1. The Supreme Court of Pakistan granted leave to appeal to examine whether the appellate bench of the Lahore High Court correctly interfered with the judgment of the judge in chambers regarding the termination of employment of a lecturer during his probationary period.
2. The facts of the case show that the respondent was appointed as a lecturer on probation for 2 years, which was extended to 3 years. He was terminated during this period for unsatisfactory work and conduct. He filed a constitutional petition challenging this action.
3. The Supreme Court had to consider whether a constitutional petition in such a case was maintainable in light of previous court decisions on this issue.
Original Description:
Original Title
1992 S C M R 1093- Appointment Non Statutory Rules Constitutional Petition Not Maintainable
1. The Supreme Court of Pakistan granted leave to appeal to examine whether the appellate bench of the Lahore High Court correctly interfered with the judgment of the judge in chambers regarding the termination of employment of a lecturer during his probationary period.
2. The facts of the case show that the respondent was appointed as a lecturer on probation for 2 years, which was extended to 3 years. He was terminated during this period for unsatisfactory work and conduct. He filed a constitutional petition challenging this action.
3. The Supreme Court had to consider whether a constitutional petition in such a case was maintainable in light of previous court decisions on this issue.
1. The Supreme Court of Pakistan granted leave to appeal to examine whether the appellate bench of the Lahore High Court correctly interfered with the judgment of the judge in chambers regarding the termination of employment of a lecturer during his probationary period.
2. The facts of the case show that the respondent was appointed as a lecturer on probation for 2 years, which was extended to 3 years. He was terminated during this period for unsatisfactory work and conduct. He filed a constitutional petition challenging this action.
3. The Supreme Court had to consider whether a constitutional petition in such a case was maintainable in light of previous court decisions on this issue.
Present: Shafiur Rahman, Ali ussain !a"il#ash an$ Muhamma$ Af"al %one, && '()*+RS),- ./ ,+ P'(&A0, %A.R+ an$ 2 others111Appellants 2ersus Ch3 SAR4AR A%) 111Respon$ent Ci2il Appeal (o3399 of 1956, $e7i$e$ on 13th Au8ust, 19913 9/rom the :u$8ment of %ahore i8h Court, %ahore, $ate$ 91;11951 passe$ in )3C3A3 (o3<31 of 1969=3 > 9a= Constitution of Pakistan 91963=111 1111Art3 15<93=111%ea2e to appeal ?as 8rante$ to e@amine, ?hether the Appellate 0en7h3 of the i8h Court #A its :u$8ment 7orre7tlA interfere$ ?ith the :u$8ment of the &u$8e in Cham#ers3 9#= 'ni2ersitA of the Pun:a# A7t 9)B of 1963=111 1111S3 1195=111,Constitution of Pakistan 91963=, Art3 10<111Appointment of tea7hers an$ 7ontrol un$er +ffi7ien7A an$ 4is7ipline Rules of the Chan7ellor ?hether $eeme$ to #e that of the Co2ernor an$ statutorA3 ,he s7heme of 3the 'ni2ersitA of the Pun:a# A7t, 1963 other?ise $oes not sho? that the Rules of +ffi7ien7A an$ 4is7ipline or the 7on$itions of ser2i7e of the emploAee are 8o2erne$ #A the statutorA rules3 )n the a#sen7e of it, su#se7tion 95= of se7tion 11 of the A7t ?hi7h relates to the manner in ?hi7h the Chan7ellor shall a7t in the $is7har8e of his $uties, $oes not make the 7on$itions of ser2i7e of the emploAees statutorA3 All that su#se7tion 95= of se7tion 11 pro2i$es is that the Co2ernor shall #e #oun$ #A the a$2i7e of the Chief Minister as he is #oun$ in $is7har8e of his fun7tions un$er Arti7le 10< of the Constitution of the )slami7 Repu#li7 of Pakistan3 /urther, su7h an in7orporation #A referen7e on the stren8th of a statutorA pro2ision of a 7onstitutional pro2ision $oes not raise the status of the statutorA pro2ision to that of a 7onstitutional pro2ision3 Moreo2er, the po?ers an$ $uties that the Chan7ellor e@er7ises or performs un$er the 'ni2ersitA of Pun:a# A7t, 1963 are not anA po?ers or $uties 7onferre$ on the Co2ernor Dua Co2ernor or of a 7apa7itA ?hi7h he o77upies #A 2irtue of his offi7e as Co2ernor3 ,heA are the po?ers an$ $uties of a pu#li7 7apa7itA hel$ #A the persona8e ?ho is also the Co2ernor3 ,he Chan7ellor>s po?ers un$er the 'ni2ersitA of the Pun:a# A7t, 1963 are thus not the po?ers an$ $uties of the .ffi7e of the Co2ernor an$ 7onseDuentlA the prote7tion pro2i$e$ #A Arti7le 10< of the Constitution 7annot #e in2oke$ #A the Chan7ellor in respe7t of the e@er7ise an$ performan7e of the po?ers an$ $uties of his offi7e as Chan7ellor un$er the 'ni2ersitA of the Pun:a# A7t, 19633 R3,33 &an:ua 23 (ational Shippin8 Corporation P % 4 196E SC 1E;F3 Prin7ipal, Ca$et Colle8e, Gohat an$ another 23 Muhamma$ Shoa# !ureshi P%4 195E SC 160F An?ar ussain 23 A8ri7ultural 4e2elopment 0ank of Pakistan an$ others P % 4 195E SC 19EF Hainul A#i$in 23 Multan Central Cooperati2e 0ank %imite$, Multan P % 4 19;; SC EE< an$ >%ahore Central Cooperati2e 0ank %t$3 23 Pir Saifullah Shah P % 4 19<9 SC 210 ref3 Hainul A#i$in 23 Multan Central Co1operati2e 0ank %imite$, Multan P%4 19;; SC EE< an$ 4r3 S3C3 0arat an$ another 23 ari *inaAak Pataskar an$ others A ) R 19;2 Ma$h3 Pra$3 63 rel3 97= Constitution of Pakistan 91963=111 111Art3 10<111Co2ernor ?oul$ #e #oun$ #A the a$2i7e of the Chief Minister in $is7har8e of his fun7tions3 9$= Constitution of Pakistan 91963=111 1111Art3 199111Constitutional petition a8ainst termination of emploAment $urin8 pro#ationarA perio$111,erms an$ 7on$itions of emploAee ?ere not 8o2erne$ #A statutorA rules #ut onlA #A the non1statutorA rulesIre8ulations111+ffe7t111,erms an$ 7on$itions of emploAee if not 8o2erne$ #A the statutorA rules #ut #A Re8ulations, )nstru7tions or $ire7tions ?hi7h #o$A in ?hi7h respon$ent ?as emploAe$, ha$ issue$ for its internal use, anA 2iolation thereof, ?oul$ not, normallA #e enfor7e$ thr9u8h Constitutional petition111Respon$ent>s appointment #ein8 non1statutorA, Constitutional petition ?as not 7ompetent3> Prin7ipal, Ca$et Colle8e, Gohat an$ another 23 Muhamma$ Shoa# !ureshi P % 4 195E SC 160 an$ An?ar ussain 23 A8ri7ultural 0ank of Pakistan an$ others P % 4 195E SC 19E rel3 Ch3 Muhamma$ /arooD, Senior A$2o7ate Supreme Court an$ S3 A#$ul Aasim &aferi, A$2o7ate1on1Re7or$ for Appellants3 Respon$ent in person3 4ate of hearin8: 11th &une, 19913 &'4CM+(, SA/)'R RAMA(, &3111%ea2e to appeal ?as 8rante$ to e@amine ?hether the appellate 0en7h of the %ahore i8h Court #A its :u$8ment, $ate$ 91;11951 7orre7tlA interfere$ ?ith the :u$8ment of the learne$ &u$8e in 7ham#ers3 23 ,he fa7ts lea$in8 to this appeal are that the respon$ent ?as appointe$ as a %e7turer in %a? a8ainst a permanent post in the Pun:a# 'ni2ersitA %a? Colle8e3 e took o2er on 29191196;3 0A an or$er $ate$ 231511969, his perio$ of pro#ation ?as e@ten$e$ ?3e3f3 291911965 so as to e@pire on 2519119693 .n 261511969, the *i7e1Chan7ellor terminate$ his ser2i7es paAin8 him a month>s salarA in lieu of noti7e ?hi7h ?as appro2e$ #A the SAn$i7ate on 1316119503 ,he or$er of termination of ser2i7es rea$s as hereun$er:11 J-our attention is in2ite$ to the follo?in8 7on$ition of Aour appointment, as in$i7ate$ in the appointment letter (o34I532633I+st3 $ate$ 30th Septem#er, 196;:11 K,he appointment ?ill #e termina#le on one month>s noti7e, $urin8 the perio$ of pro#ation, an$ three months noti7e, after 7onfirmation, from either si$e or paA in lieu thereof, as the 7ase maA #e3> 4urin8 the perio$ of pro#ation, Aour ?ork an$ 7on$u7t ha2e not #een satisfa7torA3 )t has, therefore, #een $e7i$e$ to paA Aou one month>s paA in lieu of noti7e an$ to terminate Aour ser2i7es ?ith imme$iate effe7t3 A 7rosse$ 7heDue (o3C+A19;E<66 $ate$ 26th Au8ust, 1969 for Rs31,330 9Rupees one thousan$ three hun$re$ an$ thirtA onlA= is en7lose$ here?ith, the re7eipt of ?hi7h maA please #e a7kno?le$8e$3J ,he Minutes of the SAn$i7ate are as hereun$er:11 JCh3 Sar$ar Ali ?as appointe$ as %e7turer in P3'3 %a? Colle8e on t?o Aears> pro#ation ?ith effe7t from 29 Septem#er, 196;3 ,he *i7e Chan7ellor, in anti7ipation of the appro2al of the SAn$i7ate e@ten$e$ the perio$ of pro#ation for the thir$ Aear3 Geepin8 in 2ie? the 7onfi$ential reports ?ritten #A the Prin7ipal an$ 4ean, /a7ultA of %a?, the *i7e1Chan7ellor terminate$ the ser2i7es of Ch3 Sar$ar Ali ?ith effe7t from 261511969 an$ pai$ him one month>s paA in lieu of noti7e, as per terms of his appointment3 A7tion taken #A the *i7e1Chan7ellor maA #e appro2e$3 Confirme$ #A the SAn$i7ate 2i$e para8raph 2 of its pro7ee$in8s $ate$ 1316119503J 33 ,he respon$ent 7hallen8e$ the a7tion taken a8ainst him #A a Constitution petition raisin8 a num#er of 8roun$s mostlA le8al3 ,he learne$ &u$8e in Cham#ers, ho?e2er, $ismisse$ the petition in limine, hol$in8 as hereun$er:11 J9i= ,his petition appears to #e hit #A the rule lai$ $o?n #A the Supreme Court in R3,33 &an:ua 23 (ational Shippin8 Corporation P % 4 196E SC 1E;3 9ii= Confirmation $oes not follo? automati7allA after the e@pirA of the initial perio$ of pro#ation nor an or$er of e@tension of pro#ation ?as reDuire$ to #e passe$ #efore the e@pirA of initial perio$ of pro#ation3 9iii= ,he termination of a pro#ation ser2i7e for unsatisfa7torA> ?ork an$ 7on$u7t $oes not 2iolate anA of his 2este$ ri8hts3 9i2= Consi$erin8 that the perio$ of pro#ation in respe7t of the petitioner ?as $ue to e@pire at a time ?hen the sAn$i7ate ?as not in e@isten7e, the a7tion of the *i7e1Chan7ellor ?oul$ appear to #e 7o2ere$ #A the sai$ su#se7tion3J E3 An appeal ?as preferre$ #A the respon$ent3 ,he fin$in8s of the appellate 0en7h ?ere as hereun$er:11 9i= ,hat the respon$ent Kstoo$ 7onfirme$ as a le7turer on the e@pirA of the ori8inal t?o Aears pro#ation perio$>3 9ii= ,he 2erA or$er of e@tension of pro#ation an$ termination of ser2i7e of the respon$ent ?as ?ithout la?ful authoritA as there ?as no su7h emer8en7A as 7oul$ :ustifA the in2o7ation of that po?er #A the *i7e Chan7ellor3 9iii= 'nsatisfa7torA 7on$u7t 7onstitutes sti8ma an$ reDuire$ proper inDuirA an$ opportunitA to the respon$ent to e@plain3 .n these fin$in8s, the appeal ?as a77epte$ an$ ne7essarA $e7laration 8rante$3 <3 .ne of the :uris$i7tional Duestions on ?hi7h the Constitution Petition ha$ faile$ #efore the learne$ &u$8e in 7ham#ers an$ ?hi7h ?as raise$ in 7ontestin8 the Constitution petition, namelA the non1maintaina#ilitA of a Constitution Petition ?as not at all a$2erte$ to #A the appellate 0en7h of the i8h Court3 ,he result is that ?e ha$ to hear the ar8uments on that aspe7t of the matter an$ also to 8et it supplemente$ #A ?ritten ar8uments from the parties3 After R3,33 &an:ua>s 7ase P % 4 196E SC 1E; on ?hi7h relian7e has #een pla7e$ #A the learne$ &u$8e in 7ham#ers, there ha2e #een 8i2en t?o $e7isions #A this Court of importan7e to the su#:e7t an$ rele2ant to the issue un$er 7onsi$eration3 ,hese are, the $e7isions in the Prin7ipal, Ca$et Colle8e, Gohat an$ another 23 Muhamma$ Shoa# !ureshi P % 4 195E SC 160 an$ An?ar ussain 23 A8ri7ultural 4e2elopment 0ank of Pakistan an$ others P%4 3195E SC 19E3 ;3 Se7tion 31 of the 'ni2ersitA of the Pun:a# A7t, 1963 9Pun:a# A7t (o3 )B of 1963 11 hereinafter referre$ to as the A7t= 7ontains the follo?in8 la?:11 J313 Statutes3111 91= Su#:e7t to the pro2isions of this A7t, Statutes maA #e ma$e to re8ulate or pres7ri#e all or anA of the follo?in8 matters:111 9a= the 7onstitution of pension, insuran7e, 8ratuitA, pro2i$ent fun$ an$ #ene2olent fun$ for 'ni2ersitA emploAeesF 3 9#= the s7ales of paA an$ other terms an$ 7on$itions of ser2i7e of offi7ers, tea7hers an$ other emploAees of the 'ni2ersitAF 1111111111111111111111111111111111111 9k= effi7ien7A an$ $is7ipline of 'ni2ersitA emploAees3J 3 Pro2iso 9iii= to su#se7tion 92= of se7tion 31 ?as intro$u7e$ #A Pun:a# A7t B))) of 196< in the A7t in the follo?in8 ?or$s:11 J,he SAn$i7ate or the Senate shall not ha2e the po?er to make anA Statutes 7on7ernin8 effi7ien7A an$ $is7ipline of offi7ers, tea7hers an$ other emploAees of the 'ni2ersitA an$ su7h Statutes maA #e ma$e #A the Chan7ellor3J ,he Chan7ellor>s position an$ his po?ers ha2e #een 7larifie$ in se7tion 11 of the A7t3 Su#se7tion 91= of se7tion 11 of the A7t has remaine$ unamen$e$ throu8hout an$ it rea$s as hereun$er:11 J,he Co2ernor of the Pun:a# shall #e the Chan7ellor of the, 'ni2ersitA3J )t 9se7tion 11= ha$ ori8inallA onlA si@ su#se7tions $ealin8 ?ith the 2arious po?ers of the Chan7ellor3 )n 196<, t?o amen$ments ?ere ma$e in this se7tion3 0A Pun:a# A7t B))) of 196<, su#se7tion 96= in the follo?in8 ?or$s ?as a$$e$:11 J(ot?ithstan$in8 anAthin8 to the 7ontrarA 7ontaine$ in this A7t, Statutes, Re8ulations or Rules, the Chan7ellor maA111 9a= pla7e the ser2i7es of anA of the offi7ers, tea7hers or other emploAees of the 'ni2ersitA at the $isposal of the Co2ernment or anA other 'ni2ersitA or )nstitution, for su7h perio$ an$ on su7h terms an$ 7on$itions as maA #e $etermine$ #A himF pro2i$e$ that su7h terms an$ 7on$itions shall not #e less fa2oura#le than those a$missi#le to him imme$iatelA #efore his transferF an$ 9#= make appointment to anA post in the 'ni2ersitA ?hether as a tea7her or other?ise from persons in the ser2i7e of Pakistan or from offi7ers, tea7hers or other emploAees of anA other 'ni2ersitA3J ,his su#se7tion 96= of se7tion 11 ?as, ho?e2er, $elete$ #A .r$inan7e (.3B)) of 19503 ,he other amen$ment ma$e in 196< an$ on ?hi7h 8reat relian7e has #een pla7e$ #A the respon$ent ?as su#se7tion 95= of se7tion 11 of the A7t,> intro$u7e$ #A the Pun:a# A7t B*) of 196<, in the follo?in8 ?or$s:11 )n the performan7e of his fun7tions un$er the A7t the Chan7ellor shall a7t an$ #e #oun$ in the same manner as the Co2ernor of a Pro2in7e a7ts an$ is #oun$ un$er Arti7le 10< of the Constitution of the )slami7 Repu#li7 of Pakistan3J 63 0A in2okin8 this su#se7tion 95= of se7tion 11 of the A7t, the 7ontention of the respon$ent is that the appointment of the tea7hers an$ the 7ontrol un$er the +ffi7ien7A an$ 4is7ipline Rules of the Chan7ellor #e7omes that of the Co2ernor an$ hen7e statutorA3 ,his 7ontention suffers from three $efe7ts3 /irstlA, the s7heme of the A7t other?ise $oes not sho? that the Rules of +ffi7ien7A an$ 4is7ipline or the 7on$itions of ser2i7e of the respon$ent are 8o2erne$ #A the statutorA rules3 )n the a#sen7e of it, su#se7tion 95= of se7tion 11 ?hi7h relates to the manner in ?hi7h the Chan7ellor shall a7t in the $is7har8e of his $uties, $oes not make the 7on$itions of ser2i7e of the emploAees statutorA3 All that su#se7tion 95= of se7tion 11 pro2i$es is that the Co2ernor shall #e #oun$ #A the a$2i7e of the Chief Minister as he is #oun$ in $is7har8e of his fun7tions un$er Arti7le 10< of the Constitution of the )slami7 Repu#li7 of Pakistan3 Se7on$lA, su7h an in7orporation #A referen7e on the stren8th of a statutorA pro2ision of a 7onstitutional pro2ision $oes not raise the status of the statutorA pro2ision to that of a 7onstitutional pro2ision3 )t has #een so hel$ #A this Court in Hainul A#i$in 23 Multan Central Cooperati2e 0ank %imite$, 3Multan P % 4 19;; SC EE< an$ the %ahore Central Cooperati2e 0ank %t$3 23 Pir Saifullah Shah P % 4 19<9 SC 2103 ,hir$lA, the $ifferen7e #et?een the position of the Co2ernor as the Chief +@e7uti2e of the Pro2in7e an$ as the Chan7ellor of a 'ni2ersitA has #een ?ell #rou8ht out in an )n$ian $e7ision in 4r3 S3C3 0arat an$ another 23 ari *inaAak Pataskar an$ others A ) R 19;2 Ma$hAa Pra$esh 63 in the follo?in8 ?or$s:11 JLhen an A7t 7onfers po?ers on the Co2ernor not Dua Co2ernor #ut in a $ifferent 7apa7itA hel$ #A him #A 2irtue of his offi7e as Co2ernor, the po?ers an$ $uties so 7onferre$ are not the po?ers an$ $uties of the offi7e of the Co2ernor3 ,heA are the po?ers an$ $uties of a $ifferent offi7e ?hi7h the Co2ernor hol$s #A 2irtue of his offi7e as Co2ernor3 )t is alto8ether erroneous to saA that as the other offi7e is hel$ #A the person ?ho is the Co2ernor of the State #A 2irtue of his offi7e as Co2ernor, therefore the po?ers an$ $uties he e@er7ises or performs of that other offi7e un$er the rele2ant A7t are the po?ers an$ $uties 3of his offi7e as Co2ernor 3333 ,hus the po?ers an$ $uties that the Chan7ellor e@er7ises or performs un$er the A7t are not anA po?ers or $uties 7onferre$ on the Co2ernor Dua Co2ernor or of a 7apa7itA ?hi7h he o77upies #A 2irtue of his offi7e as Co2ernor3 ,heA are the po?ers an$ $uties of a pu#li7 7apa7itA hel$ #A the persona8e ?ho is also the Co2ernor3 ,he Chan7ellor>s po?ers un$er the &a#alpur 'ni2ersitA A7t are thus not the po?ers an$ $uties of the offi7e of the Co2ernor an$ 7onseDuentlA the prote7tion pro2i$e$ #A Arti7le 3;191= 7annot #e in2oke$ #A the Chan7ellor in respe7t of the e@er7ise an$ performan7e of the po?ers an$ $uties of his offi7e as Chan7ellor un$er the &a#alpur 'ni2ersitA A7t3J 53 ,he respon$ent has also attempte$ on the stren8th of a notifi7ation $ate$ 25th of Septem#er, 196; ma$e un$er su#se7tion 91= of se7tion ; of the3 A7t to esta#lish that for a perio$ i3e3, upto 20th Septem#er, 1966, the 'ni2ersitA %a? Colle8e, %ahore ?as $eta7he$ from the Pun:a# 'ni2ersitA an$ pla7e$ un$er the 7ontrol an$ mana8ement of the %a? 4epartment Co2ernment of Pakistan3 )n this manner, his ser2i7es #e7ame statutorA3 3 +2en if this 7ontention is a77epte$ in its entiretA as 7orre7t, it ha$ its le8al effe7t onlA for the perio$ that su7h transfer 7ontinue$ an$ a$mitte$lA the restoration of the %a? Colle8e to the 'ni2ersitA took pla7e #A notifi7ation $ate$ 22n$ Septem#er, 1966 restorin8 the earlier position $oin8 a?aA ?ith the effe7t of su#se7tion 92= of se7tion ; of the A7t3 ,he respon$ent>s ser2i7es stoo$ restore$ to the Pun:a# 'ni2ersitA an$ 7ontinue$ to #e 8o2erne$3 thereafter un$er that A7t3 93 )t follo?s from these pro2isions of the A7t that not?ithstan$in8 su#se7tion 95= of se7tion 11 of the A7t, the appointment of the respon$ent, as :u$8e$ in the li8ht of $e7isions in the 7ases of Prin7ipal, Ca$et Colle8e,3 Gohai P % 4 195E SC 160 an$ An?ar ussain P % 4 195E SC 19E ?as non1statutorA an$ a Constitution petition ?as not 7ompetent as hel$ #A the learne$ &u$8e in Cham#ers3 en7e, this appeal is allo?e$3 ,he :u$8ment un$er appeal is set asi$e an$ that of the learne$ &u$8e in 7ham#ers restore$3 (o or$er as to 7osts3 A3A3I'1E1ISC Appeal allo?e$3
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