,%
,OS VERBOS MODALES -!9 -)'(4 SE USAN FRECUENTEMENTE PARA INDICAR UNA POSIBILIDAD
)T MAY BE TRUE 0UEDE QUE SEA CIERTO )T MIGHT BE TRUE 0ODRA SER CIERTO PERHAPS IT IS TRUE
3HE MAY KNOW WHAT HAPPENED 0UEDE QUE ELLA SEPA 3HE MIGHT KNOW %LLA PODRA TAL VEZ SABER WHAT HAPPENED
PERHAPS SHE KNOWS WHAT HAPPENED
,A FORMA NEGATIVA SE EXPRESA USANDO -!9 ./4 O -)'(4 ./4
)T MIGHT NOT BE TRUE 0ODRA NO SER CIERTO PERHAPS IT ISNT TRUE
)M NOT SURE WHETHER ) CAN LEND YOU SOME MONEY ) MAY NOT HAVE ENOUGH 0UEDE QUE NO TENGA SUlCIENTE PERHAPS
) DONT HAVE ENOUGH
%N EL PASADO PODEMOS USAR -!9 (!6% PAST PARTICIPLE O -)'(4 (!6% PAST PARTICIPLE
s
s
s
s
! ) WONDER WHY +AY DIDNT ANSWER THE PHONE
" 3HE MAY HAVE BEEN ASLEEP0UEDE QUE HAYA ESTADO DURMIENDO PERHAPS SHE WAS ASLEEP
! ) CANT lND MY BAG ANYWHERE
" 9OU MIGHT HAVE LEFT IT IN THE SHOP 0ODRAS HABERLA DEJADO PERHAPS YOU LEFT IT IN THE SHOP
! ) WAS SURPRISED THAT 3ARAH WASNT AT THE MEETING
" 3HE MIGHT NOT HAVE KNOWN ABOUT IT 0UEDE QUE NO HAYA SABIDO PERHAPS SHE DIDNT KNOW
! ) WONDER WHY #OLIN WAS IN SUCH A BAD MOOD YESTERDAY
" (E MAY NOT HAVE BEEN FEELING WELL 0UEDE QUE NO HAYA ESTADO SINTINDOSE BIEN PERHAPS HE WASNT
FEELING WELL
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%8%2#)3%3
%X 7RITE THESE SENTENCES IN A DIFFERENT WAY USING -!9 OR -)'(4 -!9 (!6% OR -)'(4 (!6%
0ERHAPS -ARGARET IS IN HER OFlCE
0ERHAPS -ARGARET IS BUSY
0ERHAPS SHE IS WORKING
0ERHAPS SHE WANTS TO BE ALONE
0ERHAPS SHE WAS ILL YESTERDAY
0ERHAPS SHE WENT HOME EARLY
0ERHAPS SHE HAD TO GO HOME EARLY
0ERHAPS SHE WAS WORKING YESTERDAY
3HE MIGHT BE IN HER OFlCE
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
)N SENTENCES
USE -!9 ./4 OR -)'(4 ./4
0ERHAPS SHE DOESNT WANT TO SEE ME
0ERHAPS SHE ISNT WORKING TODAY
0ERHAPS SHE WASNT FEELING WELL YESTERDAY
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X #OMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH A VERB IN THE CORRECT FORM
@7HERES "OB @)M NOT SURE (E MIGHT BE HAVING LUNCH
@7HO IS THAT MAN WITH !NN @)M NOT SURE )T MIGHT ???????????????????????????????????????? HER BROTHER
@7HO WAS THE MAN WE SAW WITH !NN YESTERDAY @)M NOT SURE )T MIGHT ?????????????????????? HER BROTHER
@7HY ARE THOSE PEOPLE WAITING IN THE STREET @) DONT KNOW 4HEY MIGHT ???????????????????????? FOR A BUS
@3HALL ) BUY THIS BOOK FOR 4IM @9OUD BETTER NOT (E MIGHT ??????????????????????????????????? IT ALREADY
%X 2EAD THE SITUATIONS AND MAKE SENTENCES FROM THE WORDS IN BRACKETS 5SE -!9 OR -)'(4
) CANT lND 'EORGE ANYWHERE ) WONDER WHERE HE IS
A HE GO SHOPPING
(E MAY HAVE GONE SHOPPING
B HE PLAY TENNIS
(E MIGHT BE PLAYING TENNIS
)M LOOKING FOR (ELEN $O YOU KNOW WHERE SHE IS
A SHE WATCH 46 IN HER ROOM
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
B SHE GO OUT
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
) CANT lND MY UMBRELLA (AVE YOU SEEN IT
A IT BE IN THE CAR
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
B YOU LEAVE IN THE RESTAURANT LAST NIGHT
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
7HY DIDNT 4OM ANSWER THE DOORBELL )M SURE HE WAS IN THE HOUSE AT THE TIME
A HE BE IN THE BATHROOM
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
B HE NOT HEAR THE BELL
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X #OMPLETE THE SENTENCES USING -)'(4 -)'(4 ./4 OR #/5,$ #/5,$.4
! $O YOU THINK SHE SAW YOU
" .O SHE WAS TOO FAR AWAY 3HE COULDN|T HAVE SEEN ME
! ) WONDER WHY SHE DIDN|T SAY HELLO 0ERHAPS SHE DIDN|T SEE ME
" 4HAT|S POSSIBLE 3HE MIGHT NOT HAVE SEEN YOU
! ) WONDER WHY !NN DIDN|T COME TO THE PARTY 0ERHAPS SHE WASN|T INVITED
" 9ES IT|S POSSIBLE 3HE ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
! 4OM LOVES PARTIES )|M SURE HE WOULD HAVE COME TO THE PARTY IF HE|D BEEN INVITED
" ) AGREE (E ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
! ) WONDER HOW THE lRE STARTED $O YOU THINK IT WAS AN ACCIDENT
" 4HE POLICE SAY IT ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
! (OW DID THE lRE START ) SUPPOSE IT WAS AN ACCIDENT
" 7ELL THE POLICE AREN|T SURE 4HEY SAY IT ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
6/#!"5,!29 3TUDY THESE WORDS
4(% 7%!4(%2 E WER %L TIEMPO !TMOSFRICO
BLIZZARD BLZARD
BREEZE BRZ
CLOUD KLUD
CLOUDY KLUDI
COLD WAVE KULD WIV
CYCLONE SIKLOUN
DEW DIU
DOWNPOUR DUNPOAR
DRIZZLE DRZL
DROUGHT DRUT
mOOD mAD
mASHmOOD mSHFLAD
|
FOG FOG
FOGGY FGI
FROST FROST
GALE GIL
HAIL HEIL
HEAT WAVE HIT WIV
HURRICANE HRIKEIN
ICE IS
LANDSLIDE L| NDSLAID
LIGHTNING mASH LITNI mSH
MIST MIST
MISTY MSTI
VENTISCA
BRISA
NUBE
NUBLADO
ONDA DE FRO
CICLN
ROCO
AGUACERO
LLOVIZNA
SEQUA
INUNDACIN
TORRENTE ALUVIN DE AGUA
NEBLINA BRUMA
BRUMOSO
ESCARCHA
VENTARRN
GRANIZO
ONDA DE CALOR
HURACN
HIELO
ALUVIN DE BARRO
RELMPAGO
BRUMA MATINAL
BRUMOSO
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
RAINFALL RINFOL
SCATTERED SHOWER SKTERD SHUER
|
SHOWER SHUER
SLEET SLT
SNOWFALL SNUFOL
SNOWmAKE SNUmEIK
SUNNY SNI
SUNNY INTERVALS SNI NTERVOLZ
SUNNY PATCHES SNI P| TCHIZ
SUNNY SPELLS SNI SPELZ
THUNDER NDER
THUNDERBOLT NDERBOULT
THUNDERSTORM NDERSTORM
THUNDERY NDERI
TORNADO TORNIDOU
TWISTER TUSTER
TYPHOON TAIFN
WHIRLWIND WRLWIND
WIND WIND
WINDY WNDI
LLUVIA CADA
CHUBASCO OCASIONAL
CHUBASCO
AGUANIEVE
NEVAZN
COPO DE NIEVE
SOLEADO
INTERVALOS DE SOL
CLAROS DE SOL
RATOS DE SOL
TRUENO
RAYO
TORMENTA ELCTRICA
TORMENTOSO TORM ELCTICA
TORNADO
TROMBA REMOLINO
TIFN
REMOLINO
VIENTO
CON VIENTO
+EY TO ANSWERS
5.)4
0!24 )
%X HAD BEEN WATCHING HAD BEEN WALKING HAD BEEN STUDYING HAD BEEN RAINING HAD
BEEN DOING HAD
BEEN DRINKING HAD BEEN mYING
%X 3HE HADN{T BEEN READING (AD SHE BEEN READING )T HADN{T BEEN RAING (AD IT BEEN RAINING
"OB HADN|T BEEN SLEEPING (AD "OB BEEN SLEEPING ) HADN|T BEEN WORKING (AD ) BEEN WORKING 4HE
STUDENTS HAD NOT BEEN PRACTICING (AD THE STUDENTS BEEN PRACTICING 4HE PATIENT HADN|T BEEN FEELING (AD
THE PATIENT BEEN FEELING
%X WHAT HAD THEY BEEN DOING THAT EVENING 7HAT HAD THE BOY BEEN WATCHING 7HY HAD -R 3MITH BEEN
SAVING MONEY (OW LONG HAD THE *OHNSONS BEEN LIVING IN THE SAME HOUSE (OW LONG HAD HE BEEN TEACHING
0HYSICS IN THAT SCHOOL WHEN HE RETIRED
%X 7HAT HAD YOU BEEN DOING THAT MORNING -RS "ROWN HAD BEEN WORKING HARD THAT DAY AND FELT VERY TIRED
(OW LONG HAD YOU BEEN LIVING IN THAT APARTMENT BEFORE BUYING THIS HOUSE 4HEY|D BEEN TALKING FOR ABOUT AN HOUR
BEFORE ) ARRIVED )T|D BEEN RAINING ALL MORNING 4HE SKY WAS CLEAR AND THE SUN WAS SHINING 3HE|D BEEN WORKING ON
THAT REPORT SINCE LAST WEEK THE PREVIOUS WEEK 4HE YOUNG ENGINEER HAD BEEN DOING RESEARCH WORK FOR A LONG TIME
0!24 ))
!
%X 9OU SHOULD HAVE GONE (E OUGHT TO HAVE COME 9OU SHOULD HAVE TOLD (E OUGHT TO HAVE STARTED
9OU SHOULD NOT HAVE TOLD L HER 9OU OUGHT TO HAVE TELEPHONED 9OU SHOULD HAVE ATTENDED 9OU OUGHT TO
HAVE GIVEN 9OU SHOULD NOT HAVE GIVEN ) OUGHT NOT TO HAVE GONE
%X 0OSSIBLE ANSWERS HAVE SENT IT BY AIR MAIL HAVE GIVEN IT TO *ANE HAVE LEFT THEM IN 2OOM TO HAVE
TELEPHONED HIM AT HIS HOME HAVE SENT HER AN E
MAIL TO HAVE INVESTED IT IN STOCKS SHARES HAVE STUDIED MEDICINE
HAVE GONE TO 4AHITI HAVE SENT IT BY 503 &ED%X
"
%X 3HE|D RATHER COME BACK LATER )|D RATHER DRINK TEA WITH MY MEALS 4HEY|D RATHER NOT WAIT OUTSIDE )|D
RATHER STAY AT HOME AND WATCH 46 7E|D RATHER NOT SAY ANYTHING TO HIM ABOUT IT )|D RATHER GO TO 3OUTH !MERICA ON
MY VACATION *OHN WOULD RATHER GO TO THE PARTY WITH (ELEN )|D RATHER NOT GO TO THE PARTY ALONE 4HEY|D RATHER
SPEAK TO HIM AT HIS HOME
%X (E|D BETTER GO TO A DOCTOR AT ONCE 9OU|D BETTER REST A WHILE (E|D BETTER TAKE PRIVATE LESSONS 3HE|D
BETTER SPEND MORE TIME ON HER HOMEWORK 7E|D BETTER SEND HIM AN E
MAIL RIGHT AWAY 7E|D BETTER NOT MENTION IT
TO HIM 9OU|D BETTER NOT WORK SO HARD AFTER YOUR ILLNESS 7E|D BETTER NOT STAND SO CLOSE TO THE CURB (ELEN HAD
BETTER BEGIN MORE TIME ON HER %NGLISH
%X TO BETTER THAN THAN TO BETTER THAN THAN BETTER THAN TO THAN BETTER THAN THAN
TO TO THAN BETTER THAN
#
%X 7E COULD HAVE lSH 9OU COULD GIVE HER A BOOK 9OU COULD PHONE HER NOW 7E COULD GO AND SEE HIM
ON &RIDAY 7E COULD HANG IT IN THE KITCHEN
%X CAN COULD COULD CAN COULD COULD CAN COULD CAN COULD COULD
%X COULD HAVE GONE COULD APPLY COULD HAVE GONE COULD COME
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%X +EN COULDN|T HAVE GONE OUT BECAUSE HE HAD TO WORK +EN COULD HAVE PLAYED TENNIS ON -ONDAY EVENING
BECAUSE HE WAS FREE (E COULDN|T HAVE LENT HIM a BECAUSE HE WAS SHORT OF MONEY (E COULDN|T HAVE COME TO
HER PARTY BECAUSE HE DIDN|T DO ANYTHING ON &RIDAY EVENING (E COULDN|T HAVE REPAIRED IT BECAUSE HE DOESN|T KNOW
ANYTHING ABOUT MACHINES
#
%X MUST MUST CAN|T MUST CAN|T MUST MUST CAN|T
%X 0OSSIBLE ANSWERS HAVE LEFT KNOW BE HAVE BEEN BE GO BE GOING HAVE TAKEN STOLEN HAVE
BEEN BE FOLLOWING
%X 3HE CAN|T HAVE SEEN ME )T MUST HAVE BEEN VERY EXPENSIVE 4HEY MUST HAVE GONE AWAY ) MUST HAVE LEFT
IT IN THE RESTAURANT LAST NIGHT 4HE EXAM CAN|T HAVE BEEN VERY DIFlCULT 3HE MUST HAVE LISTENED TO OUR CONVERSATION
3HE CAN|T HAVE UNDERSTOOD WHAT ) SAID ) MUST HAVE FORGOTTEN TO TURN IT OFF 4HE DRIVER CAN|T HAVE SEEN THE RED
LIGHT 4HE NEIGHBORS MUST HAVE BEEN HAVING A PARTY
#
%X 3HE MAY MIGHT BE BUSY 3HE MAY MIGHT BE WORKING 3HE MAY MIGHT WANT TO BE ALONE 3HE MAY
MIGHT HAVE BEEN ILL YESTERDAY 3HE MAY MIGHT HAVE GONE HOME EARLY 3HE MAY MIGHT HAVE HAD TO GO HOME
EARLY 3HE MAY MIGHT HAVE BEEN WORKING YESTERDAY 3HE MAY MIGHT NOT WANT TO SEE ME 3HE MAY MIGHT
NOT BE WORKING TODAY 3HE MAY MIGHT NOT HAVE BEEN FEELING WELL YESTERDAY
%X 0OSSIBLE ANSWERS B E HAVE BEEN BE WAITING HAVE BOUGHT
%X A 3HE MAY MIGHT BE WATCHING 46 IN HER ROOM B 3HE MAY MIGHT HAVE GONE OUT A )T MAY MIGHT BE IN
THE CAR B 9OU MAY MIGHT HAVE LEFT IT IN THE RESTAURANT A (E MAY MIGHT HAVE BEEN IN THE BATHROOM B (E MAY
MIGHT NOT HAVE HEARD THE BELL
%X MIGHT NOT HAVE BEEN INVITED MIGHT HAVE COME IF HE|D BEEN INVITED MIGHT HAVE BEEN AN ACCIDENT
MIGHT HAVE BEEN AN ACCIDENT
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
5.)4
0!24 ) %, 4)%-0/ &5452/ 0%2&%#4/ 4(% &5452% 0%2&%#4 4%.3%
%STE TIEMPO VERBAL DESCRIBE UNA ACCIN QUE SER COMPLETADA ANTES DE UNA FECHA ESPEClCA DADA EN EL FUTURO %STE
TIEMPO SE EXPRESA USANDO 7),, (!6% MS EL 0!3!$/ 0!24)#)0)/ DE UN VERBO PRINCIPAL ,AS EXPRESIONES DE
TIEMPO USADAS EN EL &UTURO 0ERFECTO SON AQUELLAS INTRODUCIDAS CON BY UNA FECHA FUTURA COMO BY $ECEMBER TH
BY THE END OF THIS MONTH BY THIS TIME NEXT WEEK ETC 4AMBIEN SON COMUNES LAS EXPRESIONES QUE CONTIENEN 7(%.
)& 3 02%3%.4% 3)-0,% 5.! &%#(! &5452! COMO 7HEN 0ETER GETS HOME TONIGHT CUANDO 0ETER LLEGUE
A CASA ESTA NOCHE 7HEN WE GET TO THAT TOWN TOMORROW CUANDO LLEGUEMOS A ESA CIUDAD MAANA IF THEY ARRIVE AFTER
TOMORROW SI ELLOS LLEGAN DESPUS DE LAS MAANA ETC
%SCUCHE LEA Y APRENDA
"Y $ECEMBER TH WE WILL HAVE LIVED IN THIS COUNTRY lVE YEARS BAI DISMBER E lFTN WI WIL HAV LVD IN IS KNTRI FIV YARZ
(ACIA EL DE DICIEMBRE NOSOTROS HABREMOS VIVIDO CINCO AOS EN ESTE PAS
"Y THE END OF THIS MONTH THE SPACESHIP WILL HAVE REACHED *UPITER BAI I ND OV IS MN E SPISHIP WIL HAV RTCHT DLLPITER
(ACIA lNES DE ESTE MES LA NAVE ESPACIAL HABR LLEGADO A *PITER
7HEN 0ETER GETS HOME TONIGHT ) WILL HAVE HAD DINNER ALREADY WEN P TER GTS HUM TUNIT AIL HAV H|D DNER ALRDI #UANDO
0ETER LLEGUE A CASA ESTA NOCHE YO YA HABR CENADO
7HEN WE GET TO THAT TOWN TOMORROW WE|LL HAVE TRAVELLED MORE THAN TWELVE HOURS WEN WI GT TU |T TUN TUMROU WIL HAV
TR|VELD MAR AN TUELV UERZ #UANDO LLEGUEMOS A ESE PUEBLO MAANA NOSOTROS HABREMOS VIAJADO MS DE DOCE HORAS
)F OUR TEAM WINS THE NEXT GAME WE WILL HAVE GOTTEN OUR THIRD TROPHY IF AUAR TM WINZ E NKST GIM WI WIL HAV GTEN UAR
ERD TRl 3I NUESTRO EQUIPO GANA EL PRXIMO PARTIDO NOSOTROS HABREMOS GANADO NUESTRO TERCER TROFEO
,A FORMA NEGATIVA SE EXPRESA USANDO 7),, ./4 (!6% PAST PARTICIPLE Y EN LA INTERROGACIN SE ANTEPONE EL VERBO
MODAL 7),, AL SUJETO
%SCUCHE LEA Y APRENDA
4HEY WILL HAVE lNISHED THE WORK BY
4HEY WILL NOTWON|T HAVE lNISHED THE WORK BY
7ILL THEY HAVE lNISHED THE WORK BY
7HAT TIME WILL THEY HAVE lNISHED THE WORK
,A PREGUNTA HABITUAL EN ESTE TIEMPO ES
7(!4 7),, 9/5 (!6% $/.% WT WIL IU H V DN z1U HABR HECHO 5D
.OTE COMO LA PALABRA 7(%. CAMBIA EL SIGNIlCADO DE LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES
9OU COME HERE EVERY DAY 4 VIENES AC TODOS LOS DAS
7HEN YOU COME HERE TOMORROW #UANDO T VENGAS AC MAANA
) HAVE THE INFORMATION NOW 9O TENGO LA INFORMACIN AHORA
7HEN ) HAVE THE INFORMATION THIS AFTERNOON #UANDO YO TENGA LA INFORMACIN ESTA TARDE
3HE IS FREE NOW %LLA EST LIBRE AHORA
7HEN SHE IS FREE NEXT TIME #UANDO ELLA EST LIBRE LA PRXIMA VEZ
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%8%2#)3%3
%X #OMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING THE VERBS PROVIDED IN THE &UTURE 0ERFECT 4ENSE
7HEN YOU ARRIVE AT MIDDAY TOMORROW THE *OHNSONS ???????????????????????? ALREADY LEAVE
"Y THE END OF -ARCH THE WEATHER ???????????????????????? CONSIDERABLY CHANGE
)F YOU COME AT NOON TOMORROW WE ???????????????????????? THE WORK lNISH
)F HE GETS HERE AT O|CLOCK THEY ???????????????????????? HOME GO
)F HE DOESN|T HURRY THEY ???????????????????????? DINNER WHEN HE GETS THERE HAVE
"Y $ECEMBER THE STUDENTS ???????????????????????? THEIR lRST COURSE COMPLETE
)???????????????????????? IN THIS COUNTRY TWO YEARS NEXT /CTOBER BE
"Y TOMORROW ) ???????????????????????? ALL THESE GRAMMAR RULES FORGET
7HEN HE BECOMES A MAN HE ???????????????????????? MANY THINGS LEARN
"Y THIS TIME NEXT MONTH YOU ???????????????????????? FROM YOUR ILLNESS RECOVER
"EFORE THEY LEAVE .EW 9ORK NEXT 3UNDAY THEY???????????????????????? THE MOST IMPORTANT PLACES OF INTEREST
VISIT
"Y TWO O|CLOCK THEY ???????????????????????? AND ???????????????????????? COME
GO
%X 7HAT THINGS WILL YOU HAVE DONE
A BY THE END OF THIS MONTH
B BY THE END OF THIS YEAR AND
C WHEN YOU RETIRE
7RITE AT LEAST THREE SENTENCES FOR EACH QUESTION
A "Y THE END OF THIS MONTH
) WILL HAVE lNISHED READING THIS BOOK
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
B "Y THE END OF THIS YEAR
) WILL HAVE COMPLETED THIS COURSE IN %NGLISH
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
C "Y THE TIME ) RETIRE
) WILL HAVE WORKED AS A TEACHER FOR THIRTY
lVE YEARS
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X 4RANSLATE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO %NGLISH
%LLOS HABRN TERMINADO ESE EDIlCIO ANTES DEL lN DE AO
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
%L YA HABR REALIZADO TODOS SUS PLANES ANTES TERMINE EL VERANO
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
!NTES DE LAS SEIS DE LA TARDE NOSOTROS YA HABREMOS PROCESADO TODA LA INFORMACIN
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
3I NO TOMAMOS UN TAXI EL CONCIERTO YA HABR COMENZADO CUANDO LLEGUEMOS AL TEATRO
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
,A MAYORA DE LOS PJAROS HABR EMIGRADO AL NORTE ANTES QUE LLEGUE EL INVIERNO
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
(ACIA lNES DE ESTE CURSO YO YA HABR APRENDIDO A CONVERSAR EN INGLS
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
3I SIGUE LOS CONSEJOS DE SU MDICO MUY PRONTO 5D SE HABR RECUPERADO DE SU OPERACIN
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
!NTES DE LA MEDIANOCHE LOS RESULTADOS DE ELECCIN HABRN SIDO ENVIADOS A LA PRENSA
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
0!24 ))
! 3%15%.#% /& 6%2" 4%.3%3 #/.#/2$!.#)! $% 4)%-0/3 6%2"!,%3
/BSERVE LA SIGUIENTE TABLA
02).#)0!, 6%2"
35"/2$).!4% 6%2"
02%3%.4
0!34
0RESENT
&UTURE
0AST
#ONDITIONAL
3EGN LA REGLA DE LA CONCORDANCIA DE LOS TIEMPOS VERBALES
A #UANDO EL VERBO PRINCIPAL DE UNA ORACIN EST EXPRESADO EN EL 4)%-0/ 02%3%.4% LOS DEMS VERBOS
SUBORDINADOS DEBEN ESTAR EXPRESADOS EN EL 4)%-0/ 02%3%.4% O EN EL 4)%-0/ &5452/
B #UANDO EL VERBO PRINCIPAL EST EXPRESADO EN EL 4)%-0/ 0!3!$/ LOS DEMS VERBOS SUBORDINADOS DEBEN ESTAR
EXPRESADOS EN EL 4)%-0/ 0!3!$/ O EN EL 0/4%.#)!,
$E ACUERDO CON ESTA REGLA LOS VERBOS MODALES AM IS ARE DO DOES WILL HAVE HAS CAN MUST MAY DEBEN SER
CAMBIADOS A LAS RESPECTIVAS FORMAS DEL PASADO WAS WERE DID WOULD HAD COULD HAD TO MIGHT
%SCUCHE LEA Y APRENDA
-ARY SAYS THAT SHE KNOWS "OB WELL -ARY DICE QUE CONOCE BIEN A "OB
-ARY SAID THAT SHE KNEW "OB WELL -ARY DIJO QUE CONOCA BIEN A "OB
(E SAYS THAT HIS lRST NAME IS 2OBERT %L DICE QUE SU NOMBRE DE PILA ES 2OBERT
(E SAID THAT HIS lRST NAME WAS 2OBERT %L DIJO QUE SU NOMBRE DE PILA ERA 2OBERT
4OM THINKS THAT HE CAN COME TO THE PARTY TONIGHT 4OM CREE QUE PUEDE VENIR A LA lESTA ESTA NOCHE
4OM THOUGHT THAT HE COULD COME TO THE PARTY TONIGHT 4OM CREA QUE PODRA VENIR A LA lESTA ESTA NOCHE
4HE MAN SAYS THAT HE WILL COME HERE TOMORROW %L HOMBRE DICE QUE VENDR AC MAANA
4HE MAN SAID THAT HE WOULD COME HERE TOMORROW %L HOMBRE DIJO QUE VENDRA AC MAANA
4HEY SAY THEY MUST BE AT THE AIRPORT AT %LLOS DICEN QUE DEBEN ESTAR EN EL AEROPUERTO A LAS
4HEY SAID THEY HAD TO BE AT THE AIRPORT AT %LLOS DIJERON QUE DEBAN EN ESTAR EN EL AEROPUERTO A LAS
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%8%2#)3%3
%X #HANGE TO PAST TENSE FOLLOWING THE RULE OF SEQUENCE OF TENSES
(E SAYS HE WILL BE HERE AT NOON
) THINK ) CAN MEET YOU
(E HOPES HE CAN BE THERE EARLY
) THINK IT MAY RAIN THIS EVENING
(E WANTS TO KNOW WHERE SHE IS
(E SAYS HE IS VERY SORRY
4HE YOUNG MAN TELLS US HE IS MARRIED
) THINK IT WILL BE VERY HOT THIS AFTERNOON
) THINK HE WILL BE THERE BY TEN O|CLOCK
(E BELIEVES HE CAN DO IT
4HE WEATHER MAN PREDICTS IT WILL RAIN
(E SAYS HE HAS TO WORKHARD EVERY DAY
) KNOW WHERE SHE LIVES
"OB WANTS TO KNOW HOW MANY PEOPLE THERE ARE
4HE BOY SAYS HE HAS SEEN THE MOVIE
4HE GIRL SAYS SHE IS STUDYING FOR A TEST
) THINK -R *ONES MAY BE IN HIS OFlCE
) THINK THERE|LL BE A LOT OF WORK TO DO
) DON|T KNOW WHERE -ARY IS
) DON|T THINK "OB WILL LIKE THE NEW JOB
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
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???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X #HOOSE THE CORRECT FORM
(E SAID HE WILL WOULD BE HERE
(E THINKS HE CAN COULD DO IT EASILY
(E ASKED ME WHERE LIVE LIVED
) DIDNT KNOW WHAT THE WORD MEANS MEANT
4HE NEWSPAPER SAYS IT WILL WOULD RAIN
3HE SAID SHE WAS GOING IS GOING AWAY
) TOLD HIM THAT ) CANNOT COULD NOT GO
(E SAID HE HAS BEEN HAD BEEN A SOLDIER
3HE SAID SHE DOES NOT DID NOT FEEL WELL
) DONT KNOW WHAT HIS NAME IS WAS
) DIDNT KNOW WHAT HE IS WAS TRYING TO DO
3HE SAID SHE MAY MIGHT BE LATE
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
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???????????????????????????????????????????????????
" 4(% 02%3%.4 4%.3% !&4%2 )& %, 4)%-0/ 02%3%.4% $%305%3 $% )&
3E DEBE USAR EL 4)%-0/ 02%3%.4% Y NO EL TIEMPO FUTURO DESPUS DE LA PALABRA )& AN CUANDO NOS ESTEMOS
RElRIENDO A SITUACIONES FUTURAS
%SCUCHE LEA Y APRENDA
)F *OHN COMES NO hWILL COMEv TOMORROW HE WILL SEE -ARY
)F IT RAINS NO hWILL RAINv NEXT 3UNDAY THEY WILL NOT GO TO THE BEACH
$EL MISMO MODO DEBEMOS USAR EL 02%3%.4% Y NO EL FUTURO DESPUS DE LAS PALABRAS 7(%. CUANDO 5.4), HASTA
QUE !3 3//. !3 EN CUANTO "%&/2% ANTES QUE !&4%2 DESPUS QUE 5.,%33 A MENOS QUE !3 ,/.' !3
DURANTE TODO EL TIEMPO QUE U OTRA PALABRA SIMILAR PARA INTRODUCIR UNA CLUSULA SUBORDINADA EN EL TIEMPO FUTURO
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%SCUCHE LEA Y APRENDA
7HEN *OHN COMES HERE THIS EVENING HE WILL SEE -ARY #UANDO *OHN VENGA AC ESTA TARDE L VERA A -ARY
!S SOON AS ) SEE -R 3MITH TOMORROW ) WILL GIVE HIM YOUR MESSAGE %N CUANTO YO VEA A -R 3MITH MAANA LE DARE
SU MENSAJE
7AIT HERE IN THE LOBBY UNTIL THE BUS ARRIVES WITHIN TEN OR lFTEEN MINUTES %SPERE AQU HASTA QUE EL BUS LLEGUE
DENTRO DE O MINUTOS
%8%2#)3%3
%X 3UPPLY THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN PARENTHESES
)F HE???????????????????????????? ARRIVE ON TIME TOMORROW MORNING HE CAN GO WITH US ON THE CITY TOUR
LF IT ????????????????????? NOT ?????????????????????? RAIN TOMORROW WE MAY GO TO THE BEACH
LF HE ???????????????????????????? BE LATE THIS EVENING THEY WILL NOT WAIT FOR HIM
7HEN HE ???????????????????????????? COME THIS AFTERNOON PLEASE LET ME KNOW
#ALL ME AS SOON AS HE ???????????????????????????? GET HERE TOMORROW MORNING
$O NOT LEAVE BEFORE ) ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? TELL YOU TO GO
{ )F HE ???????????????????????????? LIKE THE JOB NEXT WEEK HE WILL KEEP IT
)F THE WEATHER ???????????????????????????? BE GOOD TOMORROW WE WILL GO TO THE BEACH
!S SOON AS HE ???????????????????????????? TELEPHONE TODAY PLEASE GIVE HIM THE MESSAGE
$O NOT CALL ME TOMORROW MORNING UNLESS HE ???????????????????????????? COME TO THE OFlCE
) WILL NOT GO TO THE MEETING NEXT -ONDAY UNLESS YOU ???????????????????????????? GO TOO
)F HE?????????????????????NOT ????????????????????? COME HERE SOON WE WILL HAVE TO LEAVE WITHOUT HIM
%X )NSERT THE MISSING CONJUNCTION 5.4), 7(%. !3 3//. !3 !3 ,/.' !3 7(),% "%&/2% ETC
7E WILL NOT LEAVE THE HOTEL ???????????????????????????? YOU ARE READY TO GO TOO
)|LL WRITE TO YOU ???????????????????????????? ) GET TO .EW 9ORK NEXT &RIDAY EVENING
$ON|T START MOVING 9OU MUST WAIT ???????????????????????????? THE LIGHT CHANGES TO GREEN
4HEY WILL STAY IN THE 3OUTH 7EST ???????????????????????????? THE WAR LASTS
7E WIL) WAIT HERE ???????????????????????????? YOU TELEPHONE THIS AFTERNOON
9OU CAN STAY HERE ???????????????????????????? WE GO TO THE MOVIE THIS EVENING
9OU WILL KNOW HIM ???????????????????????????? YOU SEE HIM AT THE MEETING TOMORROW
7ELL COME TO SEE YOU NEXT WEEK ???????????????????????????? YOU LEAVE ON YOUR VACATION
0LEASE WAIT HERE ???????????????????????????? THE DOCTOR ARRIVESWITHIN A FEW MINUTES
)|LL BELIEVE T ???????????????????????????? ) SEE IT
0!24 ))) 53% /& h%,3%v 9 h/2 %,3%v
! %,3%
%STA PALABRA SE USA JUNTO A LAS PALABRAS DERIVADAS DE 3/-% !.9 Y ./ SOMEBODY SOMEONE SOMETHING
SOMEWHERE ANYBODY ANYONE ANYTHING ANYWHERE NOBODY NO ONE NOTHING NOWHERE COMO UN SINNIMO DE
SOME OTHER PERSON ANY OTHER PERSON NO OTHER PERSON SOME OTHER THING ANY OTHER THING ETC
%SCUCHE LEA Y APRENDA
3OMEBODY ELSE SOME OTHER PERSON WILL TAKE CARE OF YOU !LGUIEN MS SE PREOCUPARA DE USTEDES
)S THERE ANYTHING ELSE ANY OTHER THING THAT YOU NEED z(AY ALGO MS QUE NECESITE USTED
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
" /2 %,3%
%STA FRASE SE USA COMO UN SINNIMO DE IF NOT O SI NO 4AMBIN SE PUEDE USAR EN ESTE CASO LA PALABRA OTHERWISE
DE LO CONTRARIO
%SCUCHE LEA Y APRENDA
7E MUST HURRY OR ELSE IF WE DON|T WE WILL BE LATE FOR THE TRAIN
(E|D BETTER WAIT HERE OR ELSE IF HE DOESN|T HE WILL MISS HER
9OU|D BETTER TELL HIM ABOUT IT OR ELSE IF YOU DON|T HE|LL BE ANGRY WITH YOU
%8%2#)3%3
%X 3UBSTITUTE THE CORRECT EXPRESSION WITH %,3% FOR THE WORDS IN ITALICS
$ID THEY GO ANY OTHER PLACE
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
.O OTHER PERSON HELPED HIM WITH THE WORK
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
9OU MUST ASK SOME OTHER PERSON ABOUT IT
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
(AVENT ) MET YOU SOME OTHER PLACE
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HEY|VE NEVER SOLD THAT PRODUCT IN ANY OTHER PLACE ???????????????????????????????????????????????????
$ID YOU SEE ANY OTHER THING THAT YOU LIKED
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
,ETS DO SOME OTHER THING TONIGHT
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
) DIDNT TELL ANY OTHER PERSON ABOUT IT
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
#AN ) SHOW YOU ANY OTHER THING -RS 3MITH
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HERE WAS NO OTHER PERSON IN THE ROOM AT THAT TIME ???????????????????????????????????????????????????
$O YOU HAVE ANY OTHER THING TO TELL US ABOUT HIM ???????????????????????????????????????????????????
7ILL THEY GO ANY OTHER PLACE AFTER THE CONCERT
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X *OIN THE FOLLOWING PAIRS OF SENTENCES SUBSTITUTING /2 %,3% FOR THE WORDS IN ITALICS
7E MUST HURRY )F WE DONT WE|LL BE LATE
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
9OU MUST DO AS YOUR MOTHER SAYS )F YOU DONT SHE|LL PUNISH YOU
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7E HAD BETTER HURRY )F WE DON|T WE|LL MISS THE TRAIN
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4URN OFF THE RADIO )F YOU DONT YOULL WAKE THE BABY
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
3AVE YOUR MONEY )F YOU DONT YOU WONT BE ABLE TO GO AWAY ON YOUR VACATION
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
9OU MUST STUDY HARD )F YOU DONT YOU WONT PASS THE COURSE
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
9OU MUST PRACTICE YOUR %NGLISH EVERY DAY )F YOU DONT YOU WILL SOON FORGET IT
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
) MUST GO HOME RIGHT AWAY )F ) DONT MY MOTHER WILL BE ANGRY WITH ME
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
(ELEN MUST REST MORE )F SHE DOESNT SHE MAY HAVE A NERVOUS BREAKDOWN
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
0UT THE DOG OUTSIDE )F YOU DONT HE WILL BARK AND WAKE EVERYONE UP
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%X 2EPEAT THE PREVIOUS EXERCISE BUT THIS TIME SUBSTITUTE THE WORD /4(%27)3% FOR THE WORDS IN ITALICS
7E MUST HURRY OTHERWISE WE|LL BE LATE
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
6/#!"5,!29 3TUDY THESE WORDS
4(% 7/2+3(/0 WRKSHOP %L 4ALLER
AXE KS
BOLT BULT
BUCKET BKIT
DRILL DRIL
lLE FIL
HAMMER H| MER
JACK DLLK
LATHE LEI
LEVER LVER
MEASURING TAPE MLLORI TIP
NAIL NEIL
NEEDLE NDL
NUT NAT
PLANE PLIN
PLIERS PLIARZ
HACHA
PERNO
BALDE
TALADRO
LIMA
MARTILLO
GATA
TORNO
PALANCA
HUINCHA DE MEDIR
CLAVO
AGUJA
TUERCA
FORMN
ALICATES
SAW SO
SCISSORS SZORZ
SCREW SKRU
SCREWDRIVER SKRUDRIVER
SOLDERING
IRON SLDERI IRON
SPADE SPID
SPANNER SP| NER
SQUARE SKWAR
TONGS TONGZ
VISE VIS
WASHER WSHER
WELDING TORCH WLDI TRTCH
WIRE WIAR
WORKBENCH WERKBNTCH
WRENCH RNTCH
SERRUCHO
TIJERAS
TORNILLO
DESATORNILLADOR
SOLDADORA
PALA
LLAVE DE TUERCAS
ESCUADRA
TENAZAS
BANCO DE TORNO
GOLILLA
SOPLETE PARA SOLDAR
ALAMBRE
BANCO DE TRABAJO
LLAVE INGLESA
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
"L
+EY TO ANSWERS
5.)4
0!24 )
%X WILL HAVE LEFT WILL HAVE CHANGED WILL HAVE lNISHED WILL HAVE GONE WILL HAVE HAD WILL HAVE COMPLETED
WILL HAVE BEEN WILL HAVE FORGOTTEN WILL HAVE LEARNT OR LEARNED WILL HAVE RECOVERED WILL HAVE VISITED
WILL HAVE COME
WILL HAVE GONE
%X /PEN ANSWERS
%X 4HEY|LL HAVE lNISHED THAT BUILDING BEFORE THE END OF THIS YEAR (E|LL HAVE FULlLLED CARRIED OUT ALL HIS PLANS
BEFORE THE SUMMER ENDS IS OVER "EFORE THIS EVENING WE|LL HAVE PROCESSED ALL THE INFORMATION )F WE DON|T TAKE
A TAXI CAB THE CONCERT WILL HAVE ALREADY STARTED BY THE TIME WE GET TO THE THEATRE -OST BIRDS WILL HAVE EMIGRATED
TO THE NORTH BEFORE WINTER COMES "Y 4OWARDS THE END OF THIS COURSE )|LL HAVE LEARNT TO TALK IN %NGLISH ) YOU FOLLOW
YOUR DOCTOR|S ADVICE VERY SOON YOU|LL HAVE RECOVERED COMPLETELY FROM YOUR SURGERY "EFORE MIDNIGHT THE RESULTS OF
THE ELECTION WILL HAVE BEEN SENT RELEASED TO THE PRESS
0!24 ))
!
%X (E SAID HE WOULD BE HERE AT NOON ) THOUGHT ) COULD MEET YOU (E HOPED HE COULD BE THERE ) THOUGHT
IT MIGHT RAIN THIS EVENING (E WANTED TO KNOW WHERE SHE WAS (E SAID HE WAS VERY SORRY 4HE YOUNG MAN TOLD
US HE WAS MARRIED ) THOUGHT IT WOULD BE VERY HOT THIS AFTERNOON ) THOUGHT HE WOULD BE THERE BY TEN O|CLOCK
(E BELIEVED HE COULD DO IT 4HE WEATHER MAN PREDICTED IT WOULD RAIN (E SAID HE HAD TO WORKHARD EVERY DAY
) KNEW WHERE SHE LIVED "OB WANTED TO KNOW HOW MANY PEOPLE THERE WERE 4HE BOY SAID HE HAD SEEN THE
MOVIE 4HE GIRL SAID SHE WAS STUDYING FOR A TEST ) THOUGHT -R *ONES MIGHT BE IN HIS OFlCE ) THOUGHT THERE
WOULD BE A LOT OF WORK TO DO ) DIDN|T KNOW WHERE -ARY WAS ) DIDN|T THINK "OB WOULD LIKE THE NEW JOB
%X WOULD CAN LIVED MEANT WILL WAS GOING COULD NOT HAD BEEN DID NOT IS WAS
MIGHT
"
%X ARRIVES DOES
RAIN IS COMES GETS TELL LIKES IS TELEPHONES COMES GO DOES
COME
%X UNLESS AS SOON AS UNTIL AS LONG AS UNTIL WHILE WHEN AS SOON AS BEFORE UNTIL WHEN
AS SOON AS
0!24 )))
%X $ID THEY GO ANWHERE ELSE .OBODY ELSE HELPED HIM WITH THE WORK 9OU MUST ASK SOMEBODY ELSE ABOUT
IT (AVENT ) MET YOU SOMEWHERE ELSE 4HEY|VE NEVER SOLD THAT PRODUCT ANYWHERE ELSE $ID YOU SEE ANYTHING ELSE
THAT YOU LIKED ,ETS DO SOMETHING ELSE TONIGHT DIDNT TELL ANYBODY ELSE ABOUT IT #AN ) SHOW YOU ANYTHING
ELSE -RS 3MITH 4HERE WAS NOBODY ELSE IN THE ROOM AT THAT TIME $O YOU HAVE ANYTHING ELSE TO TELL US ABOUT
HIM 7ILL THEY GO ANYWHERE ELSE AFTER THE CONCERT
%X 7E MUST HURRY OR ELSE WE|LL BE LATE 9OU MUST DO AS YOUR MOTHER SAYS OR ELSE SHE|LL PUNISH YOU 7E HAD
BETTER HURRY OR ELSE WE|LL MISS THE TRAIN 4URN OFF THE RADIO OR ELSE YOULL WAKE THE BABY 3AVE YOUR MONEY OR ELSE
YOU WONT BE ABLE TO GO AWAY ON YOUR VACATION 9OU MUST STUDY HARD OR ELSE YOU WONT PASS THE COURSE 9OU MUST
PRACTICE YOUR %NGLISH EVERY DAY OR ELSE YOU WILL SOON FORGET IT MUST GO HOME RIGHT AWAY OR ELSE MY MOTHER WILL BE
ANGRY WITH ME (ELEN MUST REST MORE OR ELSE SHE MAY HAVE A NERVOUS BREAKDOWN 0UT THE DOG OUTSIDE OR ELSE
HE WILL BARK AND WAKE EVERYONE UP
%X 7E MUST HURRY OTHERWISE WE|LL BE LATE 9OU MUST DO AS YOUR MOTHER SAYS OTHERWISE SHE|LL PUNISH YOU
7E HAD BETTER HURRY OTHERWISE WE|LL MISS THE TRAIN 4URN OFF THE RADIO OTHERWISE YOULL WAKE THE BABY 3AVE YOUR
MONEY OTHERWISE YOU WONT BE ABLE TO GO AWAY ON YOUR VACATION 9OU MUST STUDY HARD OTHERWISE YOU WONT PASS
THE COURSE 9OU MUST PRACTICE YOUR %NGLISH EVERY DAY OTHERWISE YOU WILL SOON FORGET IT MUST GO HOME RIGHT AWAY
OTHERWISE MY MOTHER WILL BE ANGRY WITH ME (ELEN MUST REST MORE OTHERWISE SHE MAY HAVE A NERVOUS BREAKDOWN
0UT THE DOG OUTSIDE OTHERWISE HE WILL BARK AND WAKE EVERYONE UP
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
"L
5.)4
0!24 4(% 0!33)6% 6/)#%
(AY ORACIONES GRAMATICALES EXPRESADAS EN VOZ ACTIVA Y ORACIONES GRAMATICALES EXPRESADAS EN VOZ PASIVA %N UNA
ORACIN EN VOZ ACTIVA EL VERBO PRINCIPAL ES UN VERBO TRANSITIVO TRANSITIVE VERB ES DECIR STE VA SEGUIDO POR UN
COMPLEMENTO DIRECTO DIRECT OBJECT
0ETER WROTE THE LETTER LAST YEAR -ARY PREPARES THE MEALS IN THE KITCHEN
3
4R6
$/
3
4R6
$/
4HE WORKERS WILL BUILD A NEW BRIDGE OVER THAT RIVER
3
4R6
$/
%N LA VOZ PASIVA EL COMPLEMENTO DIRECTO DE LA ORACIN ACTIVA PASA A SER EL SUJETO PASIVO PASSIVE SUBJECT DE LA ORACIN
%STE SUJETO PASIVO VA SEGUIDO DE UNA FORMA DEL VERBO MODAL "E MS EL PARTICIPIO PASADO DEL VERBO PRINCIPAL
.ORMALMENTE EN UNA ORACIN PASIVA NO SE HACE MENCIN DEL SUJETO AGENTE DOER DEBIDO A QUE STE ES DESCONOCIDO
O NO ES IMPORTANTE
4HE LETTER WAS WRITTEN BY 0ETER LAST YEAR
03
BE PP
DOER
03
4HE MEALS ARE PREPARED BY -ARY IN THE KITCHEN
BE PP
DOER
! NEW BRIDGE WILL BE BUILT BY THE WORKERS OVER THAT RIVER
03
BE PP
DOER
0ARA CADA ORACIN EN VOZ ACTIVA HAY UNA ORACIN PASIVA CORRESPONDIENTE
0RESENT
0AST
&UTURE
0RES PERFECT
0AST PERFECT
&UT PERFECT
!CTIVE 6OICE
(E lXES THE CAR
(E lXED THE CAR
(E WILL lX THE CAR
(E HAS lXED THE CAR
(E HAD lXED THE CAR
(E WILL HAVE lXED THE CAR
0RESENT
0AST
&UTURE
0RES PERFECT
0AST PERFECT
&UT PERFECT
0ASSIVE 6OICE
4HE CAR IS lXED BY HIM
4HE CAR WAS lXED
4HE CAR WILL BE lXED
4HE CAR HAS BEEN lXED
4HE CAR HAD BEEN lXED
4HE CAR WILL HAVE BEEN lXED
%8%2#)3%3
%X #HANGE TO PASSIVE VOICE
(E TOOK THE MONEY LAST -ONDAY EVENING
(E WILL DELIVER THE MERCHANDISE TODAY
3HE ATE THE CAKE THIS MORNING
-R 3MITH WROTE THE BOOK LAST SUMMER
3HE HAS JUST TAKEN THE NEWSPAPER
-R 3MITH TEACHES THAT CLASS ON &RIDAY
4HEY WILL LEAVE THE TICKETS FOR YOU
3OMEBODY HAS TAKEN MY BOOK
4HE WIND BLEW THE SMOKE AWAY SOON
3HE BROKE THE PLATE ON PURPOSE
4HEY WILL BRING THE BOY TOMORROW
4HEY HAD lNISHED THE WORK BY NOON
-RS*ACKSON SAW THE ACCIDENT
4HEY HAVE FOUND THE CHILD AT LAST
(E WILL DO THE WORK THIS AFTERNOON
0EOPLE WILL FORGET IT IN FEW DAYS
0EOPLE SPEAK %NGLISH ALL OVER THE WORLD
4HEY FOUGHT A BIG BATTLE HERE MANY YEARS AGO
4HE MONEY WAS TAKEN BY HIM LAST -ONDAY EVENING
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
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???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
4HEY MADE THIS GUN BY HAND
3OMEONE HAS PUT ALL THE CHAIRS IN THE NEXT ROOM
(E BROKE HIS LEG IN AN ACCIDENT
4HEY WILL SEND THE BOOK NEXT WEEK
! CAR RAN OVER OUR DOG A SHORT WHILE AGO
4HEY LEFT THE WOUNDED SOLDIERS BEHIND
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X #HANGE TO ACTIVE VOICE
4HE BOOK WAS FOUND BY -ARY
-ARY FOUND THE BOOK
4HE MONEY WAS STOLEN BY A THIEF
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE MERCHANDISE WILL BE DELIVERED TOMORROW
4HEY ??????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE CITY HAS BEEN DESTROYED BY THE ENEMY
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE BOOK WILL BE PUBLISHED NEXT SPRING
,ONGMANS ?????????????????????????????????????????
4HE LECTURE WAS ATTENDED BY MANY PEOPLE
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
/UR EXERCISES ARE CORRECTED EACH NIGHT BY OUR TEACHER ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E WAS STRUCK BY AN AUTOMOBILE
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE WORK HAD BEEN lNISHED BY *UNE
(E ???????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE TOWN WILL HAVE BEEN CAPTURED BY 7EDNESDAY 4HEY ??????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE HOUSE WAS BUILT IN
-Y GRANDFATHER ?????????????????????????????????????
4HE BOOKS WILL BE BROUGHT BY *OHN
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
!MERICA WAS DISCOVERED IN
#OLUMBUS ?????????????????????????????????????????
/UR CLASS IS TAUGHT BY -R 3MITH
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HIS BOOK WAS WRITTEN BY -R 3COTT
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X #HANGE TO NEGATIVE AND TO QUESTION FORM
4HE WORK WILL BE DONE BY -R 3MITH
4HE BOOK WAS WRITTEN BY -R 4HOMPSON
4HE LESSON IS TAUGHT BY -R 3MITH
4HE BOOK HAS BEEN RETURNED BY *OHN
4HE DISH WAS BROKEN BY THE MAID
4HE CRIES OF THE CHILD WERE HEARD CLEARLY
4HE MONEY HAD BEEN STOLEN BY ONE OF THE BOYS
!MERICA WAS DISCOVERED IN
)T WAS DISCOVERED BY #HRISTOPHER #OLUMBUS
4HE HOUSE WAS STRUCK BY LIGHTNING
4HE BOOK WILL BE PUBLISHED IN *UNE
4HE MONEY HAS BEEN FOUND
4HE CITY WAS DESTROYED BY BOMBS
4HE WORK WILL BE COMPLETED TOMORROW
4HE E
MAIL WAS SENT THIS MORNING
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
4HE WORK WONT BE DONE BY -R 3MITH
7ILL THE WORK BE DONE BY -R 3MITH
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
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???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X #HANGE TO QUESTION FORM BEGINNING EACH QUESTION WITH THE QUESTION WORD IN PARENTHESES
!MERICA WAS DISCOVERED IN 7HEN WAS !MERICA DISCOVERED
4HE HOUSE WAS DESTROYED BY lRE (OW
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE WORK WILL BE COMPLETED NEXT MONTH 7HEN
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE CHILD WAS lNALLY FOUND IN THE PARK 7HERE
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE TREE WAS PLANTED BY MY FATHER 7HOBY "Y WHOM ???????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE BOOK WILL BE PUBLISHED IN *UNE 7HEN
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE MAIL IS DELIVERED AT TEN OCLOCK EVERY DAY 7HAT TIME ??????????????????????????????????????????????
(E WAS INJURED IN AN AUTOMOBILE ACCIDENT )N WHAT KIND OF ACCIDENT ??????????????????????????????????????
4HE HOUSE WAS BUILT IN )N WHAT YEAR
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE MONEY WAS STOLEN BY ONE OF THE SERVANTS 7HOBY "Y WHOM ?????????????????????????????????????
%X !NSWER THESE QUESTIONS
"Y WHOM WAS !MERICA DISCOVERED
)N WHAT YEAR WAS !MERICA DISCOVERED
7HEN WAS THIS BOOK PUBLISHED
7HERE WAS THIS BOOK PUBLISHED
7HO WAS THE MONEY STOLEN BY
7HERE WAS THE CHILD lNALLY FOUND
7HO WILL THE DINNER BE PREPARED BY
"Y WHOM ARE YOUR EXERCISES CORRECTED
7HY WAS THE TRAIN DELAYED
7HERE WAS THE MONEY HIDDEN
7HEN WAS THE NEWS RELEASED
7HEN WILL THE WORK BE COMPLETED
7HERE WERE THEY MARRIED
)N WHAT COUNTRY WAS (ELEN BORN
"Y WHOM WAS THE PLATE BROKEN
7HERE WAS THE MONEY PUT
(OW LONG WAS THE MAN HELD BY THE POLICE
???????????????????????????? BY #HRISTOPHER #OLUMBUS
??????????????????????????????????????????? IN
????????????????????????????????????????????IN
????????????????????????????????????????? IN #HICAGO
??????????????????????????????????ONE OF THE SERVANTS
????????????????????????????????????????? IN THE PARK
?????????????????????????????????????????BY THE CHEF
???????????????????????????????????? BY OUR INSTRUCTOR
????????????????????????????? BECAUSE OF BAD WEATHER
???????????????????????????????????? IN A WOODEN BOX
????????????????????????????????????????ABOUT
????????????????????????????? BY THE END OF THE MONTH
??????????????????????????????????????? IN 6ALPARAISO
???????????????????????????????????????? IN 3COTLAND
???????????????????????????????????????? BY THE MAID
????????????????????????????????????????? IN THE SAFE
??????????????????????????????????? FOR ABOUT HOURS
,A VOZ PASIVA EN LOS TIEMPOS CONTINUOS
,A VOZ PASIVA DE LOS TIEMPOS PRESENTE Y PASADO CONTINUO SE CONSTRUYE USANDO LA FORMA CONTINUA DEL VERBO MODAL
"E AM IS ARE WAS WERE BEING MS EL PASADO PARTICIPIO DEL VERBO PRINCIPAL
!CTIVE 4HE MECHANIC IS lXING THE CAR NOW
0ASSIVE 4HE CAR IS BEING lXED BY THE MECHANIC NOW
!CTIVE 4HE MEN WERE BUILDING THE ROAD WHEN ) WAS THERE
0ASSIVE 4HE ROAD WAS BEING BUILT BY THE MEN WHEN ) WAS THERE
,A VOZ PASIVA CON VERBOS MODALES CAN MUST MAY SHOULD HAVE TO
!L CAMBIAR ORACIONES ACTIVAS QUE CONTIENEN UN VERBO MODAL COMO CAN MUST MAY SHOULD HAVE TO ETC A LA VOZ
PASIVA SE DEBE USAR EL VERBO MODAL SEGUIDO DE "E Y DEL PASADO PARTICIPIO DEL VERBO PRINCIPAL
!CTIVE 4HEY MUST lNISH THIS JOB TODAY
0ASSIVE 4HIS JOB MUST BE lNISHED BY THEM TODAY
!CTIVE 4HEY BOY CAN DO THIS EXERCISE EASILY
0ASSIVE 4HIS EXERCISE CAN BE DONE BY THE BOY EASILY
!CTIVE 4HEY HAVE TO SEND THIS REPORT TODAY
0ASSIVE 4HIS REPORT HAS TO BE SENT BY THEM TODAY
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%X #HANGE TO PASSIVE VOICE
4HEY ARE SENDING THE MATERIAL TODAY
4HEY ARE CONSIDERING THAT QUESTION NOW
3HE IS TYPING THAT LETTER NOW
4HEY WERE DISCUSSING THE QUESTION WHEN ) WENT IN
4HEY ARE SENDING TROOPS THERE TODAY
(E IS lNISHING THE WORK NOW
4HEY WERE CLEANING THE OFlCE THIS MORNING
4HEY ARE EXAMINING HIM NOW
7E ARE USING THIS ROOM
4HEY ARE DEFENDING THE CITY WELL
4HEY ARE HOLDING THE MEETING TODAY
4HEY ARE TRANSFERRING HIM TO ANOTHER CLASS
4HE MATERIAL IS BEING SENT BY THEM TODAY
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4HEY CANNOT PUT THOSE THINGS HERE
4HEY MAY DELIVER THE GOODS TOMORROW
(E HAS TO DO IT IMMEDIATELY
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*OHN IS BRINGING THE MAIL NOW
*OHN MAY BRING THE MAIL TOMORROW
*OHN HAS TO BRING THE MAIL EVERY DAY
4HEY HAVE PUT THE CHAIRS IN THE ROOM
4HEY ARE SENDING THE MERCHANDISE TODAY
(E SENT THE E
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4HEY HAVE TO DELIVER THE BOOKS TODAY
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(E WAS KILLED IN AN ACCIDENT
4HE STORY IS BEING PUBLISHED TODAY
4HIS MUST BE CHECKED TWICE
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
(E WASNT KILLED IN AN ACCIDENT
7AS HE KILLED IN AN ACCIDENT
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7E EXPECT HER TO BRING THE BOOK WITH HER
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4HEY EXPECTED THE WAR TO BE OVER SOONER
7E EXPECT OUR LESSON TO lNISH AT TEN OCLOCK
7E EXPECT OUR LESSON TO LAST ONE HOUR
7E EXPECT THE PARADE TO BEGIN SOON
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7E EXPECT THE BANK TO OPEN AT NINE OCLOCK
*OHN IS SUPPOSED TO COME AT SIX OCLOCK
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(E WAS SUPPOSED TO TELEPHONE ME YESTERDAY
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AWAY BY THE WIND SOON 4HE PLATE WAS BROKEN BY HER ON PURPOSE 4HE BOY WILL BE BROUGHT BY THEM TOMORROW
4HE WORK HAD BEEN lNISHED BY THEM BY NOON 4HE ACCIDENT WAS SEEN BY -RS *ACKSON 4HE CHILD HAS
BEEN FOUND BY THEM AT LAST 4HE WORK WILL BE DONE BY HIM THIS AFTERNOON )T WILL BE FORGOTTENBY PEOPLE IN A FEW
DAYS %NGLISH IS SPOKEN BY PEOPLE ALL OVER THE WORLD ! BIG BATTLE WAS FOUGHT BY THEM HERE MANY YEARS AGO
4HIS GUN WAS MADE BY THEM BY HAND !LL THE CHAIRS HAVE BEEN PUT BY SOMEONE IN THE NEXT ROOM (IS LEG
WAS BROKEN BY HIM IN AN ACCIDENT 4HE BOOK WILL BE SENT BY THEM NEXT WEEK /UR DOG WAS RUN OVER BY A CAR
A SHORT WHILE AGO 4HE WOUNDED SOLDIERS WERE LEFT BEHIND BY THEM
%X ! THIEF STOLE THE MONEY 4HEY WILL DELIVER THE MERCHANDISE TOMORROW 4HE ENEMY HAS DESTROYED THE CITY
,ONGMANS WILL PUBLISH THE BOOK NEXT SPRING -ANY PEOPLE ATTENDED THE LECTURE /UR TEACHER CORRECTS OUR EXERCISES
EACH NIGHT !N AUTOMOBILE STRUCK HIM (E HAD lNISHED THE WORK BY *UNE 4HEY WILL HAVE CAPTURED THE TOWN
BY 7EDNESDAY -Y GRANDFATHER BUILT THE HOUSE IN *OHN WILL BRING THE BOOKS #OLUMBUS DISCOVERED
!MERICA IN -R 3MITH TEACHES OUR CLASS -R3COTT WROTE THIS BOOK
%X 4HE BOOK WASN|T WRITTEN BY -R 4HOMPSON 7AS THE BOOK WRITTEN BY 4HE LESSON ISN|T TAUGHT BY -R 3MITH
)S THE LESSON TAUGHT BY 4HE BOOK HASN|T BEEN RETURNED BY *OHN (AS THE BOOK BEEN RETURNED BY 4HE DISH
WASN|T BROKEN BY THE MAID 7AS THE DISH BROKEN BY 4HE CRIES OF THE CHILD WEREN|T HEARD CLEARLY 7ERE THE CRIES
OF THE CHILD HEARD CLEARLY 4HE MONEY HADN|T BEEN STOLEN BY ONE OF THE BOYS (AD THE MONEY BEEN STOLEN BY
!MERICA WASN|T DISCOVERED IN 7AS !MERICA DISCOVERED IN )T WASN|T DISCOVERED BY #HRISTOPHER #OLUMBUS
7AS IT DISCOVERED BY 4HE HOUSE WASN|T STRUCK BY LIGHTNING 7AS THE HOUSE STRUCK BY 4HE BOOK WON|T BE
PUBLISHED IN *UNE 7ILL THE BOOK BE PUBLISHED IN 4HE MONEY HASN|T BEEN FOUND (AS THE MONEY BEEN FOUND
4HE CITY WASN|T DESTROYED BY BOMBS 7AS THE CITY DESTROYED BY 4HE WORK WON|T BE COMPLETED TOMORROW
7ILL THE WORK BE COMPLETED 4HE TELEGRAM WASN|T DELIVERED THIS MORNING 7AS THE TELEGRAM DELIVERED
%X (OW WAS THE HOUSE DESTROYED 7HEN WILL THE WORK BE COMPLETED 7HERE WAS THE CHILD lNALLY FOUND
7HO WAS THE TREE PLANTED BY "Y WHOM WAS THE TREE PLANTED 7HEN WILL THE BOOK BE PUBLISHED !T WHAT
TIME IS THE MAIL DELIVERED EVERY DAY )N WHAT KIND OF ACCIDENT WAS HE INJURED )N WHAT YEAR WAS THE HOUSE BUILT
7HO WAS THE MONEY STOLEN BY "Y WHOM WAS THE MONEY STOLEN
%X )T WAS DISCOVERED BY #HRISTOPHER #OLUMBUS )T WAS DISCOVERED IN )T WAS PUBLISHED IN
)T WAS PUBLISHED IN #HICAGO )T WAS STOLEN BY ONE OF THE SERVANTS (E WAS lNALLY FOUND IN THE PARK )T WILL BE
PREPARED BY THE CHEF 4HEY|RE CORRECTED BY OUR INSTRUCTOR )T WAS DELAYED BECAUSE OF BAD WEATHER CONDITIONS
)T WAS HIDDEN IN A WOODEN BOX )T WAS RELEASED AT ABOUT )T WILL BE COMPLETED BY THE END OF THE MONTH
4HEY WERE MARRIED IN 6ALPARAISO 3HE WAS BORN IN 3COTLAND )T WAS BROKEN BY THE MAID )T WAS PUT IN
THE SAFE (E WAS HELD FOR ABOUT TWO HOURS
%X 4HAT QUESTION IS BEING CONSIDERED BY THEM NOW 4HAT LETTER IS BEING TYPED BY HER NOW 4HE QUESTION WAS
BEING DISCUSSED BY THEM WHEN ) WENT IN 4ROOPS ARE BEING SENT BY THEM THERE TODAY 4HE WORK IS BEING lNISHED
BY HIM NOW 4HE OFlCE WAS BEING CLEANED BY THEM THIS MORNING (E|S BEING EXAMINED BY THEM NOW 4HIS ROOM
IS BEING USED BY US 4HE CITY IS BEING DEFENDED BY THEM WELL 4HE MEETING IS BEING HELD BY THEM TODAY (E|S
BEING TRANSFERRED BY THEM TO ANOTHER CLASS
%X 4HE FAX MAY BE SENT BY THEM TOMORROW .O TIME MUST BE LOST BY US 4HIS ROOM CAN BE USED BY YOU FOR THE
LESSON 4HESE EXERCISES HAVE TO BE WRITTEN BY US AT HOME 4HIS SHOULD BE SENT BY HIM RIGHT AWAY 4HOSE THINGS
CANNOT BE PUT BY THEM HERE 4HE GOODS MAY BE DELIVERED BY THEM TOMORROW )T HAS TO BE DONE BY HIM IMMEDIATELY
(E MUST BE HELPED BY US 4HIS CANNOT BE lNISHED BY HIM TODAY (E MAY BE HELD BY THE POLICE FOR SEVERAL DAYS
%X 4HE MAIL WAS BROUGHT BY *OHN YESTERDAY 4HE MAIL WILL BE BROUGHT BY *OHN TOMORROW 4HE MAIL HAS BEEN
BROUGHT BY *OHN EVERY DAY 4HE MAIL IS BEING BROUGHT BY *OHN NOW 4HE MAIL MAY BE BROUGHT BY *OHN TOMORROW
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
4HE MAIL HAS TO BE BROUGHT BY *OHN EVERY DAY 4HE CHAIRS HAVE TO BE PUT BY THEM IN THE ROOM 4HE MERCHANDISE
IS BEING SENT BY THEM TODAY 4HE E
MAIL WAS SENT BY HIM LAST WEEK 4HE BOOKS HAVE TO BE DELIVERED BY THEM
TODAY (E MUST BE FOUND BY US IMMEDIATELY
%X 4HE STORY ISN|T BEING PUBLISHED TODAY )S THE STORY BEING PUBLISHED TODAY 7HEN IS THE STORY BEING PUBLISHED
4HIS MUSTN|T BE CHECKED TWICE -UST IT BE CHECKED TWICE (OW MANY TIMES MUST IT BE CHECKED )T CAN|T BE
DONE THREE OR FOUR TIMES A MONTH #AN IT BE DONE THREE OR FOUR TIMES A MONTH (OW MANY TIMES A WEEK (OW OFTEN
CAN IT BE DONE )T DOESN|T HAVE TO BE SENT RIGHT AWAY $OES IT HAVE TO BE SENT RIGHT AWAY 7HEN DOES IT HAVE TO
BE SENT 4HIS ROOM CAN|T BE USED FOR OUR MEETINGS #AN THIS ROOM BE USED FOR OUR MEETINGS 7HAT CAN THIS ROOM
BE USED FOR 4HE MONEY HASN|T BEEN SENT TO .9 (AS THE
MONEY BEEN SENT TO .9 7HERE HAS THE MONEY BEEN SENT TO 4HIS BOOK WASN|T PUBLISHED IN 7AS THIS
BOOK PUBLISHED IN 7HEN WAS THIS BOOK PUBLISHED 4HE MATERIAL ISN|T BEING PREPARED BY -R 2EESE )S THE
MATERIAL BEING PREPARED BY -R 2EESE 7HO IS THE MATERIAL BEING PREPARED BY )T SHOULDN|T BE SENT IMMEDIATELY
3HOULD IT BE SENT IMMEDIATELY 7HEN SHOULD IT BE SENT )T DOESN|T HAVE TO BE DONE AT ONCE $OES IT HAVE TO
BE DONE AT ONCE 7HEN DOES IT HAVE TO BE DONE 4HE CLASS ISN|T TAUGHT BY -R 3MITH )S THE CLASS TAUGHT BY -R
3MITH 7HO IS THE CLASS TAUGHT BY
%X -ANY LETTERS ARE SENT ABROAD FROM THIS OFlCE EVERY DAY /THER PLANETS HAVE BEEN DISCOVERED IN OUR SOLAR
SYSTEM .EW ROADS HAVE TO MUST BE BUILT IN THIS PART OF THE COUNTRY .EW METHODS ARE BEING DEVELOPED TO CONTROL
INmATION !LL THE INVITATIONS WERE SENT BY AIR MAIL 4HIS BOOK HAS BEEN TRANSLATED INTO SEVERAL LANGUAGES 4HIS
CAN BE DONE EASILY IF THE RIGHT APPROPRIATE TOOLS ARE USED 0UBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICES SHOULD BE IMPROVED IN THIS CITY
3EVERAL HOSPITALS WILL BE BUILT IN THE COUNTRY DURING THE NEXT lVE YEARS $URING THAT YEAR SEVERAL IMPORTANT PROJECTS
HAVE BEEN CARRIED OUT
%X 3E HA PROBADO UN NUEVO TIPO DE MISL RECIENTEMENTE 3E EST ANALIZANDO MINUCIOSAMENTE LA INFORMACIN
!QU SE REPARA TODO TIPO DE COMPUTADORES 3E PUEDEN APLICAR VARIAS TCNICAS DIFERENTES 3E CONSIDERA QUE
EL )NGLS HA LLEGADO A SER UN IDIOMA UNIVERSAL 3E HAN CAMBIADO LAS POLTICAS ECONMICAS CON EL lN DE CONTROLAR LA
INmACIN $URANTE ESTA SEMANA SE VER EL COMETA FCILMENTE CERCA DE LA #RUZ DEL 3UR (ACIA lNES DEL LA DCADA
DE LOS SE HABAN LOGRADO SATISFACTORIAMENTE LA MAYOR PARTE DE LAS METAS 3E ESTABAN PROCESANDO LOS DATOS EN
ESE MOMENTO ,A PRXIMA VEZ SE ENVIARN VARIOS ANIMALES AL ESPACIO PARA ESTUDIAR LOS EFECTOS DE LA INGRAVIDEZ
FALTA DE GRAVEDAD
0!24 ))
%X IS SUPPOSED TO COME WERE SUPPOSED TO DELIVER WAS SUPPOSED TO SEND IS SUPPOSED TO BE IS SUPPOSED
TO BE IS SUPPOSED TO BE IS SUPPOSED TO CALL IS SUPPOSED TO MEET WAS SUPPOSED TO BE IS SUPPOSED TO
KNOW IS SUPPOSED TO BE SENT IS SUPPOSED TO HAVE BEEN SENT ARE SUPPOSED TO BE PUT
%X 4HE TRAIN IS SUPPOSED TO ARRIVE AT 3HE IS SUPPOSED TO BRING THE HE WAS SUPPOSED TO ARRIVE 4HE
WAR WAS SUPPOSED TO BE OVER /UR LESSON IS SUPPOSED TO lNISH AT /UR LESSON IS SUPPOSED TO LAST 4HE
PARADE IS SUPPOSED TO BEGIN 4HE BUS IS SUPPOSED TO STOP 4HE WEATHER IS SUPPOSED TO BE HOT (E IS
SUPPOSED TO LEAVE FOR 4HE BANK IS SUPPOSED TO OPEN AT
%X (E WASN|T SUPPOSED TO BRING IT 7AS HE SUPPOSED TO BRING IT 7HEN WAS HE SUPPOSED TO BRING IT
4HEY AREN|T SUPPOSED TO START SOON !RE THEY SUPPOSED TO START SOON 7HEN ARE THEY SUPPOSED TO START THE WORK
4HEY AREN|T SUPPOSED TO lNISH TOMORROW !RE THEY SUPPOSED TO lNISH TOMORROW 7HEN ARE THEY SUPPOSED TO lNISH
4HE LETTER WASN|T SUPPOSED TO BE SENT YESTERDAY 7AS THE LETTER SUPPOSED TO BE SENT YESTERDAY 7HEN WAS THE
LETTER SUPPOSED TO BE SENT (E ISN|T SUPPOSED TO BE LIVING )S HE SUPPOSED TO BE LIVING 7HERE IS HE SUPPOSED
TO BE LIVING (E WASN|T SUPPOSED TO TELEPHONE 7AS HE SUPPOSED TO TELEPHONE 7HEN WAS HE SUPPOSED TO
TELEPHONE YOU 7E AREN|T SUPPOSED TO MEET THEM !RE WE SUPPOSED TO MEET THEM 7HERE ARE WE SUPPOSED
TO MEET THEM 4HE BOOK ISN|T SUPPOSED TO BE PUBLISHED IN *UNE )S THE BOOK SUPPOSED TO BE PUBLISHED IN *UNE
7HEN IS THE BOOK SUPPOSED TO BE PUBLISHED 4HE +ING ISN|T SUPPOSED TO VISIT )S THE +ING SUPPOSED TO VISIT
7HEN IS THE +ING SUPPOSED TO VISIT THE 53!
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
5.)4
0!24 ) /2!#)/.%3 #/.$)#)/.!,%3
)NTRODUCCIN
3ON ORACIONES CONDICIONALES AQUELLAS ORACIONES QUE EMPIEZAN CON LA PALABRA )& 3I
)F HE COMES TOMORROW 3I L VIENE MAANA
,AS ORACIONES CONDICIONALES SON ORACIONES COMPUESTAS YA QUE ESTN FORMADAS POR DOS CLUSULAS 5NA DE ELLAS ES
LA #/.$)#). INTRODUCIDA POR LA PALABRA )& LA SEGUNDA ES LA CLUSULA DE 2%35,4!$/
)F HE COMES TOMORROW YOU WILL SEE HIM 3I L VIENE MAANA LO VERS
#ONDICIN
2ESULTADO
%L ORDEN DE LAS CLUSULAS QUE COMPONEN UNA ORACIN CONDICIONAL PUEDE SER INVERTIDO
)F HE COMES TOMORROW YOU WILL SEE HIM
9OU WILL SEE HIM IF HE COMES TOMORROW
%XISTEN TRES TIPOS DE ORACIONES CONDICIONALES
A &5452/ 0/3)",% &UTURE 0OSSIBLE
)F HE COMES TOMORROW YOU WILL SEE HIM 3I L VIENE MAANA T LO VERS
B 02%3%.4% )22%!, 0RESENT 5NREAL
)F HE CAME HERE MORE OFTEN YOU WOULD SEE HIM MORE OFTEN TOO 3I L VINIERA AC MS SEGUIDO T LO VERAS MS
SEGUIDO TAMBIN
C 0!3!$/ )22%!, 0AST 5NREAL
)F HE HAD COME HERE YESTERDAY YOU WOULD HAVE SEEN HIM 3I L HUBIERA VENIDO AC AYER T LO HABRAS VISTO
) /2!#)/.%3 #/.$)#)/.!,%3 $%, 02)-%2 4)0/ &5452/ 0/3)",%
%N ESTE TIPO DE ORACIONES CONDICIONALES CUANDO LA CONDICIN INTRODUCIDA POR )& SE MATERIALIZA LO MS PROBABLE ES QUE
SE D EL RESULTADO PREVISTO EN LA CLUSULA DE 2ESULTADO
,A ESTRUCTURA DE ESTE TIPO DE ORACIONES CONDICIONALES ES LA SIGUIENTE
#ONDICION
2ESULTADO
)F 3UBJECT 0RESENT
3UBJECT WILL )NlNITIVE
2EAD LISTEN AND REPEAT THESE EXAMPLES
)F THE WEATHER IS GOOD TOMORROW WE WILL GO TO THE BEACH 3I EL TIEMPO EST BUENO MAANA IREMOS A LA PLAYA
)F ) SEE *OHN AT THE PARTY )|LL GIVE HIM YOUR MESSAGE 3I VEO A *UAN EN LA lESTA LE DAR TU MENSAJE
)F YOU SIT HERE YOU WILL BE ABLE TO SEE EVERYTHING 3I TE SIENTAS AQU PODRS VER TODO
)F YOU DON|T STUDY HARD YOU WILL NOT GET A GOOD MARK 3I NO ESTUDIAS DURO NO TE SACARS UNA BUENA NOTA
)F $IANA DOESN|T LEAVE AT ONCE SHE|LL MISS HER TRAIN 3I $IANA NO SALE DE INMEDIATO PERDER SU TREN
)F YOU AREN|T CAREFUL WHEN YOU|RE DRIVING YOU|LL HAVE AN ACCIDENT 3I NO ERES CUIDADOSO CUANDO ESTS CONDUCIENDO
TENDRS UN ACCIDENTE
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%S IMPORTANTE NOTAR AQU QUE EN LA CONDICIN AN CUANDO NOS ESTAMOS RElRIENDO A UNA ACCIN FUTURA EL VERBO
DEBE IR EN PRESENTE SIMPLE Y NO EN FUTURO
)F -ARY COMES TOMORROW .O h)F -ARY WILL COMEv ) WILL GIVE HER YOUR MESSAGE
$EL MISMO MODO DEBE USAR EL TIEMPO PRESENTE Y NO EL FUTURO DESPUS DE LOS CONECTORES 7(%. CUANDO 5.4),
HASTA QUE "%&/2% ANTES QUE !&4%2 DESPUS QUE !3 3//. !3 EN CUANTO !3 ,/.' !3 DURANTE TODO
EL TIEMPO QUE 7(),% MIENTRAS 5.,%33 A MENOS QUE ETC CUANDO SE EST USANDO UNA EXPRESIN DE TIEMPO
FUTURO COMO TOMORROW THIS EVENING NEXT -ONDAY MORNING ETC
2EAD LISTEN AND REPEAT THESE EXAMPLES
7HEN +EVIN COMES THIS AFTERNOON HE WILL TELL US WHAT HAPPENED #UANDO +EVIN VENGA ESTA TARDE L NOS CONTAR
QU PAS
!S SOON AS SHE OPENS HER EYES SHE WILL SEE THE 0RINCE %N CUANTO ELLA ABRA LOS OJOS VER AL 0RNCIPE
) WILL WAIT HERE UNTIL SHE TELEPHONES %SPERAR AQU HASTA QUE ELLA LLAME POR TELFONO
)) /2!#)/.%3 #/.$)#)/.!,%3 $%, 3%'5.$/ 4)0/ 02%3%.4% )22%!,
%N ESTE TIPO DE ORACIONES CONDICIONALES NOS PLANTEAMOS UNA SITUACIN HIPOTTICA ES CONTRARIA A LA REALIDAD
)F *OHN HAD A CAR HE WOULD DRIVE TO #ALIFORNIA 3I *OHN TUVIERA UN AUTO L VIAJARA EN AUTO A #ALIFORNIA
2EAL SITUATION (E DOESN|T HAVE A CAR SO HE CAN|T DRIVE TO #ALIFORNIA
)F -ARY KNEW HOW TO SWIM SHE WOULD GO TO THE BEACH MORE OFTEN 3I -ARY SUPIERA NADAR ELLA IRA A LA PLAYA MS
SEGUIDO 2EAL SITUATION 3HE DOESN|T KNOW HOW TO SWIM SO SHE DOESN|T GO TO THE BEACH VERY OFTEN
,A ESTRUCTURA DE ESTE TIPO DE ORACIONES CONDICIONALES ES LA SIGUIENTE
#ONDICION
2ESULTADO
)F 3UBJECT 0AST
3UBJECT WOULDCOULDMIGHT )NlNITIVE
%S IMPORTANTE OBSERVAR QUE CUANDO SE USA EL VERBO 4/ "% EN ESTAS ORACIONES DEBEMOS USAR EL SUBJUNTIVO DE DICHO
VERBO ES DECIR TODAS LAS PERSONAS DEBEN USAR LA FORMA 7%2%
)F *OHN WERE HERE NOW HE WOULD HELP US 3I *OHN ESTUVIERA AQU L NOS AYUDARA
)F ) WERE A MILLIONAIRE ) WOULD BUY MANY THINGS 3I YO FUERA MILLONARIO COMPRARA MUCHAS COSAS
%8%2#)3%3
%X 3UPPLY THE PROPER FORM OF THE VERB IN PARENTHESES IN THE FOLLOWING 02%3%.4
5.2%!, CONDITIONAL
STATEMENTS
LF -ARY ???????????????????????? HAVE MORE TIME SHE WOULD STUDY MORE LF -ARY HAD MORE TIME SHE WOULD
STUDY MORE
)F ) ????????????????????????BE IN YOUR POSITION ) WOULD STUDY &RENCH
)F HE ???????????????????????? KNOW HER BETTER HE COULD GO WITH HER TO THE PARTY
LF ) ???????????????????????? HAVE THE MONEY ) WOULD BUY THAT SUIT
LF *OHN ???????????????????????? BE HERE NOW HE WOULD HELP US
LF (ELEN ???????????????????????? BE A GOOD STUDENT SHE WOULD SPEAK %NGLISH BETTER
LF OUR ROOM ???????????????????????? BE LARGER WE COULD STUDY BETTER
)F THE WEATHER ???????????????????????? BE WARMER WE WOULD GO FOR A WALK
LF HE ???????????????????????? PREPARE HIS LESSONS EVERY NIGHT HE WOULD BE A BETTER STUDENT
) WOULD GO IF ) ???????????????????????? HAVE MORE TIME
*OHN WOULD DO IT IF HE ???????????????????????? BE NOT SO BUSY
7E WOULD SPEAK BETTER IF WE ???????????????????????? HAVE MORE PRACTICE IN CONVERSATION
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%X 3UPPLY THE PROPER FORM OF THE VERB IN PARENTHESES
LF HE WERE HERE HE ???????????????????????? HELP US )F HE WERE HERE HE WOULD HELP US
LF ) KNEW HER ) ???????????????????????? SPEAK TO HER
)F HE CAME TO CLASS MORE OFTEN HE???????????????????????? LEARN MORE
3HE ???????????????????????? MAKE MORE PROGRESS IF SHE STUDIED MORE
3HE ???????????????????????? SPEAK %NGLISH BETTER IF SHE HAD MORE PRACTICE
)F HE CAME TO CLASS ON TIME HE ???????????????????????? BE A BETTER STUDENT
)F HE WENT TO BED EARLIER HE ???????????????????????? FEEL BETTER
LF HE HAD MORE MONEY HE ???????????????????????? TAKE TRIP TO *APAN
3HE ???????????????????????? GO WITH US IF SHE WERE NOT SO BUSY
)F HE WERE STRONGER HE ??????????????????????????? WORK HARDER
)F TODAY WERE A HOLIDAY WE ?????????????????????????????? GO TO THE BEACH
)F ) WERE FREE TOMORROW ) ?????????????????????????? VISIT THE MUSEUM
%X #HANGE TO 0RESENT 5NREAL #ONDITIONS
)F HE HAS TIME HE WILL GO
)F HE HAD TIME HE WOULD GO
)F THE WEATHER IS COLD WE WILL NOT GO
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
)F HE IS HERE HE CAN HELP US
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
)F HE STUDIES HARD HE WILL PASS
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
)F ) HAVE MORE TIME ) WILL READ MORE BOOKS
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
)F WE HAVE MORE PRACTICE WE WILL SPEAK BETTER
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
)F HE COMES HE WILL SEE HER
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
)F HE GOES TO THE PARTY HE WILL MEET HER
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
)F HE PREPARES HIS LESSONS HE WILL MAKE GOOD PROGRESS ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
LF THEY TRY HARD THEY WILL SUCCEED
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
LF ) AM FREE TOMORROW ) WILL GO TO THE BEACH
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
LF ) DONT HAVE TO WORK ) WILL GO TO THE MOVIE
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X #OMPLETE THE FOLLOWING BY USING 0RESENT 5NREAL #ONDITIONS
*OHN DOES NOT STUDY HARD BUT IF *OHN DOES NOT STUDY HARD BUT IF HE STUDIED HARD HE WOULD LEARN MORE QUICKLY
-ARY DOES NOT PREPARE HER LESSONS BUT IF
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
7ILLIAM NEVER COMES TO CLASS ON TIME BUT IF
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E HAS VERY LITTLE PRACTICE IN SPEAKING BUT IF
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
) AM NOT IN &LORIDA NOW BUT IF
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
-ARY ISNT HERE NOW BUT IF
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
) CANT SPEAK &RENCH BUT IF
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
) DONT SPEAK %NGLISH WELL BUT IF
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E HAS VERY LITTLE FREE TIME BUT IF
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E DOESNT LIKE TO STUDY %NGLISH BUT IF
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E HAS VERY FEW FRIENDS BUT IF
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
3HE HAS VERY LITTLE MONEY BUT IF
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X #OMPLETE THE FOLLOWING
LF *OHN WERE HERE HE WOULD BE VERY HAPPY
(E WOULD SPEAK BETTER IF
)F HE STUDIED MORE HE
)F ) COULD SPEAK &RENCH )
)F ) WERE YOU )
)F L WERE IN &LORIDA NOW )
)F HE HAD MORE TIME HE
)F ) KNEW HER WELL )
LF *OHN PREPARED HIS LESSONS EVERY NIGHT HE
)F TODAY WERE A HOLIDAY WE
)F HE CAME TO CLASS REGULARLY HE
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
-ARY WOULD GO WITH US IF
(E WOULD SPEAK BETTER IF
7E WOULD GO FOR A WALK IN THE PARK IF
)F TODAY WERE 3UNDAY WE
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X #HOOSE THE CORRECT FORM
)F ) WAS WERE IN YOUR POSITION ) WOULD STUDY &RENCH LF ) WERE IN YOUR POSITION ) WOULD
)F THE WEATHER IS WILL BE NICE TOMORROW WE MAY DRIVE TO THE COUNTRY
)F ) WERE YOU ) WILL WOULD WALK TO SCHOOL
*OHN SAID HE WILL WOULD BE HERE SOON
-ARY TOLD ME THAT SHE CAN COULD NOT COME
)F HE CAN COULD HELP US ) AM SURE HE WOULD
)F ) KNOW KNEW HOW TO SWIM ) WOULD GO SWIMMING EVERY DAY
)F ) HAD HAVE TIME TOMORROW ) WILL GO TO THE MOVIE
7HEN *OHN COMES WILL COME HERE TOMORROW -ARY WILL TALK WITH HIM
(E WOULD GO TO THE THEATER MORE OFTEN IF HE HAVE HAD THE TIME
(E SAID HE MAY MIGHT BE LATE
)F HE KNOWS KNEW MY NUMBER HE COULD TELEPHONE ME
%X !NSWER THESE QUESTIONS
)F TODAY WERE A HOLIDAY WHERE WOULD YOU GO
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
)F YOU HAD AN AUTOMOBILE WHERE WOULD YOU DRIVE THIS WEEKEND
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7OULD YOU SPEAK %NGLISH BETTER IF YOU HAD MORE PRACTICE IN CONVERSATION
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
)F YOU STUDIED HARDER WOULD YOU GET BETTER MARKS IN ALL YOUR SUBJECTS
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
)F YOU COULD VISIT ANY COUNTRY IN THE WORLD WHAT COUNTRY WOULD YOU VISIT lRST
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
)F YOU HAD MUCH MONEY HOW WOULD YOU SPEND IT
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
)F TODAY WERE 3UNDAY WHERE WOULD YOU GO AND WHAT WOULD YOU DO
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7OULD *OHN SPEAK %NGLISH BETTER IF HE SPENT MORE TIME ON HIS LESSONS
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
)F YOU KNEW %NGLISH PERFECTLY WHAT OTHER LANGUAGE WOULD YOU BEGIN TO STUDY
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
))) /2!#)/.%3 #/.$)#)/.!,%3 $%, 4%2#%2 4)0/ 0!3!$/ )22%!,
%N ESTE TIPO DE ORACIONES NOSOTROS NOS REFERIMOS A UNA SITUACIN HIPOTTICA CONTRARIA A LA REALIDAD EN EL PASADO
)F *OHN HAD STUDIED HARD HE WOULD HAVE PASSED HIS EXAMINATION 3I *OHN HUBIERA ESTUDIADO MS HABRA APROBADO
SU EXAMEN 2EAL SITUATION (E DIDN|T PASS HIS EXAMINATION BECAUSE HE DIDN|T STUDY HARD
)F THEY HAD KNOWN YOUR TELEPHONE NUMBER THEY WOULD HAVE CALLED YOU UP 3I ELLOS HUBIERAN CONOCIDO SU NMERO TELEFNICO
TE HABRAN LLAMADO 2EAL SITUATION 4HEY DIDN|T CALL YOU UP BECAUSE THEY DIDN|T HAVE YOUR TELEPHONE NUMBER
,A ESTRUCTURA DE ESTE TIPO DE ORACIONES CONDICIONALES ES LA SIGUIENTE
#ONDICION
2ESULTADO
)F 3UBJECT 0AST PERFECT
3UBJECT WOULD HAVECOULD HAVEMIGHT HAVE 0AST PARTICIPLE
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%N SITUACIONES FORMALES O LITERARIAS ESTE TIPO DE ORACIONES CONDICIONALES SE EXPRESAN SIN )& %N ESTOS CASOS EL VERBO
MODAL (!$ PRECEDE AL SUJETO
(AD HE KNOWN THAT YOU WERE ILL HE WOULD HAVE COME TO SEE YOU
%8%2#)3%3
%X 3UPPLY THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN PARENTHESES
(E WOULD HAVE COME TO THE PARTY IF HE HAD KNOWN KNOW ABOUT IT (E WOULD HAVE COME TO THE PARTY IF HE ABOUT IT
)F )????????????????????????HAVE YOUR ADDRESS ) WOULD HAVE CALLED ON YOU
)F THE WEATHER ????????????????????????BE NICE YESTERDAY THEY WOULD HAVE GONE TO THE PARK
)F YOU ???????????????????????? CALL ME ) WOULD HAVE BEEN GLAD TO GO
)F HE ???????????????????????? WEAR HIS OVERCOAT HE WOULD NOT HAVE CAUGHT COLD
) WOULD HAVE VISITED YOU IF )???????????????????????? KNOW YOU WERE LIVING IN .EW 9ORK
)F )???????????????????????? BE IN YOUR PLACE ) WOULD HAVE TOLD HIM
(E WOULD HAVE GOTTEN SICK IF HE ???????????????????????? GO OUT IN THE RAIN
)F HE???????????????????????? TELL ME THE TRUTH ) WOULD NOT HAVE BEEN SO ANGRY
)F YESTERDAY ???????????????????????? BE A HOLIDAY WE WOULD HAVE GONE TO THE BEACH
%X 3UPPLY THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN PARENTHESES
)F HE HAD STUDIED MORE HE HE WOULD HAVE SUCCEEDED SUCCEED
)F HE HAD NOT WORN HIS OVERCOAT HE ????????????????????????CATCH COLD
) ???????????????????????? HELP HIM IF HE HAD ASKED ME
(E ???????????????????????? BE ANGRY IF HE HAD LEARNED THE TRUTH
7E ???????????????????????? COME EARLIER IF WE HAD KNOWN ABOUT IT
7E ???????????????????????? BE GLAD TO MEET YOU IF YOU HAD INVITED US
(E???????????????????????? WRITE TO YOU IF HE HAD HAD YOUR ADDRESS
) ???????????????????????? TELL YOU ABOUT IT IF ) HAD KNOWN ALL THE FACTS
7E ???????????????????????? GO TO THE MOVIE LAST NIGHT IF WE HAD BEEN FREE
4HEY ???????????????????????? DRIVE TO THE COUNTRY IF THEY HAD HAD A CAR
%X #OMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES BY ADDING A 0!34
5.2%!, CONDITIONAL STATEMENT
*OHN DIDNT PREPARE HIS LESSONS BUT IF HE HAD PREPARED THEM HE WOULD HAVE LEARNED %NGLISH BETTER
-ARY DIDNT COME TO SCHOOL YESTERDAY BUT IF ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
) DIDNT HAVE YOUR TELEPHONE NUMBER BUT IF ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
*OHN WASNT AT THE MEETING YESTERDAY BUT IF ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
) WASNT IN &LORIDA LAST WINTER BUT IF ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
) DIDNT KNOW HIS NAME BUT IF ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E DIDNT TELL ME ABOUT IT BUT IF ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
) DIDNT HAVE A CAR LAST WINTER BUT IF ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
3HE DIDNT WEAR HER RAINCOAT BUT IF ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
) WASNT IN HIS POSITION BUT IF ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
3HE DIDNT COME ON TIME BUT IF ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E COULDNT SPEAK %NGLISH AT THE TIME BUT IF ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%X #HANGE TO 02%3%.4 5.2%!, AND TO 0!34 5.2%!, #ONDITIONS
)F HE COMES SHE WILL SPEAK TO HIM
A )F HE CAME SHE WOULD SPEAK TO HIM
B )F HE HAD COME SHE WOULD HAVE SPOKEN TO HIM
)F THE WEATHER IS NICE THEY WILL GO TO THE BEACH
A ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
B ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
)F HE HAS TIME HE WILL GO WITH US
A ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
B ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
)F ) AM FREE NEXT WEEK ) WILL CALL HER UP
A ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
B ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
)F ) CAN DO IT ) WILL DO IT GLADLY
A ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
B ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
)F HE IS HERE HE MAY HELP US
A ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
B ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
)F ) SEE HER ) WILL GIVE HER THE MESSAGE
A ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
B ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
)F HE GOES THERE HE WILL LET US KNOW
A ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
B ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
)F IT RAINS THEY WILL STAY AT HOME
A ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
B ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
)F HE WORKS HARDER HE WILL BE PROMOTED
A
B ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
)F HE HAS THE MONEY HE MAY GO WITH US
A ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
B ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
)F *OHN IS PRESENT THE MEETING WILL BE GOOD
A ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
B ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X /PEN %XERCISE #OMPLETE THE FOLLOWING
)F HE WERE HERE HE WOULD TAKE PART IN THE GAME
)F ) HAD KNOWN ABOUT IT ) ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HEY WOULD HAVE COME IF THEY ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
)F ) WERE YOU ) ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
)F YOU HAD ASKED ME ) ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
)F HE HAD TELEPHONED ME ) ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
) WOULD GO IF ) ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E WOULD HAVE HELPED US IF ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
)F %NGLAND HAD BEEN BETTER PREPARED FOR WAR 'ERMANY ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
)F ) HAD MORE TIME ) ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E WOULD HAVE SUCCEEDED IF HE ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
)F ) HAD BEEN INVITED ) ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
)F THE WEATHER WERE NICE WE ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
)F THE WEATHER HAD BEEN NICE WE ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HEY WOULD HAVE JOINED THE CLASS IF THEY ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
) MIGHT HAVE CAUGHT COLD IF ) ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X #HOOSE THE CORRECT FORM
)F ) WAS WERE YOU ) WOULD CERTAINLY DO IT LF ) WERE YOU ) WOULD CERTAINLY DO IT
*OHN LOOKS AS THOUGH HE WAS WERE SICK
(E ACTED AS IF HE HAD HAD HAD A GREAT SHOCK
)F ) KNEW HAD KNOWN THIS YESTERDAY ) WOULD HAVE ACTED DIFFERENTLY
)F IT RAINS WILL RAIN TOMORROW WE MAY NOT GO AWAY
) COULD GO COULD HAVE GONE IF THEY HAD ASKED ME
)F HE WAS HAD BEEN HERE HE WOULD HAVE TAKEN PART IN THE DISCUSSION
(E ACTED AS IF HE WAS WERE THE MANAGER OF THE PLACE
) WILL WOULD LIKE TO STUDY 3PANISH IF ) HAD THE TIME
)F TODAY WAS WERE A HOLIDAY WE COULD GO TO THE BEACH
)F YESTERDAY WAS HAS BEEN HAD BEEN A HOLIDAY WE COULD HAVE GONE TO THE BEACH
#ALL ME IF HE COMES WILL COME BEFORE NOON
)F ) WOULD BE WERE IN HIS POSITION ) WOULD NOT ACCEPT THE WORK
(E WILL NOT GO UNLESS SHE GOES WILL GO TOO
) FEEL AS IF ) ATE HAD EATEN A LARGE DINNER
) THINK HE WOULD COME WOULD HAVE COME IF WE HAD ASKED HIM
%X !NSWER THESE QUESTIONS
)F YESTERDAY HAD BEEN A HOLIDAY WHERE WOULD YOU HAVE GONE
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
)F YOU HAD KNOWN IT WAS GOING TO RAIN WOULD YOU HAVE GONE ON THAT PICNIC YESTERDAY
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
)F YOU HAD STUDIED HARDER WOULD YOU HAVE GOTTEN A BETTER MARK ON YOUR EXAMINATION
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
)F YOU HAD HAD LAST WEEK OFF WHERE WOULD YOU HAVE GONE
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
)F YOU HADN|T HAD TO STUDY LAST NIGHT WOULD YOU HAVE GONE TO THE MOVIES WITH YOUR FRIEND
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7OULD *OHN HAVE GONE TO THE STADIUM WITH YOU IF HE HAD NOT BEEN SICK
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7OULD THE PARTY HAVE BEEN BETTER IF -ARY HAD BEEN PRESENT
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7OULD YOU HAVE HELPED YOUR FRIEND WITH HIS HOMEWORK IF HE HAD ASKED YOU
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
0!24 ))
! 53/ $%, 35"*5.4)6/ $%305%3 $% 7)3(
$EBIDO A QUE EL VERBO 7)3( DESEAR SUGIERE UNA SITUACIN QUE ES HIPOTTICA O CONTRARIA A LA REALIDAD ESTE SIEMPRE
DEBE IR SEGUIDO POR EL MODO SUBJUNTIVO ES DECIR AL IGUAL QUE EN LAS ORACIONES CONDICIONALES VA SEGUIDO DE UN VERBO
EN 0!3!$/ EN SITUACIONES PRESENTES Y UN 0!3!$/ 0!24)#)0)/ EN SITUACIONES PASADAS %N ESTOS CASOS ESTAS
EXPRESIONES SE USAN PARA EXPRESAR UN DESEO Y EQUIVALEN A h/JALv h-E GUSTARAv O h-E HABRA GUSTADOv
) DON|T KNOW HOW TO SWIM ) WISH ) KNEW HOW TO SWIM
) CAN|T GO TO THE CONFERENCE BECAUSE )|M VERY BUSY ) WISH ) WEREN|T SO BUSY
-ARY IS NOT HERE NOW *OHN WISHES SHE WERE HERE NOW
) DIDN|T SEE -ARY AT THE MEETING YESTERDAY ) WISH ) HAD SEEN HER
#UANDO QUEREMOS EXPRESAR UN DESEO RELACIONADO CON UNA SITUACIN FUTURA DEBEMOS USAR EL VERBO MODAL 7/5,$
)T|S BEEN RAINING HARD FOR ABOUT lVE HOURS ) WISH IT WOULD STOP RAINING SOON
) WISH HE WOULDN|T DO THAT AGAIN
/BSERVE LA SIGUIENTE TABLA
3ITUACIONES 0RESENTES
3ITUACIONES 0ASADAS
3 0AST
) WISH
3ITUACIONES &UTURAS
3 0AST 0ERFECT
3 #ONDITIONAL
%8%2#)3%3
%X 3UPPLY THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN PARENTHESES
) WISH *OHN ?????????????????????????????? BE HERE NOW ) WISH *OHN WERE HERE NOW
) WISH ) ?????????????????????????????? CAN SWIM
) WISH ) ?????????????????????????????? STUDY %NGLISH WHEN ) WAS A BOY
*OHN WISHES HE ?????????????????????????????? BE IN &LORIDA NOW
) WISH ) ?????????????????????????????? GO WITH YOU TO THE MOVIE LAST NIGHT
) WISH IT ?????????????????????????????? BE NOT SO COLD NOW
) WISH IT ?????????????????????????????? STOP SNOWING SOON
) WISH ) ?????????????????????????????? KNOW ABOUT THIS YESTERDAY
) WISH TODAY ?????????????????????????????? BE A HOLIDAY
) WISH ) ?????????????????????????????? HAVE TODAY OFF
) WISH ) ?????????????????????????????? HAVE YESTERDAY OFF
) WISH ) ?????????????????????????????? KNOW HER BETTER )|D CERTAINLY INVITE HER TO THE PARTY
%X #OMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES
) HAVE NO CAR BUT ) WISH
) CANNOT SWIM BUT ) WISH
) DIDNT STUDY BEFORE MY EXAMINATIONS BUT ) WISH
4ODAY ISNT A HOLIDAY BUT ) WISH
9ESTERDAY WASNT A HOLIDAY BUT ) WISH
4HE WEATHER ISNT NICE TODAY BUT ) WISH
) AM NOT A MILLIONAIRE BUT ) WISH
*OHN WONT DO IT FOR US BUT ) WISH
-ARY ISNT HERE BUT ) WISH
) HAVE TO WORK THIS AFTERNOON BUT ) WISH
) CANT SPEAK %NGLISH WELL BUT ) WISH
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
) HAD ONE
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
-ARY ISNT GOING WITH US BUT ) WISH
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X #HANGE THE SENTENCES TO INTRODUCE ) 7)3( INSTEAD OF )|- 3/229
)M SORRY HE DOES NOT SPEAK %NGLISH WELL
) WISH HE SPOKE %NGLISH WELL
)M SORRY HE DID NOT GO WITH US LAST NIGHT
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
)M SORRY YOU COULD NOT GO TO THE OPERA LAST NIGHT ???????????????????????????????????????????????????
)|M SORRY *OHN IS NOT HERE WITH US
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
)|M SORRY IT IS RAINING SO HARD
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
)M SORRY THAT ) DONT KNOW HER BETTER
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
)M SORRY THAT (ELEN CANT GO WITH US TO THE BEACH ???????????????????????????????????????????????????
)M SORRY THAT SHE COULD NOT GO WITH US TO THE BEACH ???????????????????????????????????????????????????
)M SORRY THAT TODAY IS NOT A HOLIDAY
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
)M SORRY THAT YOU CANT SWIM
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
" 6%2"/3 3%'5)$/3 $%, 02%3%.4% $%, 35"*5.4)6/
,OS VERBOS 4/ 2%#/--%.$ 4/ 35''%34 4/ $%-!.$ 4/ 2%15)2% 4/ !3+ 4/ ).3)34 Y 4/ 02/0/3%
DEBEN IR SEGUIDOS DE 4(!4 02%3%.4% $% 35"*5.4)6/ CUANDO ESTAMOS RElRINDONOS A UNA SITUACIN PROPUESTA
O HIPOTTICA %N EL 0RESENTE DEL 3UBJUNTIVO TODAS LAS PERSONAS USAN LA FORMA SIMPLE DEL INlNITIVO POR LO TANTO NO
SE DEBE AGREGAR
S O
ES EN LA TERCERA PERSONA DEL SINGULAR
(E RECOMMENDED THAT SHE WAIT SIN hSv FOR US OUTSIDE THE THEATER L RECOMEND QUE ELLA NOS ESPERARA
) SUGGESTED THAT YOU SEE THE MANAGER TODAY 9O SUGER QUE USTED VIERA AL GERENTE HOY DA
#UANDO SE DESEA USAR EL VERBO 4/ "% NO SE DEBE USAR LAS FORMAS AMISARE SINO QUE LA FORMA SIMPLE "%
3HE ASKED THAT WE BE THERE BEFORE MIDDAY %LLA PIDI QUE NOSOTROS ESTUVIRAMOS ALLI ANTES DEL MEDIODIA
4HEY RECOMMENDED THAT ) BE THERE A FEW MINUTES EARLIER %LLOS RECOMENDARON QUE YO ESTUVIERA ALLI
%N LA CONVERSACIN DIARIA COLOQUIAL SE PRElERE USAR EL VERBO MODAL SHOULD INlNITIVE PARA EXPRESAR ESTAS IDEAS
(E RECOMMENDED THAT SHE SHOULD WAIT FOR US OUTSIDE THE THEATER
) SUGGESTED THAT YOU SHOULD SEE THE MANAGER TODAY
3HE ASKED THAT WE SHOULD BE THERE BEFORE MIDDAY
4HEY RECOMMENDED THAT ) SHOULD BE THERE A FEW MINUTES EARLIER
4AMBIN SE DEBE USAR EL PRESENTE DEL SUBJUNTIVO DESPUS FRASES COMO h)T IS NECESSARY THATv h)T|S ESSENTIAL HATv
h)T|S IMPERATIVE THATv h)T|S ADVISABLE THATv ETC COMO LOS SIGUIENTES EJEMPLOS
)T IS NECESSARY THAT -ARY SEE THE MANAGER TODAY
)T|S ADVISABLE THAT YOU BE THERE BEFORE MIDDAY
%8%2#)3%3
%X 3UPPLY THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN PARENTHESES
(E RECOMMENDED THAT SHE ???????????????????????? GO WITH HIM (E RECOMMENDED THAT SHE GO WITH HIM
(E SUGGESTED THAT *OHN??????????????????????????????WAIT A FEW MINUTES
)T IS IMPERATIVE THAT THEY ?????????????????????????????? BE THERE ON TIME
(E ASKED THAT IT?????????????????????????????? BE DONE RIGHT AWAY
) RECOMMENDED THAT YOU ?????????????????????????????? COME BACK LATER
4HEY INSISTED THAT WE ?????????????????????????????? VISIT THEM AGAIN
(E PROPOSED THAT *OHN ?????????????????????????????? BE CHAIRMAN
)S IT NECESSARY THAT THIS ?????????????????????????????? BE lNISHED TODAY
(E INSISTED THAT SHE ?????????????????????????????? GO ON WITH THE WORK
4HE DOCTOR SUGGESTED THAT -R 3MITH ?????????????????????????????? TAKE A LONG VACATION
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
%X #HANGE THE SENTENCES TO INTRODUCE 35''%34%$ ).3)34%$ 2%#/--%.$%$ INSTEAD OF !3+%$
) ASKED *OHN TO WAIT FOR ME
) ASKED HER TO COME BACK LATER
*OHN ASKED ME TO TAKE A WALK WITH HIM
(E ASKED ME TO BE THERE ON TIME
7E ASKED THEM TO GO WITH US IN OUR CAR
4HE TEACHER ASKED US TO VISIT HER IN HER HOME
4HE OWNER OF THE STORE ASKED ME TO CALL BACK LATER
4HE TEACHER ASKED "ILL TO BE MORE CAREFUL
7E ASKED HER TO BE AT OUR HOME AT EIGHT OCLOCK
(E ASKED ME TO LEND HIM THE MONEY
) SUGGESTED THAT *OHN WAIT FOR ME
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X 3UPPLY THE CORRECT FORM IN THE FOLLOWING
)F *OHN WERE HERE IT WOULD BE BE MUCH EASIER FOR US
(AD ) KNOWN YOUR NUMBER ) ??????????????????????????????
TELEPHONE YOU
7HAT WOULD YOU DO IF YOU ?????????????????????????????? BE )
7ERE ) YOU ) ?????????????????????????????? BEGIN TO STUDY 3PANISH
(E WOULD HAVE lNISHED SOONER IF HE ?????????????????????????????? HURRY
(AD ) HAD MORE TIME ) ?????????????????????????????? DO IT
)F HE HAD BEEN WELL HE ?????????????????????????????? COME TO THE MEETING
)F HE FELT BETTER HE ?????????????????????????????? GO TO THE PARTY
)F HE HAD FELT BETTER HE ?????????????????????????????? GO TO THE PARTY
)F TODAY ?????????????????????????????? BE A HOLIDAY HE WOULD SPEND IT AT THE BEACH
)F YESTERDAY ?????????????????????????????? BE A HOLIDAY HE WOULD HAVE SPENT IT AT THE BEACH
(E WOULD HELP US IF HE ?????????????????????????????? CAN
%X #HOOSE THE CORRECT FORM
) WISH ) WERE WOULD BE IN &LORIDA NOW
) WISH ) WENT HAD GONE WITH YOU TO THE PARTY LAST NIGHT
(E RECOMMENDED THAT ) AM BE THERE EARLY
(E SUGGESTED THAT *OHN COME COMES BACK LATER
)F ) WERE WOULD BE IN &LORIDA NOW ) WOULD GO SWIMMING
*OHN SAID HE WILL WOULD BE HERE TOMORROW
)F HE WILL COME COMES SOON PLEASE LET ME KNOW
*OHN SAT BETWEEN -ARY AND ) ME
4HE MERCHANDISE IS SUPPOSED TO SEND TO BE SENT TOMORROW
)F YOU COME TOO EARLY ) MAY SLEEP MAY BE SLEEPING
(E IS LIVING HAS BEEN LIVING HERE MANY YEARS
) SAW HAVE SEEN *OHN YESTERDAY
(E SAID HE ALREADY SAW HAD SEEN THAT MOVIE
*OHN ALWAYS SITS IS SITTING AT THIS DESK
%X !NSWER THESE QUESTIONS
7HICH WOULD YOU PREFER TO BE IN GOOD HEALTH OR IN BAD HEALTH
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7HICH WOULD YOU PREFER TO BE RICH OR POOR
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7HICH WOULD YOU PREFER TO STUDY IN THE FUTURE 'ERMAN OR #HINESE
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7HICH WOULD YOU PREFER TO TRAVEL IN %UROPE OR IN 3OUTH !MERICA
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7HICH WOULD YOU PREFER TO OWN A HOUSE OR AN APARTMENT
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
7OULD YOU BE PLEASED OR SORRY TO HEAR THAT YOUR FRIEND WAS SICK
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7OULD YOU BE PLEASED OR SORRY TO HEAR THAT YOU HAD WON A LARGE PRIZE
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7OULD YOU BE PLEASED OR SORRY TO HEAR THAT YOU HAD FAILED YOUR EXAMINATION
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7OULD YOU BE PLEASED OR SORRY TO HEAR THAT YOU WERE NOT GOING TO GRADUATE
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7OULD ) BE RIGHT OR WRONG IF ) SAID THAT lSH COULD mY
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7OULD ) BE RIGHT OR WRONG IF ) SAID THAT BIRDS COULD SWIM
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7OULD ) BE RIGHT OR WRONG IF ) SAID THAT YOU SPOKE %NGLISH VERY WELL
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
"!3)# 6/#!"5,!29 3TUDY THESE WORDS
4(% !2-%$ &/2#%3 I RMD FRSIZ ,AS &UERZAS !RMADAS ))
FUERZAS ALIADAS
!LLIED FORCES ALID FRSIZ
ARMISTICIO
!RMISTICE RMISTIS
ASALTO
!SSAULT ASLT
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! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
-ERCENARY MERSEN| RI
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! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
"L
+EY TO ANSWERS
5.)4
0!24 )
"
%X WERE KNEW HAD WERE WERE WERE WERE PREPARED HAD WERE HAD
%X WOULD SPEAK WOULD LEARN WOULD MAKE WOULD SPEAK WOULD BE WOULD FEEL WOULD TAKE WOULD
GO WOULD WORK WOULD GO WOULD VISIT
%X )F THE WEATHER WERE COLD WE WOULD NOT GO )F HE WERE HERE HE COULD HELP US IF HE STUDIED HARD HE WOULD
PASS )F ) HAD MORE TIME )|D READ MORE BOOKS )F WE HAD MUCH PRACTICE WE WOULD SPEAK BETTER )F HE CAME HE
WOULD SEE HER )F HE WENT HE WOULD MEET HER )F HE PREPARED HIS LESSONS HE|D MAKE GOOD PROGRESS )F THEY
TRIED HARD THEY WOULD SUCCEED )F ) WERE FREE TOMORROW )|D GO TO THE BEACH )F ) DIDN|T HAVE TO WORK )|D GO TO
THE MOVIE
%X 0OSSIBLE ANSWERS SHE PREPARED HER LESSONS SHE|D LEARN MORE HE CAME TO CLASS ON TIME HE|D BE A
BETTER STUDENT HE HAD MORE PRACTICE IN SPEAKING HE WOULD SPEAK A LOT BETTER ) WERE THERE NOW ) WOULD VISITING
/RLANDO SHE WERE HERE ) WOULD BE TALKING WITH HER NOW ) COULD SPEAK IT )|D BE PLANNING A TRIP TO &RANCE )
SPOKE IT WELL ) WOULD BE A #%/ #HIEF %XECUTIVE /FlCER HE HAD MORE FREE TIME HE WOULD PLAY TENNIS MORE OFTEN
HE LIKED TO DO IT HE|D SPEAK IT BETTER HE HAD MORE FRIENDS HE|D ENJOY LIVING HERE SHE HAD MORE MONEY
SHE|D BE ABLE TO TRAVEL ABROAD MORE OFTEN
%X 0OSSIBLE ANSWERS HE STUDIED HARDER WOULD LEARN FASTER WOULD PLAN A TRIP TO &RANCE WOULD BUY
A MODERN CAR WOULD VISIT %PCOT #ENTER WOULD DO MORE THINGS EVERY DAY WOULD INVITE HER OUT TO DINNER
HE|D BE A BETTER STUDENT WOULD GO TO THE BEACH HE|D LEARN MORE SHE HAD THE DAY OFF FREE HE
HAD MORE PRACTICE IN CONVERSATION IT WERE NOT SO COLD COULD GO ON A PICNIC
%X IS WOULD WOULD COULD COULD KNEW HAVE COMES HAD MIGHT KNEW
%X 3UGGESTED ANSWERS )|D GO TO )|D DRIVE TO 9ES )|D SPEAK A LOT BETTER 9ES )|D GETTER BETTER MARKS
OF COURSE )|D WOULD VISIT lRST )|D BUY )|D GO TO )|D GO TO !ND )|D /H YES (E|D CERTAINLY SPEAK BETTER
)|D BEGING TO STUDY
#
%X HAD HAD HAD BEEN HAD CALLED HAD WORN HAD KNOWN HAD BEEN HAD GONE HAD TOLD HAD
BEEN
%X WOULD HAVE CAUGHT WOULD HAVE HELPED WOULD HAVE BEEN WOULD HAVE COME WOULD HAVE BEEN
WOULD HAVE WRITTEN WOULD HAVE TOLD WOULD HAVE GONE WOULD HAVE DRIVEN
%X 0OSSIBLE ANSWERS SHE HAD COME SHE WOULD HAVE TAKEN PART IN THE COMPETITION ) HAD HAD IT )|D HAVE
CALLED YOU UP HE HAD BEEN THERE YOU WOULD HAVE SEEN HIM ) HAD BEEN THERE )|D HAVE GONE ON A CRUISE IN THE
#ARIBBEAN ) HAD KNOWN IT ) WOULD HAVE INCLUDED IT IN THE LIST OF GUESTS HE HAD TOLD ME )|D HAVE ACTED DIFFERENTLY
) HAD HAD ONE ) WOULD HAVE DRIVEN TO $ENVER AT #HRISTMASTIME SHE HAD WORE IT SHE WOULDN|T HAVE CAUGHT COLD
) HAD BEEN IN HIS POSITION ) |D HAVE ASKED FOR AN INTERVIEW WITH THE BOSS SHE HAD COME ON TIME SHE WOULDN|T
HAVE MISS THE lRST ACT OF THE OPERA HE HAD SPOKEN IT HE |D HAVE GOTTEN A BETTER JOB
%X )F THE WEATHER WERE NICE THEY WOULD GO TO THE BEACH )F THE WEATHER HAD BEEN NICE THEY WOULD HAVE GONE
TO THE BEACH )F HE HAD TIME HE WOULD GO WITH US )F HE HAD HAD TIME HE WOULD HAVE GONE WITH US )F WERE
FREE NOW ) WOULD CALL YOU UP )F HAD BEEN FREE YESTERDAY ) WOULD HAVE CALLED YOU UP )F COULD DO IT WOULD DO
IT GLADLY )F )|D BEEN ABLE TO DO IT ) |D HAVE DONE IT GLADLY )F HE WERE HERE HE MIGHT HEP US )F HE|D BEEN HERE HE
MIGHT HAVE HELPED US )F ) SAW HER )|D GIVE HER THE MESSAGE )F )|D SEEN HER )|D HAVE GIVEN HER THE MESSAGE )F
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
HE WENT THERE HE WILL LET US KNOW )F HE|D GONE THERE HE WOULD HAVE LET US KNOW )F IT RAINED THEY WOULD STAY AT
HOME )F IT HAD RAINED THEY WOULD HAVE STAYED AT HOME )F HE WORKED HARDER HE WOULD BE PROMOTED )F HE|D
WORKED HARDER HE WOULD HAVE BEEN PROMOTED )F HE HAD THE MONEY HE MIGHT GO WITH US )F HE|D HAD THE MONEY
HE MIGHT HAVE GONE WITH US )F *OHN WERE PRESENT THE MEETING WOULD BE GOOD )F *OHN HAD BEEN PRESENT THE
MEETING WOULD HAVE BEEN GOOD
%X 3UGGESTED ANSWERS WOULD HAVE PHONED YOU HAD BEEN INVITED WOULD BUY A *APANESE CAR
WOULD HAVE HELPED YOU WOULD HAVE )|D HAVE TOLD HIM YOU WERE HERE HAD THE DAY OFF WE HAD ASKED HIM
TO HELP US WOULDN|T HAVE ATTACKED THE TERRITORY BY AIR WOULD WATCH 46 EVERY DAY HE HAD WORKED HARDER
DURING THE TERM WOULD HAVE ATTENDED THE CONFERENCE WOULD GO OUT FOR A WALK WOULD HAVE GONE OUT
FOR A WALK HAD KNOWN IT STARTED TODAY HAD GONE OUT IN THE COLD YESTERDAY EVENING
%X WERE HAD HAD HAD KNOWN RAINS COULD HAVE GONE HAD BEEN WERE WOULD WERE HAD
BEEN COMES WERE GOES HAD EATEN WOULD HAVE COME
%X 3UGGESTED ANSWERS ) WOULD HAVE GONE TO .O ) WOULN|T HAVE GONE ) HATE THE RAIN 9ES ) WOULD HAVE
GONE ALL THE SAME ) LOVE THE RAIN 9ES OF COURSE ) WOULD HAVE GOTTEN A BETTER MARK )|D HAVE GONE TO 9ES )
WOULD HAVE GONE OF COURSE .O ) WOULDN|T HAVE GONE TO THE MOVIES )|D HAVE GONE TO A CONCERT INSTEAD /F COURSE
HE WOULD HAVE GONE (E LOVES SPORTS .O HE WOULDN|T HAVE GONE (E HATES SPORTS 9ES PERHAPS IT WOULD HAVE
BEEN BETTER IF SHE HAD BEEN PRESENT .O IT WOULD HAVE BEEN THE SAME 9ES ) WOULD HAVE CERTAINLY HELPED HIM .O
) WOULDN|T HAVE HELPED HIM ) WAS TOO BUSY AT THAT MOMENT
0!24 ))
!
%X COULD HAD STUDIED WERE HAD GONE WERE WOULD HAD KNOWN WERE HAD HAD HAD
KNEW
%X ) COULD SWIM ) HAD STUDIED IT WERE A HOLIDAY IT HAD BEEN A HOLIDAY IT WERE NICE ) WERE HE WOULD
DO IT SHE WERE HERE ) DIDN|T HAVE TO WORK ) COULD SPEAK IT SHE WERE
%X ) WISH HE HAD GONE WITH US LAST NIGHT ) WISH YOU HAD BEEN ABLE TO GO TO THE OPERA LAST NIGHT ) WISH *OHN
WERE HERE WITH US ) WISH IT WEREN|T RAINING SO HARD ) WISH ) KNEW HER BETTER ) WISH (ELEN COULD GO WITH US TO
THE BEACH ) WISH SHE HAD BEEN ABLE TO GO WITH US TO THE BEACH ) WISH TODAY WERE A HOLIDAY ) WISH YOU COULD
SWIM ) WISH ) WERE ABLE TO SWIM
"
%X WAIT BE BE COME VISIT BE BE GO TAKE
%X ) INSISTED THAT SHE COME SHOULD COME BACK LATER *OHN RECOMMENDED THAT ) TAKE SHOULD TAKE A WALK WITH
HIM (E SUGGESTED THAT ) BE SHOULD BE THERE ON TIME 7E INSISTED THAT THEY GO SHOULD GO WITH US IN OUR CAR
4HE TEACHER RECOMMENDED THAT WE VISIT SHOULD VISIT HER IN HER HOME 4HE OWNER OF THE STORE SUGGESTED THAT ) CALL
SHOULD CALL BACK LATER 4HE TEACHER INSISTED THAT "ILL BE SHOULD BE MORE CAREFUL 7E RECOMMENDED THAT SHE BE
SHOULD BE AT OUR HOME AT EIGHT O|CLOCK (E SUGGESTED THAT ) LEND SHOULD LEND HIM THE MONEY
%X WOULD HAVE TELEPHONED WERE WOULD BEGIN HAD HURRIED WOULD HAVE DONE WOULD HAVE COME
WOULD GO WOULD HAVE GONE WERE HAD BEEN COULD
%X WERE HAD GONE BE COME WERE WOULD COMES ME TO BE SENT MAY BE SLEEPING HAS
BEEN LIVING SAW HAD ALREADY SEEN SITS
%X 0OSSIBLE ANSWERS )|D PREFER TO BE IN GOOD HEALTH OF COURSE )|D PREFER TO BE RICH OF COURSE )|D PREFER TO
SPEAK %NGLISH PERFECTLY )|D PREFER TO TRAVEL TO %UROPE ) THINK )|D PREFER TO OWN A HORSE ) LIKE RIDING HORSES )|D BE
SORRY TO HEAR THAT OF COURSE )|D BE PLEASED TO HEAR THAT OF COURSE )|D BE VERY SORRY TO HEAR THAT OF COURSE )|D
BE VERY SORRY TO HEAR THAT OF COURSE 9OU|D BE VERY WRONG IF YOU SAID THAT OF COURSE 9OU|D BE RIGHT OR WRONG
)T DEPENDS 9OU|D BE WRONG IF YOU SAID THAT -Y %NGLISH IS NOT VERY GOOD
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
5.)4
4(% 2%0/24%$ 30%%#( $)3#523/ $)2%#4/ % ).$)2%#4/
#UANDO DESEAMOS CONTAR A OTRA PERSONA LO QUE ALGUIEN NOS DIJO NOS PREGUNT O NOS ORDEN PIDI O ADVIRTI HACER
PODEMOS UTILIZAR LAS PALABRAS TEXTUALES USADAS POR ESA PERSONA LO QUE EN CASTELLANO SE CONOCE COMO $ISCURSO $IRECTO
O h$IRECT 3PEECHv EN INGLS O PODEMOS REALIZAR ALGUNOS CAMBIOS VERBALES PRONOMINALES O ADVERBIALES PARA RESPETAR
LA CONCORDACIA DE LOS TIEMPOS VERBALES Y LA CORRESPONDENCIA DE LOS PRONOMBRES Y LAS EXPRESIONES DE TIEMPO O LUGAR LO
QUE SE CONOCE COMO $ISCURSO )NDIRECTO EN CASTELLANO O )NDIRECT 3PEECH EN INGLS %S NECESARIO REVISAR LA REGLA DE LA
CONCORDANCIA DE LOS TIEMPOS VERBALES ESTUDIADAS EN LA 5NIDAD
*OHN SAID h)|M VERY BUSY h $IRECT 3PEECH
*OHN SAID TO US h) LIKE .EW 9ORKv $IRECT 3PEECH
*OHN SAID THAT HE WAS VERY BUSY )NDIRECT 3PEECH
*OHN TOLD US THAT HE LIKED .EW 9ORK )NDIRECT 3PEECH
) $)3#523/ ).$)2%#4/ #/. /2!#)/.%3 !&)2-!4)6!3 / .%'!4)6!3
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OTROS SON OPTATIVOSS DEPENDIENDO SI ENTRE LO QUE SE DIJO Y LO QUE ESTAMOS CONTANDO HA HABIDO CAMBIOS DE ORDEN
CRONLOGICO TIEMPO O GEOGRlCO LUGAR
#AMBIOS 6ERBALES OBLIGATORIOS
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(E SAID h)|M WORKING VERY HARDv
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(E SAID THAT HE ALWAYS WORKED HARD
(E SAID h) HAVE WORKED VERY HARDv
(E SAID THAT HE HAD WORKED VERY HARD
(E SAID h) WORKED VERY HARDv
(E SAID THAT HE HAD WORKED VERY HARD
(E SAID h) WILL WORK HARD ALL DAYv
(E SAID THAT HE WOULD WORK HARD ALL DAY
(E SAID h) CAN USE A COMPUTERv
(E SAID THAT HE COULD USE A COMPUTER
(E SAID h) MUST DO THE JOB WELLv
(E SAID THAT HE HAD TO DO THE JOB WELL
(E SAID h)T MAY RAIN AGAINv
(E SAID THAT IT MIGHT RAIN AGAIN
(E SAID h) HAVE TO DO THAT AGAINv
(E SAID THAT HE HAD TO DO THAT AGAIN
#AMBIOS DE ORDEN CRONOLGICO O GEOGRlCO /PTATIVOS
.OW 4HEN
4ODAY 4HAT DAY 9ESTERDAY
4HIS 4HAT
4HESE 4HOSE
9ESTERDAY 4HE DAY BEFORE 4HE PREVIOUS DAY
(E SAID h)|M BUSY NOWv
(E SAID THAT HE WAS BUSY THEN
(E SAID h)|M BUSY TODAYv
(E SAID THAT HE WAS BUSY THAT DAY YESTERDAY
(E SAID h)|M BUSY AT THIS MOMENTv
(E SAID THAT HE WAS BUSY AT THAT MOMENT
(E SAID h) LIKE THESE BOOKSv
(E SAID THAT LIKED THOSE BOOKS
(E SAID h) WAS BUSY YESTERDAYv
(E SAID THAT HE HAD BEEN BUSY THE DAY BEFORE
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
4OMORROW 4HE FOLLOWING DAY
(E SAID h)|LL BE BUSY TOMORROWv
(E SAID THAT HE WOULD BE BUSY THE FOLLOWING DAY
(E SAID h)|M VERY HAPPY HEREv
(E SAID THAT HE WAS VERY HAPPY THERE
(E SAID h)|M VERY BUSY TONIGHTv
(E SAID THAT SHE WAS VERY BUSY THAT NIGHT
(E SAID h) WAS VERY BUSY LAST NIGHTv
(E SAID THAT HE|D BEEN VERY BUSY THE PREVIOUS NIGHT
(ERE 4HERE
4ONIGHT ,AST NIGHT
,AST NIGHT 4HE NIGHT BEFORE 4HE PREVIOUS NIGHT
.OTE QUE CUANDO SE NOMBRAN A LAS DOS PERSONAS QUE INTERVINIERON EN LA CONVERSACIN SEGN VIMOS EN LA 5NIDAD
SE DEBE USAR 4/,$ EN VEZ DE 3!)$
"OB SAID h) LIKE .EW 9ORKv
"OB TOLD US THAT HE LIKED .EW 9ORK
)) $)3#523/ ).$)2%#4/ #/. 02%'5.4!3
#UANDO SE DESEA EXPRESAR UN PREGUNTA EN EL DISCURSO INDIRECTO NO SE DEBE MANTENER LA ESTRUCTURA NEGATIVA 6- 3 60
EN LA CLUSULA SUBORDINADA SINO QUE SE DEBE USAR LA ESTRUCTURA AlRMATIVA 3 6- 60
*OHN ASKED ME h7HERE DOES -ARY LIVE v
*OHN ASKED ME WHERE -ARY LIVED
4HE TEACHER ASKED THE STUDENTS h7HY IS "OB ABSENT TODAY v
4HE TEACHER ASKED THE STUDENTS WHY "OB WAS ABSENT TODAY
"OB ASKED ME h$O YOU LIKE .EW 9ORK v
"OB ASKED ME WHETHER IF ) LIKED .EW 9ORK
"OB ASKED HIS FRIENDS h7ILL YOU COME TO MY PARTY v
"OB ASKED HIS FRIENDS WHETHER IF THEY WOULD COME TO HIS PARTY
))) $)3#523/ ).$)2%#4/ #/. /2$%.%3 2%15%2)-)%.4/3 !$6%24%.#)!3 %4#
#UANDO SE DESEA EXPRESAR UNA ORDEN UN REQUERIMIENTO ADVERTENCIA ETC EN EL DISCURSO INDIRECTO SE DEBE USAR LA
SIGUIENTE ESTRUCTURA
3UBJECT
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ME
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%X #HANGE FROM DIRECT TO INDIRECT FORM
*OHN SAID h) HAVE TO WORK TONIGHTv
-ARY SAID TO ME @) WILL BE BACK LATERv
-R 3MITH SAID h7E MAY HAVE AN EXAMv
(E SAID h) HAVE NO MONEYv
4HE DOCTOR SAID h*OHN IS A VERY SICK MANv
-ARY SAID TO ME h) CANNOT GO WITH YOU TONIGHTv
(E SAID h) HOPE SHE COMES SOONv
(E SAID hL HAVE KNOWN HIM A LONG TIMEv
-R 3MITH SAID h7E WILL lNISH THIS TOMORROWv
(E SAID h) DONT KNOW HER WELLv
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
*OHN SAID THAT HE HAD TO WORK TONIGHT
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3HE SAID h) AM GOING AWAY TOMORROWv
(E SAID TO ME h(E IS SUPPOSED TO BE HERE NOWv
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%X #HANGE FROM DIRECT TO INDIRECT FORM
-ARY ASKED h7HERE DOES *OHN LIVE v
-ARY ASKED WHERE *OHN LIVED
(ELEN SAID TO ME h(OW LONG HAVE YOU LIVED HERE ???????????????????????????????????????????????????
-R 3MITH ASKED US h$O YOU UNDERSTAND THIS EXERCISE v ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
) ASKED *OHN h7HAT TIME IS IT v
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E ASKED ME h$O YOU HAVE TO WORK TONIGHT v
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*OHN SAID hLS IT RAINING v
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(E SAID TO ME h!RE YOU GOING TO THE MOVIES WITH US v ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
4HE TEACHER ASKED h$ID YOU SEE THAT DOCUMENTARY v ???????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E ASKED ME h7HEN ARE YOU LEAVING FOR %UROPE ???????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E ASKED ME h7HAT DOES THE WORD MEAN v
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
) ASKED HIM h7HEN DID YOU READ THAT BOOK v
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(E SAID TO ME h(OW ARE YOU TODAY v
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
) ASKED HER hLS *OHN HERE v
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3HE SAID TO HIM h$O YOU LIKE MY NEW HAT v
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) ASKED HER h7HERE IS IT v
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%XERCISE #HANGE TO INDIRECT FORM
*OHN SAID TO ME h7AIT lVE MINUTES FOR MEv
*OHN TOLD ME TO WAIT lVE MINUTES FOR HIM
4HE TEACHER SAID TO US h$ONT WRITE IN PENCILv
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???????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E SAID TO ME h$ONT MAKE THE SAME MISTAKE AGAINv ???????????????????????????????????????????????????
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???????????????????????????????????????????????????
3 (E SAID TO ME h$ONT FORGET WHAT ) TOLD YOUv
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E BEGGED ME @0LEASE SEND ME THE MONEY AT ONCEv ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
(E ASKED ME h3IT DOWN FOR A FEW MINUTESv
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X #HANGE THE FOLLOWING IMPERATIVE SENTENCES TO INDIRECT FORM "EGIN EACH ONE WITH 4(% 4%!#(%2 4/,$ -%
3IT IN THE lRST ROW
7AIT OUTSIDE IN THE HALL
#OME BACK LATER
$O YOUR EXERCSES IN INK
'IVE THIS MESSAGE TO -RS 3MITH
$ONT WASTE SO MUCH TIME
$ONT LOOK AT YOUR NEIGHBORS PAPER
3IT UP STRAGHT
'O TO THE WHITEBOARD
4AKE YOUR FEET OFF THE DESK
0REPARE YOUR LESSONS MORE CAREFULLY
3IT DOWN AND READ THE STORY
4HE TEACHER TOLD ME TO SIT IN THE lRST ROW
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
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%X !NSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN INDIRECT FORM "EGIN EACH ANSWER WITH THE WORDS GIVEN IN PARENTHESES
AFTER THE QUESTION
7HERE|S *OHN ) DONT KNOW
)S HE IN THE BUILDING 3HE WANTS TO KNOW
7HERE DOES SHE LIVE #AN YOU TELL ME
)S HE A GOOD STUDENT )|M NOT SURE
(OW MUCH DOES IT COST (E WANTS TO KNOW
7HERE IS SHE GOING 3HE DIDNT SAY
) DONT KNOW WHERE *OHN IS
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
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???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
(OW IS HE GETTING ALONG 3HE WANTS TO KNOW
(OW IS HE GETTING ALONG -RS *ONES WANTED TO KNOW ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
)S THE ELEVATOR OUT OF ORDER #AN YOU TELL ME
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
7HERE IS HE NOW #AN YOU TELL ME
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
)S -R 3MITH HERE )D LIKE TO KNOW
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
7HEN WILL HE GET BACK )|D LIKE TO lND OUT
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
(OW TALL IS HE ) DONT KNOW
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
)S HE VERY TALL ) REALLY DONT KNOW
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
7HERE DOES HE LIVE !SK HIM
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X #HANGE FROM INDIRECT TO DIRECT FORM
(E SAID HE WAS BUSY
(E ASKED ME WHERE ) LIVED
(E ASKED HER WHETHER SHE LIKED .EW 9ORK
3HE SAID SHE WAS GOING OUT OF TOWN
3HE SAID HER LAST NAME WAS 3MITH
3HE SAID HER MAIDEN NAME HAD BEEN *ONES
(E TOLD ME NOT TO WAIT FOR HIM
(E SAID THAT HE COULD NOT MEET US
(E ASKED HOW MUCH IT COST
(E TOLD HER TO LEAVE THE ROOM
(E ASKED WHETHER ) HAD MAILED THE LETTER
(E SAID HE WOULD BE BACK SOON
(E SAID h) AM BUSYv
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
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???????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X #HOOSE THE CORRECT FORM
(E ASKED ME WHERE ) LIVE LIVED
) DONT KNOW WHETHER ) CAN CAN ) DO IT
#AN YOU TELL ME WHAT TIME IT IS IS IT
(E SAID HE WILL WOULD COME HERE SOON
(E TOLD ME SAID TO ME THAT HE WAS BUSY
(E ASKED ME WHAT TIME IT IS WAS
) ASKED HIM WHAT THE WORD MEANS MEANT
) ASKED HER WHETHER SHE IS WAS MARRIED
)D LIKE TO KNOW WHERE IS IT IT IS
(E SAID HE CAN COULD MEET US EASILY
)|M NOT SURE WHETHER HE IS IS HE HERE NOW
(E DIDNT SAY WHERE HE IS WAS GOING
(E ASKED ME WHERE ) LIVED
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
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???????????????????????????????????????????????????
%X !NSWER THESE QUESTIONS
7HY DID *OHN TELL YOU TO WAIT FOR HIM AFTER THE LESSON
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7HAT EXERCISE DID THE TEACHER TELL YOU TO PREPARE FOR TOMORROWS LESSON
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7HY DID YOU ASK -ARY WHAT TIME IT WAS
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7HERE DID 7ILLIAM ASK YOU TO MEET HIM TONIGHT
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7HY DID THE MOTHER WARN THE CHILD NOT TO CROSS THE STREET
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7HY DOESNT (ENRY KNOW WHETHER OR NOT HE CAN GO TO THE PARTY TONIGHT
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
$ID *OHN SAY THAT HE HAD OR HAD NOT SEEN THAT MOVIE
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
$ID 'RACE TELL YOU WHETHER OR NOT SHE HAD ENJOYED THE PARTY
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
"!3)# 6/#!"5,!29
6ERBOS PRINCIPALES 6ERBOS 2EGULARES E )RREGULARES
4ODOS LOS VERBOS PRINCIPALES TIENEN CUATRO FORMAS EL INlNITIVO EL PASADO EL PASADO PARTICIPIO EL GERUNDIO 3EGN LA MANERA
EN QUE FORMAN EL PASADO Y EL PASADO PARTICIPIO LOS VERBOS PRINCIPALES SE CLASIlCAN EN DOS GRUPOS 6ERBOS 2EGULARES Y
6ERBOS )RREGULARES 3ON VERBOS REGULARES AQUELLOS QUE AGREGAN $ %$ PARA FORMAR EL PASADO Y EL PASADO PARTICIPIO ,OS
QUE NO LO HACEN AS SE LLAMAN 6ERBOS )RREGULARES
%SCUCHE LEA Y APRENDA
.OSOTROS TRABAJAMOS DURO TODOS LOS DAS
7E WORK HARD EVERY DAY W WRK HRD VRI DEI
.OSOTROS TRABAJAMOS ARDUAMENTE AYER
7E WORKED HARD YESTERDAY W WRKT HRD ISTERDI
.OSOTROS HEMOS TRABAJADO DURO ESTE AO
7E HAVE WORKED HARD THIS YEAR W HAV WRKT HRD IS AR
.OSOTROS ESTAMOS TRABAJANDO DURO AHORA
7E ARE WORKING HARD NOW WR WRKI HARD NU
4HEY SPEAK 3PANISH AT HOME I SPK SPNISH AT HUM
4HEY SPOKE %NGLISH IN CLASS I SPUK GLISH IN KLS
4HEY HAVE ALWAYS SPOKEN 3PANISH I HAV LWEIZ SPUKN SPNISH
4HEY ARE SPEAKING %NGLISH NOW IR SPKI GLISH NU
%LLOS HABLAN ESPAOL EN CASA
%LLOS HABLARON INGLS EN LA CLASE
%LLOS SIEMPRE HAN HABLADO ESPAOL
%LLOS ESTN HABLANDO INGLS AHORA
! 6ERBOS REGULARES DE USO FRECUENTE
)NlNITIVE
4O WATCH WOTCH
4O WORK WERK
4O LOVE LAV
4O PLAY PLEI
4O STUDY STDI
4O lT lT
4O STOP STOP
4O GUIDE GID
4O REPEAT RIPT
0AST
WATCHED WOTCHT
WORKED WERKT
LOVED LAVD
PLAYED PLID
STUDIED STDID
lTTED FTID
STOPPED STOPT
GUIDED GIDID
REPEATED RIPTID
0AST 0ART
WATCHED WOTCHT
WORKED WERKT
LOVED LAVD
PLAYED PLID
STUDIED STDID
lTTED FTID
STOPPED STOPT
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REPEATED RIPTID
'ERUND
WATCHING WTCHI
WORKING WRKI
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PLAYING PLI
STUDYING STDII
lTTING lTI
STOPPING STOPI
GUIDING GIDI
REPEATING RIPTI
3PANISH
OBSERVAR
TRABAJAR
AMAR
JUGAR
ESTUDIAR
CALZAR
DETENER
GUIAR
REPETIR
./4!3
,OS VERBOS TERMINADOS EN
Y PRECEDIDA DE UNA VOCAL DEBEN AGREGAR
ED MIENTRAS QUE LOS QUE TERMINAN EN
Y PRECEDIDA DE CONSONANTE
DEBEN TRANSFORMAR LA
Y EN
IED
,A MAYORA DE LOS VERBOS QUE TIENEN LA CONBINACIN CONSONANTE VOCAL CONSONANTE O CONS CONS VOCAL CONS DEBEN DUPLICAR LA LTIMA
CONSONANTE ANTES DE AGREGAR
ED
!QUELLOS VERBOS REGULARES TERMINADOS EN
T
TE
D
DE DEBEN AGREGAR
DED Y ESE SUlJO SE PRONUNCIA ID Y ES UNA SLABA MS lT lT
lTTED lTID DECIDE DISID DECIDED DISIDID REQUEST RIKWST REQUESTED RIKWSTID
)NlNITIVE
4O ANSWER NSER
4O ARRIVE ARRIV
4O ASK ASK
4O CARRY KRRI
4O CLEAN KLIN
4O CLOSE KLUZ
4O DRY DRI
4O ENJOY ENDLLI
4O lNISH FNISH
4O HATE HEIT
4O HELP HLP
4O HOPE HUP
4O INVITE INVIT
4O LISTEN LSN
4O LOCATE LOUKIT
4O LOOK LUK
0AST 4ENSE PAST 0ARTICIPLE
ANSWERED NSERD
ARRIVED ARRIVD
ASKED ASKT
CARRIED KRRID
CLEANED KLIND
CLOSED KLUZD
DRIED DRID
ENJOYED ENDLLID
lNISHED FNISHT
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ESCUCHAR
UBICAR LOCALIZAR
MIRAR
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
4O LOVE LV
4O NEED NID
4O OFFER FER
4O PREFER PRIFAR
4O RAIN REIN
4O RECEIVE RISV
4O REMEMBER RIMMBER
4O REPAIR RIPAR
4O REPEAT RIPT
4O REQUEST RIKWST
4O SMOKE SMUK
4O START START
4O STAY STI
4O STUDY STDI
4O SUGGEST SADLLST
4O TALK TOK
4O TRY TRI
4O USE IZ
4O VISIT VZIT
4O WAIT WEIT
4O WALK WOK
4O WANT WONT
4O WASH WOSH
4O WATCH WOTCH
4O WISH WISH
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NEEDED NDID
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REPEATED RIPTID
REQUESTED RIKWSTID
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STARTED STRTID
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VISITED VZITID
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AMAR GUSTAR
NECESITAR
OFRECER
PREFERIR
LLOVER
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RECORDAR
REPARAR ARREGLAR
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FUMAR
COMENZAR PARTIR
QUEDARSE PERMANECER
ESTUDIAR
SUGERIR
CONVERSAR
TRATAR ESFORZARSE
USAR UTILIZAR
VISITAR
ESPERAR ATENDER
CAMINAR
QUERER
LAVAR
OBSERVAR MIRAR
DESEAR
TRABAJAR FUNCIONAR
" 6ERBOS IRREGULARES DE USO FRECUENTE
)NlNITIVE
4O BEGIN BIGN
4O BRING BRI
4O BUILD BILD
4O BUY BI
4O COME KAM
4O CUT KAT
4O DO DU
4O DRINK DRIK
4O DRIVE DRIV
4O EAT IT
4O FALL FOL
4O FEEL lL
4O lND FIND
4O FORGET FORGT
4O GET GET
4O GIVE GIV
4O GO GU
4O HAVE HV
4O HEAR HAR
4O KEEP KIP
4O KNOW NU
4O LEARN LERN
4O LEAVE LIV
4O LEND LEND
4O LOSE LZ
4O MAKE MEIK
4O MEET MIT
0AST 4ENSE
BEGAN BIGN
BROUGHT BROT
BUILT BILT
BOUGHT BOT
CAME KIM
CUT KAT
DID DID
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DROVE DRUV
ATE EIT
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FELT FELT
FOUND FUND
FORGOT FORGT
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KEPT KEPT
KNEW NI
LEARNT
LERNT
LEFT LFT
LENT LENT
LOST LOST
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MET MET
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
0AST 0ARTICIPLE
BEGUN BIGN
BROUGHT BROT
BUILT BILT
BOUGHT BOT
COME KAM
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4O RUN RAN
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4O SEND SEND
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4O SHUT SHAT
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4O SING SI
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4O SIT SIT
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4O SLEEP SLIP
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4O SPEAK SPIK
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4O SPEND SPND
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4O STAND UP STND AP
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4O SWIM SWIM
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4O TAKE TIK
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4O TELL TEL
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4O THINK IK
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WORE WOR
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ENTENDER COMPRENDER
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ESCRIBIR
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
"L
+EY TO ANSWERS
5.)4
%X -ARY TOLD ME THAT SHE WOULD BE BACK LATER -R 3MITH SAID THAT WE MIGHT HAVE AN EXAMINATION (E
SAID THAT HE HAD NO MONEY 4HE DOCTOR SAID THAT *OHN WAS A VERY SICK MAN -ARY TOLD ME THAT SHE COULD NOT
GO WITH ME TONIGHT (E SAID THAT HE HOPED SHE CAME SOON (E SAID THAT HE HAD KNOWN HIM A LONG TIME -R
3MITH SAID THAT WE WOULD lNISH THIS TOMORROW (E SAID THAT HE DIDN|T KNOW HER WELL 3HE SAID THAT SHE WAS
GOING AWAY TOMORROW (E TOLD ME THAT HE WAS SUPPOSED TO BE HERE NOW
%X (ELEN ASKED ME HOW LONG ) HAD LIVED HERE -R 3MITH ASKED US WHETHER IF WE UNDERSTOOD THIS EXERCISE
) ASKED *OHN WHAT TIME IT WAS (E ASKED ME WHETHER IF ) HAD TO WORK TONIGHT *OHN ASKED WHETHER IF IT
WAS RAINING (E ASKED ME WHETHER IF ) WAS GOING TO THE MOVIES WITH THEM 4HE TEACHER ASKED WHETHER IF ) HAD
SEEN THAT DOCUMENTARY (E ASKED ME WHEN ) WAS LEAVING FOR %UROPE (E ASKED ME WHAT THE WORD MEANT )
ASKED HIM WHEN HE HAD READ THAT BOOK (E ASKED ME HOW ) WAS TODAY ) ASKED HER WHETHER IF *OHN WAS HERE
3HE ASKED HIM WHETHER IF HE LIKED HER NEW HAT ) ASKED HER WHERE IT WAS
%X 4HE TEACHER TOLD ME NOT TO WRITE IN PENCIL ) TOLD HIM TO BE MORE CAREFUL (E POLITELY ASKED ME NOT TO BE
LATE (E ASKED ME TO TRY TO COME ON TIME (E TOLD ME NOT TO MAKE THE SAME MISTAKE AGAIN (E WARNED THE
CHILD NOT TO CROSS THE ROAD (E TOLD ME NOT TO FORGET WHAT HE HAD TOLD ME (E BEGGED ME TO SEND HIM THE MONEY
AT ONCE (E ASKED ME TO SIT DOWN FOR A FEW MINUTES
%X 4HE TEACHER TOLD ME TO WAIT OUTSIDE IN THE HALL 4HE TEACHER TOLD ME TO COME BACK LATER 4HE TEACHER TOLD
ME TO DO MY EXERCISES IN INK 4HE TEACHER TOLD ME TO GIVE THIS MESSAGE TO -RS 3MITH 4HE TEACHER TOLD ME NOT
TO WASTE SO MUCH TIME 4HE TEACHER TOLD ME NOT TO LOOK AT MY NEIGHBOR|S PAPER 4HE TEACHER TOLD ME TO SIT UP
STRAIGHT 4HE TEACHER TOLD ME TO GO TO THE WHITEBOARD 4HE TEACHER TOLD ME TO TAKE MY FEET OFF THE DESK 4HE
TEACHER TOLD ME TO PREPARE MY LESSONS MORE CAREFULLY 4HE TEACHER TOLD ME TO SIT DOWN AND READ THE STORY
%X 3HE WANTS TO KNOW WHETHER IF HE IS IN THE BUILDING #AN YOU TELL ME WHERE SHE LIVES )|M NOT SURE
WHETHER IF HE IS A GOOD STUDENT (E WANTS TO KNOW HOW MUCH IT COSTS 3HE DIDN|T SAY WHERE SHE WAS GOING
3HE WANTS TO KNOW HOW HE IS GETTING ALONG -RS *ONES WANTED TO KNOW HOW HE WAS GETTING ALONG #AN YOU TELL
ME WHETHER IF THE ELEVATOR IS OUT OF ORDER #AN YOU TELL ME WHERE HE IS NOW )|D LIKE TO KNOW WHETHER IF -R
3MITH IS HERE )|D LIKE TO lND OUT WHEN HE|LL GET BACK ) DON|T KNOW HOW TALL HE IS ) REALLY DON|T KNOW WHETHER
IF HE|S VERY TALL !SK HIM WHERE HE LIVES
%X (E ASKED ME h7HERE DO YOU LIVE v (E ASKED HER h$O YOU LIKE .EW 9ORK v 3HE SAID h)|M GOING OUT OF
TOWNv 3HE SAID h-Y LAST NAME|S 3MITH 3HE SAID h-Y MAIDEN NAME WAS *ONES (E SAID TO ME h$ON|T WAIT
FOR MEv (E SAID h) CAN|T MEET YOU v (E ASKED h(OW MUCH DOES IT COST v (E SAID TO HER h,EAVE THE ROOM h
(E ASKED ME h$ID YOU MAIL THE LETTER v (E SAID h)|LL BE BACK SOONv
%X ) CAN IT IS WOULD TOLD ME WAS MEANT WAS IT IS COULD HE IS WAS
%X 0OSSIBLE !NSWERS "ECAUSE HE WANTED TO TELL ME ABOUT HIS NEW PLANS (E TOLD ME TO WRITE A SHORT STORY IN
%NGLISH "ECAUSE ) WANTED TO KNOW WHAT TIME IT WAS AND ) DIDN|T HAVE A WATCH (E ASKED ME TO MEET HIM OUTSIDE
THE STATION "ECAUSE THERE WAS TOO MUCH TRAFlC AT THAT TIME "ECAUSE HE THINKS HE|LL HAVE TO WORK TILL LATE TONIGHT
(E SAID HE|D SEEN IT 3HE SAID SHE HADN|T ENJOYED IT
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
"L
5.)4
53%&5, %.',)3( 0(2!3%3 !.$ %802%33)/.3 ). %.',)3( &/2 42!6%,,%23
&RASES Y EXPRESIONES TILES EN INGLS PARA VIAJEROS
! !T A SOCIAL GATHERING EN UNA REUNION SOCIAL
(ALLO(ELLO(I
'OOD MORNING
'OOD AFTERNOON
'OOD EVENING
'OOD BYE"YE BYE
'OOD NIGHT
3EE YOU LATER
3EE YOU TOMORROW
3EE YOU THIS EVENING
4HANK YOU4HANK YOU VERY MUCH
9OU|RE WELCOME
(OW ARE YOU TODAY
)|M VERY WELL THANK YOU
)|M lNE THANKS AND HOW ARE YOU
)|M NOT VERY WELL )|M AFRAID
(OW DO YOU DO -Y NAME IS
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)|D LIKE YOU TO MEET -R-RS-ISS#APTAIN$OCTOR
4HIS IS -R-RS-ISS#APTAIN$OCTOR
0LEASED TO MEET YOU
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)|M SORRY
)|M SORRY )|M LATE
)|M AFRAID
)|M AFRAID ) DON|T KNOW
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7HAT|S YOUR lRST NAME
7HAT|S YOUR SURNAMELAST NAME
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)|M AN ARMY OFlCER
7HAT IS YOUR RANK
$O YOU SPEAK &RENCH'ERMAN)TALIAN
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)|M SORRY ) DON|T UNDERSTAND &RENCH
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(AVE YOU GOT ANY CHILDREN
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7HERE DO YOU COME FROM
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7HICH HOTEL ARE YOU STAYING AT
7HAT|S YOUR ROOM NUMBER
HALUHAI
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S IU LITER
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0AUTA DE %VALUACIN
3CORING 0UNTAJE
,ISTENING 0ART
2EADING 0ART
/VERALL 3CORE
9OUR SCORE X ??????
9OUR SCORE X ??????
9OUR OVERALL SCORE ??????
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
"L
"!3)# %.',)3( '2!--!2 3425#452%3 !.$ 6/#!"5,!29
! 3(/24 #/523% ). %.',)3( &/2 !$5,4
!33%33-%.4 4%34
15%34)/. "//+,%4 #UADERNILLO DE 0REGUNTAS
! ,)34%.).' 0!24
)NSTRUCCIONES PARA LAS PREGUNTAS
5D OIR ORACIONES INCOMPLETAS %N CADA CASO 5D DEBER ELEGIR LA ALTERNATIVA !
" # O $ QUE COMPLETE EN MEJOR FORMA LA ORACIN LEDA POR EL EXAMINADOR 5NA VEZ ELEGIDA LA ALTERNATIVA CORRECTA 5D
DEBER CONSIGNARLA MARCANDO UNA 8 SOBRE LA LETRA CORRESPONDIENTE EN SU (/*! $% 2%305%34!3 .O ESCRIBA EN ESTE
CUADERNILLO
! WHO 0ETER SENT -ARY LAST WEEK
" WHOM 0ETER SENT -ARY LAST WEEK
# WHICH 0ETER SENT -ARY LAST WEEK
$ WHOSE 0ETER SENT -ARY LAST WEEK
! A LITTLE BORED
" QUITE BUSY AT THE MOMENT
# VERY ILL NOW
$ TOO LATE RIGHT NOW
! OPENS THE DOOR NOW
" IS TRYING TO OPEN THE DOOR NOW
# HAVE JUST OPENED THE DOOR
$ WANTS OPEN THE DOOR NOW
! TOO MUCH DIFlCULT FOR HIM
" TOO DIFlCULT FOR HIM
# SO MUCH DIFlCULT FOR HIM
$ A FEW DIFlCULT FOR HIM
! CAN BE THERE NOW
" WERE THERE EARLIER
# WILL BE THERE ON TIME
$ HAD TO BE THERE VERY QUICKLY
! CAN SEE A DOCTOR TODAY
" MAY SEE A DOCTOR TODAY
# OUGHT TO SEE A DOCTOR TODAY
$ MIGHT SEE A DOCTOR TODAY
! KNOW HER NEW ADDRESS
" WOULD KNOW HER NEW ADDRESS
# KNEW HER NEW ADDRESS
$ SHOULD KNOW HER NEW ADDRESS
! ANYWHERE THAT DAY
" EVERYWHERE THAT DAY
# NOWHERE THAT DAY
$ SOMEWHERE THAT DAY
! WAS BEEN STOLEN
" WAS STEALING
# HAD STOLEN
$ HAD BEEN STOLEN
! ARE BETTER TO GO BY TAXI
" SHOULD TO GO BY TAXI
# WOULD RATHER GO BY TAXI
$ HAD BETTER GO BY TAXI
! HE ALWAYS WORKS HARD
" HE OFTEN WORKS HARD
# HE SELDOM WORKS HARD
$ HE WORKS HARD AS A RULE
! WONT BE ALLOWED TO SEE IT WELL
" WONT BE ABLE TO SEE IT WELL
# WONT CAN SEE IT WELL
$ WONT BE POSSIBLE TO SEE IT WELL
! HAD DINNER THAT EVENING
" ARE HAVING DINNER THAT EVENING
# HAVE BEEN HAVING DINNER THAT EVENING
$ WERE HAVING DINNER THAT EVENING
! GIVE HIM YOUR MESSAGE
" WILL GIVE TO HIM YOUR MESSAGE
# AM GOING TO GIVE HIM YOUR MESSAGE
$ GIVE YOUR MESSAGE TO HIM
! h(OW EXPENSIVE IT ISv
" h7HAT EXPENSIVE IT ISv
# h(OW EXPENSIVE WATCH IS ITv
$ h7HAT EXPENSIVE WATCH IS ITv
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
)NSTRUCCIONES PARA LAS PREGUNTAS
5D OIR ORACIONES COMPLETAS ESTA VEZ $ESPUS DE CADA ORACIN 5_ OIR UNA
PREGUNTA Y DEBER ELEGIR LA ALTERNATIVA ! " # $ QUE LA CONTESTE EN MEJOR FORMA UNA VEZ ELEGIDA LA ALTERNATIVA CORRECTA
DEBER CONSIGNARLA MARCANDO UNA 8 SOBRE LA LETRA CORRESPONDIENTE EN SU (/*! $% 2%305%34!3 .O ESCRIBA EN ESTE
CUADERNILLO
! /N HIS WAY TO THE OFlCE
" ,ATER IN THE DAY
# !WAY FROM THE OFlCE
$ !T ONCE
! (E WAS AWAY ALMOST ALL DAY
" (E WAS WORKING AT HOME ALL DAY
# (E WAS RESTING ALL DAY
$ (E WAS AWAY ALL DAY LONG
! $IDNT FORGET
" $IDNT CARE MUCH
# $IDNT MAKE A DECISION
$ $IDNT REMEMBER
!(E HAD NO TIME TO TRAVEL
" (E DIDNT LIKE HOTELS VERY MUCH
# (E WANTED TO SAVE MONEY
$ (E WOULD MISS HIS FAMILY
! ! POLITE PERSON
" ! KIND PERSON
# ! DULL PERSON
$ ! SOCIABLE PERSON
! (E HASNT STUDIED HER WELL
" (E DOESNT SEE HER SO OFTEN
# (E S ONLY SEEN HER ONCE OR TWICE
$ (E HASNT TOLD US MUCH ABOUT HER
! 3HELL CALL THE ROLL
" 3HELL RING THEM UP
# 3HELL SHOW THEM A MAP
$ 3HELL GO AND SEE THEM
! "ECAUSE THEY LIKE THE RAIN
" "ECAUSE THEY LIKE SHOPPING
# "ECAUSE ITS A BUSY LITTLE TOWN
$ "ECAUSE ITS A QUIET AND PLEASANT PLACE
! (E REMEMBERED HE HAD A FRIEND
" (E VISITED A FRIEND HE HAD MET AT THE AIRPORT
# (E STAYED IN THE GARDEN ALL MORNING
$ (E DROVE TO THE AIRPORT TO PICK UP A FRIEND
! (E HAS TO DECIDE WHAT TO DO SOON
" (E MUST ORDER SOMEONE TO DO THE JOB
# (E HAS TO WORK IN THE EVENINGS TOO
$ (E MUST lNISH THE JOB SOMETIME
! 4HEY ARE A LITTLE YOUNGER
" 4HEY ARE YEARS ALTOGETHER
# 4HEY ARE YEARS OLD
$ 4HEY ARE A DIFFERENT AGE
! 4HEY HAD DINNER AT THE RESTAURANT
" 4HEY WENT SOMEWHERE ELSE TOGETHER
# 4HEY ATTENDED A MEETING AT THE CLUB
$ 4HEY DECIDED TO GO HOME EARLY
! 4HERE WERE TOO MANY PEOPLE THERE
" 4HE WEATHER WAS AWFUL
# )T WAS A VERY CROWDED PLACE
$ 4HEY MET PEOPLE AND WENT ON SIGHTSEEING TOURS
! (E WANTED TO TAKE A WALK
" 4HE BUSES WERE CROWDED AT THAT TIME
# (E WANTED TO GET HOME MORE SAFELY
$ (E PREFERRED TO GO HOME BY TAXI
! 4HEY GO THERE FROM TIME TO TIME
" 4HEY GO THERE WHEN THEY HAVE TIME
# 4HEY GO THERE WHEN THEY WANT TO HAVE FUN
$ 4HEY GO THERE ONLY WHEN THE WEATHERS lNE
)NSTRUCCIONES PARA LAS PREGUNTAS 5D OIR ORACIONES COMPLETAS Y EN CADA CASO DEBER ELEGIR LA ALTERNATIVA ! "
# O $ QUE TEN GA EL SIGNIlCADO MS PARECIDO A LA ORACIN LEDA POR EL EXAMINADOR 5NA VEZ QUE HAYA ELEGIDO LA ALTERNATIVA
CORRECTA DEBER CONSIGNARLA EN SU (/*! $% 2%305%34!3 .O ESCRIBA EN ESTE CUADERNILLO
! (E HATES TO BE AT HOME DURING THE DAY
" (ES HAPPY WHEN HE CAN STAY AT HOME ALL DAY
# (E DOESNT FEEL LIKE GOING OUT TODAY
$ (ED BETTER STAY AT HOME ALL DAY TODAY
! (E CAME TO LIVE IN THIS HOUSE VERY RECENTLY
" (E LIVED IN THIS HOUSE UNTIL RECENTLY
# (E BECAME ACCUSTOMED TO LIVING IN THIS HOUSE QUICKLY
$ (E USED ALL HIS MONEY QUICKLY WHILE HE WAS LIVING THERE
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
! (E COULD NOT HELP AT THE RECEPTION
" (E SHOULD HAVE GONE TO THE RECEPTION
# (E WASNT ALLOWED TO ATTEND THE RECEPTION
$ (E WASNT ABLE TO GO TO THE RECEPTION
! -ARY TOUCHED HIM AS SOON AS SHE SAW HIM
" -ARY WAS VERY SURPRISED TO SEE HIM SO SOON
# -ARY TELEPHONED HIM AFTER SHE GOT THERE
$ -ARY WAS WELCOMED BY HIM AT THE RAILWAY STATION
! 0AUL IS TOO YOUNG TO GO ABROAD ALONE
" 0AUL IS TOO YOUNG TO HAVE THAT KIND OF TROUBLE
# 0AUL CANT TRAVEL BECAUSE HE DOESNT HAVE ENOUGH TIME
$ 0AUL ISNT TALL ENOUGH TO DRIVE THE CAR HIMSELF
! 4HEY DIDNT ACCEPT (ARRYS INVITATION BECAUSE IT WAS COLD
" 4HEY DIDNT EAT EVERYTHING BECAUSE THE FOOD WAS COLD
# )T WASNT WARM ENOUGH INSIDE SO THEY ATE QUICKLY AND LEFT THE PLACE
$ 4HEY DIDNT LIKE THE MEAL (ARRY SERVED BECAUSE IT WAS NOT WARM
! 2OBERT TELEPHONED THEN TO GIVE THEM THE NEW ORDERS
" 2OBERT CALLED THEM UP TO TELL THEM WHAT HAD HAPPENED
# 2OBERT TELEPHONED THEM IN A GIVEN ORDER
$ 2OBERT CALLED TO GIVE THEM A NEW ORDER
! (ARRY DOESNT KNOW THAT AREA VERY WELL
" 4HAT AREA NEVER APPEARS ON THE MAPS
# )T DOESNT SNOW VERY OFTEN IN THAT PART OF THE COUNTRY
$ 4HE WEATHER IN WINTER IS NOT VERY NICE IN THE AREA
! 4HEY ALREADY KNEW HOW TO REPAIR CARS IN THOSE DAYS
" 4HEY WORKED IN A GARAGE IN THOSE DAYS
# 4HEY USED TO HAVE TWO CARS IN THOSE DAYS
$ 4HEY HAVE USED THAT CAR FOR A LONG TIME
! 3HE DID EVERYTHING CORRECTLY
" 3HE DID EVERYTHING IMMEDIATELY
# 3HE DID EVERYTHING AS CAREFULLY AS POSSIBLE
$ 3HE DID EVERYTHING FOLLOWING THE INSTRUCTIONS
)NSTRUCCIONES PARA LAS PREGUNTAS
%L EXAMINADOR LEER UNA HISTORIA %SCUCHE ATENTAMENTE %NSEGUIDA OIR PREGUNTAS
RELATIVAS AL TEXTO LEDO %N CADA CASO DEBER ELEGIR LA ALTERNATIVA ! " # O $ QUE RESPONDA EN MEJOR FORMA LA PREGUNTA 5NA VEZ
QUE HAYA ELEGIDO LA ALTERNATIVA CORRECTA DEBER CONSIGNARLA EN SU (/*! $% 2%305%34!3 .O ESCRIBA EN ESTE CUADERNILLO
! "ECAUSE THEY|D BEEN FRIENDS FOR MANY YEARS
" 3HE WANTED HIM TO ADVISE HER WHERE TO GO ON HOLIDAY
# 3HE WANTED TO BUY AN AIR TICKET
$ 3HE WANTED TO TRAVEL ABROAD BY BOAT
! "ECAUSE HE WAS GLAD TO SEE HER AGAIN
" "ECAUSE SHE TOLD HIM ABOUT HER HUSBAND|S DEATH
# "ECAUSE HE NOTICED SHE WAS AN OLD LADY NOW
$ "ECAUSE SHE WANTED TO GO BACK "RIGHTON NEXT SUMMER
! !T A HOTEL WHICH A MEMBER OF THE FAMILY HAD IN "RIGHTON
" !T A SUMMER HOUSE THEY HAD IN THE SOUTH OF &RANCE
# !T A NICE CHEAP GUEST HOUSE ON THE COAST IN "RITAIN
$ !T AN EXPENSIVE HOTEL NEAR 0ARIS
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
! "ECAUSE THEY WANTED THEIR CHILDREN TO STUDY A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
" "ECAUSE THEY KNEW THEY WERE GOING TO HAVE GOOD WEATHER THERE
# "ECAUSE THE TRAVEL AGENT TOLD THEM THE WEATHER WAS NICER IN THOSE COUNTRIES
$ "ECAUSE IT WAS A LOT MORE CONVENIENT FOR THEM TO GO THERE ON HOLIDAY
! 4HE 'REENS WENT ON HOLIDAY ABROAD FOR THE LAST TIME
" -RS 'REEN|S HUSBAND PASSED AWAY
# 4HEY DECIDED NOT TO GO ON HOLIDAY ABROAD ANY LONGER
$ -RS 'REEN WENT TO HER TRAVEL AGENT TO INQUIRE ABOUT CHEAP HOTELS IN 0ORTUGAL
! 4O VISIT SOME FRIENDS IN 0ORTUGAL
" 4O GO TO A CHEAP HOTEL IN )TALY OR 3PAIN
# 4O SPEND HER SUMMER HOLIDAYS IN "RITAIN
$ 4O SPEND HER SUMMER HOLIDAYS ABROAD AS USUAL
! 4O A HOTEL A 0OTUGUESE FRIEND HAD IN ,ISBON
" 4O THE SAME FAMILY HOTEL SHE USED STAY WHEN SHE WAS YOUNG
# 4O A PARTICULAR HOLIDAY PLACE IN )NDIA
$ 4O A NICE AND PLEASANT HOLIDAY RESORT IN 0OTUGAL
! "ECAUSE HE WAS NOT EXPECTING TO SEE -RS 'REEN THAT DAY
" "ECAUSE HE THOUGHT -RS 'REEN HAD DIED A FEW MONTHS AGO
# "ECAUSE -RS 'REEN WAS PLANNING TO SPEND HER SUMMER HOLIDAYS IN !SIA
$ "ECAUSE WANTED TO TAKE A TWO
WEEK PACKAGE TOUR OF )NDIA
! "ECAUSE LOTS OF PEOPLE WERE SPENDING THEIR HOLIDAYS THERE THESE DAYS
" "ECAUSE EVERYTHING WAS INCLUDED IN THE FARE AND SHE WOULDN|T HAVE TO WORRY ABOUT ANYTHING
# "ECAUSE THAT WAS THE ONLY WAY TO VISIT INTERESTING PLACES IN )NDIA
$ "ECAUSE HE HAPPENED TO HAVE A GUIDEBOOK AND SOME BROCHURES TO SHOW HER
! "ECAUSE SHE DIDN|T LIKE TRAVELING WITH OTHER PEOPLE
" "ECAUSE SHE DIDN|T LIKE PACKAGE TOURS VERY MUCH
# "ECAUSE SHE WANTED TO ARRANGE HER HOLIDAY HERSELF AND TRAVEL CHEAPLY
$ "ECAUSE )NDIA WAS AN AMAZING COUNTRY
4()3 )3 4(% %.$ /& 4(% ,)34%.).' 0!24 /& 4(% 4%34
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
" 2%!$).' 0!24
)NSTRUCCIONES PARA LAS PREGUNTAS n %N CADA UNA DE LAS ORACIONES HAY UNO O DOS ESPACIOS EN BLANCO ELIJA LA ALTERNATIVA
! " # O $ QUE LLENE EL O LOS ESPACIOS EN BLANCO EN FORMA CORRECTA Y ENSEGUIDA CONSIGNE SU ELECCIN EN SU (/*! $%
2%305%34!3 .O ESCRIBA EN ESTE CUADERNILLO
"OB ?????????? YOU EVER ????????? $RAMBUIE *OS
*OS .O NEVER "UT ) KNOW ITS A VERY STRONG LIQUOR
! $O n DRANK
# 7ILL
DRINK
" (AVE
BEEN DRUNK
$ (AVE
DRUNK
#APTAIN 4HOMAS HAS NOT WORKED ????????? DURING THE LAST THREE MONTHS SO ) DONT THINK HELL GET A GOOD REPORT FROM
HIS SUPERIORS
! TOO GOOD
# HARD ENOUGH
" TOO MANY
$ SATISFACTORY
7HAT IS THE ???????????? PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE YOUVE HAD IN YOUR MILITARY CAREER
! VALUABLE # HARDEST
" BETTER $ MOST GOOD
!S SOON AS ) OPENED THE DOOR AND LOOKED INSIDE ) NOTICED THAT ?????????????? A PARTY THE NIGHT BEFORE BECAUSE
THERE WERE DIRTY PLATES AND GLASSES AND EMPTY BOTTLES ALL OVER THE PLACE
! THERE HAD BEEN # THEY WERE HAVING
" THERE WERE $ IT WAS
????????????? BOOKS YOU|VE BROUGHT WITH YOU *ACK $O YOU THINK YOU|LL HAVE TIME TO READ THEM ALL
! 7HAT A FEW # 7HAT A LOT OF
" (OW INTERESTING $ (OW MUCH
-ARY SEEMS TO BE A VERY RESPONSIBLE PERSON 3HE HAS STUDIED VERY HARD ?????????????? THIS SEMESTER 3HE|LL SURELY
GET ONE OF ???????????? MARKS IN THE lNAL EXAMINATION
! SINCE
THE HIGH
" DURING
THE HIGHEST
# FOR
THE MOST HIGHEST
$ ALONG
THE HIGHER
2EMEMBER THAT YOU HAVE TO TURN OFF ALL THE LIGHTS ??????????? THE OFlCE *OHN
! BEFORE LEAVING
" IN ORDER TO LEAVING
# BEFORE YOURE LEAVING
$ BEFORE TO LEAVE
9OU ARE GETTING TOO FAT *IM ) THINK YOU ?????????? EAT LESS AND DO MORE PHYSICAL EXERCISE
! MUST TO
" SHOULD TO
# WOULD RATHER
$ OUGHT TO
?????????? DID YOU USE TO WRITE TO ???????????? WHEN YOU WERE SERVING IN THE 5NITED .ATIONS 0EACEKEEPING &ORCES
IN THE -IDDLE %AST
! (OW LONG
YOUR FAMILY
# (OW OFTEN
THEM
" (OW MANY TIMES n THEIRS $ (OW MUCH TIME
YOUR FRIENDS
-R -ORRISON ?????????? THE CHILDREN TO THE PARK THAT MORNING BUT HE REMEMBERED THAT HE ????????? GO AND SEE A
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
FRIEND WHO WAS IN HOSPITAL
! HAD TAKEN n MUST
" WAS GOING TO TAKE
HAD TO
# HAD BEEN TAKING n SHOULD
$ WOULD TAKE
WAS ALLOWED
'RANDMOTHER ???????????? WHEN ) WENT OUT TO DO THE SHOPPING ABOUT TWO HOURS AGO AND SHE IS ?????????? ASLEEP
$ONT YOU THINK ) SHOULD GO AND SEE IF SHE IS ALL RIGHT
! SLEPT
n ALSO
" WAS SLEEPING n STILL
# HAS SLEPT n ALREADY
$ HAD BEEN SLEEPING n YET
4HE NUMBER OF ACCIDENTS CAUSED BY CARELESS DRIVERS????????????? DURING THE LAST TWO YEARS ) M SURE THE STRICT
REGULATIONS THE -INISTRY OF 4RANSPORT IMPOSED TWO YEARS AGO ??????????? THE EFFECTS EVERYONE EXPECTED
! ARE DECREASING
PRODUCE
# HAS DECREASED
ARE PRODUCING
" ARE DECREASED
WILL PRODUCE $ HAVE BEEN DECREASING
WILL BE PRODUCING
!N ILLITERATE PERSON IS A PERSON ??????? CANT READ OR WRITE #ONSEQUENTLY HE ????????? CONSIDERED A FULL MEMBER OF
OUR MODERN SOCIETY
! WHOSE
MUSTN|T BE
# WHOM
NEVER WAS ABLE TO BE
" WHICH
DOESNT HAVE TO BE
$ WHO
WILL NEVER BE
)|M GOING TO ?????????????? AS SOON AS ) ???????????? THIS AFTERNOON
! GIVE TO HER THE LETTER
WILL SEE HER
" GIVE THE LETTER TO HER
SEE HER
# GIVE THE LETTER HER
CAN SEE HER
$ GIVE HER THE LETTER
AM GOING TO SEE HER
-RS "ROWN TAKES HER CHILDREN TO THE DENTIST ONCE OR TWICE????????
! IN A YEAR
" BY THE YEAR
# A YEAR
$ FOR THE YEAR
-R 3MITH ISNT IN THE OFlCE AT THE MOMENT (E MUST BE ????????? HAVING LUNCH ????????ATTENDING A MEETING AT THE
#ONFERENCE (ALL
! AS
" EITHER
AS
OR
# NEITHER
NOR
$ BOTH
AND
) CANT MOVE THIS BOX BY MYSELF BECAUSE ITS ????????????
! VERY HEAVY
" TOO MUCH HEAVY
# TOO HEAVY
$ NOT HEAVY ENOUGH
*OHN AND HIS FRIENDS SELDOM????????????? WHEN THEY|RE AT WORK BECAUSE THEIR BOSS IS ALWAYS KEEPING AN EYE ON
THEM
!ARE TALKING
"HAVE TALKED
# DON|T TALK
$ TALK
4HE MANAGER TOLD THE SECRETARY TO USE THE COMPUTER ???????? HAVE THE WORK DONE BEFORE MIDDAY
! FOR TO
" SO TO
# SO THAT
$ IN ORDER TO
)F THEY HAD TAKEN ALL THE NECESSARY PRECAUTIONS THE ACCIDENT ?????????????
! MUST HAVE PREVENTED
" COULD HAVE BEEN PREVENTED
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
# COULD BE PREVENTED
$ HAVE BEEN PREVENTED
$O YOU KNOW ??????????? WHEN THE lRE BEGAN -ISS *ONES
! WHERE DID THE PEOPLE GO
" WHAT THE YOUNG MAN WAS DOING
# WHY WAS SLEEPING THE OLD MAN
$ WHAT TIME WAS IT EXACTLY
!T THIS TIME TOMORROW WE?????????????? OVER THE !TLANTIC NEAR THE COAST OF !FRICA ) THINK
! ARE GOING TO mY
" ARE mYING
# WILL BE mYING
$ HAVE BEEN mYING
7HEN ) WAS YOUR AGE 4OM ) ???????????? FOOTBALL ALMOST EVERY AFTERNOON
! WAS PLAYING
" HAD PLAYED
# USED TO PLAY
$ WENT
)F A SUPERIOR TELLS YOU THAT YOU ARENT DOING THE JOB CORRECTLY ??????????? HIM (E MAY GET ANGRY AND REPRIMAND YOU
! YOU DONT CONTRADICT
" DONT CONTRADICT
# DONT YOU CONTRADICT
$ DO CONTRADICT
(E NEEDED THE ANSWER URGENTLY SO ) SENT HIM AN EMAIL ??????????
! AT ALL
" AT ONCE
# ALL THE SAME
$ SUDDENLY
&OR THE TIME BEING THEY ????????? THE OLD COMPUTER4HEIR LAPTOP IS BEING CHECKED BY A TECHNICIAN AT MOMENT
! HAVE USED
" ARE USING
# WERE ALLOWED TO USE
$ SELDOM USE
) DIDNT HAVE??????????? EXTRA MONEY SO ) COULD GO ??????????? ELSE EXCEPT TO THE PLACES WHICH WERE LISTED IN THE
BROCHURE )F ) HAD HAD SOME EXTRA MONEY ) WOULD HAVE VISITED SOME OTHER PLACES TOO
! ENOUGH
" TOO MUCH
EVERYWHERE
SOMEWHERE
# ANY NOWHERE
$ SOME ANYWHERE
9OU ????????? DO IT RIGHT NOW OTHERWISE YOULL BE TOO BUSY TOMORROW
! WOULD BETTER
" HAD TO
# HAD BETTER
$ WOULD RATHER
9OUR TAXI HASNT ARRIVED ??????? 3IR )T ?????????? HERE IN A FEW MINUTES
! STILL
SHOULD BE
" YET
WILL BE
# RIGHT NOW
MUST TO BE
$ ALREADY
GOING TO BE
! 7HAT ???????? YOU DO IF YOU ?????????? A LOT OF MONEY " )D BUY A CAR
! CAN
HAVE
# DID
WOULD HAVE
" WOULD
HAD
$ DO
CAN HAVE
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
)NSTRUCCIONES PARA LAS PREGUNTAS
#ADA UNA DE LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES TIENE UNA PARTE SUBRAYADA %LIJA LA
ALTERNATIVA ! " # O $ QUE EXPRESE LO MISMO O CASI LO MISMO QUE LA PARTE SUBRAYADA 2EGISTRE SU ELECCIN EN SU (/*!
$% 2%305%34!3 .O ESCRIBA EN ESTE CUADERNILLO
-RS 3COTT QUICKLY GOT USED TO LIVING IN THE -IDDLE %AST
! GOT TIRED OF
" BECAME SICK OF
# GOT AFRAID OF
$ BECAME ACCUSTOMED TO
-R 3MITH IS QUITE FOND OF READING lCTION NOVELS
! PREFERS TO READ
" HATES READING
# DOESNT ENJOY READING
$ DISLIKES TO READ
) THINK THE CHILDREN WOULD RATHER STAY AT HOME TODAY )TS TOO COLD
! HAVE TO BE
" WOULD LIKE TO STAY
# OUGHT TO STAY
$ NEED TO REMAIN
4HE BOY USUALLY GETS SICK WHEN HE DRINKS MILK
! BECOMES
" lLLS
# BEGINS
$ OBTAINS
(OW MANY TIMES A WEEK DO YOU PRACTISE TENNIS
! (OW LONG
" 7HAT TIME
# (OW OFTEN
$ (OW FREQUENT
4HE GIRL WASNT OLD ENOUGH TO GET A DRIVING LICENCE
! WAS MUCH TOO OLD
" WAS TOO YOUNG
# WASNT VERY OLD
$ WAS TOO VERY YOUNG
4HE OLD MAN WASNT ABLE TO GET ON THE BUS SO HE WALKED HOME
! WASNT ALLOWED TO
" DIDNT WANT TO
# SIMPLY COULDNT
$ REFUSED TO
*OHN DIDNT COME TO CLASS TODAY AND NEITHER DID "ILL
! AND "ILL DIDNT EITHER
" BUT "ILL DIDNT ALSO
# AND "ILL DIDNT TOO
$ AND SO DID "ILL
4HE LIEUTENANT REPORTED TO THE GENERAL RIGHT AWAY
! IN THE RIGHT WAY
" AT ONCE
# FROM A DISTANT PLACE
$ PUNCTUALLY
4HERE WASNT ANYONE ELSE IN THE HOUSE SO THE LITTLE BOY HAD TO SPEND THE DAY ALL BY HIMSELF
! QUIETLY AND SECRETLY
" SOMEWHERE ELSE
# COMPLETELY ALONE
$ WITHOUT ANYTHING TO EAT
-Y GRANDFATHER SELDOM GOES OUT FOR WALKS IN THE EVENING
! VERY OFTEN
" HARDLY EVER
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
# ALMOST
$ SIMPLY
4HEY ARE LIVING IN ,OS !NGELES FOR THE TIME BEING
! BECAUSE ITS A NICE CITY
" ACTUALLY
# BECAUSE THE WEATHERS GOOD THERE
$ AT PRESENT
0LEASE CROSS OUT MY NAME ) WONT BE ABLE TO ATTEND THE RECEPTION
! UNDERLINE
" CONSIDER
# LEAVE OUT
$ REPORT
(E IS TOO OLD AND IS LOSING HIS MEMORY (ES TOLD ME THE SAME THING OVER AND OVER
! FROM TIME TO TIME
" ONLY A FEW TIMES
# WITH SOME EXAGGERATION
$ MANY TIMES
7HAT TIME DO YOU THINK THEY WILL GET THERE
! BE IN THAT TOWN
" LEAVE THE CITY
# GET A PLACE
$ OBTAIN A ROOM
)NSTRUCCIONES PARA LAS PREGUNTAS n ,EA CUIDADOSAMENTE EL SIGUIENTE TROZO DE LECTURA %NSEGUIDA DEBER CONTESTAR
LAS PREGUNTAS ELIGIENDO LA ALTERNATIVA ! " # O $ QUE ESTIME 5D ES LA MS ADECUADA EN CADA CASO 2EGISTRE LA ALTERNATIVA
CORRECTA EN SU (/*! $% 2%305%34!3 .O ESCRIBA EN ESTE CUADERNILLO
"EFORE SHE LEFT -RS 3OAMES GAVE LAST MINUTE INSTRUCTIONS TO THE BABY
SITTER A YOUNG GIRL OF SEVENTEEN 4HE GIRL HAD
NEVER DONE BABY SITTING BEFORE AND -RS 3OAMES WAS A LITTLE WORRIED
h-AKE YOURSELF COMFORTABLE #AROL v -RS 3OAMES SAID h)VE PREPARED A TRAY OF FOOD FOR YOU )TS ON THE TABLE 9OU
CAN OF COURSE LISTEN TO THE RADIO OR WATCH TELEVISION BUT DONT HAVE IT TOO LOUD BECAUSE YOU MIGHT WAKE OUR LITTLE BOY )F THE
BOY WAKES UP GO TO HIS ROOM AND STAY THERE FOR A FEW MINUTES (E|LL GO BACK TO SLEEP AT ONCE !NYWAY HES FOUR YEARS OLD SO
YOU SHOULD NOT HAVE ANY TROUBLE -Y HUSBAND AND ) WILL BE BACK AT ABOUT ELEVEN OCLOCKv
-R AND -RS 3OAMES RETURNED RATHER LATER THAN THEY HAD EXPECTED ! LIGHT WAS STILL ON IN THE LIVING
ROOM AND THE TELEVISION
COULD JUST BE HEARD -RS 3OAMES WENT TO THE LIVING
ROOM RIGHT AWAY AND CAME OUT AGAIN A MOMENT LATER HOLDING THE BOY
h7HAT WAS HE DOING THERE v -R 3OAMES EXCLAIMED h(ES WIDE AWAKEv
h(E WAS LOOKING AT THE TELEVISION v -RS 3OAMES SAID
h7HERES #AROL v -R 3OAMES ASKED
h3HES STILL IN THE LIVING
ROOM 3HES FAST ASLEEPv
7HAT DID THE 3OAMES DO THAT EVENING
! 4HEY SAW A PROGRAM ON TELEVISION
" 4HEY HAD SOME TROUBLE WITH THEIR BABY
# 4HEY WENT TO VISIT SOME FRIENDS
$ 4HEY INVITED A BABY
SITTER TO THEIR HOUSE
7HY WAS -RS 3OAMES SO WORRIED
! "ECAUSE THE BOY WAS NOT IN GOOD HEALTH
" "ECAUSE THE GIRL HAD NEVER DONE THAT KIND OF JOB BEFORE
# "ECAUSE THERE WASN|T MUCH FOOD FOR THE BABY
SITTER
$ "ECAUSE THE GIRL COULD NOT HEAR THE TELEVISION VERY WELL
7HY WAS THE GIRL TOLD THAT SHE WOULD HAVE NO TROUBLE WITH THE BOY
! "ECAUSE THE BOY WOULD BE SLEEPING MOST OF THE TIME
" "ECAUSE THE BOY WAS GOING WITH THEM AS WELL
# "ECAUSE THE BOY WAS A NEWLY BORN BABY
$ "ECAUSE SHE HAD LEFT A TRAY OF FOOD IN CASE HE FELT HUNGRY
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
7HERE WERE #AROL AND THE BABY WHEN THE 3OAMES RETURNED HOME
! #AROL WAS DOWNSTAIRS AND THE BABY WAS UPSTAIRS
" 4HE BOY WAS IN THE LIVING
ROOM AND #AROL WAS IN THE BED
ROOM
# 4HE BOY WAS AWAKE AND THE GIRL WAS ASLEEP
$ 4HEY WERE BOTH IN THE LIVING
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7HAT TIME WAS IT WHEN THE 3OAMES ARRIVED
! )T WAS ALMOST MIDNIGHT
" )T WAS JUST BEFORE ELEVEN
# )T WASN|T VERY LATE
$ )T WAS ONLY A FEW MINUTES PAST ELEVEN
7HATS THE BEST SYNONYM FOR hMAKE YOURSELF COMFORTABLEv
LINE
! 'ET A SOFA AND WATCH 46 OR LISTEN TO THE RADIO IF YOU LIKE
" 9OU CAN LIE DOWN ON OUR BED IF YOU FEEL TIRED
# "E CAREFUL WITH THE NEIGHBOURS
$ $ON|T WORRY ABOUT ANYTHING
7HAT IS THE MEANING OF THE EXPRESSION hOF COURSEv LINE
! BY NO MEANS
" PERHAPS
# OBVIOUSLY
$ HOWEVER
7HAT DOES THE EXPRESSION h(ELL GO BACK TO SLEEPv MEAN LINE
! (E WILL GO TO HIS BEDROOM AGAIN
" (E WILL FALL ASLEEP AGAIN
# (E WILL FEEL SLEEPY
$ (E WILL GO TO HIS BED
7HAT IS THE BEST SYNONYM FOR hEXPECTEDv LINE
! DECIDED
" PLANNED
# PROMISED
$ LEFT
7HAT IS THE MEANING OF hHOLDINGv
LINE
# LOOKING FOR
$ CARRYING
! LOOKING AT
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%N CADA UNA DE LAS SERIES DE PALABRAS HAY UNA QUE NO CORRESPONDE A ELLA
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)M ABSOLUTELY SURE THAT THESE ARE THE BOOKS FOR CHILDREN ???????????
7HATS THAT NOISE -ARY ) THINK SOMEBODY ?????????????
4HE TRAFlC IS TOO HEAVY AT THIS TIME OF DAY *OHN )F YOU TAKE A TAXI YOU ????????
) WOULD CERTAINLY SEND HER A POST CARD FROM %DINBURGH IF ) ????????????
!S SOON AS ) ENTERED THE OFlCE THIS MORNING ) NOTICED THAT THE COMPUTER ????????
!LTHOUGH THE OLD MAN KNOWS HOW TO DO THE JOB WELL )M NOT HAPPY WITH HIM BECAUSE ????????
4HERE WAS A BIG NOISE OUTSIDE THE BUILDING AND THE LIGHTS WENT OUT WHILE WE ??????????
7HEN THE SHOP ASSISTANT TOLD MY WIFE THE PRICE OF THE WATCH SHE EXCLAIMED ??????????
2OBERT 3MITH IS PLANNING TO GO SOMEWHERE AND DO SOMETHING INTERESTING BECAUSE HE FEELS ????????
4HE LITTLE BOY WONT BE ABLE TO ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS CORRECTLY BECAUSE THEY ARE ???????
4OM YOU REALLY DONT LOOK WELL THIS MORNING ) THINK YOU ??????????
) HAD SO MANY THINGS TO DO AT THE OFlCE THAT ) DECIDED TO GO ?????????
*OHN YOU ARE GOING TO GET THERE LATE IF YOU GO BY BUS ) THINK YOU ??????????
)F YOU DONT PUT ON YOUR GLASSES *ACK YOU ???????????
!S SOON AS THE MANAGER COMES BACK TO THE OFlCE THIS AFTERNOON ) ???????????
)NSTRUCCIONES PARA LAS PREGUNTAS
5D OIR ORACIONES COMPLETAS ESTA VEZ $ESPUS DE CADA ORACIN 5D OIR UNA PREGUNTA Y
DEBER ELEGIR LA ALTERNATIVA ! " # $ QUE LA CONTESTE EN MEJOR FORMA UNA VEZ ELEGIDA LA ALTERNATIVA CORRECTA DEBER CONSIGNARLA
MARCANDO UNA 8 SOBRE LA LETRA CORRESPONDIENTE EN SU (/*! $% 2%305%34!3 .O ESCRIBA EN ESTE CUADERNILLO
2OBERT TOLD *IM TO COME TO HIS OFlCE RIGHT AWAY 1UESTION 7HEN DID 2OBERT WANT TO SEE *IM
*ACK DIDNT GO OUT YESTERDAY BECAUSE HE HAD TO READ SOME REPORTS AND WRITE SOME LETTERS 1UESTION (OW DID *ACK
SPEND THE DAY YESTERDAY
4HE YOUNG CAPTAIN DID NOT MAKE UP HIS MIND QUICKLY 1UESTION 7HAT DOES THE EXPRESSION hDIDNT MAKE UP HIS
MINDv MEAN IN THIS SENTENCE
*OHN DIDNT ACCEPT THE JOB OFFER BECAUSE HE WOULD HAVE TO BE AWAY FROM HOME TOO OFTEN (E THOUGHT HED RATHER BE
NEAR HIS WIFE AND CHILDREN THAN BE TRAVELLING ALL THE TIME 1UESTION 7HY DID HE REFUSE TO ACCEPT THE JOB OFFER
*OHN IS FOND OF VISITING PEOPLE AND USUALLY ENTERTAINS FRIENDS AT HIS HOME 1UESTION 7HAT KIND OF A PERSON IS *OHN
4OM KNOWS *ANE BETTER BECAUSE THEYVE BEEN FRIENDS FOR YEARS SINCE THEY WERE AT SCHOOL TOGETHER WHEREAS 2OBERT
ONLY MET HER A COUPLE OF DAYS AGO 4HATS WHY HE CANT TELL US MUCH ABOUT HER 1UESTION 7HY CANT WE ASK 2OBERT
TO TALK ABOUT *ANES PERSONALITY
4HE SECRETARY COULD NOT GET IN TOUCH WITH THE CUSTOMERS THIS MORNING SO SHE WILL HAVE TO CALL THEM AGAIN THIS AFTERNOON
1UESTION 7HAT WILL THE SECRETARY DO AFTER LUNCH TODAY
)TS USUALLY COLD AND IT RAINS QUITE A LOT DURING THE YEAR IN THAT PART OF THE COUNTRY BUT THEY LIKE LIVING IN THAT SMALL TOWN
BECAUSE ALL THE SHOPS ARE NEAR THE TRAFlC IS NEVER SO HEAVY AND THERE ARE NO FACTORIES NEARBY 1UESTION 7HY ARE
THEY SO HAPPY TO BE LIVING THERE
*OHN WAS GOING TO WORK IN THE GARDEN THAT MORNING BUT HE REMEMBERED HE HAD TO GO AND MEET A FRIEND AT THE
AIRPORT SO HE LEFT THE JOB FOR THE FOLLOWING WEEKEND 1UESTION 7HAT DID *OHN DO THAT MORNING
"ILL WILL HAVE TO WORK OVERTIME IF HE WANTS TO lNISH THE JOB BEFORE THE END OF THIS MONTH 1UESTION 7HAT MUST HE
DO IN ORDER TO COMPLETE THE JOB IN GOOD TIME
*ACK AND 4OM ARE THE SAME AGE BUT "ILL IS TWO YEARS YOUNGER (E IS ONLY TEN AT PRESENT 1UESTION (OW OLD ARE
*ACK AND 4OM
-R *ACKSON AND HIS FRIENDS MET OUTSIDE THE RESTAURANT AT ABOUT THAT EVENING BUT THEY DID NOT GO IN BECAUSE
IT WAS TOO EARLY AND THEY DID NOT FEEL HUNGRY AT THAT MOMENT 4HEY WENT TO THE CLUB INSTEAD 1UESTION 7HAT DID THEY
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
DO AFTER ALL OF THEM HAD ARRIVED
4HEY HAD A GOOD TIME THERE BECAUSE ALTHOUGH THE WEATHER WAS NOT lNE THEY HAD THE CHANCE OF MAKING FRIENDS AND
VISITING PLACES 1UESTION 7HY DID THEY ENJOY THEIR HOLIDAYS SO MUCH
-R #LARK WALKED HOME FROM THE OFlCE THAT EVENING BECAUSE ALL THE BUSES WERE FULL AT THAT TIME AND HE DIDNT HAVE
ENOUGH MONEY TO TAKE A TAXI 1UESTION 7HY DIDNT -R #LARK GO HOME BY BUS
4HE "ROWNS HARDLY EVER GO TO THEIR PARENTS| FARM IN THE SOUTH BECAUSE IT IS TOO FAR AND IT TAKES THEM MORE THAN TEN
HOURS TO DRIVE THERE 1UESTION (OW OFTEN DO THEY GO THERE DURING THE YEAR
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(ED RATHER STAY AT HOME ALL DAY TODAY
(E GOT USED TO LIVING IN THIS HOUSE AFTER A FEW MONTHS
(E COULD NOT ATTEND THE RECEPTION AT THE EMBASSY THAT DAY BECAUSE HE WAS TOO BUSY
-ARY GOT IN TOUCH WITH HIM AS SOON AS SHE GOT THERE
0AUL ISN|T OLD ENOUGH TO TRAVEL ABROAD BY HIMSELF
4HEY ATE THEIR MEAL IN A HURRY BECAUSE IT WAS TOO COLD INSIDE THE RESTAURANT
2OBERT TELEPHONED THEM THAT EVENING IN ORDER TO GIVE THEM THE NEWS
)T HARDLY EVER SNOWS IN THAT REGION
4HEY USED TO REPAIR CARS IN THOSE DAYS
3HE DID EVERYTHING RIGHT AWAY
)NSTRUCCIONES PARA LAS PREGUNTAS
%L EXAMINADOR LEER UNA HISTORIA %SCUCHE ATENTAMENTE %NSEGUIDA OIR PREGUNTAS
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7HY DID -RS 'REEN VISIT THE TRAVEL AGENT THAT MORNING
7HY DID THE TRAVEL AGENT SMILE WHEN HE SAW HER IN HIS OFlCE
7HERE DID THE 'REENS SPEND THEIR SUMMER HOLIDAYS WHEN THE CHILDREN WERE SMALL
7HY DID THEY START GOING TO )TALY OR 3PAIN
7HAT HAPPENED A FEW MONTHS AGO
7HAT DID THE TRAVEL AGENT THINK -RS 'REEN WAS PLANNING TO DO
7HERE DID THE TRAVEL AGENT SUGGEST -RS 'REEN SHOULD GO ON HOLIDAY NEXT SUMMER
7HY WAS THE TRAVEL AGENT SO SURPRISED
7HY DID THE TRAVEL AGENT OFFER HER THE TWO
WEEK PACKAGE TOUR OF )NDIA
7HY DIDNT -RS 'REEN WANT TO TAKE THE PACKAGE TOUR THE TRAVEL AGENT RECOMMENDED HER
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9O ESCRIBIR UNA CARTA A *UAN MAANA
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C ) AM WRITING A LETTER TO *OHN IN A FEW MINUTES
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3AM (I "OB 7HAT ARE YOU DOING
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"OB .O )|M NOT )|M
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TEST TOMORROW
!ND WHAT ARE YOU DOING HERE
3AM )|M LOOKING FOR -ARY )S SHE AT
HOME
"OB 9ES SHE IS 3HE|S READING THE
PAPER IN THE GARDEN ) THINK
3AM 4HANKS "OB )|M SORRY )
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"OB $ON|T WORRY )T|S ALL RIGHT
$ETECTIVE 7ERE YOU AT HOME AT THE TIME
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-R 3MITH
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GARAGE ) WAS WASHING THE
CAR
$ETECTIVE 7AS YOUR WIFE WITH YOU
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"OB 7HAT WILL YOU BE DOING AT THIS
TIME NEXT 3ATURDAY
*ACK )|LL BE mYING TO ,ONDON
"OB 7HAT TIME WILL YOU BE LANDING AT
(EATHROW
*ACK !T ABOUT IN THE EVENING
7E WON|T BE ARRIVING AT THE HOTEL
BEFORE
"OB 7ILL YOU GO ON A SIGHTSEEING TOUR ON
3UNDAY
*ACK /F COURSE NOT 7E WILL BE
WORKING ALL DAY ON 3UNDAY 7E
MUST HAVE EVERYTHING READY FOR THE
7ORLD 0EACE 4ALKS WHICH START ON
-ONDAY
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
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$ESCRIBE UNA ACCIN QUE SE REALIZA O
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7HAT DO YOU DO EVERY DAY
WT DIU D VRI DI z1U HACE 5D
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"OB $OES YOUR HUSBAND TAKE THE
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"OB 7HAT DID YOU DO LAST WEEK END
*ACK ) WENT TO THE BEACH
"OB $ID YOU GO ALONE
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FRIENDS 7E REALLY HAD A GREAT TIME
THERE
"OB 7HERE DID YOU STAY
*ACK 7E RENTED A SMALL HOUSE
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7ELL WE|RE GOING TO MAKE
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"OB !RE YOU JUST GOING TO VISIT
#ANCN
!NN ) DON|T KNOW YET -Y FRIENDS AND
) ARE MEETING THIS EVENING TO
DISCUSS OUR PLANS
"OB 4HAT SOUNDS GREAT
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
# 0%2&%#4 4%.3%3
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"Y THE END OF THIS MONTH YEAR ETC
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02%'5.4! (!")45!,
02%'5.4! (!")45!,
02%'5.4! (!")45!,
7HAT HAVE YOU DONE SINCE YOU ARRIVED
THIS MORNING WOT AV IU DN SINS IU
ARRIVD IS MRNI z1UE HA HECHO 5D
DESDE QUE LLEG ESTA MAANA
7HAT HAD YOU DONE BEFORE 0ETER
ARRIVED YESTERDAY WOT HAD IU DN BIF
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UD ANTES QUE 0ETER LLEGARA AYER
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OF THIS MONTH WOT WIL IU HAV DN BAI
I ND OV IS MN z1U HABR HECHO
UD HACIA lNES DE ESTE MES
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/FlCER (AVE YOU EVER BEEN TO THE
'RAND #ANYON
0ETER .O ) HAVE NEVER BEEN THERE
"UT ONE OF MY BROTHERS HAS
VISITED IT SEVERAL TIMES (E
SAYS IT|S SPECTACULAR
/FlCER )|M SURE YOU WILL ENJOY THE VISIT
"OB 7AS THAT YOUR lRST VISIT TO .EW
9ORK
*ANE .O IT WASN|T ) HAD BEEN IN .EW
9ORK A COUPLE OF TIMES BEFORE
"UT ) HAD NEVER VISITED IT IN THE
SPRING ) MUST SAY #ENTRAL 0ARK IS
BEAUTIFUL AT THIS TIME OF THE YEAR
"OB 7HY DIDN|T *ACK GO WITH YOU
*ANE (E COULDN|T AFFORD THE TRIP (E HAD
NOT SAVED ENOUGH MONEY FOR THE
TICKETS
*OHN (AVE THEY lNISHED BUILDING THE
BRIDGE YET
0ETER .O THEY HAVEN|T ) THINK THEY WILL
HAVE lNISHED BUILDING IT BEFORE
THE END OF THIS WEEK
*OHN (OW MANY BRIDGES WILL THEY HAVE
BUILT BY THE END OF THIS DECADE
0ETER ) DON|T KNOW "UT THEY WILL HAVE
BUILT SEVERAL IMPORTANT ROADS
AND OUR ECONOMY WILL HAVE
GROWN CONSIDERABLY
*OHN ) HOPE YOUR DREAMS COME TRUE
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
$ 0%2&%#4 #/.4).5/53 4%.3%3
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!L IGUAL QUE EL 0RESENTE 0ERFECTO DESCRIBE $ESCRIBE UNA ACCIN QUE SE HABA ESTADO $ESCRIBE UNA ACCIN QUE SE HABR ESTADO
UNA ACCIN QUE COMENZ A REALIZARSE EN REALIZANDO EN FORMA ININTERRUMPIDA ANTES REALIZNDOSE EN FORMA ININTERRUMPIDA
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SINCE THAT MORNING
)T HAD BEEN RAINING HARD FOR ABOUT TWO
HOURS THAT MORNING
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7HAT HAVE YOU BEEN DOING SINCE YOU
ARRIVED HERE THIS MORNING
WOT AV IU BN DI SINS IU ARRIVD HAR
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5D DESDE QUE LLEG ESTA MAANA
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5D ANTES QUE 0ETER LLEGARA AYER
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MONTH
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FOR MORE THAN THREE MONTHS BY THE TIME
THIS TERM ENDS
02%'5.4! (!")45!,
7HAT WILL YOU HAVE BEEN DOING BY THE
END OF THIS MONTH
WT WIL IU HAV BN DI BAI I ND OV
IS MN z1U HABR ESTADO HACIENDO
5D HACIA lNES DE ESTE MES
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0ETER 7HAT HAVE YOU BEEN DOING SINCE
YOU GOT UP THIS MORNING
-ARY )|VE BEEN DOING LOTS OF THINGS
)|VE BEEN WORKING ON MY THESIS
AND ) HAVE BEEN STUDYING FOR THE
lNAL EXAMS
0ETER 9OU REALLY LOOK TIRED
-ARY 9ES ) HAVEN|T BEEN SLEEPING
WELL SINCE THIS TERM STARTED IN
-ARCH !NYWAY )T WILL ALL BE OVER
BEFORE THE END OF THIS MONTH
0ETER 9ES AND YOU|LL GET YOUR DEGREE AT
LAST
*OHN 7HAT HAD YOUR FRIENDS BEEN
DOING THAT EVENING
*IM 4HEY|D BEEN CELEBRATING -ARY|S
BIRTHDAY 4HEY|D BEEN DANCING
AND SINGING !ND THEY HAD ALSO
BEEN SITTING AND TALKING BY THE
lRE
*OHN !ND WHY WERE THE NEIGHBORS SO
ANGRY
*IM 4HEY HAD BEEN TRYING TO SLEEP
BUT HADN|T BEEN ABLE TO DO SO
BECAUSE OF THE NOISE
! !RE THEY STILL DISCUSSING THE PROJECT
TO BUILD THE NEW BRIDGE ACROSS THE
0OTOMAC
" 9ES 4HEY WILL HAVE BEEN
DISCUSSING IT FOR lFTEEN MONTHS NEXT
WEEK AND THEY HAVEN|T YET DECIDED
WHETHER IT SHOULD OR SHOULDN|T BE
BUILT
! )T|S A SHAME 7ELL ) HOPE THEY TAKE A
STAND AND VOTE FOR IT )N THE MEANTIME
WE SIMPLY HAVE TO BE PATIENT AND
WAIT !FTER ALL WE HAVE BEEN USING THE
FERRY FOR YEARS AND HAVE BECOME USED
TO IT
! SHORT COURSE IN ENGLISH FOR ADULT STUDENTS
"L
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