COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALLL NO. 11(HEIGHT 11.

10m)
DATA:
Unit weight of backfill soil
= 20.00 kN/m
3
Safe bearing capacity of soil
= 270.00 kN/m
2
Angle of internal friction = 40.00
Angle of wall friction = 20.00
Angle of back face of wall with vertical = 0.00
Slope of earthfill i = 0.00
Unit weight of concrete
= 25.00 kN/m
3
Calculation of horizontal and vertical seismic co-efficient
The calculation of the horizontal seismic coefficient is calculated as
Eq. 1
where, =
h
Horizontal seismic coefficient
Z =Seismic Zone factor
I =Importance factor
R =Response reduction factor
and = Spectral acceleration coefficient or flexibility factor
Seismic Zone of area = IV
Z, Seismic Zone factor = 0.26
I , Importance factor = 1.00
R, Response reduction factor = 1.50
Hence Sa/g = 1.00
Putting the values in Eq. 1
h =(0.26x1x1)/(2x1.5) = 0.09 0.09
The vertical acceleration coefficient = 0.06 0.06
Calculation of active pressure coefficient under seismic condition:
Since the relevant code dealing with the provision of seismic design of retaining wall is still under
revision the data provided in the IS: 1893:2002 Part I is referred for relevant seismic data.
The solid retaining wall is almost rigid and no differential displacement shall take place in the
wall during seismic acceleration. Hence the wall is taken as zero period structure and the spectral
acceleration coefficient of the wall is taken as 1.00.
Adopting the method prescribed in IS: 1893: 1984 the dynamic active pressure coefficient is
given by the equation
s

2
a
h
S Z I
R g
=
a
S
g
2
3
v h
=
2
2
1 2
2
(1 )cos ( ) 1
*
cos .cos .cos( )
sin( )sin( )
1
cos( )cos( )
v
a
c
i
i




(
(
(

=
(
+ +
(
+
+
(
`
+ +
(
)
COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALLL NO. 11(HEIGHT 11.10m)
Putting the values of soil properties and seismic coefficients we calculate
= (Corresponding to +
v
) =tan
-1
0.09/(1+0.06) = 4.85
=
Cos( ) =Cos (40-4.85-0) = 0.82
Cos( + + ) = 0.91
Cos = 1.00
Cos = 1.00
Sin( + ) = = 0.87
Sin( i ) = 0.58
Cos( i) = 1.00
Ca = 0.259
Co-efficient of active earth pressure under static conditions
Ka = 0.22
Proportioning of Wall Components
The height of the wall above the base =H 9.0 m
Base width, b =0.6 H to 0.7 H i.e. 5.40 m to 6.30 m
Take Base width, L = 5.00 m
Toe Projection =b/4 = 1.25 m
Provide Toe Projection = 1.10 m
Thickness of stem slab =0.06H = 0.54 m
Provide thickness of stem slab = 0.40 m
Thickness of stem slab at top = 0.40 m
Spacing of counterfort, = 2.87 m
Provide spacing of counterforts = 2.800 m
Assume thickness of counterforts = 0.30 m
C/C spacing of counterfort = 3.100 m
Thickness of base slab shall be nearly =
i) 112.59 cm = 1.13 m
ii) 55.80 cm = 0.56 m
Provide thickness of base slab = 0.40 m
Length of heal slab = 3.50 m
1
tan
1
h
v

2 2
2 2
cos cos cos
cos
cos cos cos
a
i i
K
i i

(

= (
+ (

0.25
3.5
s
H
L

| |
=
|
\ .
4.17.l Hcm
2. . l Hcm
COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALLL NO. 11(HEIGHT 11.10m)
Calculation of pressures
Active pressure = 176.13 kN/m
Dynamic pressure = 209.41 kN/m
Dynamic increment = 33.29 kN/m
Horizontal Component Active Pressure, =P
a
.cos (i )= 176.13 kN/m
Vertical Component of Active Pressure,=P
a
.sin (i ) 0.00 kN/m
Horizontal Component of Dynamic increment=P
e
.cos(i) 33.29 kN/m
Vertical Component of dynamic increment=P
e
.sin(i) 0.00 kN/m
Check Stability of wall
0.50
0.40 0.00
7.5 3
H'= 9.00
3.50
1.50 1.10
0.4
O
L=5
0.40
Proportion of retaining wall
Calculation of weight
Section 1 = 86.00 kN
Distance of C.G. From 'O' in horizontal direction
0.5x(0.4-0.4)x(9-0.4)x2/3(0.4-0.4)+0.4x(9-0.4)x(1.1+(0.4-0.4)+(0.4/2) 1.30
Distance of C.G. From 'O' in vertical direction
0.5x(0.4-0.4)x(9-0.4)x(1+(1/3(9-0.4))+0.4x(9-0.4)x(0.4+1/2(9-0.4)) 4.70 m
Section 2 = 50.00 kN
Distance of C.G. From 'O' in horizontal direction=
5/2 = 2.50 m
Distance of C.G. From 'O' in vertical direction= = 0.20 m
Section 3: (Weight of soil)
=3.5x(9-0.4)x20 = 602.00 kN
Distance of C.G. from O=- 5-(3.5/2) = 3.25 m
176.13xcos0=
176.13xsin0=
33.29xcos0=
176.13xsin0=
Horizontal componemnt of active pressure wil act at H/3 from base and horizontal component of
dynamic increment will act at H/2 from base
0.5x(0.4-0.4)x(9-0.4)+(0.4x(9-0.4))
0.5x(0.4-0.4)x(9-0.4)+(0.4x(9-0.4))
1
2
2
1
.
2
e a s
P C H =
2
1
.
2
a a s
P K H =
COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALLL NO. 11(HEIGHT 11.10m)
Section 4 (Weight of triangular portion of soil)
=0.5x0x3.5x20 = 0.00 kN
Distance of C.G. from O= 5-(1/3x3.5) = 3.83 m
Calculation of overturning moment about toe of the wall i.e. point 'O'
Static Conditions
1 Active pressure,Pa cosi 176.13 3.00 528.39
Seismic condition
2 Section 1 86.00 7.74 4.70 36.38
3 Section 2 50.00 4.50 0.20 0.90
4 Dynamic pressure 33.29 4.50 149.79
Total 136.00 221.65 M
O=
715.45
Calculation of resisting moments about toe of the wall i.e. point 'O'
Static Condition
1 Section 1 1.30 111.80
2 Section 2 2.50 125.00
3 Section 3 3.25 1956.50
4 Section 4 3.83 0.00
Total M
R
= 2193.30
Factor of safety against overturning = =2193.3/715.46 = 3.07 SAFE
Co-efficient of friction of soil and wall at base = 0.84
Take value of = 0.55
Factor of safety against sliding= = 1.83 SAFE
Net Moment M= = 1477.85 kNm
let x be the distance from toe where the resultant R acts,
x=M/W = 2.00 m
`
Eccenticity ,e = 0.50
Maximum pressure at toe =738/5(1+6x0.5/5)= 235.72 kN/m
2
O.K.
Lever
arm
Overturning
moment
Sr. No. Horizonta
l force kN
Vertical
Weight,
Description
Sr. No. Description Vertical Weight, Lever
arm
Overturning
moment
738.00
No Tension will Occour
86.00
50.00
602.00
0.00
(
)/ (

)
tan =
W
H

2
L
x =
6
1
W
e
L L
(
= +
(

COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALLL NO. 11(HEIGHT 11.10m)

Minimum pressure at heel =738/5(1-6x0.5/5)= 59.48 kN/m
2
0.00
W R
P
H
A B C D
O
x e b/2
59.48
235.72
196.95 182.85
Intensity of pressure at junction of stem i.e. under B
P
B
=59.49+(235.72-59.49)x3.9/5 196.95
kN/m
2
Intensity of pressure at junction of stem with heel. i.e. under C
P
C
=59.49+(235.72-59.49)x3.5/5 182.85
kN/m
2
Design of Toe Slab
Grade of concrete = M20
Moment factore R
u
for M20 = 2.76
Strength of Concrete f
ck
= 20
kN/m
2
Strength of Steel f
y
= 415
kN/m
2
Intensity of pressure at B = 196.95 kN/m
2
Neglecting the weight of soil above toe slab, the forces acting on toe slab are
i) Downward weight of toe slab
ii) Upward soil pressure on lengtn AB
Moment at 'B =196.95x1.1^2/2+(235.72-196.95)x1.1(2/3x1.1) 144.38 kNm
-20x1.1x0.4x1.1/2
Factored Moment =1.5x144.38 = 216.57 kNm
Depth required , = 280.12 mm
Depth Provided = 360.00 mm
OK
6
1
W
e
L L
(
=
(

u
u
M
d
R b
=
COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALLL NO. 11(HEIGHT 11.10m)
Area of steel required = = 1868.17 mm
2
Minimum area of steel required =0.12x1000x360/100 = 432.00 mm
2
Use Dia of Bar = 16 mm
Spacing required =201x1000/1868.17 = 107.59 mm
Provide Spacing = 150 mm
Area of steel provided = 1340 mm
2
Provide 16mm dia bars @150 C/C
Check for Shear
Intensity of pressure at a distance 360 from face of support
=59.49+(235.72-59.49)x(3.9+0.36)/5 = 209.63 kN/m
2
Net Vertical Shear=Shear due to pressure varying from 209.63 to 235.72 kN/m2
minus shear due to downward force of slab in length of 0.74 m (1.1-0.36)
=209.64+235.72x0.74/2-(25x0.4x0.74) = 161.08 kN
Factored shear force = 241.62 kN
Shear stress, = 0.67 N/mm
2
P
t
=100x1340/1000x360 = 0.37
Shear Strength of concrete, = 0.42 N/mm
2
Shear Reinforcement Required
No. of legs of vertical stirrups = 4
Dia of stirrups = 12.00 mm
Area of stirrups, Asv = 452.39 mm2
Spacing of stirrups required = 662.27 mm
Provide spacing 200 mm
Provide 12mm dia single legged ties @200 C/C bothways
Design of Heel Slab
Consider 1 m wide strip near the outer edge D
The forces acting near the edge are
i) Downward weight of soil of height = 172.00 kN/m
ii) Downward wieght of heel slab = 10.00 kN/m
iii) Upward soil pressure intensity at D = 59.48 kN/m
Net Pressure, P = 122.52 kN/m
Maximum moment = = 98.11 kNm
Factored Moment = 147.17 kNm
Since the soil pressure induce compression in the wall, the critical section for shear is taken at a distance
d from face of stem.
Theheel slab is designed as acontinuous slab supported on counterforts. Thedownward forcewill be
maximum at the edge of the slab where intensity of soil pressure is minimum.
2
0.5 4.6
1 1
ck u
st
y ck
f M
A bd
f f bd
(
=
(

u
v
V
bd
=
0.87. . .
( )
y sv
v
u c
f A d
S
V V
=

2
.
12
p L
M =
COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALLL NO. 11(HEIGHT 11.10m)
Area of steel required = = 1218.42 mm
2
Minimum area of steel required =0.12x1000x360/100 = 432.00 mm
2
Use Dia of Bar = 12 mm
Spacing required =113x1000/1218.43 = 92.74 mm
Provide Spacing = 200 mm
Area of steel provided = 565 mm
2
Provide 12mm dia bars @200 C/C
Check for Shear
Maximum shear force 149.47 kN
Factored shear force = 224.20 kN
Shear stress, = 0.62 N/mm
2
P
t
=100x565/1000x360 = 0.16
Shear Strength of concrete, = 0.29 N/mm
2
Shear Reinforcement Required
Distribution steel
A
st
on each face =0.12x1000x360/2x100 = 216.00 mm
2
Use Dia of Bar = 12 mm
Spacing required =113x1000/216 = 523.15 mm
Provide Spacing = 200 mm
Area of steel provided = 565 mm
2
Provide 12mm dia bars @200 C/C on each face
Design of Stem (Vertical Slab)
Earth pressure at bottom of stem slab =0.26x20x(9-0.4) = 44.47 kN/m
Horizontal component of earth pressure = 44.47 kN/m
Moment,
Maximum moment = = 29.05 kNm
Factored Moment = 43.58 kNm
Effective depth of stem slab = 340.00 mm
Area of steel required = = 241.97 mm
2
Minimum area of steel required =0.12x1000x/100 = 408.00 mm
2
Use Dia of Bar = 16 mm
Spacing required =201x1000/408 = 492.65 mm
Provide Spacing = 200 mm
Area of steel provided = 1005 mm
2
Provide 16mm dia bars @200 C/C
The stem acts as a continuous slab spanning between the counterforts. It issubjected to linearly varying
earth pressure having maximum intensity at bottom.Consider 1 m wide strip at bottom of stem at C.
2
0.5 4.6
1 1
ck u
st
y ck
f M
A bd
f f bd
(
=
(

u
v
V
bd
=
2
.
12
wL
M =
2
0.5 4.6
1 1
ck u
st
y ck
f M
A bd
f f bd
(
=
(

COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALLL NO. 11(HEIGHT 11.10m)
Distribution steel
A
st
on each face =0.12x1000x452.38934211693/2x100 = 271.43
mm
2
Use Dia of Bar = 12 mm
Spacing required =113x1000/271.44 = 416.31 mm
Provide Spacing = 200 mm
Area of steel provided = 565 mm
2
Provide 12mm dia bars @200 C/C on each face
Design of Counterfort
At any section at any depth h below the top E the horizontal earth pressure acting upon the counterfort
Pressure intensity at base = 44.47 kN/m
Total Moment at base=0.5x44.47x8.6x2.8x8.6/3 = 1534.81 kNm
Factored Moment = 2302.21 kNm
Depth required , = 1667.47 mm
' =(90-63.44)
Available depth 26.57
1.80

=3.9/tan(26.57)= 7.80
9.00
=63.44
d
3.00
O
3.00
3.90
tan = 2.00
= 63.43
' = 26.57
Depth available sin ' = 0.45
=(9+1.8-0.4)xsin '-70 = 4581 mm
4582>>1667.47 OK
Area of steel required = = 1423.20 mm
2
Minimum area of steel required = 2814.84 mm
2
Use Dia of Bar = 20 mm
No. of bars required = 4.53
Thickness of counterfort is 400mm .The counterforts are provided at 2.8m C/C.They are subjected to
earth pressure and downward reaction from the heel slab
u
u
M
d
R b
=
2
0.5 4.6
1 1
ck u
st
y ck
f M
A bd
f f bd
(
=
(

COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALLL NO. 11(HEIGHT 11.10m)
Bars Provided = 5
Area of steel provided = 1570 mm
2
Provide 20mm dia bars
Design of horizontal ties
The direct pull by the wall on counterfort for 1 m height = 124.51 kN
Area of steel required to resist direct pull 124.52/0.87fy = 344.86 mm
2
No. of legs of strirrups = 2.00
Dia of stirrups = 12.00 mm
Area of stirrups, A
sv
= 226.19
mm
2
Spacing of stirrups required, = 655.91 mm
Provide spacing of Stirrups = 200.00 mm
Provide 12mm dia two legged stirrrups @200 C/C
Design of Vertical ties
The maximum pull will be exerted at the end of heel slab where the net downward force 343.05kN
Consider one meter stripTotal downward force at D =
Area of steel required to resist direct pull =343.05/0.87fy = 211.07 mm
2
No. of legs of strirrups = 2.00
Dia of stirrups = 12 mm
Area of stirrups, A
sv
= 226.19
mm
2
Spacing of stirrups required, = 1071.68
mm
2
Provide spacing of Stirrups = 200 mm
Provide 12mm dia two legged stirrrups @200 C/C
Due to horizontal earth pressure, the vertical stem has a tendency of separating out from the counterforts,
Hence it should be tied to it by horizontal ties.
Due to net vertical down ward force acting on the base slab, it has a tendency to separate out from the
counterfort. This is prevented by providing vertical ties.
sv
A
sv
A
COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALLL NO. 11(HEIGHT 11.10m)
Zone zone factor
II 0.10
III 0.16
IV 0.26
V 0.34
COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALLL NO. 11(HEIGHT 11.10m)
COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALLL NO. 11(HEIGHT 11.10m)
COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALLL NO. 11(HEIGHT 11.10m)
COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALLL NO. 11(HEIGHT 11.10m)
M20 2.76
M25 3.45
COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALLL NO. 11(HEIGHT 11.10m)
201.06
6.24 6.24
COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALLL NO. 11(HEIGHT 11.10m)
113.10
14.80 14.80
113.10
201.06
COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALLL NO. 11(HEIGHT 11.10m)
113.10
314.16