Lonjakan Saujana SPM 2009

LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009
SULIT 4551/1
4551/1
Biology
Paper 1
October 2009
1 ¼ jam
PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH MELAKA TENGAH
PROGRAM LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009
BIOLOGY
Paper 1
Satu jam lima belas miniit
JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU
1. Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 50 soalan
2. Jawab semua soalan
3. Jawab dengan menghitamkan ruangan yang betul pada kertas jawapan
4. Hitamkan satu ruangan sahaja bagi setiap soalan
5. Rajah tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan
6. Anda dibenarkan menggunakan kalkulator saintifik yang tidak boleh diprogramkan
Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 20 halaman bercetak
PPD MELAKA TENGAH

SULIT 4551/1
4551/1 2 LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009
1 Diagram 1 shows a type of muscle tissue found in the human body. Where is the
tissue found?
Diagram 1
A Heart C Biceps
B Pancreas D Small intestine
2 The plasma membrane consists of molecules arranged in a double layer as

shown in Diagram 2
Diagram 2
The part labelled I and II are

A hydrophobic and hydrophilic respectively
B hydrophilic and hydrophobic respectively
C both hydrophobic
D both hydrophilic
3. Diagram 3 shows the net flow of water molecules from a dilute solution
to a concentrated solution through a semi-permeable membrane.
Diagram 3
What is this process called?

A Osmosis
B Active transport
C Simple diffusion
D Facilitated diffusion
PPD MELAKA TENGAH

4 Diagram 4 is a graph which shows the changes in mass of potato strips immersed in
different concentrations of sucrose solution.
Diagram 4
Based on the graph, which of the following concentrations of sucrose solution should
be used so that a flaccid potato strip regains its turgidity?
A 1.5 g per 100 ml
B 2.5 g per 100 ml
C 3.5 g per 100 ml
D 4.5 g per 100 ml
5. Lipid is needed to build substance X while cellulose is needed to build substance Y.

What are substances X and Y?
Substance X Substance Y
A Protoplasm Cell wall
B Plasma membrane Cell wall
C Cell wall Protoplasm
D Cell wall Plasma membrane
6 . Haemoglobin is an example of a
A. primary structure of protein
B. secondary structure of protein
C. tertiary structure of protein
D. quarternary structure of protein
PPD MELAKA TENGAH

7 Which of the following graph shows the effect of pH on the metabolic rate of the
enzyme pepsin?
Rate of
reaction Rate of
reaction
Rate of
reaction Rate of
reaction
8 Diagram 5 shows the phases in a cell cycle.
X phase X phase
Y
phase
Diagram 5
PPD MELAKA TENGAH

Which of the following represents V ?
A mitosis C stage S
B cytokinesis D stage G1
9 Diagram 6 shows a phase in mitosis of a plant cell.
Diagram 6
Which of the following is true about the cell in Diagram 6 ?
Stage of mitosis Number of chromosomes in the

mother cell
A Anaphase 4
B Telophase 4
C Anaphase 8
D Telophase 8
10. Crossing over is an important process in meiosis. It results in variations in the daughter
cells. At which stage of meiosis does crossing over take place?
A Prophase I
B Prophase II
C Metaphase II
D Anaphase I
11 Lack of vitamin D in the diet will cause the disease
A scurvy.
B beri-beri.
C rickets.
D pellagra.
PPD MELAKA TENGAH

12 Diagram 7 shows the molecular structure of three food classes
Diagram 7
Which food classes do X, Y and Z belong to ?
X Y Z
A Carbohydrate Protein Lipid
B Protein Lipid Carbohydrate
C Protein Carbohydrate Lipid
D Lipid Carbohydrate Protein
13 Diagram 8 shows part of the human alimentary canal.
Diagram 8
A person who has structure P removed must regulate his dietary intake of
A. fats C protein
B. carbohydrate D. water
14 In the absence of oxygen the skeletal muscles contract using energy from the
breakdown of glucose and glycogen to
A ethanol and water
B energy and water
C ethanol and lactic acid
D lactic acid and energy
PPD MELAKA TENGAH

15 Which of the following is not involved in the transportation of carbon dioxide by the
blood.
A Carbonic acid
B Carbaminohaemoglobin
C Hydrogen carbonate ion
D Carbon monoxide
16 Table shows the biomass of a few types of organisms in a community.
Organism Total Biomass of all the

organisms at each
trophic level(kg)
P 1200
Q 30
R 150
S 670
T 100
U 2700
Which of the following is a possible food chain in this community?
A P→U→S→T C P→S→T→Q
B Q→R→S→P D U→S→P→Q
17 Which of the following organisms is a parasite ?
A C
B D
PPD MELAKA TENGAH

18 Diagram 9 is a graph which shows changes in the population of two species of

beetles, T and U, over a period of time. Both species feed on the same food source.
T U
Population
Diagram 9
What is the interrelationship between species T and U?
A Symbiosis C Parasitism
B Predation D Competition
19 Diagram 10 shows a cross section of a young dicotyledon root consisting of a few

main tissues.
Diagram 10
What is Y ?
A Phloem B Xylem
C Cortex D Cambium
20 Diagram 11 shows some human bones .
Diagram 11
PPD MELAKA TENGAH

Which bones are part of the axial skeleton ?

A P and S
B Q and R
C P , Q and R
D Q , R and S
21 Diagram 12 below shows a motor neuron.
Diagram 12
Which one of the following A, B, C or D in the table below names the labelled parts
correctly?
1 2
A Cell body Axon
B Axon Dendrite
C Dendrite Myelin sheath
D Synapse Dendrite
22 Diagram 13 shows a plant with soft stem .
Which of the following support structures helps the plant climb to obtain sunlight ?
Diagram 13
A Clasping roots B Twining stems

C Tendrils D Thorns.
PPD MELAKA TENGAH

23 Diagram 14 shows a nerve pathway involved in a reflex action. Which structure is the
efferent neurone?
Diagram 14
24 Some cucumber slices are immersed in 0.1% sucrose solution. After 3 hours, the
slices are found to be turgid and hard.
Which of the following statements explains this phenomenon?
A The cucumber cell wall prevents it from shrinking

B The cell sap is hypotonic towards the sucrose solution
C The high concentration of the cell sap in the vacuole causes water to
diffuse into the cell
D The cucumber cell wall allows the sucrose molecules to diffuse into the
cell
25 Diagram 15 shows the four-chambered stomach of a ruminant.
Diagram 15
Which of the following is not a correct match about each chamber and its function?
A. S- Rumen, mutualistic bacteria digest cellulose.

B. V- Reticulum, the partially digested food is formed into balls and regurgitated into the
mouth for chewing
C. U- Omasum, the regurgitated food in the mouth is passed into the omasum
D. T- Duodenum, the digested products are absorbed.
PPD MELAKA TENGAH

26 What substances are dissolved in the fuid which passes along the ureter to the
bladder of a healthy person?
Glucose Protein Salts Urea

A. Absent Absent Absent Present
B. Absent Absent Present Present
C. Present Absent Present Present
D. Present Present Absent Absent
27 Diagram 16 shows the female reproductive system. In which parts are the eggs and
the zygote formed?
Diagram 16
Eggs Zygote
A 1 2
B 1 3
C 2 1
D 2 3
28 Diagram 17 shows sex determination in human.
Ovary cell Testis cell
P Q Gametes
Diagram 17
PPD MELAKA TENGAH

If a couple have a son, what is the cell composition in P, Q and R?
P Q R
A 44 + X 44 + Y 44 + XY
B 22 + Y 22 + X 44 + XY
C 22 + X 22 + X 44 + XX
D 22 + X 22 + Y 44 + XY
29 Which of these genetically inherited disease is dangerous and can cause death
at a young age?
A. Albino
B. Haemophilia
C. Short-sightedness
D. Down syndrome
30 Table 1 shows a Punnet square which represents the gametes and progeny
from a dihybrid cross. Alphabets a to p represent the daughter cells from this
cross.
male gamete HK Hk hK hk
female gamete
HK a b c d
Hk e f g h
hK I j k l
hk m n o p
Table 1
Which of the following daughter cells have the same genotype as the parent ?
A a, f, k, p C d, g, j, m
B b, c, e, I D e, f, h, l
31 Diagram 18 shows the development of a pollen tube and its entry into the ovule.
Which part develops into the testa after fertilisation?
Diagram 18
PPD MELAKA TENGAH

32 Contraceptive pills contain a combination of

A. estrogen and luteinising hormone.
B. progesterone and prolactin
C. estrogen and follicle stimulating hormone
D. progesterone and estrogen.
33. Which of the following shows the differences between mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis Meiosis
I Involves one stage of cell division Involves two stages of cell division
II Produces two diploid daughter cells Produces four haploid daughter

cells
III Synapsis and crossing over takes Synapsis and crossing over does
place between homologous not take place
chromosomes
IV Chromosomes are not in pairs Homologous chromosomes are in
pairs at prophase I
A I and II only
B I and III only
C I, II and IV only
D I, II, III and IV
34 Diagram 19 is a graph which represents a type of variation found in students.
Number of
individuals
Variation
Diagram 19
This variation may be
I height II weight
III type of ear lobe IV dimple
A I and II only C III and IV only
B I and III only D I, II, III and IV
PPD MELAKA TENGAH

35 Which of the following is not a cause of variation?
A. Radiation B. Gene mutation

C. Asexual reproduction D. Meiosis
36 Diagram 20 shows the structure of a villus in the ileum
Diagram 20
Which vessels P, Q, R, and S carry the largest amounts of glucose, amino acids, lipid
droplets or fat-soluble vitamins?
Glucose Amino Lipid Fat soluble

acids droplets vitamins
A P Q R S
B Q P R S
C R R S S
D S S R R
37 Diagram 21 shows a plastic quadrat used to determine the percentage coverage of

bread mould on a piece of bread. The shaded area shows the presence of mould.
Diagram 21
Based on the result obtained in Diagram 21, calculate the percentage coverage of
the bread mould , taking the area of each small square to be 1 cm²
A 32 % C 56%
B 40% D 80%
PPD MELAKA TENGAH

38 Diagram 22 below shows equipment that can cause the thinning of the ozone layer.
Diagram 22
How can this problem be solved?
I Stop using chlorofluorocarbon

II Replace CFCs with HCFCs
III Patching holes in the ozone layer
IV Produce less electrical goods
A I and II
B II and IV
C I, II and III
D I, II, III and IV
39 The following statement is about eutrophication.
L : Excess fertilisers from agriculture lands flow into lakes

M: Bacteria grow rapidly
N : Algae grow rapidly and covers the surface of the lake
O : The value of BOD increase
What is the correct sequence of the eutrophication process ?
A O, L, M and N C L, M, O and N
B L, N, M and O D O, M, L and N
PPD MELAKA TENGAH

40. An experiment was carried out to investigate the rate of water loss from a plant in a
day.The wind and relative humidity factors were kept constant. Diagram 23 is a graph
which shows the result obtained from 0600 to 1300 hours .Which of the curves A,B,C
or D is expected to show the rate of water loss in the plant after 1300 hours ?
Diagram 23
41 Diagram 24 shows a human arm .
Diagram 24
If tendon X was torn off,what happens to the arm ?

A The elbow joint loosens up
B The fingers cannot grip
C The arm connot be bent
D The lower arm cannot twist.
PPD MELAKA TENGAH

42 Diagram 25 is a graph which shows the changes in the glucose concentration in the
blood of a person over a period of two hours.
Diagram 25
Which of the following best explains the shape of the graph after X?
A. The person has eaten a meal that is high in sugar .
B. The person has had an insulin injection.
C. The person is suffering from diabetes mellitus.
D. The person starts some vigorous physical exercise.
43 Which characteristics of the glomerulus enhances the efficiency of ultrafiltration ?

I. The diameter of the afferent arteriole is larger than that of the efferent arteriole.
II. The afferent arteriole divides further into a dense network of capillaries.
III. The high hydrostatic pressure of the blood entering the glomerulus.
IV. The Bowman’s capsule is made up of only two layers of cells.
A. I, II and III only

B. I, II and IV only
C. II, III and IV only
D. I, II, III and IV
44 A woman’s menstrual period started on 23rd March. In which week was an egg most
likely to have been released?
Week March
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
A - - - 1 2 3 4
B 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
C 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
D 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30 31
PPD MELAKA TENGAH

45 What is true about the importance of secondary growth in plants?

I. It increases the diameters of the plant stems and roots for mechanical support.
II. It allows plants to increase in length to achieve maximum height.
III. It produces new phloem and xylem tissues to replace the old and damaged ones.
IV. It produces a thick bark which reduces the evaporation of water from the surface
of the stem.
A. I, II and III only B. I, III and IV only

C II, III and IV only D. I, II, III and IV.
46 A woman with blood group A claims that a man with blood group AB is the
father of her baby. The baby’s blood is tested. Which of the following could be the
baby’s blood group?
I Group A
II Group B
III Group O
IV Group AB
A I and II only
B I and IV only
C I, II and IV only
D I, II, III and IV
47 Which of the following shows the difference between continuous variation and
discontinuous variation?
Continuous Variation Discontinuous Variation

A Controlled by dominant genes. Controlled by recessive genes.
B Caused by mutation. Not caused by mutation.
C Occurs in animals. Occurs in plants.
D Can be measured. Cannot be measured.
48 The Hydrangea plant produces blue flowers when grown on acidic soil, and red
flowers when grown on alkaline soil. What conclusion can be made from this
observation?
A. The colour of the Hydrangea flower is a continuous variation

B. The environment affects the colour of the flowers
C. The pH of the soil causes mutation
D. The colour of the flower is affected by the genetic factor only
PPD MELAKA TENGAH

49 I - Homologous chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell.

II - Homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles
III – Sister chromatids separate and move to different poles
IV – Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disintegrate.
I, II, III and IV shows the processes which occur in meiosis. Among the following
events, which occur in anaphase I ?.
A I only
B II only
C III and IV only
D II and IV only
50 Diagram 26 shows an organ system.
Diagram 26
What are the functions of the organ system shown above?

I To transport oxygen to the body cells
II To defend the body against diseases
III To remove metabolic wastes
IV To help regulate the volume and composition of blood
A I and II only
B I and III only
C II and IV only
D III and IV only
END OF QUESTION PAPER

KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT
PPD MELAKA TENGAH

SULIT NAMA :
4551/2
BIOLOGY
Kertas 2 FORM:
Oktober
2009
2 ½ jam

_______________________________________________________
BIOLOGI
KERTAS 2
Dua jam tiga puluh minit
1. Tulis nama dan kelas anda pada

ruang yang disediakan. Untuk Kegunaan Pemeriksa
2. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam
Markah Markah
dwibahasa. Bahagian Soalan
Penuh Diperoleh
1 12
3. Soalan dalam bahasa Inggeris
mendahului soalan yang sepadan 2 12
dalam bahasa Melayu. A 3 12
4. Calon dibenarkan menjawab 4 12

keseluruhan atau sebahagian soalan 5 12
sama ada dalam
6 20
bahasa Inggeris atau bahasa
Melayu. B 7 20
8 20
5. Calon dikehendaki membaca
maklumat di halaman belakang 9 20
kertas soalan ini.
Jumlah

4551/2 [Lihat sebelah]
PPD MELAKA TENGAH
4551/2 -2- LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009
Section A
[ 60 marks ]
Answer all questions from this section.
1. Diagram 1 shows cell organisation in plant. Cells J undergo differentiation and

specialisation to form several tissues in a leaf of a green plant.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan organisasi sel dalam satu tumbuhan. Sel-sel J mengalami
pembezaan dan pengkhususan untuk membentuk beberapa tisu dalamsatu
tumbuhan hijau.
Cells J
Sel-sel J
Cell Specialisation K
L
Cross-section
of a leaf
Keratan
rentas sehelai
daun Xylem
tissue
Tisu
xilem
DIAGRAM 1
(a) Name tissue K and tissue L.

Namakan tisu K dan L
K : ………………………………………………………………………………………
L: …………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
PPD MELAKA TENGAH

(b) State the function of cells K and M in a leaf.

Nyatakan fungsi sel K dan M dalam sehelai daun
K : ……………………………………………………………………………………….
M: ……...……………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
(c) (i) Explain the differentiation of cells J to form the xylem tissue.
Terangkan pembezaan sel J dalam membentuk tisu xilem.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
(ii) During the formation of the xylem tissue, the plant was unable to synthesise lignin.
Explain the effect on the function of the leaf.
Sewaktu pembentukan tisu xylem, satu tumbuhan gagal mensistesis lignin.
Terangkan kesannya keatas fungsi daun tumbuhan tersebut.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
(d) Based on diagram 1, state the meaning of cell specialization.
Berdasarkan rajah 1, nyatakan maksud pengkhususan sel.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
(e) Leaf is the main photosynthetic organ of a plant.
Explain the adaptation of tissue L to enable the leaf to carry out its function.
Daun adalah organ utama fotosintesis sesuatu tumbuhan
Terangkan adaptasi tisu L untuk membolehkannya menjalankan fungsinya
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
TOTAL
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
PPD MELAKA TENGAH
2. Diagram 2.1 shows the cell cycle of an organism.
Mitotic cell
division Phase U
Diagram 2.1
(a) Name phase U in Diagram 2.1.

.
U:………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(b) Phase U is further divided into three sub phases, X, Y and Z. Describe what
happens at sub phases X, Y and Z.
X: ………………………………………………………………………
Y: ………………………………………………………………………
Z: ………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks]
(c) The number of chromosomes present in the nucleus of a somatic cell is 6.

Diagram 2.2 shows a stage of cell division to produce gametes.
Diagram 2.2
PPD MELAKA TENGAH

Complete the diagram to show the chromosomes for a daughter cell produced
at the end of sub-phase Q.
[2 marks]
(d) Explain how radiotherapy affected cell cycle in cancer treatment.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
(e)(i) A farmer wants to breed a good variety of banana plants for commercial
production. Suggest a suitable method to be used and explain how the method
named can increase the crop yield.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks]
(ii) State a problem that can occur when using this method..
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
TOTAL
PPD MELAKA TENGAH

3. Diagram 3 shows part of a nitrogen cycle.

Rajah 3 menunjukkan sebahagian kitar nitrogen.
Nitrogen in the atmosphere

DIAGRAM 4
Nitrogen dalam atmosfera
Nitrogen fixation by Organism R

microorganisms in plant P Organisma R
Pengikatan nitrogen oleh
mikroorganisma dalam
tumbuhan P
Substance Q
Bahan Q
Nitrogenous
compounds in plants
Nitrites Sebatian nitrogen
Nitrit dalam tumbuhan
Process Y
Proses Y
Ammonium compounds Nitrogenous compounds

Sebatian ammonium in animals
Sebatian nitrogen dalam
haiwan
DIAGRAM 3
a) Name P, Q and R
Namakan P, Q dan R.
P: .........................................................................................................................
Q: ........................................................................................................................
R: .........................................................................................................................
[3marks]
PPD MELAKA TENGAH

(b) (i ) Name the microorganism that is involved in the nitrogen cycle and lives in plant
P.
Namakan mikroorganisma yang terlibat dalam kitar nitrogen dan tinggal dalam
tumbuhan P.
..........................................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark]
(ii) Besides nitrogen fixation by microorganisms, name a natural phenomenon which is

also able to convert nitrogen in the atmosphere to substance Q.
Selain daripada pengikatan nitrogen oleh mikroorganisma, namakan satu
fenomena semulajadi yang boleh menukarkan nitrogen dalam atmosfera kepada
bahan Q.
..........................................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark]
(c) Microorganisms are involved in process Y.

Mikroorganisma terlibat dalam proses Y.
(i) Name one type of microorganism which is involved in process Y.

Namakan sejenis mikroorganisma yang terlibat dalam proses Y.
..........................................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark]
(ii) Explain the role of the microorganism in ( c)(i)

Terangkan peranan mikroorganisma dalam (c)(i)
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
[ 3 marks]
(d) Explain how a deficiency of Q in the soil affects the growth of the plants.
Terangkan bagaimana kekurangan Q dalam tanah memberi kesan terhadap
pertumbuhan tumbuhan.
..........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................... TOTAL
..........................................................................................................................................
[ 3 marks]
PPD MELAKA TENGAH

4 Two individuals P and Q were given injections to acquire immunity. The level of antibodies
in the blood of individual P and Q is shown in Diagram 4.1 and 4.2 respectively.
Individual P Booster dose (2nd)

stimulates a faster and
larger lasting
Concentration of antibodies in the
response.
Immunity level
blood (arbitrary unit)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
st st nd
1 1vaccination
Injection 22nd
vaccination
Injection Time (weeks)
DIAGRAM 4.1
Individual Q
Increase
immediately
Concentration of antibodies in the
Immunity level
blood (arbitrary unit)
Time (weeks)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1st injection 2
nd
DIAGRAM
injection 5.2
DIAGRAM 4.2
(a) What is the substance injected into the blood of individual P and individual Q ?
P : …………………………………………………………………………………
Q : …………………………………………………………………………………
PPD MELAKA TENGAH

[ 2 marks ]
(b) State the type of immunity obtained by individual P and individual Q.
P : …………………………………………………………………………….….
Q : ………………………………………………………………………………..
[ 2 marks ]
A boy was bitten by a snake. He was unconscious

and he was hospitalised.
(c) Using your biological knowledge, describe how you could save this boy.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………..…………………………………………………………………….……
[ 4 marks ]
(d) Table 4.1 shows a schedule of immunisation given for every new born Malaysian until the
age of two.
Age Types of Immunity

Tuberculosis (B.C.G)
New born Hepatitis B ( First dose )
1 month Hepatitis B ( Second dose )
Triple Antigen
3 month Polio ( First dose )
Triple Antigen
5 month Polio ( Second dose )
Hepatitis B ( Third dose )
9 – 24 month Germans measles
Triple Antigen
1 ½ - 2 year Polio ( Third dose )
TABLE 4.1
PPD MELAKA TENGAH
4551/2 - 10 - LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM
2009
(d) (i) Based on Table 4.1, state the type of pathogen which cause the diseases.
...................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain why there is a need for second and third doses for the immunisation.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 3 marks ]
TOTAL
PPD MELAKA TENGAH

4551/2 - 11 - LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009
5. Figure 5 shows various types of fingerprints.

Rajah 5 menunjukkan bebrapa jenis cap jari
Composite Whorl Curves Loops

Komposit Pusar Lengkung Gelung
FIGURE 5
(a) (i) Based on Figure 5, name the type of fingerprints of students X and Y below.
Berdasarkan Rajah 5, namakan jenis cap jari bagi pelajar X dan Y di bawah.
Student X Student Y
Type of fingerprint: Type of fingerprint:

Jenis cap ibu jari: Jenis cap ibu jari:
……………………………… ….……………………………
[2 marks]
(ii) State one factor that causes variation in the fingerprints of students X and Y.
Nyatakan bagaimana faktor di (a)(ii) menghasilkan variasi.
……..………………………………………………………………………………….. ……..
[1 mark]
(iii) State how the factor in (a) (ii) causes variation.

Nyatakan bagaimana faktor di (a)(ii) menghasilkan variasi.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
PPD MELAKA TENGAH

(b) (i) What is the type of variation shown in Figure 5?

Apakah jenis variasi yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 5?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(ii) State two traits, other than fingerprint, which show the same type of variation as
in (b)(i).
Nyatakan dua trait selain cap jari yang menunjukkan variasi yang sama seperti
(b)(i).
Trait 1 : ……………………………………………………………………………………
Trait 2 : ……………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
(c) Height is a type of variation.

Explain the differences between the type of variation shown by fingerprints and
height.
Trait ketinggian merupakan sejenis variasi

Huraikan perbezaan antara variasi yang ditunjukkan oleh trait jenis cap jari dengan
trait ketinggian pelajar.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
(d) Explain how variation can ensure the survival of a species.
Terangkan bagaimana variasi boleh menjamin kemandirian suatu spesies
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks]
TOTAL
PPD MELAKA TENGAH

SECTION B
[ 40 marks ]
Answer two questions from this section.
6. Diagram 6.1 shows a respiratory structure of an insect.
Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan struktur respirasi satu serangga
P
Tracheol
Trakeol
Body cells
Sel-sel
Badan
DIAGRAM 6.1
(a) (i) Explain the gases exchange between tracheol and body cell.
Terangkan pertukaran gas antara trakeol dan sel-sel badan

[4 marks]
(ii) Chitin is a polysaccharide on the outer surface of structure P. Due to the change in
the environment, the insect is unable to form the polysaccharide.
Explain how the absence of chitin affects inhalation and the energy production.
Kitin adalah polisakarida yang terdapat pada permukaan struktur P. Disebabkan

perubahan dalam persekitaran, serangga tidak dapat menghasilkan polisakarida.
Terangkan bagaimana ketiadaan kitin memberi kesan keatas proses tarikan nafas
dan penghasilan tenaga .
[6 marks]
PPD MELAKA TENGAH

(b) Diagram 6.2 shows the rate of oxygen intake before, during and after a vigorous
exercise of an athlete.
Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan kadar pengambilan oksigen sebelum, semasa dan selepas
satu latihan intensif seorang atlit.
Oxygen intake
(litre/minute)
Time (min)
Vigorous exercise
DIAGRAM 6.2
(i) Based on the graph, compare the respiration before and during the vigorous
exercise.
Berdasarkan graf diatas, bezakan proses respirasi sebelum dan semasa

latihan tersebut.
[4 marks]
(ii) Explain how the oxygen intake by the athlete returns to the normal level at the 25th
minute.
Terangkan bagaiman pengambilan oksigen oleh atlit tersebut kembali ke asal

selepas minit ke 25
[6 marks]
PPD MELAKA TENGAH

(7) (a) Figure 7 shows development of the follicle in the female ovary, thickening
of uterine endometrium and the hormones involved.
Rajah 7 menunjukkan perkembangan folokel dalam ovari seorang perempuan,

penebalan endometrium uterus dan hormonphormon yang terlbat.
Estrogen
Time (Day)
FIGURE 7
Explain the relationship between development of the follicle , changing of the

respective hormonal level in the blood and the thickening of the uterine
endometrium in a female.
Terangkan hubungan antara perkembangan folikel, perubahan aras hormon-

hormon masing-masing dalam darah dan penebalan endometrium uterus pada
seorang perempuan.
(10marks)
PPD MELAKA TENGAH

(b) Graph 7(a) and 7(b) show the growth curve of human and insect.
Based on the graph , compare the growth process in human and insect.
Graf 7 (a) dan 7 (b) menunjkkan lengkuk pertumbuhan manusia dan serangga
Berdasarkan graf, bandingkan proses pertumbuhan pada manusia dan serangga.
(10marks)
Heigh
t (cm)
Time (year)
GRAPH 7(a) : Growth curve for human
Length
(cm)
Time(day)
GRAPH 7(b) : Growth curve for insect
PPD MELAKA TENGAH

8 (a) Diagram 8 shows the blood groups of a married couple, Encik Ahmad and
Puan Amalina and their children.
Rajah 8 menunjukkan kumpulan darah bagi pasangan suami isteri Encik

Ahmad dan Puan Amalina serta anak-anaknya.
Parents
Ibu bapa
E En Ahmad EPn Amalina

Blood group A Blood group B
Kumpulan darah A Kumpulan darah B
darahBloogroup A Blood group A
0ffspring
Anak
blood group 0 blood group 0 blood group 0 blood group AB

kumpulan darah O kumpulan darah O kumpulan darah O kumpulann darah AB
Diagram 8
Diagram 8 shows the variation of blood groups in En Ahmad’s family. Explain why
there is a variation in blood groups of the offspring.
Rajah 8 menunjukkan variasi kumpulan darah dalam keluarga En Ahmad. Terangkan

mengapa adanya variasi dalam kumpulan darah anak-anaknya.
[ 10 marks]
(b) Genetic engineering is widely used in the field of agriculture and medicine.
Justify the impact of genetic engineering on humans and the environment.
Kejuruteraan genetik digunakan secara meluas dalam bidang pertanian dan

perubatan.
Beri wajaran tentang impak kejuruteraan genetik terhadap manusia dan
persekitaran.
[ 10 marks]
PPD MELAKA TENGAH

Biodiversity is the variety of plants, animals and microorganisms living on Earth.

These organisms live in different ecosystems and are important to our lives.
Biodiversiti ialah kepelbagaian jenis tumbuhan, haiwan dan Mikroorganisma yang
hidup di bumi. Organisma ini hidup dalam berbagai ekosistem dan penting kepada
kehidupan kita.
9.(a)(i) Based on the statement discuss the importance of biodiversity.
Berdasarkan pernyataan di atas bincangkan kepentingan biodiversiti.

[4 marks]
(ii) Diagram 9 shows an ecosystem in Malaysia.

Rajah 9 menunjukkan satu ekosistem di Malaysia
Diagram 9
Discuss the importance of the ecosystem shown in Diagram 8 to the environment

and economy of our country.
Bincangkan kepentingan ekosistem di Rajah 8 kepada persekitaran dan ekonomi
negara kita.
[6 marks]
(b)
Biotechnology is the application of organisms or microorganisms or their biological

processes in the production of materials for use in medicine and industry.
Biotechnology ialah aplikasi organisma atau microorganism atau proses biologi

dalam penghasilan bahan-bahan untuk kegunaan bidang perubatan dan
perindustrian.
Discuss the uses of microorganisms in

Bincangkan pengunaan microorganisma dalam
(i) the waste treatment process.

proses rawatan kumbahan.
(ii) food processing

pemprosesan makanan
[10 marks]
END OF QUESTION PAPER
PPD MELAKA TENGAH

SULIT 4551/3
SULIT NAME
4551/3
BIOLOGY
Paper 3 FORM
October
2009
1 ½ jam

_______________________________________________________
BIOLOGI
KERTAS 3
Satu jam tiga puluh minit
1. Tuliskan nama dan tingkatan

pada ruang yang disediakan. Soalan Markah Markah
penuh diperolehi
2. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam
dwibahasa.
1 33
3. Soalan dalam bahasa Inggeris
mendahului soalan yang sepadan 2 17
dalam bahasa Melayu.
4. Calon dibenarkan menjawab Jumlah 50

keseluruhan atau sebahagian
soalan sama ada dalam bahasa
Inggeris atau bahasa Melayu
4551/3 [Lihat sebelah

SULIT
SULIT 2 4551/3
1. A student carried out an experiment to investigate the effect of running up and down
a stair case on the rate of his heart beat . Figure 1.1 shows the method used by the
student. The subject runs up the stair case and straight away runs down the same
stair case.
Seorang pelajar menjalankan satu kajian untuk menyiasat kesan berlari menerusi
anak tangga keatas dan kebawah keatas kadar degupan jantungnya. Rajah 1.1
menunjukkan cara yang digunakan oleh beliau. Pelajar itu berlari keatas dan
kebawah menggunakan anak tangga yang sama.
Immediately after the boy has finished running up and down the stair case, the time
taken for 30 heart beats is taken and is recorded in table 1.1.
Sebaik sahaja pelajar itu selesai berlari keatas dan kebawah menerusi anak tangga
tersebut, masa untuk 30 degupan jantungnya di catatkan dalam jadual 1.1
The whole experiment was repeated with the same boy running up the stair case as
shown in Figure 1.2(a), 1.2(b) and 1.2(c) in Table 1.1 respectively. The results are
also shown in the same table.
Keseluruhan kajian diulang oleh pelajar yang sama seperti di rajah 1.2 (a), 1.2(b)
dan 1.2 (c) dalam jadual 1.1. Keputusan kajian ditunjukkan dalam jadual yang sama.
Numbers of
times the boy The time taken
Situation running up and Observation for making 30
down the stair heartbeats (s)
case.
One time
20
Figure 1,1
Two times
Figure 1.2(a)

SULIT
SULIT 3 4551/3
Three times
Figure 1.2(b)
Four times
Figure 1.2(c)
Table 1.1

SULIT
SULIT 4 4551/3
For
examiner’s
use
(a) (i) Based on Table 1.1, state two observations on the relationship of the numbers
of times the boy runs up and down the stair case and the time taken for 30 heart
beats.
Berdasarkan jadual 1.1, nyatakan dua pemerhatian tentang hubungan antara bilangan
kekerapan pelajar tersebut berlari menerusi anak tangga keatas dan kebawah dan masa
untuk 30 degupan jantung
Observation 1 :
Pemerhatian 1 :
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Observation 2 :
Pemerhatian 2 :
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1 (a) (i)
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(ii) State the inference which corresponds to the observations in 1(a) (i)
Nyatakan inferen yang sepadan dengan pemerhatian di 1(a) (i)
Inference from observation 1:

Inferens daripada pemerhatian 1 :
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Inference from observation 2 :

Inferens daripada pemerhatian 2 :
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1 (a) (ii)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

SULIT
SULIT 5 4551/3
For
examiner’s
(b) Complete Table 1.2 based on this experiment. use
Lengkapkan Jadual 1.2 berdasarkan eksperimen ini.
Variable Method to handle the variable

Pemboleh ubah Cara mengendali pemboleh ubah
Manipulated variable:
Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan
..............................................................................
………………………………………..
……………………………………………………….
………………………………………
……………………………………… ………………………………………………………
Responding variable:
Pembolehubah bergerak balas
……………………………………….. ..............................................................................
……………………………………… ………………………………………………………...
………………………………………
………………………………………………………..
Constant variable:
Pembolehubah dimalarkan
……………………………………….. ..............................................................................
……………………………………… ………………………………………………………..
………………………………………
………………………………………………………
Table 1.2 1 (b)

Jadual 1.2
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(c) State the hypothesis for this experiment.

Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1 (c)
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

SULIT
SULIT 6 4551/3
For examiner’s
use
(d) Record the time taken for the boy’s heart to make 30 heart beats in the three
occasions in Table 1.1.
Catatkan masa untuk 30 degupan jantung pelajar tersebut dalam ketiga-tiga
keadaan dalam jadual 1.1
1 (d)
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(e) Based on Table 1.1, construct a table and record the results of the experiment which
include the following aspects:
Berdasarkan jadual 1.1, bina satu jadual dan catatkan keputusan kajian tersebut yang
merangkumi aspek berikut
- The numbers of time of running up and down the stair case

Bilangan kekerpan menaikki dna menuruni anak tanggga
- The time taken for the boy’s heart to make 30 beats
Masa untuk 30 degupan jantung pelajar tersebut
- The rate of the boy’s heart beat (times/minute)
Kadar degupan jantung pelajar tersebut ( masa / minit)
1 (e)
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(f) From the table in (e) (i) above, draw the graph of the rate of the boy’s heart
beats against the number of times of running up and down the stair case.
Daripada jadual dalam (e)(i), lakarkan graf kadar degupan jantung pelajar melawan 1 (f)
bilangan dia menaiki dan menuruni anak tangga
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

SULIT
SULIT 7 4551/3
For
(g) Based on the graph you have drawn in (f) above, explain the relationship between the examiner’s
number of times of running up and down the stair case, the time taken for the boy’s use
heart to beat 30 times and the rate of the boy’s heart beat.
Berdasarkan graf yang dilakarkan di (f), terangkan hubungan antara bilangan pelajar
menaiki dan menuruni tangga, masa untuk 30 degupan jantungnya dan kadar degupan
jantungnya
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1 (f)
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(h) Predict the rate of the boy’s heart beat if he runs up and down the same stair
case 5 times.
Explain your prediction.
Ramalkan kadar degupan jantung pelajar tersebut jika dia berlari menerusi anak
tangga yang sama keatas dan kebawah sebanyak 5 kali.
Terangkan ramalan anda.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1 (g)
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(i) Based on this experiment, deduce the meaning of the rate of the heart beat.
Berdasarkan kajian ini, rumuskan maksud kadar degupan jantung.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1 (h)
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

SULIT
SULIT 8 4551/3
For
examiner’
(j) The student also carried out an experiment to investigate the amount of carbon dioxide s use
produced after doing the exercise. The following list is part of the apparatus and
materials used in this experiment.
Pelajar tersebut juga menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengkaji jumlah karbon dioksida
yang dihasilkan selepas melakukan senaman.
J tube, ruler, potassium pyrogallate solution, beaker, potassium hydroxide

solution, boiling tube, rubber tubing, basin, water
Tiub J, pembaris, larutan kalium pirogalat, bikar,larutan kalium hidroksida,

tabung didih, salur getah, besen, air
Complete the table 1.3 below by classifying the apparatus and materials used in this
experiment.
Lengkapkan jadual 1.3 dengan mengklasifikasikan alat radas dan bahan yang
digunakan pembolehubah dan bahan serta radas yang digunakan dalam eksperimen
ini.
Apparatus Materials
Radas Bahan
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

SULIT
SULIT 9 4551/3
2. Variation are differences in trait between individual of the same species. Variation causes an
individual able to adapt to the surrounding for survival of the species. Example of variation are types
of fingerprints, attachment of ear lobes, height, ability to role the tongue and blood group.
Variasi ialah perbezaaan trait di antara individu dari spesies yang sama. Variasi menyebabkan
seorang individu berkebolehan untuk menyesuaikan diri dengan persekitaran untuk kemandirian
spesies. Contoh variasi ialah jenis cap jari, lekatan cuping telinga, ketinggian, kebolehan menggulung
lidah dan kumpulan darah.
A group of form 5 Perkasa students carried out an experiment to investigate the variation among
themselves. The traits on height and attachment of ear lobes were observed.
Sekumpulan pelajar dari 5 Perkasa menjalankan eksperimen untuk menyiasat variasi dikalangan
mereka. Trait untuk ketinggian dan lekapan cuping telinga diperhatikan.
Height
Plan a laboratory experiment to determine the types of variation to the number of students. Your
planning of the experiment must include the following aspects:
Rancang satu eksperimen makmal untuk menentukan jenis variasi terhadap bilangan pelajar.
 Problem statement
Pernyataan masalah
 Objective of investigation
Objektif kajian
 Hypothesis
Hipotesis
 Variables
Pemboleh ubah
 List of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan
 Technique used
Teknik yang digunakan
 Experimental procedure or method
Kaedah atau prosedur eksperimen
 Presentation of data
Cara data dipersembahkan
 Conclusion
Kesimpulan
17 marks
[ 17 markah ]
END OF THE QUESTION PAPER

SULIT
PPD MELAKA TENGAH
LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009
JAWAPAN - BIOLOGY PAPER 1
1. A 11. C 21. C 31. C 41. C
2. B 12. C 22. C 32. D 42. A
3. A 13. A 23. C 33. D 43. A
4. A 14. D 24. C 34. C 44. B
5. B 15. D 25. D 35. C 45. B
6. D 16. C 26. B 36. C 46. C
7. C 17. B 27. C 37. C 47. D
8. B 18. D 28. D 38. C 48. B
9. A 19. A 29. B 39. B 49. B
10. A 20. C 30. C 40. D 50. D

PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009 BIOLOGY P2
SULIT 4551/2
4551/2
Biology
Paper 2
October 2009
1 ½ jam

_______________________________________________________
BIOLOGY
Paper 2
PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN
UNTUK KEGUNAAN PEMERIKSA SAHAJA
PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN INI MENGANDUNGI 15 HALAMAN BERCETAK
1
MARKING SCHEME - BIOLOGY PAPER 2
QUESTION 1
No Criteria Marks
(a) Able to name tissue K and tissue L.
Answer:
 K: Upper epidermis (cells / tissue) 1
 L: Palisade mesophyll (cells / tissue) 1 2
(b) Able to state the function of cells K and M in a leaf.

Sample answer:
 K: Protect the inner tissues. // Allows light to penetrate. 1
 M: Controls the size of stoma / transpiration / gaseous exchange 1
// Allows gaseous exchange through the stoma. 2
(c) (i) Able to explain the differentiation of cells J to form the xylem tissue.
Sample answer:
 Cells J join end to end, / the wall of cells J at the joints dissolved, 1
 to form a hollow tube / continuous tube (from root to leaves). 1
 The wall of xylem vessel is thickened by lignin. (Any 2) 1 2
(ii) Able to explain the effect on the function of the leaf when the plant
unable to synthesise lignin during the formation of the xylem tissue.
Sample answer:
 Xylem cannot be strengthened / cannot uphold leaf. 1
 Less sunlight received / absorbed. 1
 Slow down the rate of photosynthesis / less glucose produced 1
Or (Any 2)
 Xylem vessels collapsed.
1
 Less water supplied to leaves.
1
 Slow down the rate of photosynthesis / less glucose produced
1 2
(Any 2)
(d) Able to state the meaning of cell specialisation.
Sample answer:
 Cells grow, change shape / differentiate. 1
 To carry out / perform specific function. 1 2
(e) Able to explain the adaptation of palisade mesophyll tissue to enable

the leaf to carry out its function.
Sample answer:
 Upright and closely packed. 1
 Contains large number of chloroplast. 1
 All cells receive maximum amount of sunlight. 1
// Absorb maximum amount of sunlight // energy. 2
TOTAL 12
2
QUESTION 2
No Criteria Marks
(a) Able to name the phase U.
Sample answer:
U : Interphase 1 1
(b) Able to describe the processes at sub phases X, Y and Z during

phase U
Sample answer :
1
X : Cell synthesises protein / new orgenelles formed 1
Y : DNA is synthesized / is replicated / 2 sister chromatids
formed 1 3
Z : Cell accumulates energy / synthesise energy / prepare for
cell division
(c)
Able to draw a daughter cell based on the following criteria: 1
 No. of chromosomes are haploid / 3 chromosomes 1
 Types of chromosomes/ non homologous 1
 New genetic combination Any 2 2
(d)
Able to explain how radiotherapy can treat cancer. 1
Sample answer : 1
1
F : Radiotherapy uses radiation / high energy rays 1
E1 : destroy the nucleus of cancerous cells Any
E2 : cancerous cells die / cannot divide mitotically 1E = 1 2
E3 : cell cycle stops
(e)(i)
Able to name the method and explain the advantages of the
method in increasing crop yield. 1
1
Sample answer : 1
T : Tissue culture / Cloning 1
E1 : Large numbers of clones can be produced T=1m
E2 : Within a short period of time / any time Any
E3 : Clones inherited good characteristics/ resistance to diseases 2E
/ fast growth rate / large fruit / good genetic traits Marks 3
(e)(ii)
Able to state one problem : Any 1 1
Clones can be destroyed completely if they do not have the
resistance to new diseases / pest.//
No variation
TOTAL 12
3
QUESTION 3
No Criteria Marks
3a Able to name P,Q and R

Suggested answer 1
P: leguminous plant / example of a leguminous plant 1
Q: nitrates 1 3
R: denitrifying bacteria
b(i) Able to state the name of the microorganism 1 1

Suggested answer
Rhizobium sp /nitrogen fixing bacteria
(ii) Able to name the natural phenomenon that can convert atmospheric
nitrogen to substance Q 1 1
Suggested answer
Lightning
c(i) Able to suggest the type of the microorganism that is involved in 1 1

process Y.
Suggested answer
saprophytic bacteria / fungi // putrefying bacteria / fungi
(ii) Able to explain the role of the microorganism in the nitrogen cycle
Suggested answer
1. Saprophytic bacteria / fungi decompose protein in the dead 1
plants and animals / excretory products of animals
2. to ammonium/ simpler nitrogenous compounds/ ammonia which 1
is eventually converted to nitrates.
3. This increases the nitrate / nitrogen content of the soil. 1 3
d Able to explain how a deficiency of Q in the soil affects plant growth.

Suggested answer
1 Root hairs absorb less Q/nitrates/nitrogen 1
// less Q/nitrates/nitrogen is available to be absorbed by plants. 1
2. Less chlorophyll / protein is synthesized. 1
3 Rate of photosynthesis decreases. 1 3
4 Plant growth is slow / retarded.
Any 3
TOTAL 12
4
QUESTION 4
No Criteria Marks
(a) Able to state the substances injected into the blood of individual
P and individual Q.
Sample answer:
P : Dead or weakened bacteria / viruses / antigens// vaccine 1 2
Q : Serum containing antibodies // antiserum 1
(b) Able to explain the type of immunity obtained by individual P and

individual Q.
Sample answer :
P : Artificial active immunity 1
The body produces its own antibodies to fight against
infections by pathogens.
Q : Artificial passive immunity
The body receives antibodies produced from outside sources 1 2
to fight against infections by pathogens.
(c) Able to describe how could save that boy.

Sample answer :
F1: Snake venom / toxin acts as antigen to our body
F2: Injection of serum which contains instant antibodies / 1
antiserum / anti-toxin must be given to the patient. 1
F3: Antibody-antigen action occured very fast
F4: Antitoxin/ antibody reacts with toxin / snake venom/ antigen 4
and neutralize it / he is saved. 1
1
Able to state the types of pathogen which cause the diseases
(d)(i) Answer:
Virus / bacteria
Able to explain why there is a need for second and third doses
(ii) for the immunisation
Sample answer : 1
F1: Immunisation is given to prevent infection from pathogens

that caused diseases like Tuberculosis, Hepatitis B, Polio,
diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus. German measles ( state at
least 2 example )
F2: New born are injected with vaccines to get Artificially Active
Immunity 1
F3: First dose are given to induce baby lymphocytes to produce
antibodies which are specific against the antigens / bacteria /
virus 1
F4: 2nd and 3rd dose are booster dose to increase the production
of antibodies at a faster rate. 1
F5: Achieved immunity level // antibodies remained in the blood
for a long time and provide permanent immunity / protect them
from the next infection. 1 3
Any 3
TOTAL 12
5
QUESTION 5
No Criteria Marks
(a) (i) Able to name the type of fingerprints of students X and Y

Answer:
X - Loop ; Y- Composite 2 2
( ii) Able to state one factor that causes variation in the fingerprints
of students X and Y.
Answer: 1 1
Genetic factor
(iii) Able to state how the factor in (a) (ii) causes variation
Answer:
Genetic recombination during crossing over 1 1
results in the formation of different
(b) (i) Able to state the type of variation

Answer:
Continuos variation 1 1
Able to state two traits, other than fingerprint, which show the
(ii) same type of variation as in (b)(i)
Answer:
The ability to roll tongue 1 2

Types of hair 1
Able to explain the differences between the type of variation

(c) shown by fingerprints and height.
Sample answer:
Height Types of fingerprint
- Shows normal distribution Shows discrete distribution 1 2
- Affected by environmental Not affected by 1

Factors environmental factor
Able to explain how variation can ensure the survival of a species
(d) Sample answer:
- Can differentiate from one individual to another / no one is the 1

same
- Able to adapt to a new environment 1 3
- Able to camourflage to run away from any predators
1
TOTAL 12
6
SECTION B
QUESTION 6
No Criteria Marks
(a) (i) Able to explain the exchange of gases between tracheole and body
cell.
Sample answer:
 Partial pressure/concentration of oxygen in the tracheole is higher 1
than partial pressure/concentration of oxygen in body cell .
 Oxygen diffuse from tracheole to body cell 1
 Partial pressure/concentration of carbon dioxide in the body cell is 1
higher than partial pressure/concentration of carbon dioxide in
tracheole .
 Carbon dioxide diffuse from tracheole to body cell 1 4
(ii) Able to explain how the absent of chitin affect the process of
inhalation and energy production of the insect.
Sample answer:
 The function of chitin is to prevent trachea from collapsing/sustain 1
the air pressure
 During inhalation high pressure air moves into the trachea. 1
 The absent of chitin will cause the trachea / P to collapse / burst / 1
rupture.
 Air with oxygen cannot reach tracheal. 1
 Body cell cannot get enough oxygen for cellular respiration 1
 The insect does not produce enough energy and respire 1
anaerobically. 6
 Less energy produced. (Any 6) 1
b (i) Able to compare and explain the respiration before and during
vigorous exercise.
Sample answer:
Before (A) During (B) Explanation (E)

1 Aerobic Anaerobic  Before - oxygen intake is
. Respiration Respiration low/the same as oxygen
required/enough oxygen
is supplied to the cell
 During – oxygen required
is more than oxygen
intake
2 The The muscles  Before – oxygen is

. muscles are are in the state sufficient
in normal of oxygen debt  During – oxygen is
condition insufficient / oxygen
supplied is less than
oxygen supplied.
3 Energy Energy  Before – complete break

. produced is produced is down of glucose (produce
7
more/38 less / 2 ATP more energy)

ATP  During – incomplete break
down of glucose (produce
less energy)
4 No/less High  Before – complete break

. accumulatio accumulation down of glucose produce
n of lactic of lactic acid in carbon dioxide and water
acid in the the muscles  During – Incomplete
muscles breakdown of glucose
produce lactic acid
A + B = 1m
E=1m (Any one E)
8
(b) (ii) Able to explain how the oxygen intake by the athlete returns to the
normal level at the 25th minute.
Sample answer:
 Lactic acid has been removed from the muscles 1
 The lactic acid has been converted to energy/ convert to glucose 1 2
TOTAL 20
8
QUESTION 7
No. Criteria Mark Remark
7(a) Able to explain the relationship between development of
the follicle , changing of the respective hormonal level in
the blood and the thickening of the uterine
endometrium.
Suggested answer:
Day 0 – 7
Follicle Max 3
– very small 1 marks for
– start to develop when receive FSH from pituitary 1 each stage
– the wall of follicle will produce estrogen 1 - 9 marks
FSH
- pituitary start to release FSH, FSH will go 1
to the ovary 1
- FSH stimulate development of follicle At least the
answer
Endometrium shows the
- stimulate by estrogen; undergo thickening / repairing 1 relationship
between 3
Day 8 – 14 parameter
Follicle i.e follicle,
- become larger, develop to form follicle Graaf hormone
FSH / LH/ Estrogen/progesterone 1 and
- FSH decrease, LH at maximum level , estrogen at endometriu
maximum level 1 m
- LH stimulate ovulation / completion of meiosis I, 1 - 1 mark
estrogen stimulate the thickening of endometrium
- Progesterone level very low 1
Endometrium
- endometrium become very thick (ready to
implantation (of embryo))
- 1
Day 15 - 21
Follicle
- Follicle undergoes ovulation/ released oocyte II
- The remaining follicle tissue / corpus luteum 1
secreted small amount of estrogen but large 1
amount of progesterone
FSH/ LH/ Estrogen/ Progesterone

- Progesterone stimulated the thickening of
endometrium , halted the secretion of FSH/LH 1
- Development of new follicle and ovulation stop.
1
Endometrium
- more thicker and highly vascular
- ready for implantation of embryo
9
Day 22 – 28
Corpus luteum
- if no fertilisation, corpus luteum become
disintegrate 1
FSH/ LH/ Estrogen / Progesterone

- FSH, LH and estrogen at minimum level;
progesterone level also drop 1
Endometrium
- endometrium become breakdown & disintegrate 1
- blood and tissue are shed / lining of uterus
discharge through vagina as menstrual flow. 1 Max – 10
7(b) Able to compare the growth process in human and

insect.
Suggested answers:
Similarities
- height of man / length of instar increases by time 1 Max – 10
- both show horizontal line / constant growth during marks
adult 1
*2 marks
Difference for
- Form of graph – Sigmoid form for human and like similarities,
series of steps in insect 1 8 marks for
- Age of organism – the height measured yearly, differences
but in insect used day for measuring the length 1
- Caused of different – human have endoskeleton
but insect have exoskeleton 1
- Stages involve – in human, the curve has three
different phases, but there are five steps in insect 1
// nymphal stages
- Vertical and horizontal line : curve for human did
not shows different line (only the curve from 1
continuous points), but there are five different
horizontal and vertical lines each
- Zero growth – no point to show zero growth in
human, but there are 5 time of zero growth (at 1
horizontal line)
- Sudden growth : no sudden growth for human,
but there are sudden growth in insect (at vertical 1
line)
- Ecdysis : no ecdysis in human but ecdysis
occurred in insect 1
- Mitosis : the cells in human undergo mitosis all
the time, but in insect, mitosis only occurred at 1
certain time (during ecdysis)
- Absorption of air : in human, there are no
absorption of air, but in insect, during ecdysis 1
TOTAL 20
10
QUESTION 8
No Criteria Marks
8(a) Able to explain why there is a variation of blood groups in the
offspring
1. The ABO blood group in humans is controlled by three alleles 1
IA, , IB and Io.
2 Alleles IA and IB are codominant but allele Io is recessive. 1
3 Ahmad is heterozygous for blood group A // Genotype of 1
Ahmad is IA, IO,
4 Amalina is heterozygous for blood group B // Genotype of 1
Amalina is IB, IO
5 Ahmad produces two types of sperms, one containing allele IA 1
and the other containing allele IO .
6 Amalina produces ovum containing allele IO or allele IB 1
7 When the sperm containing allele IO fertilizes with the ovum 1
containing allele IO the offspring produced will have the
genotype IO IO
8 and the phenotype is blood group O. 1
9 Three of the children who have the blood group O are 1
produced this way and they have the genotype IOIO
10 When the sperm containing the IA allele fertilizes with the 1
ovum containing allele IB then the offspring produced will
have the genotype IA IB
11 and the phenotype is blood group AB. 1
12 One of the children who have the blood group AB is produced
this way and has the genotype IA, IB. 1 10
Any 10 points
Genetic diagram:
Parents Ahmad x Amalina

Genotype IA I O IB IO √
PT 3,4
IA IO IB IO
PT 5., 6
Gametes
√
Fertilisation
Offspring
Genotype IAIB IOIO √
PT7.10
Phenotype blood group AB blood group B
√ Pt 8, 11
(If answer using schematic diagram - only maximum 7 marks)
No Criteria Marks
11
8b Able to explain the effect of genetic engineering on man and the

environment
Suggested answer
Good effects
Agriculture
F1 Genetic engineering used to produce disease resistant/ pest resistant
plants
e.g legumes, peas and beans
P : Less pesticides are used
- less pollution to the environment
- better health for consumers.
P : increase yield of crops
- better livelihood for farmers.
- help to solve problems of insufficient food.
F2 : create crops with better nutrition value e.g tomatoes with higher
vitamin A content
- help to solve problems of malnutrition.
F3: create crops with longer shelf lives e.g tomato
- less food wastage
F4 : genetically modified livestock e. g cows
- produce meat with less fat / more milk.
Medicine
F5 : genetically modified bacteria produce insulin
P ; for treatment of diabetis mellitus
F6: Genetically modified yeast to produce vaccine for hepatitis
P: for prevention of diseases.
F7: Gene therapy for treatment of genetic disorders/ diseases e.g
muscular dystrophy, rheumatoid arthritis, sickle cell anaemia
P: Defective gene removed and normal gene inserted.
Any 2F and P for agriculture,

any 1F and P for medicine Max : 6m 6
Bad effect
F1 Pest resistant genes may be transferred to weeds
P: may be difficult to control growth of weeds.
F2: Some transgenic crops may have animal genes
P : this may not be acceptable to certain groups for religious reasons.
F3: Genetically modified foods may be harmful to health
P: may activate human genes to cause cancer.
F4: Transgenic organisms may affect the survival of other organisms
in the ecosystem.
P: may cause the imbalance of nature / ecosystem
F5: Gene therapy used for the treatment of genetic disorder has its
limitations.
P : may not be acceptable because of religious and moral values.
: very costly 4
Any 2F and P 10
Max 4m
TOTAL 20
QUESTION 9
12
No Criteria Marks
9 (a)(i) Able to discuss the importance of Biodiversity
Suggested answer:
F- it provides humans with necessities of life

P- is a resource for food/timber to build shelter/as a fuel/fibres
for clothing.
F- many plant species are original sources of pharmaceutical
drugs/medicines.
P- new commodities, for example, new crop plants or medicinal
materials could be developed using the gene pool from wild
species in the forests.
F- allow for biological control to maintain stable population
P- regulate climatic conditions, biogeochemical cycles, prevent
flooding
F- Natural ecosystems and species in the wild are beautiful
P- there is much pleasure to be derived from unspoilt natural
environment
F- ecotourism
P- could provide income for some countries
Any 4 points Max 4
(ii) Able to discuss the Importance of mangrove swamps.

Sample answer:
- F: resource for timber used in building industry

- P : has many varieties of species of mangrove trees
- F: Mangroves protect the coastlines and prevent
- coastal erosion.
- P: The roots of mangrove trees act as wave
- breakers which stabilise the coastlines.
- F:: Mangrove swamps are good breeding grounds
- for fish and crustaceans/ prawns, crabs etc.
- Important for fishermen
- P: The calm water and prop roots shelter the
- spawns from predators
- F: Serve as habitat for many species of birds,
- amphibians and reptiles.
- P: The habitat provides food, shelter, living space,
- nesting and breeding sites for these animals.
- F: Serve as natural barriers against torrential
- storms and tsunamis
- P: The trees block the water from flooding the
land during a storm.
Any 6 ponts Max 6
13
(b)(i) Able to discuss the uses of microorganisms in ;

1
Waste treatment
- rich in organic matters, bacteria and microorganisms 1
- (in oxidation pond)the sewage is decomposed
by(millions) of aerobic bacteria(in the presence of 1
oxygen)
- Decomposed sewage/sludge settled to the bottom of the
pond
1
- fermentation takes place at sedimentation tanks
1
- using anaerobic bacteria 1
- produce methane/carbon dioxide/minerals 1
- digested sludge use as fertilizers Max 5
Any 5 points
(ii) Food processing

- F: Use of yeast in making of bread and cake
- P: Fermentation by yeast produces carbon dioxide
- which makes dough rise.
- F: Beer brewed from barley/ wine from grape juice
- P: Yeast fermentation of the sugar in barley/ grape
- produces ethanol
- F: Yoghurt is made from fermentation of milk by
- bacteria / Lactobacillus sp. / Streptooccus
- thermophillus
- P: Bacteria converts sugar into lactic acid which
- coagulates the milk to / form yoghurt
- F: Cheese made by adding bacteria and rennin to
- milk.
- P: Milk separates into curd and whey/ coagulates
- F: Soya sauce made from fermentation of soya
- bean by fungi
- P: Yeast fermentation breaks down soya bean and
- gives it flavour Max 5
Any 5 points
TOTAL 20
14
SULIT 4551/3
4551/3
Biology
Paper 3
October 2009
1 ½ jam

_______________________________________________________
BIOLOGY
Paper 3
PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN
UNTUK KEGUNAAN PEMERIKSA SAHAJA
PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN INI MENGANDUNGI 10 HALAMAN BERCETAK
4551/3
PPD Melaka Tengah 2009 SULIT
MARK SCHEME 2 4551/3
1(a)(i)
Score Explanation
Able to state any two observations based on the following criteria:
C1 : Numbers of times the boy running up and down the stair case.
3 C2 : The time taken for making 30 heart beats.
C3 : Reading for C1 and C2
1: The time taken for the boy’s heart to beat 30 times is 15 seconds when he
runs up and down the stair case two times.
2: The time taken for the boy’s heart to beat 30 times is 10 seconds when he
runs up and down the stair case four times.
2 Able to state any one correct observation or two inaccurate response.

1 Able to state one correct observation or two inaccurate response or idea.
0 No response or wrong response
1 (a)(ii)
Score Explanation
Able to state two reasonable inferences for the correspond to the observation.
3 1: The heart beats is slow because the boy’s body needs a smaller amount of
oxygen supply to run a shorter distance.
2: The heart beats is fast because the boy’s body needs a larger amount of
oxygen supply when he runs a longer distance.
2 Able to state one correct inference and one inaccurate inference.

1 Able to state one correct inference or two inaccurate inference or idea.
1(b)
Score Explanation
Able to state the variable and the method to handle variable correctly (√) for each
variable and method
Variable Method to handle the variable
Manipulated variable
By running up and down the stair case
The distance run by the boy // for different number of times // 2 times,
the number of times he runs up three times and four times.
and down the stair case
Responding variable
By taking down the time taken for the
The time taken for the boy’s boy’s heart to beat 30 times after each
heart to beat 30 times after the running and record them in a table.
running.
Fixed variable By using the same boy throughout the
entire experiment // use the same stair
The boy, the height of the stair case for all the experiment // by
case, the number of heart beats counting the same number of heart
(30) beat for all the experiment.
3 Able to get all 6 (√)
2 Able to get 4 – 5 (√)
1 Able to get 2 – 3 (√)
1 (c)
Score Explanation
3 Able to state the hypothesis correctly based on the following criteria:
P1 (manipulated)
P2 (responding)
R - State the relationship between P1 and P2.
The more the number of times the boy runs up and down the stair case, the
shorter the time his heart takes to beat 30 times after the running.
2 Able to state the hypothesis but less accurate.
1. Time taken for making 30 heart beat depends on the numbers of times the boy
running up and down the stair case.
1 Able to state the idea of the hypothesis.
1(d)
Score Explanation
3 Able to record all the readings the time taken for the boy’s heart to make 30 heart
beats in the three correctly.
2 times = 15 s
3 times = 12 s
4 times = 10 s
2 Able to record any 2 readings correctly.
1 Able to record any 1 readings correctly.
0 No response or wrong response.
1(e)
Score Explanation
Able to construct a table and record the result of the experiment which the following
criteria:
3
C – state all the numbers of time of running up and down the stair case . (√)
D – Transfer all data correctly. (Time taken) (√)
T – calculate all the rate of the boy’s heart beat (with unit) (√)
The number of times The time taken for the The rate of the boy’s
of running up and boy’s heart to make 30 heart beat
down the stair case beats (s) (times/minutes)
2 15 120
3 12 150
4 10 180
2 Able to construct a table and record any two criteria
1 Able to construct a table and record any one criteria
1 (f)
Score Explanation
Able to draw the graph for the rate of the boy’s heart beats against the number of
times of running up and down the stair case.
P1 – Both axes are labeled with unit and uniform scale.
P2 – All points are correctly plotted
P3 – Smooth curve (didn’t touch X-axis or/and Y-axis)
3 Able to get all criteria correct
2 Able to get any two criteria correct
1 Able to get any one criteria correct
1(g)
Score Explanation
Able to explain the relationship between the number of times of running up and
3 down the stair case, the time taken for the boy’s heart to beat 30 times and the
rate of the boy’s heart beat correctly.
The more the number of times the boy runs up and down the stair case, the
shorter the time taken for his heart to make 30 beats or to beat 30 times, so the
higher the rate of the boy’s heart beat.
2 Able to explain briefly the relationship between the number of times of running up
and down the stair case, the time taken for the boy’s heart to beat 30 times and the
rate of the boy’s heart beat.
1 Able to explain the idea of relationship between the number of times of running up
and down the stair case, the time taken for the boy’s heart to beat 30 times and the
rate of the boy’s heart beat.
1(h)
Score Explanation
3 Able to predict and explain the outcome of the experiment correctly with the
following aspect.
Prediction:
P1 – Able to predict the rate of the boy’s heart beat if he runs up and down the
same staircase 5 times.
Explanation:
P2 – Able to state the changes in number of times the boy runs up and down the
stair case,
P3 – Able to state the changes in the time taken for his heart to make 30 beats or
to beat 30 times,
Sample answer:
The rate of the boy’s heart beat would be higher than 180 times per minute
because the more the number of times the boy runs up and down the stair case,
the shorter the time taken for his heart to make 30 beats or to beat 30 times.
2 Able to predict based on any two criteria.
1 Able to predict based on any one criteria.
1(i)
Score Explanation
3 Able to state the definition of the rate of the heartbeat operationally, complete
and correct, based on the following criteria.
P1 – basic concept of heartbeat rate

P2 – manipulated variable
P3 – responding variable
Sample answer
The heartbeat rate is the number of breaths per minute shown by the time taken
for making 30 heartbeats and is affected by the number of times the boy runs up
and down the staircase.
2 Able to state the definition of the rate of heartbeat operationally based on any
two criteria.
1 Able to state the definition of the rate of heartbeat operationally based on any
one criterion or an ideal or hypothesis form.
I(j)
Score Explanation
3 Able to classify all the apparatus and materials used correctly.
Apparatus Materials
J tube, basin, Water, potassium
boiling tube, ruler, pyrogallate solution,
beaker, rubber potassium hydroxide
tubing solution
2 Able to classify all the apparatus correctly but one material wrong// all materials
correctly but one apparatus wrong.
5-6 apparatus correct with 2 materials
4-5 apparatus correct with 1 materials
1 Able to classify 3-4 apparatus correctly with 1 materials.

Question 2:
KB061201 – ( Problem statement)
Question Score Explanation Remarks

2 3 Able to state the problem statement correctly :
C1 : Types of variation // height and attachment of ear lobes
C2 : Number of students // number of boys / girls
H : Question form
Sample answer:
1. Do all the students have the same attachment of ear lobes and
height / types of variation?
2. Do different attachment of ear lobes and height affect the
number of students?
3. Do the boys and girls have the same attachment of ear lobes
and height?
4. How many students have the same attachment of ear lobes and
height?
5. What is the number of student in the group having the same
attachment of ear lobes and height?
2 Able to state the problem statement of identified problem but

incorrect.
Sample Answer:
1. Height and attachment of ear lobes affect the number of
students ?
1 Able to state an idea only Tick

Sample Answer:
Attachment of ear lobes/ height affect the number of students?
KB061202 ( KB061203 – Making Hypothesis )

2 3 Able to write a complete hypothesis relating the manipulated variable
and responding variable correctly based on:
C1 = Manipulated variable = types of variation / types of attachment
of ear lobes and height
C2 = Responding variable = number of students / boys and girls
H = Relationship.
Sample answer :
1. Different number of students show different types of
ear lobes attachment and height / types of variation // inversely .
2. Each student in thé group / class belongs to one type
of ear lobes attachment and (specific range) of height .
3. Height is a continuous variation and attachment of ear lobes /
is a discontinuous variation.
2 Able to write an incomplete hypothesis statement
Sample answer:
1. Students have different types of attachment of ear lobes and height.
1 Tick
Able to give an idea of the above hypothesis.
Sample answer:
1. Attachment of ear lobes and height varies among the students .
KB061203 - Planning ( Planning for investigation)

2 3 Able to state 7-9 aspects of experimental planning which
includes the following:
 Problem statement – idea level
 Aim of investigation / Objective – Relation between C1

and C2
Sample answer
To investigate the types of variation among students in 5 Jauhari.

//To study the number of students with different height and types ear
lobes attachment
 Statement of hypothesis – idea level
 Variables –
Able to state the three variables correctly.
- Types of variation // height and types of ear lobes attachment
- Number of students / boys or girls
-Same class// same age// same gender // ten students .
 List of materials and apparatus
 Technique –
Sample answer:
Record / count the number of students / boys and girls with different
types of variation using meter rule.
// Record the height using the meter rule / count the number of
students having different types of ear lobes attachment
Bonus 1 = 1 mark
 Procedure / Method of investigation – must have all criteria

K1, K2, K3, K4, K5
 Data presentation // presentation of result –

- title and correct unit
Sample Answer :
Student’s Types of ear lobes Height

name attachment (m)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10
Bonus 2 = 1 mark
 Conclusion (CS) – Must write the correct hypothesis again.

Reject conclusion., if only write hypothesis accepted.
Sample answer :
Different students show different types of attachment of ear lobes/
different height. Hypothesis is accepted.
// Each student in thé group / class belongs to one type of ear lobes
attachment and (specific range of ) height .
// Height is a continuous variation and types of ear lobes attachment/ is
a discontinuous variation.
2 Able to state 4 – 6 aspect of planning investigation
1 Able to state 1 - 3 aspect of planning investigation Tick


2 3 Able to list down the complete and correct procedures/steps used
based on the following five criterias K1, K2, K3, K4 and K5 :
K1 : Setting apparatus and materials: To get K1,

K2 : Operating manipulated variable they must
K3 : Operating responding variable be 3
K4 : Operating controlled variables. example
K5 : Precautions steps of K1
Sample Answer: To get K2,

Method / Procedures : K3,K4
1. Ten names of student in thé same group were written down in and K5
a table (include my name) K1 / K4 they must
2. My height is measured by using a metre rule and recorded in a be at least
table. K1 1 example
3. Thé experiment is repeated by investigating thé types of ear
lobes attachment K2
4. Observed the types of ear lobes attachment of the students
K1
5. All the observations are recorded. K3
6. Steps 2 until 5 were repeated to other students in thé same
group. K2
7. Thé measurement of height and types of ear lobes attachment
are repeated twice to get thé average.
K5
8. Two graphs on thé number of students against thé types of
variation were plotted. K1
2 3-4 criteria / 3-4 K’s

1 1- 2 criteria / 1-2 K’s 1K a tick
0 1 criteria or no response

2 3 Able to state all the materials and apparatus correctly: 3A + 1M
Sample Answer:
1) Student
2) Graph paper
3) Marker/pen
4) Meter rule / tape
2 Able to state three of the materials and 3 apparatus 2A +1M

1 Able to state two of the materials and 2 apparatus 1A + 1M
03 Report writing
3 Score 3 = 7-9 √
2 Score 2 = 4-6 √
1 Score 1 = 1-3 √
0 No response or wrong response.
TOTAL = 17 marks
Question 1: 33 Marks
Question 2: 17 Marks
(Total = 50 marks)

Lonjakan Saujana SPM 2009

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LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH MELAKA TENGAH

PROGRAM LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

Satu jam lima belas miniit

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU

1. Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 50 soalan

2. Jawab semua soalan

3. Jawab dengan menghitamkan ruangan yang betul pada kertas jawapan

4. Hitamkan satu ruangan sahaja bagi setiap soalan

5. Rajah tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan

6. Anda dibenarkan menggunakan kalkulator saintifik yang tidak boleh diprogramkan

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 20 halaman bercetak

PPD MELAKA TENGAH

2 The plasma membrane consists of molecules arranged in a double layer as

The part labelled I and II are

What is this process called?

PPD MELAKA TENGAH

5. Lipid is needed to build substance X while cellulose is needed to build substance Y.

A Protoplasm Cell wall

B Plasma membrane Cell wall

C Cell wall Protoplasm

D Cell wall Plasma membrane

PPD MELAKA TENGAH

8 Diagram 5 shows the phases in a cell cycle.

PPD MELAKA TENGAH

Which of the following represents V ?

9 Diagram 6 shows a phase in mitosis of a plant cell.

Which of the following is true about the cell in Diagram 6 ?

Stage of mitosis Number of chromosomes in the

11 Lack of vitamin D in the diet will cause the disease

PPD MELAKA TENGAH

12 Diagram 7 shows the molecular structure of three food classes

Which food classes do X, Y and Z belong to ?

13 Diagram 8 shows part of the human alimentary canal.

PPD MELAKA TENGAH

16 Table shows the biomass of a few types of organisms in a community.

Organism Total Biomass of all the

Which of the following is a possible food chain in this community?

17 Which of the following organisms is a parasite ?

PPD MELAKA TENGAH

18 Diagram 9 is a graph which shows changes in the population of two species of

What is the interrelationship between species T and U?

19 Diagram 10 shows a cross section of a young dicotyledon root consisting of a few

20 Diagram 11 shows some human bones .

PPD MELAKA TENGAH

Which bones are part of the axial skeleton ?

21 Diagram 12 below shows a motor neuron.

22 Diagram 13 shows a plant with soft stem .

A Clasping roots B Twining stems

PPD MELAKA TENGAH

A The cucumber cell wall prevents it from shrinking

25 Diagram 15 shows the four-chambered stomach of a ruminant.

A. S- Rumen, mutualistic bacteria digest cellulose.

PPD MELAKA TENGAH

Glucose Protein Salts Urea

28 Diagram 17 shows sex determination in human.

Ovary cell Testis cell

PPD MELAKA TENGAH

If a couple have a son, what is the cell composition in P, Q and R?

PPD MELAKA TENGAH

32 Contraceptive pills contain a combination of

II Produces two diploid daughter cells Produces four haploid daughter