AN ADAPTIVE CONTROL STRATEGIES

FOR MICROGRID
Phase-I
First Review



Guided by, Project by,
Asst.Prof. P.SOWMIYA, R.VINOTHKUMAR,
Dept.of EEE II-M.E.,(PSE)


Objective
To design an adaptive control strategies for microgrid
to maintain voltage and frequency stability in both
islanded and grid connected modes.
2
Introduction
Undervoltage creates overheating in motors, and can
lead to the failure of non-linear loads.
Overvoltage produces stress on insulation and can
cause damage to them.
Frequency variation causes speed variation in motor
and also in clocks and in grid level there will be
power flow from one grid to another.
Hence, frequency and voltage of the grid has to be
controlled.
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Microgrid
Microgrids are defined as systems that have at least
one distributed energy resource (DER) and associated
loads, which can form intentional islands in electrical
distribution systems and provide higher reliability
electric service and better power quality to the end
customers independently compared with the
traditional utility
4
Literature Review
S.No. Author and Year Title Remarks
1. A. Bidram,
A. Davoudi (2012)
Hierarchial Structure of
Microgrids Control System
Three level hierarchical
control structure of microgrid
2. M.B.Delghavi,
A. Yazdani (2012)
A Unified Control Strategy for
Electronically Interfaced
Distributed Energy Resources
Controller for Distributed
Energy Resource (DER) in
islanded and grid- connected
mode of microgrid
3. C.S.A. Nandar
(2012)
Robust PI Control of Smart
Controllable Load for
Frequency Stabilization of
Microgrid Power System
PI control design to reduce
frequency fluctuation in
microgrid
4. J.A.Pecas Lopes,
C.L.Moreira (2006)
Defining Control Strategies for
Microgrids Islanded Operation
Control strategies for
converters of energy sources
in microgrid islanded mode
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Literature Review (cont.,)
Observation
Different control strategies have been
developed for microgrid for either one mode of
operation or control strategy for frequency or
voltage alone has been developed.
Proposed
Adaptive control for both frequency and
voltage has to be developed for both islanded and
grid-connected modes of operation.

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Hierarchical Control Structure

Tertiary control
Optimal operation in both operating modes
Power flow control in grid-connected modes
Secondary control
Compensating voltage and frequency
deviation caused by primary control
Primary control
Voltage stability provision
Frequency stability provision
Plug and play capability of DERs
Circulating current avoidance among DERs
Microgrid
Main grid
Tie
F
e
e
d
b
a
c
k

s
i
g
n
a
l
s

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Voltage and Frequency Control
Two modes of voltage and frequency control
PQ control mode
Voltage control mode
Two modes of microgrid operation
Islanded mode
Grid connected mode
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P-Q Control Mode
Micro
source
i
p
, i
q
, Q
Calculator
v
o
*
=v
o
+k(i
ref
-i
o
)
VSC
v
o

i
o

PWM
Q
ref

Q
+
_
H
2

i
q

i
p

+
+
H
1

A
C

B
u
s

+
_
V
DC
ref

P
ref

V
dc

9
i
ref

Existing Methods for Microgrid
Control
PID,H-infinity based and deadbeat - unable to
produce satisfactory result in presence of disturbance
Sliding mode control zigzagging problem due to
wide switching frequency variation
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Proposed Controller
Adaptive controller-controller with adjustable
parameters and mechanism for adjusting parameters
Classification
Model Reference Adaptive Controllers (MRACs)
Model Identification Adaptive Controllers (MIACs)
Advantages
Can handle disturbances and unknown parameter variation
Provides better transient response
Overcomes problems of existing controllers
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Comparison
Conventional feedback control




Objective: monitoring of the
controlled variables
according to a certain IP for
the case of known parameter
Reference inputs
Comparison block
Controller

Adaptive control




Objective: monitoring of the
performance (IP) of the
control system for unknown
and varying parameters
Desired IP
Comparison decision block
Adaption mechanism

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MRAC
Performance specification are given in terms of model
which tells how process should ideally respond
Adaptation law is to be determined with the help of
Lyapunov theory
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Lyapunov Theory
If there exists a function V that is positive definite
and its derivative is
Negative semi definite then the solution is stable
Negative definite then the solution is asymptotically stable
Function V is called Lyapunov function
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Simulation model

15
References
A. Bidram and A. Davoudi, Hierarchical Structure of
Microgrids Control System, IEEE Trans. On Smart Grid, vol.
3, pp.1963-1976, Dec. 2012.
J. A. P. Lopes, C. L. Moreira, and A. G. Madureira, Defining
control strategies for microgrids islanded operation, IEEE
Trans. Power Syst., vol. 21, pp. 916924, May 2006.
M. B. Delghavi and A. Yazdani, A unified control strategy for
electronically interfaced distributed energy resources, IEEE
Trans. Power Del., vol. 27, pp. 803812, Apr. 2012.
C. S. A. Nandar, Robust PI control of smart controllable load
for frequency stabilization of microgrid power system,
Renewable Energy, pp-16-23, Oct. 2012



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