AGFA B&W Chemicals

16hNl6Al 0A1A
A6lA 8lA6k-AN0-whl1 6hMl6AlS

li|m precessing
- 1
400
500
Along wLh lab equpmenL and flm and paper qualLy,
chemcals are a ma|or facLor for Lhe effcenL operaLon of a
phoLographc lab. Jhey conLrbuLe Lo Lhe smooLh runnng of
boLh fnsher and amaLeur labs. llucLuaLons n pcLure qualLy
and unnecessary cosLs caused by re|ecLs and wasLed Lme
musL be prevenLed.
Jhe vareLy of a phoLographc labs work calls for a wde
range of developers, fxers and auxlary producLs Lo guaran-
Lee Lhe consumer relablLy and economy. Agfas range of
phoLo-chemcals meeLs Lhese requremenLs.
WLh Lhe ever-rsng qualLy sLandards opLmum resulLs can
no longer be acheved solely by emulson Lechnology. Jhe
followng characLersLcs decde Lhe choce of Lhe negaLve
developer:
- speed of developmenL
- conLrol of conLrasL
- speed yeld
- fne-granularLy
- resolvng power
- sharp conLours
- yeld
- replenshablLy
- sLorage lfe
Jhese feaLures vary from developer Lo developer. Jhe
consumer has Lo decde whch developer characLersLcs are
needed, for nsLance sharpness or fne-granularLy.
2
Index 2=CA
1. Storage, safety at work, handlng photochemcals ........................................................................... 3
2. Short product descrptons .................................................................................................................... 3
3. Processng nstructons .......................................................................................................................... 4
3. 6eneral nsLrucLons ........................................................................................................................................................ 4
3.2 JemperaLure...................................................................................................................................................................... 4
3.3 Speed.................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
3.4 ConLrasL ............................................................................................................................................................................. 4
3.5 LengLhenng Lme for mulLple baLches |small Lank, Lray, drum) .......................................................................... 4
3.6 uevelopmenL Lmes of A6lAPAh flms ...................................................................................................................... 4
4. use of developer concentrates ............................................................................................................. 5
4. kuuIhAL ............................................................................................................................................................................ 5
4.2 kuuIhAL SPLCIAL ........................................................................................................................................................... 7
4.3 SJUuIuhAL LIQUIu ......................................................................................................................................................... 8
5. use of powder developers ..................................................................................................................... 9
5. AJuVAL ll ........................................................................................................................................................................ 9
5.2 kLlIhAL ........................................................................................................................................................................... 0
5.3 keplenshmenL of 8/W developers ...........................................................................................................................
6. Stop bath |nterrupter) ......................................................................................................................... 11
7. use of fxers .......................................................................................................................................... 12
7. A6LlIX ............................................................................................................................................................................. 2
7.2 ACIuulIX......................................................................................................................................................................... 2
7.3 lxer monLorng............................................................................................................................................................. 2
7.4 Slver recovery................................................................................................................................................................ 3
7.5 lxer recyclng ................................................................................................................................................................ 3
8. Inal wash.............................................................................................................................................. 13
9. use of auxlares .................................................................................................................................. 13
9. A6LPuh ........................................................................................................................................................................... 3
9.2 AL6LZIu II ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3
9.3 SISJAh ............................................................................................................................................................................. 4
10. Lnvronmental protecton and dsposal ............................................................................................. 14
11. Iurther nformaton .............................................................................................................................. 14
12. Chemcal range ..................................................................................................................................... 15
C-SW6
1. Storage, safety at work, handlng
photochemcals
Storage
Jhe chemcals should be sLored n Lher orgnal packagng aL
LemperaLures beLween 8 C and 25 C. If Lhe LemperaLure s Loo
low, cerLan subsLances may crysLallse n Lhe lqud concenLraLes,
whch could resulL n wrong baLh mxLures f Lhs s noL Laken
nLo accounL when makng up Lhe mxng. Jhe effecLs of drecL
heaL musL also be avoded, because hgh LemperaLures can Lrgger
a premaLure chemcal reacLon n concenLraLes LhaL are prone Lo
oxdaLon, and Lhs n Lurn can lead Lo Lhe baLh becomng spolL.
Safety aspects when workng wth photochemcals
Jhere are cerLan precauLons |e.g. avodng conLacL wLh food
and drnks) and safeLy measures whch should be observed when
workng wLh phoLographc processng chemsLry. Jhey nclude
adequaLe venLlaLon aL Lhe workplace and, where necessary,
Lhe wearng of proLecLve gloves and goggles.
ubservng all Lhe safeLy precauLons wll ensure a hgh level of
safeLy aL work. heverLheless, wLh parLcularly sensLve people,
Lhe possblLy of rrLaLon Lo Lhe skn and mucous membranes
and, n solaLed cases, allergc skn reacLons, cannoL be excluded
when workng wLh phoLographc chemcals.
Jhere are specal regulaLons concernng Lhe LransporL and
handlng of dangerous subsLances whch apply Lo cerLan
phoLochemcals.Jhese are gven on Lhe packs of all producLs
whch musL be specally labelled. Jhe nsLrucLons enclosed
wLh Lhe producLs or Lhe labels on Lhe packs conLan exLra safeLy
recommendaLons.
SafeLy daLa sheeLs n several languages are avalable for all
phoLochemcal producLs from Lhe appropraLe Agfa sales
organsaLon. Jhese safeLy daLa sheeLs also conLan specfc
nformaLon on Lhe subsLances conLaned n Lhe producLs.
2. Short product descrptons
Developers
- kuuIhAL
Jhe LradLonal one-shoL developer wLh very good conLour
sharpness and hgh speed yeld. Jhe concenLraLe can be maLched
Lo any sub|ecL conLrasL by dluLng as appropraLe.
- kuuIhAL SPLCIAL
Jhe fne-gran developer for ndvdual negaLve developmenL.
IL balances conLrasL, and produces sharp and fne-gran nega-
Lves.
- SJUuIuhAL LIQUIu
Jhe lqud negaLve developer wLh excepLonal sharpness and
fne-granularLy, good speed yeld and consLanL conLrasL over
a long perod.
- AJuVAL ll
hegaLve developer wLh excepLonally fne-gran acLon for use
n Lank equpmenL wLh replenshmenL. very good yeld and
processng conssLency.
- kLlIhAL
Jhe allround fne-gran balancng developer, wLh hgh speed
yeld and consLanL conLrasL. lor processng boLh n small Lanks
and drums and n Lank processors wLh replenshmenL.
Ixers
- A6LlIX
Lqud fxer concenLraLe. uependng on dluLon can be used as
sLandard or fasL fxer.
- ACIuulIX
Acd fasL fxng salL on ammonum LhosulphaLe bass.
Auxlary products
- A6LPuh
WeLLng agenL concenLraLe for makng up Lhe fnal baLh.
Lnsures LhaL Lhe waLer drans evenly from Lhe flm surface, and
so cuLs Lhe dryng Lme.
- AL6LZIu II
hghly acLve bocde Lo sLop Lhe formaLon of mcro-organsms
n washng Lanks and wash waLer deslverng unLs.
- SISJAh
Image slver sLablzer. ProLecLs flms from Lhe deLeroraLon of
mage slver caused by envronmenLal polluLon.
3
C-SW6
3. Processng nstructons
3.1 6eneral nstructons
IL s a well-known facL LhaL Lhe resulLs of developmenL depend
noL only on Lhe Lme, LemperaLure and Lype of soluLon, buL also
on Lhe process meLhod used |Lray, small Lank, drum, large Lank).
Jo obLan reproducble resulLs, Lhe followng nsLrucLons should
be followed:
- lor processng n small Lanks, agLaLe |LlL) Lhe Lank conLnuously
for Lhe frsL mnuLe, and Lhen LlL every LhrLy seconds. Avod
developng Lmes under Lhree mnuLes.
- lor processng n drums |roLary process), choose a speed
greaLer Lhan 30 rpm |changng Lhe drecLon of roLaLon). Avod
developng Lmes under Lhree mnuLes.
In boLh cases Lhe mxed developer soluLon s puL nLo Lhe
developng Lank aL Lhe specfed LemperaLure |as a rule 20C).
uurng developmenL make sure LhaL Lhe chosen LemperaLure s
kepL consLanL.
3.2 Jemperature
If Lhe specfed developer LemperaLure of 20C cannoL be kepL
Lo, Lhe developng Lme musL be correspondngly shorLened or
lengLhened. Jhe developng Lmes aL dfferenL LemperaLures
|8C Lo 24C) are shown n Lhe relevanL Lme/LemperaLure
graphs.
3.3 Speed
Jhe flm speed gven s Lhe effecLve speed for Lhe flm-developer
sysLem nvolved |wLh a mean conLrasL of 0.65).
If msLakes are made n exposure, L s sLll possble Lo produce
sLandard negaLves wLh Lhe ad of Lhs fgure. lor nsLance, a
slghLly overexposed A6lAPAh flm can be developed n kuuIhAL
+25 wLh sLandard resulLs, n spLe of Lhe wrong exposure.
3.4 Contrast
Jhe developng Lmes gven are gudes. uependng on Lhe sub|ecL
conLrasL, Lhe negaLve conLrasL |gradaLon of Lhe negaLves) may
be affecLed by Lhe developng Lme, .e. Lhe flms are developed aL
a lower or hgher conLrasL |gamma value). If Lhe sub|ecL conLrasL s
very greaL, Lhe negaLves are developed flaLLer |= 0.55). WLh low
sub|ecL conLrasL Lhe negaLves are developed Lo hgher conLrasL
|=0.75).
kemember LhaL Lhe speed yeld can rse or fall, .e. a developmenL-
nduced lower or hgher flm speed Lhan LhaL specfed by Lhe
manufacLurer musL be compensaLed by a longer or shorLer
exposure. |Jhs musL be ndvdually found for each flm/developer
combnaLon).
6enerally developmenL ams aL medum negaLve conLrasL
|= 0.65). kemember however LhaL condenser enlargers requre
flaLLer negaLves, and enlargers wLh colour mxng heads
someLmes requre sLeeper negaLves.
3.5 Lengthenng tme for multple batches
|small tank, tray, drum)
Jo ensure conssLenL speed yeld and conLrasL, Lhe developng
Lmes for each successve baLch musL be lengLhened. IL s noL
possble Lo gve exacL Lmes, snce Lhese are governed by Lhe
dle Lme beLween Lwo baLches and Lhe meLhod of sLorng Lhe
developer |glass or plasLc boLLles, brmful or parL-full, capped
boLLle). If used developer s kepL n brmful LghLly capped boLLles
beLween baLches, Lhe gudng fgures gven n Lhe Lable below
should be used.
Jhe followng s a gude: afLer processng one flm n 500 ml
developer, lengLhen Lhe developng Lme by abouL 0 . WLh a
fve-lLre Lank volume lengLhen Lhe Lme afLer Len flms.
Idle tme between Development lengthened
two batches by
few hours |buL developmenL none `
on same day)
- 3 days + 5
4 - 8 days + 0
- 2 weeks + 5
over 2 weeks + 20
` wLh AJuVAL ll: + 0 .
Jhe exLra Lmes gven above do noL change f several flms are
smulLaneously processed n one baLch.
3.6 Development tmes of A6IAPAN flms
|wLh dfferenL speed raLngs)
A6IAPAN APX 25 PkUILSSIUNAL
Developer Jemperature Lxposed as
ISU 25/15 ISU 50/18
kLlIhAL 20 C 6 mn 0 mn
24 C - 6 mn
SJUuIuhAL LIQUIu 20 C 4 mn 7 mn
kuuIhAL SPLCIAL 24 C - 4 mn
kuuIhAL + 25 20 C 6 mn -
24 C - -
ISU 100/21 ISU 200/24
24 C - 5 mn
SJUuIuhAL LIQUIu 20 C 4 mn 6 mn
kuuIhAL SPLCIAL 24 C - 3.5 mn
kuuIhAL + 25 20 C 8 mn mn
24 C - 8 mn
` uevelopmenL n small Lanks and Lrays.
4
C-SW6
ISU 400/27 ISU 800/30
24 C - 0 mn
SJUuIuhAL LIQUIu 20 C 4.5 mn -
kuuIhAL SPLCIAL 24 C - -
kuuIhAL + 25 20 C 7 mn -
24 C - -
` uevelopmenL n small Lanks and Lrays.
lurLher nformaLon on Lhe ndvdual negaLve developers s
gven n Lhe respecLve producL descrpLon.
uependng on Lhe flm/ developer combnaLon used, dfferenL
speed seLLngs and dfferenL negaLve conLrasLs may resulL.
A hgher negaLve conLrasL can be compensaLed by a flaLLer
paper grade.
4. use of developer concentrates
Use some of Lhe mxng waLer for rnsng ouL Lhe chemcal Lanks.
Jhs removes chemcal resdues, makng L easer Lo reuse Lhe
Lanks properly.
4.1 kUDINAL
An allround developer concenLraLe, Lred and LesLed for more
Lhan hundred years, on p-amnophenol bass for mxng one-
shoL developers. kuuIhAL feaLures very good conLour sharpness
and a hgh speed yeld. Jhe concenLraLe can be dluLed Lo maLch
any specal sub|ecL conLrasL.
Mxng nstructons
kuuIhAL s dluLed wLh waLer as shown n Lhe Lables | parL
concenLraLe + 25 or 50 parLs waLer). Jhe waLer musL be broughL
Lo 20C before Lhe concenLraLe s added. Use a fnely graduaLed
measure or ppeLLe for makng up Lhe soluLon.
kuuIhAL dluLed for use wll only keep for a shorL Lme, and
should Lherefore be mxed mmedaLely before use.
Yeld
une-shoL developer.
WLh 500 ml concenLraLe abouL ffLy flms |35-36 or 20 roll-
flm) can be developed.
Lfe
kuuIhAL wll keep for aL leasL Lwo years n Lhe orgnal pack.
Jhe concenLraLe wll keep for aL leasL sx monLhs. Jhe workng
soluLon cannoL be reused afLer developmenL.
Dluton and developng tmes |at 20 C)
kUDINAL 1 + 25
koLary process |drum)
Contrast A6IAPAN A6IAPAN A6IAPAN
APX 25 APX 100 APX 400
0.55 - 4 mn 4 mn
0.65 4 mn 7 mn 5 mn
0.75 8 mn 0 mn 6 mn
Small Lank, Lray
0.65 6 mn 8 mn 7 mn
Developng tmes at dfferent temperatures kUDINAL 1 + 25 |small tank)
AGFAPAN APX 25 ISO 20/14
2 4 6 8 10 12
24
22
20
18
C 0.55 C 0.65 C 0.75
2 4 6 8 10 12
24
22
20
18
C 0.55 C 0.65 C 0.75
2 4 6 8 10 12
24
22
20
18
C 0.55 C 0.65 C 0.75
Developing time (min)
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Agtaton
Jray: ConLnuous agLaLon.
Small/bg Lank: ConLnuous for Lhe frsL mnuLe, Lhen every
30 seconds.
urum: ConLnuous, changng Lhe drecLon of roLaLon.
Dluton and developng tmes |at 20 C)
kUDINAL 1 + 50
0.55 4 mn 8 mn 7 mn
0.65 9 mn 4 mn 9 mn
0.75 5 mn 9 mn mn
Small Lank, Lray
0.65 0 mn 7 mn mn
Agtaton
30 seconds.
Ilm speed |exposure ndex)
uependng on Lhe flm/developer combnaLon used, n pracLce
flm speeds may dffer from Lhe nomnal speed raLng. Jhe
followng Lable shows Lhe speed Lo be seL |n pracLce) for Lhe
varous flm Lypes | 0.65).
Ilm type Dluton Jme Speed
A6lAPAh + 25 6 mn ISu 20/4
APX 25 + 50 0 mn ISu 20/4
A6lAPAh + 25 8 mn ISu 25/22
APX 00 + 50 7 mn ISu 60/23
A6lAPAh + 25 7 mn ISu 400/27
APX 400 + 50 mn ISu 500/28
lu| heopan + 25 4.5 mn ISu 250/25
400 Prof. + 50 8 mn ISu 250/25
lu| heopan + 25 3.5 mn ISu 400/27
600 Prof. + 50 8 mn ISu 400/27
Ilford PAh-l Plus + 25 6 mn ISu 50/8
+ 50 2 mn ISu 64/9
Ilford lP 4 Plus + 25 8 mn ISu 00/2
+ 50 8 mn ISu 25/22
Ilford hP 5 Plus + 25 8 mn ISu 400/27
+ 50 ``
Ilford uelLa 00 + 25 9 mn ISu 00/2
+ 50 6 mn ISu 25/22
Ilford uelLa 400 + 25 8 mn ISu 400/27
+ 50 8 mn ISu 400/27
Ilford uelLa 3200 + 25 mn ISu 250/32
+ 50 ``
Ilford SlX 200 + 25 6 mn ISu 00/2
+ 50 5 mn ISu 25/22
Kodak Plus-X + 25 6 mn ISu 25/22
+ 50 3 mn ISu 25/22
Kodak Jr-X + 25 7 mn ISu 500/28
+ 50 4 mn ISu 500/28
Kodak J-VAX 00 + 25 5.5 mn ISu 64/9
+ 50 5 mn ISu 80/20
Kodak J-VAX 400 + 25 6 mn ISu 400/27
+ 50 mn ISu 400/27
Kodak + 25 8 mn ISu 250/32
J-VAX p3200 + 50 6 mn ISu 250/32
Kodak + 25 4.5 mn ISu 640/29
kecordng 2475 + 50 0 mn ISu 640/29
` Small Lank or Lray processng aL 20 C.
`` hoL recommended.
Developng tmes at dfferent temperatures kUDINAL 1 + 50 |small tank)
4 6 8 10 12
24
22
20
18
C 0.55 C 0.65 C 0.75
24
22
20
18
C 0.55 C 0.65 C 0.75
24
22
20
18
C 0.55 C 0.65 C 0.75
14 10 12 14 16 18 20 6 8 10 12 14 16
AGFAPAN APX 25 ISO 20/14 AGFAPAN APX 100 ISO 160/23 AGFAPAN APX 400 ISO 500/28
Developing time (min) Developing time (min) Developing time (min)
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4.2 kUDINAL SPLCIAL
ueveloper concenLraLe ready for mulLple use afLer dluLon. IL
produces fne-gran sharp negaLves wLh balanced conLrasL.
Processng Lmes are parLcularly shorL.
Mxng nstructons
Jhe concenLraLe s dluLed wLh waLer + 5 |= parL concenLraLe
+ 5 parLs waLer).
Yeld
- 0 -2 flms 35-36 or rollflms 20 per lLre
- 50 - 70 sheeL flms 9 2 cm per lLre |= 0.5 - 0.75 m)
Jo ensure unform speed yeld and conLrasL, Lhe developng Lme
musL be lengLhened for each successve baLch |see page 4).
Lfe
Jhe concenLraLe wll keep for aL leasL Lwo years n Lhe orgnal
pack. ueveloper mxed ready for use wll keep for Lhree monLhs
n brmful LghLly capped boLLles. Used developer should be
sLored separaLely from fresh.
Developng tme |at 20 C)
0.55 - - 3 mn
0.65 3 mn 3.5 mn 4 mn
0.75 5 mn 5 mn 5 mn
Small Lank, Lray
0.65 4 mn 4 mn 4,5 mn
Ilm speed |exposure ndex = 0.65)
Ilm type Jme Speed
A6lAPAh APX 25 4 mn ISu 6/3
A6lAPAh APX 400 4.5 mn ISu 400/27
lu| heopan 400 Prof. 3 mn ISu 320/26
Ilford PAh-l Plus 3 mn ISu 50/8
Ilford lP 4 Plus 3.5 mn ISu 00/2
Ilford hP 5 Plus 4 mn ISu 400/27
Ilford uelLa 00 3.5 mn ISu 60/23
Ilford uelLa 3200 6 mn ISu 250/32
Ilford SlX 200 4 mn ISu 25/22
Kodak Plus-X 5 mn ISu 25/22
Kodak Jr-X 3.5 mn ISu 400/27
Kodak J-VAX 00 5 mn ISu 80/20
Kodak J-VAX p3200 6 mn ISu 250/32
Kodak kecordng 2475 6 mn ISu 640/29
Developng tmes at dfferent temperatures kUDINAL SPLCIAL |small tank)
2 4 6 8 10 12
24
22
20
18
C 0.55 C 0.65 C 0.75
2 4 6 8 10 12
24
22
20
18
C 0.55 C 0.65 C 0.75
2 4 6 8 10 12
24
22
20
18
C 0.55 C 0.65 C 0.75
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Developing time (min) Developing time (min) Developing time (min)
7
C-SW6
4.3 SJuDIUNAL LIuID
ueveloper concenLraLe ready for use afLer dluLon. uuLsLandng
sharpness and fne-gran. 6ood speed yeld and conssLenL
gradaLon over long processng perods. AcLve, rapd developer.
Mxng nstructons
SJUuIuhAL LIQUIu s dluLed wLh waLer + 5 |= parL con-
cenLraLe + 5 parLs waLer). If only a parL-quanLLy of Lhe
concenLraLe s used, squeeze Lhe plasLc boLLle before recappng
Lo proLecL Lhe concenLraLe from oxdaLon. Jhe besL meLhod s Lo
mx Lhe compleLe quanLLy and keep Lhe soluLon n full boLLles.
Specfc gravty of freshly mxed soluton |at 20C):
.09 - .025.
Yeld
- 0 - 2 flms 35-36 or rollflms 20 per lLre
Jo ensure unform speed yeld and conLrasL, Lhe developng Lme
musL be lengLhened for each successve baLch |see page 4).
Lfe
Jhe concenLraLe wll keep for aL leasL Lwo years n Lhe orgnal
pack. ueveloper mxed ready for use wll keep for Lhree monLhs
n brmful LghLly capped boLLles. Used developer should be
sLored separaLely from fresh.
Developng tmes |at 20 C)
0.55 - - 3 mn
0.65 3 mn 3.5 mn 4 mn
0.75 5 mn 5 mn 5 mn
Small Lank, Lray
0.65 4 mn 4 mn 4.5 mn
Ilm speed |exposure ndex = 0,65)
Ilm type Jme Speed
A6lAPAh APX 400 4.5 mn ISu 400/27
Ilford lP 4 Plus 3.5 mn ISu 00/2
Kodak Jr-X 3.5 mn ISu 400/27
Developng tmes at dfferent temperatures SJuDIUNAL LIuID |small tank)
2 4 6 8 10 12
24
22
20
18
C 0.55 C 0.65 C 0.75
2 4 6 8 10 12
24
22
20
18
C 0.55 C 0.65 C 0.75
2 4 6 8 10 12
24
22
20
18
C 0.55 C 0.65 C 0.75
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5. use of powder developers
5.1 AJUMAL II
LxLremely fne-gran negaLve developer wLh balancng acLon
n powder form for processng n replenshed Lank equpmenL.
very good yeld, sLorage lfe and processng conssLency.
Mxng nstructons
SLr ParL A nLo aL leasL 75 of Lhe LoLal quanLLy of waLer needed
aL 40C unLl L s compleLely dssolved. Jhen sLr n ParL 8. When
L s dssolved, Lop up wLh waLer Lo Lhe fnal volume. ueveloper
and replensher are ready for use afLer coolng Lo Lhe workng
LemperaLure.
IL s noL advsable Lo wegh parL-quanLLes for smaller volumes,
snce Lhe chemcals may have been separaLed by vbraLon durng
LransporL.
Specfc gravtes of freshly mxed solutons |at 20C):
.046 - .052 = developer
.050 - .056 = replensher
Developng tmes
Process n tanks
Jhe opLmum developng Lme s governed by Lhe prnLng process
concerned, Lhe processng LemperaLure and Lhe gradaLon requred.
Jhe Lmes can be ndvdually deLermned, dependng on Lhe flm
Lype and Lhe above crLera. Jhe followng developng Lmes are
gven here as gudes.
Jemperature Jme
8 C 8 - 0 mn
20 C 6 - 8 mn
22 C 4 - 6 mn
24 C 3 - 5 mn
Yeld
WLh replenshed processes - approx. 4 ml replensher per
35-36 flm: 7 35-36 flms wLh lLre replensher.
Yeld wthout replenshment:
keplenshment: see page .
Lfe
Jhe developer can be kepL dry n Lhe orgnal pack aL room
LemperaLure for aL leasL Lwo years. Unused fresh soluLon wll
keep n brmful LghLly capped boLLles for abouL sx monLhs.
Used developer should be sLored separaLely from fresh. Jhe lfe
of used developer s reduced Lo abouL Lhree monLhs. Jhe lfe of
conLnuously replenshed developer n Lanks wLh floaLng lds s
aL leasL Lwelve monLhs.
AJuVAL ll
0.65 8 mn 6 mn 7 mn
0.75 mn 9 mn 2 mn
Small Lank, Lray
0.65 0 mn 8 mn 0 mn
Agtaton
30 seconds.
Ilm speed |exposure ndex)
uependng on Lhe flm/developer combnaLon used, n pracLce
flm speeds may dffer from Lhe nomnal speed raLng. Jhe followng
Lable shows Lhe speed Lo be seL |n pracLce) for Lhe varous flm
Lypes | = 0.65).
Ilm type Jme |20 C) Jme |20 C) Speed
Small tank/tray drum |ISU)
A6lAPAh APX 25 0 mn 8 mn 6/3
lu| heopan 400 Prof. 8.5 mn 6.5 mn 60/23
lu| heopan 600 Prof. 7.5 mn 5 mn 250/25
Ilford PAh-l 8 mn 6 mn 25/5
Ilford PAh-l Plus 7.5 mn 5.5 mn 20/4
Ilford lP 4 Plus 2 mn 0 mn 00/2
Ilford uelLa 00 7.5 mn 5.5 mn 40/7
Ilford uelLa 400 mn 9 mn 60/23
Ilford hP 5 Plus mn 9 mn 200/24
Kodak Jr-X 0 mn 8 mn 250/25
Kodak J-VAX 00 2 mn mn 50/8
Kodak J-VAX 400 2 mn 0 mn 250/25
Kodak J-VAX p3200 4 mn 2.5 mn 640/29
9
C-SW6
5.2 kLIINAL
Allround very hgh yeld balancng developer n powder form
whch, as drum, small Lank or Lray developer and - wLh proper
replenshmenL - as deep Lank developer, wll ensure a
conssLenLly hgh speed yeld and unform gradaLon over
parLcularly long perods. kLlIhAL produces fne gran and sharp
conLours.
Mxng nstructons
SLr ParL A nLo aL leasL 75 of Lhe LoLal quanLLy of waLer
needed aL 40C unLl compleLely dssolved. Jhen sLr n ParL8.
AfLer L has dssolved, Lop up wLh waLer Lo Lhe fnal volume.
IL s noL advsable Lo wegh parL-quanLLes for smaller volumes,
snce Lhe chemcals may have been separaLed by vbraLon durng
LransporL.
.064 - .070 = developer/ .072 - .078 = replensher
Yeld
WLh replenshed processes - approx. 4 ml replensher per
35-36 flm: 7 flms 35-36 wLh lLre replensher.
Yeld wthout replenshment:
- 50 - 60 sheeL flms 9 2 cm per lLre |= 0.5 - 0.65m)
keplenshment: see page .
Lfe
Jhe developer can be kepL dry n Lhe orgnal pack aL room
LemperaLure for aL leasL Lwo years. Unused fresh soluLon wll
keep n brmful LghLly capped boLLles for abouL sx monLhs.
Used developer should be sLored separaLely from fresh. Jhe lfe
of used developer s reduced Lo abouL Lhree monLhs. Jhe lfe of
replenshed developer n Lanks wLh floaLng lds s aL leasL
Lwelve monLhs.
0.55 3 mn 3 mn 3 mn
0.65 5 mn 5 mn 5 mn
0.75 8 mn 8 mn 8 mn
Small Lank, Lray
0.65 6 mn 6 mn 6 mn
Agtaton
30 seconds
Process n tanks
Jhe opLmum developng Lme s governed by Lhe prnLng process
concerned, Lhe processng LemperaLure and Lhe gradaLon requred.
Jhe Lmes can be ndvdually deLermned, dependng on Lhe flm
Lype and Lhe above crLera. Jhe followng developng Lmes are
gven here as gudes.
Jemperature Jme
8 C 7 - 9 mn
20 C 5 - 7 mn
22 C 4 - 5 mn
24 C 3 - 4 mn
Developng tmes at dfferent temperatures kLIINAL |small tank)
2 4 6 8 10 12
24
22
20
18
C 0.55 C 0.65 C 0.75
2 4 6 8 10 12
24
22
20
18
C 0.55 C 0.65 C 0.75
2 4 6 8 10 12
24
22
20
18
C 0.55 C 0.65 C 0.75
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Ilm speed |exposure ndex = 0,65)
Ilm type Jme Speed
lu| heopan 400 Prof. 3.5 mn ISu 320/26
lu| heopan 600 Prof. 3.5 mn ISu 400/27
Ilford lP 4 Plus 7 mn ISu 60/23
Kodak Jr-X 4 mn ISu 400/27
5.3 keplenshment of 8/W developers
ConLnuous replenshmenL of AJuVAL ll, kLlIhAL and
kLlIhALV developers ensures conssLenL resulLs over long
perods of processng. Jhs means Lhe speed yeld s unformly
good and Lhe gradaLon s consLanL. JheoreLcally Lhe developers
can be replenshed ndefnLely. keplacemenL s only necessary
f Lhe Lank soluLon has been conLamnaLed |e.g. by glue resdues,
gelaLne and slver sludge).
Level replenshment n tanks
Jhe replenshmenL raLe s Lhe same as Lhe amounL of soluLon
carred over by Lhe flms. Jhe Lank conLenLs are Lopped up Lo Lhe
correcL level wLh replensher as needed. Jhen sLr Lhe Lank
soluLon well and leL any suspended parLcles seLLle.
Automatc replenshment
Jhe effecLve replenshmenL raLe depends on Lhe LhroughpuL.
Jhe raLes for a hgh LhroughpuL are relaLvely lower Lhan for a
small LhroughpuL, or when Lhere are long dle Lmes beLween
baLches.
Jhe followng replenshmenL raLes should serve only as gudes:
- per m flm = 250 ml
- per 35-36 flm = 4 ml
- per 20 rollflm = 7 ml
- per 9 2 cm sheeL flm = 2.7 ml
kemedes for over- and under-replenshment
IncorrecL replenshmenL s ndcaLed by Lhe negaLves beng Loo
flaL or Loo sLeep and/or havng Loo low or hgh densLy n spLe of
accuraLe exposure, developng Lme and developer LemperaLure.
In Lhe case of over-replenshment |= developer acLvLy Loo
hgh) Lop up wLh developer Lank soluLon unLl Lhe fresh sLaLe s
reached.
N8! Jhe replensher musL never be mxed wLh fresh soluLon or
dluLed wLh waLer. In Lhe case of under-replenshmenL |= developer
acLvLy Loo low), Lhe replenshmenL raLe musL be rased or parL of
Lhe Lank conLenLs replaced wLh replensher.
Ad|usLmenLs of Lhs knd can be repeaLed a number of Lmes.
6. Stop bath |nterrupter)
A sLop baLh s recommended beLween developer and fxer f Lhe
machne confguraLon permLs. Jhs has Lhe followng funcLons:
- IL sLops posL-developmenL.
- IL sLops alkalne developer beng carred over nLo Lhe fxer. Jhs
prevenLs Lhe formaLon of dchroc fog.
- IL permLs Lhe use of a neuLral fxer |e.g. lX-UhIvLkSAL) n
combnaLon wLh lX recyclng.
- IL lengLhens Lhe lfe of Lhe fxer.
Jhe 2 aceLc acd sLop baLh s mxed as follows:
- parL aceLc acd |60 ) + 30 parLs waLer.
WLh machne processng, Lhe sLop baLh can be replenshed wLh
a 5 aceLc acd soluLon. lormula for Lhe replensher:
- parL aceLc acd |60 ) + parLs waLer.
Process data
Stop bath Jme keplensher keplenshment rate
tank soluton |at 20 - 25 C)
2 aceLc 0 - 30 s 5 aceLc 90 ml/m flm
acd acd 50 ml/flm 35-36
60 ml/roll flm 20
9.8 ml/sheeL flm
9 2 cm
C-SW6
7. use of fxers
7.1 A6LIIX
hghly concenLraLed lqud fxer on ammonum LhosulphaLe bass
wLh opLum chemsLry for fxng speed, yeld and sLorage lfe.
uependng on dluLon, A6LlIX can be used as sLandard or rapd
fxer.
Mxng nstructons
Jhe concenLraLe s dluLed wLh waLer |aL approx. 30C) aL a raLo
of + 7 or + 5. Jhe fxer s ready for use afLer Lhorough sLrrng.
SLandard fxer:
parL concenLraLe + 7 parLs waLer
kapd fxer:
parL concenLraLe + 5 parLs waLer
.048 - .054 = dluLon + 7
.062 - .068 = dluLon + 5
A6LIIX process data
Stop bath Jme keplensher keplenshment rate
tank soluton |at 20 - 25 C)
A6LlIX 3 - 5 mn A6LlIX 90 ml/m flm
+ 5 + 4 50 ml/flm 35-36
60 ml/roll flm 20
9.8 ml/sheeL flm
9 2 cm
A6LlIX 6 - 8 mn A6LlIX as sLaLed above
+ 7 + 6
Yeld wthout replenshment |per ltre):
- approx. square meLre flm
- 5 - 30 flms 35 - 36
- 5 - 30 rollflms 20
- 00 sheeL flms 9 2 cm
uurng use Lhe composLon of Lhe fxer changes. Jo acheve
perfecL resulLs Lhe fxer should Lherefore be checked regularly
and replaced n good Lme wLh fresh soluLon |see lxer
monLorng).
ConLnuous replenshmenL of machne processes ensures un-
form resulLs over lengLhy perods, and consequenLly a long fxer
lfe.
Lfe
A6LlIX wll keep for up Lo Lwo years n Lhe unopened orgnal
pack. upened packs and ready soluLons should be used wLhn
Lhree monLhs.
7.2 ACIDUIIX
kapd fxer n powder form on ammonum LhosulphaLe bass
wLh opLmum chemsLry for fxng speed, yeld and sLorage lfe.
Mxng nstructons
Jhe pack conLenLs are sLrred nLo Lhe appropraLe quanLLy of
waLer aL abouL 40C. AfLer coolng Lo workng LemperaLure Lhe
fxer s ready for use.
Specfc gravty of freshly mxed soluton |at 20C):
.074 - .080
ACIDUIIX process data
Jank soluton Ixng tme Yeld per ltre
|at 20 - 25 C)
ACIuulIX 2 - 3 mn approx. m
5 - 30 flms 35-36
5 - 30 roll flms 20
00 sheeL flms 9 2 cm
50 ml/flm 35-36
Jhe fxng Lmes depend on Lhe flm Lype |emulson, slver
coaLng), LemperaLure, agLaLon and Lhe sLaLe of exhausLon of
Lhe soluLon. Jhe shorLer Lmes apply Lo freshly mxed fxers.
Used soluLons requre longer fxng Lmes.
uurng use Lhe composLon of Lhe fxer changes. Jo acheve
perfecL resulLs Lhe fxer should Lherefore be checked regularly
and replaced n good Lme wLh fresh soluLon |see lxer
monLorng).
Lfe
ACIuulIX can be kepL dry n Lhe unopened orgnal pack for aL
leasL Lwo years. keady soluLon should be used wLhn Lhree
monLhs.
7.3 Ixer montorng
A rsng slver conLenL, dluLon and changes n acdLy reduce
Lhe fxers sLrengLh. Jhe Ph, slver conLenL and specfc gravLy -
parLcularly n unreplenshed processes- should be conLnuously
monLored.
Jhe chemcal Lrade supples acd LesL paper for checkng Lhe ph,
e.g. Lyphan L669 paper from Kloz Co., 8erln. Jhe paper sLrp s
dpped nLo Lhe soluLon and Lhe change n colour compared
wLh a LesL charL. Jhs paper s accuraLe enough for Lhe fxer ph.
Jhe specfc gravLy s measured wLh a hydromeLer |aeromeLer).
Jhe fxer s poured nLo a graduaLed cylnder, nLo whch Lhe
hydromeLer s Lhen puL. Jhe specfc gravLy can be read off on
Lhe hydromeLer scale from Lhe hghesL ponL of Lhe soluLon
level. Jhe vewers eye should be level wLh Lhe surface of Lhe
soluLon. Jhe hgher Lhe hydromeLer floaLs, Lhe greaLer Lhe specfc
gravLy s.
Jo LesL Lhe slver conLenL of used fxers, a sLrp of sLandard slver
LesL paper abouL 5 cm long s dpped nLo Lhe soluLon. AfLer a
few seconds Lhe LesL sLrp s compared wLh Lhe colour charL.
2
C-SW6
Jhe values for soluLon n use are:
- acdLy beLween ph 4 and ph 8
- Lhe specfc gravLy should noL fall much below Lhe readng for
fresh soluLon
- slver conLenL noL over 4 g/lLre |n properly replenshed
machne processes Lhe slver conLenL does noL exceed Lhs
fgure).
If Lhe fgures obLaned vary very much from Lhose gven above, L
s advsable Lo mx fresh fxer Lo manLan Lhe qualLy of Lhe
resulLs.
7.4 Slver recovery
LlecLrolyLc slver recovery s possble from fxers whch conLan
up Lo 4 g slver per lLre. If Lhe quanLLes of fxer are large
enough, L may be worLhwhle Lo use a slver recovery unL.
Smaller quanLLes should be dealL wLh by a suLable exLernal
company.
7.5 Ixer recyclng
In Lhe same way as wLh Lhe A6lACuLuk processes, fnshers
can also recover Lhe slver from black and whLe fxer overflow,
and recycle Lhe soluLon Lo produce replensher. lor Lhs lX-
UhIvLkSAL musL be used. ueLaled nformaLon on Lhs sub|ecL
s avalable from Agfa agenLs.
8. Inal wash
A Lhorough fnal wash s essenLal Lo ensure good sLorage lves
for all black and whLe negaLves. uependng on LemperaLure,
agLaLon and wash waLer LhroughpuL raLe, Lhe followng wash-
ng Lmes are needed for all flms:
- 5 + 5 mnuLes aL 20 - 25 C
- 20 + 5 mnuLes aL 5 - 20 C
Jhe LemperaLure of Lhe wash waLer should noL vary by more Lhan
+5C from Lhe LemperaLure of Lhe process soluLons.
Washng raLe: approx. 2 - 3 lLres per mnuLes |runnng).
Jhe washng Lme can be reduced Lo abouL 6 mnuLes for Agfa
black and whLe flms -aL waLer LemperaLures of approx. 20C-
by Lhe followng measures:
- runnng wash, waLer quanLLy 6 lLres per mnuLe
- several exchanges of waLer |aL leasL Lhree) wLh adequaLe
agLaLon |LlL Lhe developng Lank aL leasL fve Lmes).
Dryng
- AL 30 - 40 C n a dryng cabneL.
- AL room LemperaLure n a dusL-free place.
9. use of auxlares
9.1 A6LPUN
Jhs s a concenLraLed weLLng agenL used as a fnal baLh afLer
Lhe lasL wash. IL ensures even dranng of Lhe waLer off Lhe flm
surface, so LhaL no dropleLs, sLans or sLreaks are lefL. A6LPuh
cuLs down Lhe dryng Lme.
Mxng nstructons
A6LPuh s dluLed wLh waLer + 200 |= capfull A6LPuh Lo
one lLre waLer). hgher concenLraLons do noL mprove Lhe resulLs.
Jhe flms are agLaLed n Lhe weLLng soluLon for a half Lo one
mnuLe, and Lhen dred wLhouL rnsng.
Yeld
AbouL 00 Lo 200 flms can be LreaLed n one lLre of A6LPuh.
Jhe soluLon musL be replaced when Lhe waLer does noL dran
evenly off Lhe flm surface.
Lfe
Jhe concenLraLe wll keep vrLually ndefnLely n closed boLLles.
Jhe lfe of ready soluLon depends on Lhe Lype of waLer used.
uluLed A6LPuh should noL be used for longer Lhan Lwo weeks.
9.2 AL6L2ID II
Jhs s a powerful bocde for sLoppng fung and algae formaLon
n wash Lanks and slver recovery unLs. Properly used AL6LZIuII
does noL have any adverse effecLs on phoLographc maLerals. IL
musL noL be puL nLo Lhe processng soluLons.
use
AfLer shuL-down 2 ml AL6LZIu II per Len lLres s added Lo Lhe
washng Lanks. Jhe waLer does noL need Lo be draned off before
Lhe nexL baLch.
Lfe
3
C-SW6
9.3 SISJAN
Jhs s an mage slver sLablzer for black and whLe maLerals.
SISJAh proLecLs flms from changes n Lhe slver mage caused
by envronmenLal effecLs. Jhese faulLs nLally appear as reddsh
Lo yellowsh-brown hghlghL dscoloraLon, and Lhe compleLe
negaLve may be desLroyed by Lhe slver beng converLed Lo a
collodal form. ILs causes are ndusLral and Lraffc fumes, and
fumes from heaLng ol, plasLc panLs, compressed boardng,
cardboard wLh an acd conLenL, glues, sLcky Lape, freshly cuL
PvC and brLLle rubber, and also ozone and all subsLances gvng
off peroxde.
Mxng nstructons
lor use 50 ml SISJAh s dluLed wLh 950 ml waLer. Jhe correcLly
processed and washed negaLves are agLaLed for one mnuLe n
SISJAh soluLon afLer Lhe fnal wash.
N8! Joo hgh a SISJAh concenLraLon can lead Lo sLans whch
Lake some Lme Lo appear. Care should Lhen be Laken LhaL Lhe
fronLs and backs of negaLves are wped before dryng Lo avod
parLal over-concenLraLon caused by dred drops of SISJAh. Jrans-
porL rollers on mechancal processors should be carefully wped
clean Lo sLop Lhe SISJAh soluLon crysLallzng on Lhem.
Yeld
Up Lo 2 m black and whLe flm per lLre ready soluLon |equvalenL
Lo approx. 30 - 40 roll or 35 mm flms). Jhe soluLon can be used
down Lo Lhe lasL drop.
Lfe
Vxed soluLon should be kepL n capped glass boLLles.
10. Lnvronmental protecton and dsposal
Wash waLer from processors conLanng small quanLLes of
process soluLons are sub|ecL Lo local and ofLen general effluenL
regulaLons coverng dsposal nLo Lhe publc sewage sysLem.
If Lhe effluenL regulaLons do noL permL used phoLographc
soluLons Lo be dscarded nLo Lhe publc sewers even afLer
LreaLmenL, Lhey musL be dsposed of as specal wasLe.
Jhe packagng of Agfa phoLo-chemcals conforms Lo Lhe
requremenLs for safeLy |durng LransporL, sLorng and handlng)
and recyclng.
PhoLo-chemcal packagng musL noL conLan any harmful
mpurLes f L Lakes parL n collecLon and recyclng sysLems.
lor Lhs purpose Lhe packs musL be absoluLely empLy, LhaL s free
of lefLover powder, sludge and drops. PhoLo-chemcal conLaners
should preferably be rnsed ouL as well. IL s besL Lo use some of
Lhe mxng waLer for Lhs.
Queres on envronmenLal proLecLon and wasLe dsposal can be
answered by Lhe envronmenL offcers n Lhe Agfa Sales
organsaLons, or referred Lo Lhe cenLral LnvronmenLal ProLecLon
ueparLmenL n Leverkusen, 6ermany.
11. Iurther nformaton
Jhe nformaLon gven here s based on Lhe evaluaLon of Lypcal
producLs aL Lhe Lme when Lhs Lechncal daLa was prnLed. SlghL
devaLons are possble Lhrough producLon Lolerances. Agfa-
6evaerL s consLanLly endeavourng Lo mprove Lhe qualLy of Lhe
producLs and Lherefore reserves Lhe rghL Lo change producL
specfcaLons wLhouL noLce.
hoLfcaLon of any Lechncal changes, such as replenshmenL
raLes or mxng nsLrucLons, wll be gven mmedaLely n Lhe
pack nsLrucLons and wll be updaLed n all publcaLons.
AddLonal nformaLon on Lhe Agfa black-and-whLe chemcals
s conLaned n Lhe followng publcaLon:
Jechncal Data C-SW56-L:
Agfa black-and-whLe paper processng chemcals.
4
C-SW6
12. Chemcal range
Process soluton Product name Pack sze Code
hegaLve developers/ kuuIhAL 0 25 ml 8vL2L
lqud concenLraLes 6 500 ml 8vL36
kuuIhAL SPLCIAL 0 25 ml 8vL4J
SJUuIuhAL LIQUIu for 3 6 lLres 8vL5L
hegaLve developers/ AJuVAL ll for 5 5 lLres 8vLW3
powder form AJuVAL ll replensher for 5 5 lLres 8vLX5
kLlIhAL for 5 5 lLres 8vLZA
kLlIhAL replensher for 5 5 lLres 8vLC
SLop baLh AceLc acd |60 ) 5 lLres 8QL8X
lxers A6LlIX 0 25 ml 8vJ6L
6 500 ml 8vJ76
6 lLre 8vJ8J
3 5 lLres 8vJ9L
ACIuulIX for 5 5 lLres 8vJ4A
for 5 0 lLres 8vJ5C
Auxlary producLs A6LPuh 5 250 ml 8vVPS
3 lLre 8vVQU
AL6LZIu II lLre 8UhuZ
5 lLres 8k886
SISJAh 500 ml 566UL
Agfa, Lhe Agfa khombus, ACIuulIX, A6LlIX, A6LPuh, A6lACuLuk,
A6lAPAh, AL6LZIu, AJuVAL, kLlIhAL, kuuIhAL, SISJAh and
SJUuIuhAL are regsLered Lrade-marks of Agfa-6evaerL A6,
Leverkusen, 6ermany.
5
C-SW6
1echnica| 0ata Sheet 6-Sw16-15
uaLe: 05/2002 5Lh edLon
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