II-Other Data Structures

Besides numbers, another data type in Matlab is the

character data type.
Characters are designated by enclosing them in single
quotes.
>> C = x
C = x
>> x1=double(c)
x1 =
120
>> char(65)
ans = A
Strings
A sequence of characters within single quotes is
referred to as a string.
>> D = Training' ;
A string is a horizontal 1D character array, whose
length is the number of characters. The string D above
has eight characters, and is therefore a 1-by-8 array.
>> size(D)
ans = 1 8
Individual elements can be referenced as for any other
array, such as D(5) which is element n'.
Cell arrays
Array for which the elements are cells and can
hold other MATLAB arrays of different types.
to point to elements of cell arrayis the use of curly
braces {...}.
Using celldisp function to display cell array
A(1,1) = {[1 4 3;
0 5 8;
7 2 9]};
A(1,2) = {'Anne Smith'};
A(2,1) = {3+7i};
A(2,2) = {-pi:pi/10:pi};
Structures
Arrays with named data containers called fields.
patient.name='John Doe';
patient.billing = 800.00;
patient.Ptest= [79 75 80;110 108 120];
Also, Build structure arrays using the struct function.
patient(1) =struct('name', 'John Doe', billing',800,ptest', [79 75
80;110 108 120])
Multidimensional Arrays
The first references array dimension 1, the row.
The second references dimension 2, the column.
The third references dimension 3, The page.
A = zeros(3,3,4);
A(:,:,2) = ones(3)
A(:,:,1) =
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
A(:,:,2) =
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
A(:,:,3) =
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
A(:,:,4) =
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
Page N
Page 1
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
16 2 3 13
5 11 10 8
9 7 6 12
4 14 15 1
1 1 1 1
1 2 3 4
1 3 6 10
1 4 10 20
Script and Function Files
Script Files
Work as though you typed commands into
MATLAB prompt
Variable are stored in MATLAB workspace
Function Files
Let you make your own MATLAB Functions
All variables within a function are local
All information must be passed to functions as
parameters
Subfunctions are supported
II-Scripts and Functions
Script-files contain a sequence of Matlab commands
create a file called test1.m that contains these MATLAB
commands
%this program is to help me understand the scripts im matlab
x=1:0.1:15;
y=10*sin(x)-7*log10(x.^2);
plot(x,y);
grid on
Executed by typing its name
>> test1
Scripts and Functions (contd)
Displaying code and getting help
To open and edit the code , use edit command
>> edit test1
To list code, use type command
>> type test1
The help command displays first consecutive
comment lines
>> help test1
Functions
Functions describe subprograms
Take inputs, generate outputs
Have local variables (invisible in global
workspace)
The names of the M-file and of the function
should be the same.
Comments may be placed above the function
header
Basic Parts of a Function M-File
function y = mean (x)
% MEAN Average or mean value.
% For vectors, MEAN(x) returns the mean value.
% For matrices, MEAN(x) is a row vector
% containing the mean value of each column.
[m,n] = size(x);
if m == 1
m = n;
end
y = sum(x)/m;
Output Arguments Input Arguments Function Name
Online Help
Function Code
47
Function Example
Evaluate the function f(x,y)
[a b] = myfun(10,20);
===============================
where the M-file myfun.m is
Function [w,z] = myfun(x, y)
z = y*sin(x)+x*cos(y);
W=x+y
Vectorization
Loops are slow: Replace loops by vector operations!
Memory allocation takes a lot of time: Pre-allocate memory!
Use profileto find code bottlenecks!
Example
tic
x=-250:0.1:250;
for ii=1:length(x)
if x(ii)>=0,
s(ii)=sqrt(x(ii));
else
s(ii)=0;
end;
end;
tic
x=-250:0.1:250;
s=sqrt(x);
s(x<0)=0;
toc;
Preallocation
This code uses the function ones to preallocate the vectors
(r1,r2) created in the for loop.This makes the for loop
execute significantly faster.
r1 =ones(1,100);
r2=ones(1,100);
for n =1:100;
x=rand(1,n);
r1(n) =sum(x);
r2(n) =mean(x);
end
Function Functions
That is, one function works on another function. The function
functions include
Zero finding
Optimization
Quadrature Ordinary
differential equations
====================================================================
Create an m file for the function test.
functiony=test(x);
y=7*sin(x)-7*log10(x.^2)
========================================
Evaluate this test function at a set of points in the interval 1 <x <20
w =1:0.1:20;
z =test(w);
Function Functions(contd)
Then plot the function with
Plot(w,z);
The output will be
Function Functions(contd)
Find the minimum of the function using(fminsearch)
min =fminsearch(@test,17)
min = 17.3289
=================================================
To evaluate the function at the minimium value,
test(min)
ans =
-24.3340
rough guess at the
location of the
minimum.
To compute the area under the curve in the graph
int =quadl(@test,0,1)
int =
9.2980
if you search for a zero
z =fzero(@test,2)
you will find one outside the interval
z =
2.3212
Function Functions(contd)
Thank You