Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Research Paper
II Semester, 2009
The Great Vowel Shift and its Influence in English
Language
In this moment, the life, as we know it, is crossing a big change that has an
impact in the dairy activities of people around all over the world. Did you realize
that over a billion people in the world now speak English? According to a report
titled, "English Next" by language researcher David Graddol, "...two billion people
"English is an important tool for operating on the world stage," says John
Whitehead, director of the British Council. The ability to speak and understand
It is well known that English is one of the oldest languages around the
world, and there are a lot of different ways to say a word, it depends of the social
As we already know,
several dialects. It is an
Anglo-Frisian language
Century AD by Germanic
Source: http://www.uni-
settlers from various parts
due.de/SHE/Germanic_Migration_to_Britain.
of northwest Germany. The original Old English language was subsequently
languages in the Scandinavian branch of the Germanic family, who colonized parts
of Britain in the 8th and 9th centuries. The second wave was of the Normans in the
11th century, who spoke Norman (an oil language closely related to French).
Source: http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/facts/history/
In addition, the history of the language can be traced back to the arrival of
three Germanic tribes to the British Isles during the 5 th Century AD. Angles, Saxons
and Jutes crossed the North Sea from what is the present day Denmark and
This was quickly displaced. Most of the Celtic speakers were pushed into Wales,
Cornwall and Scotland. One group migrated to the Brittany Coast of France where
their descendants still speak the Celtic Language of Breton today. The Angles
were named from Engle, their land of origin. Their language was called Englisc
Source: http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/facts/history/
The Old English period was an era where the pronunciation did not has too
many characteristic as we have now, in Old English, there were six simple vowels
difference in the meanings of words. For example, Old English is means 'is' while
īs means 'ice'. However, in the Old English, the pronunciation of the vowels did not
have a good quality in their sounds. In the prehistoric Old English period,
Around the beginning of the middle ages, English had not too many changes
made that with the time the creation of new sounds were added to the English
pronunciation and for that reason, the Great Vowel Shift came. This fact that
happened after the Norman Conquest guided by William the Conqueror, had the
The Great Vowel Shift was the main change in pronunciation that occurred in
the Middle English Period. It took place between 1450 and 1750. The principles of
the long vowels formed the main difference between the pronunciation of Middle
English and Modern English, and the Great Vowel Shift is one of the historical
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Vowel_Shift
In other words, the vowels were pronounced in a different place in the mouth
and there were the pronunciation of new sounds. “The Great Vowel Shift” implies
The major impact of the Great Vowel Shift is that English is not a language based
modern English literature. English, during the Medieval Era was closely correlated
with the vowel sound, therefore making the Great Vowel Shift a necessity; today
with the excess of silent letters, vowels have become less important.
Those steps show us in a clear way the new positions that the long vowels
took in the mouth. As we know, that fact did not occur overnight, people would
have different pronunciation of the same word. Most linguists agree that the Great
Vowel Shift did not occur all at once, which accounts for the creative spellings of
First, it is the change that occurred with the letters “i” and “u.” Both of these
letters became diphthongs, which are a complex speech sound or glide that begins
with one vowel and gradually changes to another vowel within the same syllable,
such as the “oi” in boil. Then, there was the incorporation of the long “e” such as in
“green” by pronounced with a /iy/. The only other vowel formed in this section of
the tongue is the “ae”. Middle English /i:/ and /u:/ correspond to Modern English /ai/
and /au/
Source: http://www.uni-due.de/SHE/HE_Change_Phonological.htm
As we can see in that chart, just the long vowels and diphthongs are affected
by the Great Vowel Shift. The different pronunciation in the vowels took long time
to be adapted in the way that we know. The long /iy/, in “driven”, first was changed
for the diphthong /ei/ pronounced with the long /e/. A century later, the long /e/
became a diphthong using the short /e/ and there were tow centuries after that the
passed over big changes through the history. We must understand that a language
is not a single language. Even though, it has the influences of many dialects
around and not only them, make the changes. Also, all the things over the history
make that a language can change. In this moment, people are creating new words
and new ways to express the same. And it is impossible that the evolution of the
languages stops because we are people that are looking for and findings new
objects.