Angle Classification A classification of different types of malocclusion based on the mesio-
distal relationship of the permanent molars upon their eruption & locking Anterior guidance Protrusion of the mandible for anteriors to touch, affecting/guiding the molars Articulating paper Creates marks on the points of contacts between teeth Articulation The contact relationship of occlusal surfaces during jaw movement Articulator Mechanical device that enable dental models of patients to be related so that diagnostic and restorative procedures can be carried out away from the patient Axial alignment Recorded positions of the mandible in regards to the maxillary Balancing side The non-working side condyle during lateral movement Bennett angle Angle trace by the non-working side condyle in relation to the sagittal plane during lateral movement Bennett movement Lateral movement of the mandible or the working side condyle Border movement diagram
Border Movement Tracing of the maximum vertical and antero-posterior movements of the symphysis point Bruxism An oral parafunctional activity grinding Buccal segments All premolar & molar in a particular quadrant Canine guidance Lateral movements of the jaw, when upper and lower canines touch, posterior teeth should be guided apart Centric occlusion Occlusion of opposing teeth when mandible is in centric relation Centric relation Mandibular relation in which the head of the condyle is situated as far anterior and superior as it possibly can within the mandibular/glenoid fossa Centric stops The stable points of contact between occluded max & mand teeth. Located in central pits, marginal ridges and buccal & lingual cusps of posterior teeth, incisals & lingual of anterior teeth Chewing cycle The process of mastication Condylar guidance The angle at which the condyle moves away from a horizontal reference from condylar rod along the articular eminence of the mandibular fossa Contralateral Relating to the side of the body opposite to where the particular structure/condition occurs Cross-bite Reverse overjet. Where a tooth/teeth is more buccal/lingual than the opposite arch Curve of Spee Curvature of the mandibular occlusal plane Cusp The raised points of the crowns of teeth Cusp angle The angle made by the slopes of a cusp Cusp interference An opposing tooth contact which prevents the mandible from attaining a centrically related closure Diastema A space/gap between teeth Disclusion Not in occlusion Edge-to-edge An occlusion in which the anterior teeth of both jaws meet along their incisal edges when the teeth are in max intercuspation Embrasures V-shapes notches/valleys between contacting teeth below, above, buccal and lingual Envelope of motion The 3D space circumscribed by border movements and by occlusal contacts of a given point of the mandible Facebow Devices that relate a patients maxillary arch to the intercondylar axis and the point orbitale and enable these relationships to be transferred to an articulator where they can be produced Freeway space The space between the teeth when you are sitting at rest (teeth are not usually in occlusion) Group function The simultaneous contact of opposing teeth in a segment or group. The sharing force on contacting surfaces of the teeth on the working side only Guidance A mechanical or other means of controlling the direction of movement of an object Guiding cusps The non-supporting cusps buccal cusps for max & lingual for mand Intercondylar distance Distance between the rotational centres of the mandibular condyles Intercuspal occlusion Maximum occlusion of opposing teeth Intercuspal position Occlusal position with the teeth in maximum intercuspation Intercisal angle The antero-posterior angle made by the intersection of the long axis of the max central incisor with the mand central incisor Interocclusal distance The vertical distance between the max & mand teeth when the mand is in its rest position Interproximal contacts Points of contact mesio-ditally of adjacent teeth in the same arch Ipsilateral On the same side Masticatory musculature Muscles of mastication Maximum hinge opening Maximum opening of the mouth Maximum lateral excursion Maximum lateral movement of the mandible Mesial drift The tendency of teeth in buccal segments to move mesially Monsons curve An ideal curve of occlusion in which each cusp and incisal edge touches the surface of an imaginary sphere Myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPD) Chronic pain caused by multiple trigger points and fascial constrictions. Neutral zone Position of the teeth where the force is from the lips and cheeks are balanced from the forces from the tongue Nociceptors Pain receptors Long centric Occlusal analysis A study of the relationships of the occlusal surfaces of opposing teeth Occlusal curvatures Occlusal curves such as curve of Spee, Wilson & Monsons Occlusal stability The equalisation of contacts that prevents tooth movement after closure Occlusal table The occlusal or grinding surfaces of the premolars & molars Occlusal vertical dimension The superior-inferior relationship of the maxilla & mandible when teeth are in maximum intercuspation Occlusion The relationship between how the upper and lower teeth come together when closed Open bite Lack of occlusion of the front teeth when the jaw is closed normally Overbite The overlapping of the lower teeth by the upper Overeruption The physiological movement of a tooth lacking an opposing force out of the line of occlusion Overjet The extent of antero-posterior overlap of the maxillary central incisors over the mandibular Parafuntion Any function of the masticatory system that is outside normal use Propriceptors Pressure receptors Proclined Inclined forward Rest position The position of the mandible when the jaws are in rest Rest vertical dimension The vertical dimensions of the face with the jaws in rest Retroclined Tipped backwards referring to incisors Retruded hinge axis A hinge axis that is posteriorly placed. Hinge axis an axis that passes through the L & R mandibular condyles & coincides with the centre of rotation of the mandible Retruded relation A relation which is more posterior than usual Retrusion The state of being located posterior to the normal position Scissors bite Where the incisor teeth in the upper jaw are in contact with but slightly overlap the lowers Supporting cusps The cusps which provide support in occlusion in the central fossa, marginal ridge regions of the molars palatal cusps of uppers and buccal cusps of lower molars Vertical dimension Superior-inferior relationship of the maxilla & mandible when the teeth are in maximum intercuspation Wilsons curve The curvature of the teeth as projected in the frontal plane Working side The working side of the condyles