CIVILIZATION Sutter Portner Portner, Sutter Monday, June 2, 2014 2:57:49 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:dd:79 SECTION 1 The mountainous plateau is an isolated, lush land. The blurry rocky mountain looks like its covered in ash, as it stands tall like a guard that protects the en- chanting plateau. The cool air the morn- ing brings is swift in the sky like a bird that soars over the land high above while the smell of the fresh, lean, fertile grass dances across the plain like a balle- rina. The dark olive colored grass grows This is the Crystophians land they live on and modify. Introduction 1 Portner, Sutter Monday, June 2, 2014 2:57:49 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:dd:79 freely and overlaps each other when they get too dense in weight. The grass is so thick and lush it looks like a gar- dener has been taker care of it for years, and its so soft an animal could lay there without even touching the dirt be- low. It has a tint of lime green and a bit of yellow. The majestic, blinding sunset radiates over the sky. The sunset is like a ripe peach that taste so sweet and juicy like it has just been opened. The small hills far off in the distance are like a wrinkled blanket carefully set on the land, yet made with the softest materi- als. Six bison eat the emerald green grass while one looks on to the remote land. It is in this unfavorable geographic envi- ronment that the civilization of Crysto- phia will be founded. It is a civilization whose design takes inspiration from the study of past civilizations such as the Ar- abs, the Aztecs, the Greeks, the May- ans, the Mesopotamians, and the Ro- mans, among others. This book will document steps to take in order to cre- ate a successful civilization. 2 Portner, Sutter Monday, June 2, 2014 2:57:49 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:dd:79 The peoples good is the highest law. - Cicero CHAPTER 1 3 Law & Government Portner, Sutter Monday, June 2, 2014 2:57:49 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:dd:79 SECTION 1 Reflection Satisfy: Crystophias gov- ernment should sat- isfy the Crysto- phian people be- cause if they do not, the citizens Maintaining Civil Order 4 Portner, Sutter Monday, June 2, 2014 2:57:49 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:dd:79 could rebel and possibly overthrow the government. Crystophia should satisfy the people by creating a healthy govern- ment, creating an economy that may contribute to wealth for its citizens, and making sure there is political equality. In the past, city-states such as Rome, they saw people of their civilization rebel be- cause of lack of government, wealth, and political equality. Frey shows the Ple- beians going on a so- called strike in 494 B.C.E., Angry over their lack of power, the Plebeians marched out of the city and camped on a nearby hill (319). Crystophia should not be unfair to its people or it may cause them to strike and we know Crystophia will fail based of what we have seen from past civilizations. Crystophia should not have classes such as Plebeians or Patricians History has shown us that separa- tion in classes only divides nations and does not contribute to strength. Having a separation in classes also causes great conflict, which can lead to riots and chaos. By not hav- ing classes, citizens would be allowed to communicate openly which would only lead to a stronger civilization. There may be someone who has a great idea or they or may have important information about the security and safety of the group. By having this open communica- 5 This picture shows the Plebeian war warhttps://ancientromesalem.wikispaces.com/le/view/David_ Sabine.jpg/33569989/313x219/David_Sabine.jpg Portner, Sutter Monday, June 2, 2014 2:57:49 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:dd:79 tion, democracy, there would be less of an idea to overthrown the government in times of trouble. Age Range: The Crystophians should choose people who are around the age of 30 for gov- ernment. The older a person is, the wiser they are and the more they can contribute to their civilization. If a Crysto- phian is 18 they have a good education and can remember more solutions from school, but no experience in life because they have been focused on school for the past couple years and they wouldnt know what to do when a huge problem hits the Crystophians civilization due to lack of experience. In Frey it states, Each year, the names of all citizens 30 years of age or older were collected, and 500 of those names were chosen (261). Crystophia should have a sys- tem somewhat like this. Crystophia should have a 30-year age requirement in order to participate in being elected in 6 Athens had an age range of 30 years or up and you had to be a citizen which meant you had to be born in Athens and a male. Gallery 1.1 Athens Government Age System Portner, Sutter Monday, June 2, 2014 2:57:49 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:dd:79 the government. Although Spartan elected men who were 60 years old, the Crystophians should not have a 60- year-old man elected to the government because the Crystophians would have the risk of loosing that person to death. Even though they knew what happened in the past and can think of some good solutions they should not have to risk loosing their lives. They might also have trouble remembering things and the Crystophians would also have to replace new members constantly if they were that old and passed away. Over all Crystophia should have an age limit of 30, because they are not too young and they are not too old and Crystophia should have healthy young (not too young) members. Democracy: The better system of making laws is through a democratic means. The peo- ple of Crystophia should express what they feel because some people in their civilization could have good reasons why the government should make laws. If the Crystophians had a government like Sparta did, they could be missing out on all the great ideas to help maintain stabil- ity and save their civilization. Someone might have one idea that might poten- tially save Crystophias civilization from perishing if they disagree or agree on a law. In Athens, Frey states, The Assem- bly debated and voted on laws proposed by the council (261). This proves that in Athens they had a democracy al- 7 Portner, Sutter Monday, June 2, 2014 2:57:49 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:dd:79 though only the Assembly could debate on the laws. Even though the assembly was only able to debate on the laws, the Crystophians should have a democracy in which their citizens have equal say in the laws as the assembly does. This is great for Crystophia because they can hear what the people have to say, and the people will be happy they get to ex- press their belief. Over all Crystophia should have a democracy, because they wont be missing out on all the great ideas to help maintain stability and save their civilization. Code Of Laws The major threat of the Crystophians civi- lizations success is equality of the peo- ple. Based on Athens and Sparta they did not have women in any form of gov- ernment. Women should have equal rights because some women have great ideas and if the Crystophians do not have that they might not have the best civilization, because women can past 8 Hammurabi Code of Laws http://awesomestories.com/imag Portner, Sutter Monday, June 2, 2014 2:57:49 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:dd:79 great ideas through government. The Crystophians should not have Plebeians or Patricians because later on it could start rebellion. If Crystophia has Plebe- ians then sooner or later they can find out that some rich people are lying around drinking wine and they will rebel and start riots that will be chaos. The Crystophians civilization have medical service to a child poorly deformed, be- cause mother should not have to suffer that much, and the child should not die. Even though the child is deformed it can have many talents that the Crystophians might need. It is written that all people shall follow these laws, I. If a woman is hit or treated differently by a man, the man will pay the woman 1,000 twinks, and write a paragraph on how women are equal and have the same rights as men and if the woman does not approve, she can make the man do as many paragraphs as she want him to do until she approves. II. If a parent abuses their child, they will lose their child and pay a fine of 650 twinks. III. If a person does not pay twinks for their house they shall be paid 500 twinks to get a job, and if they do not pay in 3 months they will be kicked out of their house. 9 Portner, Sutter Monday, June 2, 2014 2:57:49 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:dd:79 IV. If a dreadfully deformed child is born, it should be treated as soon as possible and if nobody does anything and the child dies, they shall wear only black for a day to show they caused a death of an infant, and they will need one more year of training before they touch an- other child. V. If a shop owner fools another man, child, or women, they will not have the advantage of owning the shop any longer and they will have to work in the fields for a month. VI. Anyone should not be buried in the city (alive or dead). They will have to pay 300 twinks if anyone in the area gets sick. VII. If anyone kills another person they shall pay the fine of 2,500 twinks and serve 3-4 years in jail. VIII. A person should only be able to have 3 buckets of water for each day or they will have to pay 50 twinks and then be cut back to 2 buckets of water. IX. If someone steals something on an- other persons property and gets caught they shall pay the fine of 100 twinks and return the stolen item. Plus the per- son robbed gets to take three items from the robbers household. These laws will help create a successful civilization, because they help under the categories of health, theft, safety, rela- 10 Portner, Sutter Monday, June 2, 2014 2:57:49 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:dd:79 tionships, ownership, property, fairness, and that leads up to a happy civilization. If Crystophia has a happy civilization than there will be no rebellion, chaos, and most importantly Crystophia will grow as a civilization to be the best civili- zation. If there is none of that than Crystophia will in fact be one of the greatest civilization, because if the peo- ple are happy they will do anything under the rulers command, so if Crystophia goes to war since the people are happy you could get more warriors. These laws create order, and a civilization needs order to maintain stability. With- out laws civilizations would be chaos and these laws help with the opposite of chaos. In the past Hammurabis code helped maintain the civilization, and they helped cover many situations. The Crystophians should have laws, because of the proof that Hammurabi Code was successful. Political Leader- ship An important les- son to be taken away by Julius Caesar is to re- duce taxes so the rich do not take advantage of the poor. Julius Caesar was a great man that lived from 100 B.C.- 44 B.C in Rome. Julius Caesar made many laws that helped slave revolts, unemployed farmers and others becoming slaves, threats of unemployed mobs rebelling, and reducing taxes. Even though Julius 11 Julius Caesar's coin http://www.brynmawr.edu/c Portner, Sutter Monday, June 2, 2014 2:57:49 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:dd:79 Caesar lived in a republic he was a threat to a lot of people even though he passed some good laws through Rome. Senators thought that he was going to bring back monarchy, which is where there is a king and all the power is passed on to heirs unlike a republic where you can be elected. Julius Caesar had his named stamped on coins, wore royal purple, and had his statue put into the temple where only god statues were put in there before his statue. This made many senators believe that Caesar was bring- ing monarchy back and they thought he was a threat. On March 15 44 B.C Ju- lius Caesar was murdered by senators and was stabbed to death 23 times re- corded in history. One of Julius Caesar achievements was reducing taxes which helped Romes conquered territories re- sent having to pay taxes to Rome and fight in the Roman army. This helps because if Crystophia conquers a territory then the civilization will not be happy so if Crystophias government reduces tax then the people may not be as angry and enraged than before, and if they are not angry there is a greater chance they will not rebel. In the source Julius Cae- sars Rule as Dictator it states, He re- duced taxes and made tax collections more fair. This is the kind of leader Crystophia has because it would make the people happier if there would be less taxes, because they can spend more on 12 Julius Caesar http://media.npr.org/programs/morning/features/2007/dec/bloggi ng/caesar200-18062911c348e746d848e78aef3d7725f28ef571-s6-c30.jpg Portner, Sutter Monday, June 2, 2014 2:57:49 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:dd:79 clothes, other taxes, and food. If Crysto- phia did not reduce taxes they civilization they conquered might still might be en- raged, and if Crystophia just had a war soldiers will probally be hurt and many might of died so they would not have good protection from the other civiliza- tion if they rebelled. Crystophia should re- duce taxes like Julius Caesar, because Crystophia would have a greater chance of no rebellions. Analysis: 13 The Pompeii-Anteatro .http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/co mmons/e/eb/Brogi,_Giacomo_(1822-1881)_- _n._5076_-_Pompei_-_Anteatro.jpg Portner, Sutter Monday, June 2, 2014 2:57:49 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:dd:79 An important political lesson that should be learned from Rome is to make the people in Crystophia happy. Augustus Caesar was great man who helped Rome in many ways. He helped build the first libraries, arenas, and theaters that were open to the public which helped Rome keep people happy. Crystophia shall allow anybody to go any place, if the person pays taxes for their home. Crystophia should reduce peoples taxes by 30% if Crystophians go too war, be- cause a lot more people would go to war, and still be happy their taxes are be- ing getting reduced. If there are more people going to war to fight then Crysto- phia would have a greater chance of con- quering the other civilization. In this quote by Political Leadership of Caesar Augustus it states, This program in- cluded restoring 82 temples and building new statues, theaters, and a large out- door arena, or forum. In the Crysto- phias civilization they should make the people happy by allowing most areas available to anyone. In the Crystophias civilization they should have the arts so they can enjoy the civilization and be happy. Crystophia should have theaters build for anyone to enjoy. Crystophia should also have music and dancing in the thea- 14 Plebeians Revolting http://opusmei.les.wordpress.com/2012/0 Portner, Sutter Monday, June 2, 2014 2:57:49 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:dd:79 ter too for people to enjoy. If the people are happy they will not rebel so Crysto- phia should do anything to satisfy their civilization, and if the people are happy they are more willing to do things. Crystophia should also have Libraries open for anyone too have learn the past and to have the same knowl- edge as anyone else. To make the people happy Crystophia should also have an arena for people to play sports, get active, have fun, and be happy. If people are happy they will not rebel or start war so Crysto- phia should do anything to keep there civilization happy. If anything is de- stroyed then Crystophia shall restore it, because if the people love a monument and it gets destroyed they will be un- happy. Crystophia learned from the achieve- ments of Augustus Caesar to make your peo- ple happy, because if you do not they can start riots, rebels, and even war. Decline Of The Roman Empire 15 Portner, Sutter Monday, June 2, 2014 2:57:49 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:dd:79 The main reason for the decline of the Western Roman Empire was military spending.Rome started out as a healthy thriving Republic, but later in 476 C.E. Rome was spending so much on military that they had too go on des perate measures. Rome got so desper- ate they started asking mobs and con- quered territories to fight in the army. This not only made it more expensive, but it made their military unreliable. Rome had such an unreliable army, the soldiers could have turned on their lead- ers during a war and they could have conquered Rome. Romes excessive spending in the military had a huge nega- tive impact that lead to the decline of Ro- man Empire. According to "Decline of the Western Roman Empire", The Em- pire had to begin hiring soldiers recruited from the unemployed city mobs or worse from foreign countries. If Rome were to recruit people they conquered from previous wars, those new soldiers would probably turn against Rome and take them over. The idea of excessive military spending would have many impli- cations. If Rome were asking people from conquered territories to fight in their army they obviously would have a huge problem on their hands. Rome was so destitute that they had to turn to their conquered territories for their army. If Rome had conquered people in their army then they would most likely turn on them. Rome basically fought two wars, so if they recruited soldiers from conquered territories they would have 16 Portner, Sutter Monday, June 2, 2014 2:57:49 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:dd:79 been in great debt. Military spending was a humongous threat to the civiliza- tion of Rome because without it they could easily be conquered. Overall mili- tary spending was a major factor that impacted Rome, and how Rome would be successful or not. Military spending was a huge factor in the demise of the Western Roman Em- pire. If excessive spending on the military were to occur in the Crystophias civiliza- tion, the government would have to raise money to cover these costs by col- lecting more taxes from the citizens of Crystophia. Crystophia should keep the taxes fair by ordering a census that would keep track of taxes so the people will be equal. Crystophia should not rise taxes to people that are poor, because this would lead to riots and chaos within the civilization. Crystophians could even- tually start rebellions against the govern- ment if this were to happen so this is the best way to. This would mean that the Crystophians would be fighting two wars, one against their own people and another against their enemies. If so much turmoil and fighting were to hap- pen, Crystophias civilization would also have a decline in population which would result in having fewer people in the Crystophian army, and having fewer peo- ple in the army would mean a higher risk of losing wars. According to "Decline of the Western Roman Empire", Military spending left fewer resources for other vital activities, such as providing public housing and maintaining quality of roads and aqueducts. This is the overall idea 17 Portner, Sutter Monday, June 2, 2014 2:57:49 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:dd:79 of what will happen if military spending in- creases. There will be no public housing or good quality roads or aqueducts, which would be safety and health haz- ard. To help Crystophia, its government should lower taxes for people who fight in their wars so that soldiers are more willing to support protecting Crystophia. This would encourage people to join Crystophias military. Crystophians should also have all citizens gather up their own items and make their own weapons. By doing this, it will cut down on military spending. If the people do this Crystophia will award them with a neck- lace made out of wood in honor of their bravery so that everyone who sees that necklace recognizes that person. If Crystophians hear that they get a neck- lace of honor if they fight in the army, that person might be more willing to join the military also. Crystophia should learn from the past in order to create a suc- cessful civilization, and will learn from Romes mistakes of military spending. 18 Portner, Sutter Monday, June 2, 2014 2:57:49 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:dd:79 As a [person] believes, so will the person act. CHAPTER 2 19 Belief Systems Portner, Sutter Monday, June 2, 2014 2:57:49 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:dd:79 SECTION 1 Role of the Catholic Church and its Belief System in Medieval Europe ~Role of The Catholic Church In Medieval Europe~ The Roman Catholic Church in medieval Europe grew in both eco- nomic and political power after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in 476 C.E. At this time the king wanted people to obey him, so he stated that he had the will of god to rule. The king feared that people would not believe him so he asked the pope to tell the people he wasnt lying. Henry also stated that he did not like the Pope, and decided to re him from being pope. After Henry did this, Pope Gregory said he would excommunicate King Henry from the church. This was a big problem for King Henry be- cause citizens would no longer believe Henry so he begged for Impact of A Belief System 20 Portner, Sutter Monday, June 2, 2014 2:57:49 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:dd:79 three days to let him stay in the Church. Since Church ofcials were the only one in Rome that could read, the king went to the pope for him to write letters and read messages. Another benet is the Church ofcials could make laws. Making laws could be a huge deal, because now they can make rules for the civilization, and people have to obey the laws. The Church also got money from taxes known as the tithe. The Church gained more economi- cal power collecting taxes from people. As stated by Frey, The me- dieval Church added to its wealth by collecting Tithe, or tax. (33). Tithe was important to the church because, the Church needed money to pay taxes and other bills. When a citizen pays the tax they are obliged to give one tenth of their money to the Church. This means if a person has one hundred dollars, they would give 10 dollars to the church.Tithe increased economical power, because the church collected taxes. Not only did tithe create more economi- cal power, but people could also start seeing the church differently, with more power. As the church grew stronger and stronger, the economical and political power got even bigger in as it strived to be the most powerful in Rome. The Roman Catholic Church inuenced peoples good thoughts and deeds in Medieval Europe because of salvation.Rome s catho- lic church grew stronger as more and more people strived for salva- tion. Salvation is when a person dies and goes to heaven, but if that person did not have salvation, they go to hell. To achieve salva- tion a person will have to follow Christian duties, like to believe in God, pray, and more. Salvation has an inuence on a persons ac- tion, because a person can do horrible things but not want to go to hell, so the person will be more likely to create less chaos and fol- low Christian rules. Salvation was a huge deal back then because chaos was in Rome when the Crusades hit, and there was no hope. Luckily the Roman Catholic Church formed and there was hope in the Rome. Since chaos was still present, salvation was a key factor for a persons life, because in his or her afterlife peace was some- thing everyone wanted. Frey states, The church taught that salva- tionwould come to those who followed the churchs teachings (31). Salvation was huge factor in a citizens life. Salvation was such a big deal at the time, when Pope Urban II made his speech it made history. At the time, Rome was scared the Seljuks would not permit Christians to visit Jerusalem. Pope Urban gave a speech, and stated if the citizens of Rome fought with the Crusades, he would grant eternal salvation, and forgive all sins. Salvation was 21 Meditating Pope Church Cross Interactive 2.1 Lorem Ipsum dolor amet, consectetur Portner, Sutter Monday, June 2, 2014 2:57:49 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:dd:79 such a big deal many Christians joined the cru- sades in battle just for salvation. Women that had less power than men even joined as well as peas- ants. Even chil- dren crusades joined the battle, and started a Children Cru- sade. Salvation was so big at the time; almost no one would pass up the chance to get to go to heaven for free. Salvation was so powerful in life; a person would change there whole personally in order to get to heaven. Salvation could change a persons actions or deeds as fast as because the temptation to have salvation at the time was so powerful. Opening Paragraph The civilization of a will have a belief system, because without one Crystophia will not be guided and have rules to follow other than laws. Crystophians will make the right choice with the right religion. Without a religion or belief system people will be lost and question and ght over who is right and wrong. Crystophia will have to learn from past belief systems like Hinduism, Bud- dhism, and Confucianism. If Crystophia has a belief system it will guide people to act well, do good deeds, and have good actions. Crystophia will be able to teach people the right ways in life and to help others so Crystophia can become a strong civilization. A belief System is a major part in a civilization, because without one Crystophia will have chaos and people would not know who to follow, how to act, and most importantly who they are. To better understand the role of a belief system within a civiliza- tion and how they can inuence the actions and decisions of a per- son, consider the following moral dilemma: Joe is a fourteen-year-old boy who wanted to go to camp very much. His father promised him he could go if he saved up the money for it himself. So Joe worked hard at his paper route and saved up the $40 dollars it cost to go to camp, and a little more be- sides. But just before camp was going to start, his father changed his mind. Some of his fathers friends decided to go on a special shing trip, and Joe's father was short of the money it would cost. So he told Joe to give him the money he had saved from the paper route. Joe didn't want to give up going to camp, so he thinks of re- fusing to give his father the money. 22 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/ StatueUrbanII.jpg Pope Urban II statue located in Clermont. Portner, Sutter Monday, June 2, 2014 2:57:49 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:dd:79 If Joe the fourteen-year-old boy were a Confucian, Joe would respect his father. Since Joe is a Confucian it is his duty to respect his elder like stated in Frey According to the Confucianism, there are ve basic relationships: ruler and subject, husband and wife, fa- ther and son, older sibling and younger sibling, and friend and friend(208) Joe would choose to give his money that he raised to his father, because even if Joe does not want to give his father the money, it is his duty to obey his father, as a true Confucian would do. Joe's duty include respecting your elders so if Joe does not give the money, above all Joe is would not be a true Confucian. If Joe does not follow his own duties his father would have the right to punish him so Joe would likely hand over the money to his elder (father). Joe has rules, and those rules are what guide him to be his best self. Joe follows, trust, and he lives by those Confucian words. Joe is following his Confucian ways and he knows he has bounda- ries. A civilization needs boundaries in order to maintain stability. If people are following their belief system they are under control, and there will be no chaos. People will have to obey certain rules, and they will know and believe that they can do certain things and they cannot do certain things.Joe gave his father the money, be- cause he knew that he needed to follow his Confucian ways and respect his elders instead of creating a bigger problem than it al- ready was. If Joe were a Buddhist Joe would give the money to his father be- cause said in The Eightfold Path people should not live a life full of selshness, but love. Hindus believe that nothing last forever, and in Joes dilemma money never last forever. In The Four Noble Truths, Frey states, Suffering is present in all things, and nothing lasts forever(159). Joe would give up the money, because he would know from The Four Noble Truths, nothing lasts forever, and Joe would know that the money does not last forever, because money comes and goes. Joe would also give the money to his fa- ther, because Joe would know that A true Buddhist has to give up all their possessions and special items, in this case money Joe worked hard for. He knows this because A Buddhist thinks Posses- sion and special items to a have a good life you need to take away your needs. This belief system has people that follow Hinduism be- lieve that you have to live by your dharma, because you will rein- carnate into a higher class. This makes people do even better deeds, and this will help create a better civilization Hindus believe in helping others. A Confucians and a Buddhist think alike and would make the same decision because they both would honor the idea of giving the money to his father. A belief system is a key factor in a civilization because without one their will be chaos. A belief system is a huge part of a civilization 23 http://personal.psu.edu/mkb199/Confucianism.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Dharmacakra_(Buddh ist_Wheel),_Sun_temple,_Orissa.jpg On left is the Confucian religious symbol, and on the right is the Hindu Dharma Wheel. Portner, Sutter Monday, June 2, 2014 2:57:49 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:dd:79 because people will be lost, they will argue, question whether who is right and wrong, and affect their thinking and how they will re- act to a solution that may rely on that problem. This will inuence people and how they act to problems they face. A belief system can change how they act, how they think, and how people face prob- lems to nd solutions. With a belief system people will act differ- ently because they will have consequences or rewards. This will help civilizations because the people will be guided and they will know how to act and how to come up with solutions to problems. Without a belief system people will not have a path or direction to follow. If a civilization has a belief system the people with be guided and have rules besides laws. All in all a belief system is a major part of a civilization because without it, it would affected how people act, think, and nd solutions to problems. Belief System Of Crystophia In an effort to create a successful civilization the people of Crysto- phia have established their own belief system. It shares similar re- ligious belief and teachings with other world religions and helps the people of Crystophia act, think, and provide solutions to prob- lems. Here are some examples. The rst tenet Crystophians believe in is called Plezu, which repre- sents kindness to one another. Plezu is shown during special occa- sions once a month. Giving a gift or present to someone one has been in conict with in the past is an act of Plezu. This act shows kindness to one another and helps build healthy relationships with people. Plezu helps people think about others and it also encour- ages them to respect and honor people and to make them feel good. Plezu teaches a person to always think about others instead of themselves. Plezu has a direct connection to the ve pillars of Is- lam. The third pillar (Zakat) is all about charity and helping an- others soul. Stated by Frey, Muslims must share about one for- tieth (2.5 percent) of their income and possessions with their poorer neighbors (98). When the civilization of Crystophia prac- tices Plezu, this helps create a successful civilization by making people think of people, and be kind. Plezu helps a civilization be- cause of how it places value on people and Plezu not only helps to promote kindness with one another, but it also promotes deeper thinking into treating people right for the good of the civilization. By carrying out Plezu and being kind to one another people learn to appreciate others. In order for a civilization to be successful, the people of Crystophia can practice the belief of Plezu regularly and in everyday life inuence. 24 People at church meditating. The Crystophians have their chairs high, because it shows they are bigger than their problems. Portner, Sutter Monday, June 2, 2014 2:57:49 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:dd:79 The second tenet Crystophia believes in is called Keehyla, which represents control. Control over a society and indi- vidual self-control. Keehyla helps a civilization by enforcing non- violence with the exception of war. Keehyla helps people get through tough times without the need to feel like they have to re- sort to violence. A civilization, which enforces Keehyla, creates a calm society, which feels it has a stable environment. Keehyla is an important factor because a civilization needs not only control over a civilization, but self-control. If people have control over them- selves they will be more mature and reliable. In order for a society to truly master Keehyla, is carried out by meditation. People will meditate once a day inside the church in order to clear their minds, focus on non-violence and try having a pure mind by thinking of good not bad. They will also meditate on the chairs inside the church which represents them above all their problems. Meditation will help people clear their minds and let go of their problems and gain clarity. Frey states, They believed they could reach enlight- ment through meditation. While meditating, the ascetics sat qui- etly and focused on their minds and spiritual questions (157). Crystophians will have time each afternoon to meditate and clear their minds and think of how they will react to tempting situations and learn to resist. After meditation Crystophians will carry out their normal schedules. Meditation starts when a person has done at least 17 things that show resistance or Keehyla. In Crystophia, parents or guardians will approve when children are free to medi- tate. Once approved, they will be allowed to meditate and focus on resistance even more. It is an honor to meditate, because that means you have taken the time to complete your duties like being patience, resisting, and being more civilized. This task can be n- ished in a day, month, or even year, but when you nish you are free to meditate. Keehyla will help a civilization, because with Kee- hyla it will be easier for people to control themselves over things like pier pressure.Keehyla is important for a successful civiliza- tion because Keehyla will not only help people, but it will help Crystophia as they learn self-control. The third tenet Crystophians believe in is called Yabi, which stands for peacefulness. Yabi will help people have peace with rival. Yabi helps to create a successful civilization because is helps create ca- maraderie among the civilization. Yabi builds trustworthiness in the civilization, which is important for armies, because in past civi- lizations like Rome, the armies were unreliable. Yabi will help bring happiness in Crystophia, and lessen conict. With Yabi, peo- ple will be free to talk to whomever they would like to speak with 25 Holy month of Ramadan when Hindus fast. http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/dynamic/01174/_IFTAR__1174133g .jpg Portner, Sutter Monday, June 2, 2014 2:57:49 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:dd:79 and will not have to worry about rivals and enemies. Stated by Frey, Hindus believe that all life forms have a soul, so Hindus re- spect all forms of life and doing no harm to them (148). Crysto- phias civilization will have peace with others and will not harm others or animals like Hindus. To carry out this value of peace Crystophians will have a holiday in September in which they do chores for an enemy or rival. In this holiday they will do chores that include harvesting their crops, cleaning their clothes, washing dishes, and daily chores around the house. This holiday will help repair relationships with people and create a successful civilization by having peace with others. 26 Hindus are vegetarians and do not harm animals, especially cows that are sacred. http://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/sacred-cow-8753785.jpg Gallery 2.1 Portner, Sutter Monday, June 2, 2014 2:57:49 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:dd:79 Review 2.1 Check Answer Question 1 of 3 Did The Roman Church Collect Tax A. Yes B. No C. Sometimes D. Only when they needed it Portner, Sutter Monday, June 2, 2014 2:57:49 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:dd:79 A person may die, nations may rise and fall, but an idea lives on. John K Kennedy CHAPTER 3 28 Ideas Portner, Sutter Monday, June 2, 2014 2:57:49 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:dd:79 SECTION 1 A humanist mindset promoted new ideas in literature that can make a suc- cessful civilization. Humanists believe that any person can achieve greatness in their life if they set their mind to it. Hu- manist thinking started in the 1500s. When Rome was in the medieval age, most books were written in a different language like Latin. Since most people did not know how to read, transferring Power of Ideas 29 Portner, Sutter Monday, June 2, 2014 2:57:49 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:dd:79 the language to a different language did not help people. Due to the lack of books that were not legible, people couldnt have the knowledge they could have had. People would also be limiting their ideas because they could not ac- cess new information and use it to cre- ate new ideas. In the Renaissance age Humanist changed literature and turned it into something new. People started writing about self-experience, and they started creating poems. Since the authors started writing in their own na- tive language, it spawned new ideas be- cause other citizens could read it. Frey States, Writing about secular, or non- religious, topics became more com- mon(328). Since secular topics be- came more common and it was written in the native language, more people would be influ- enced by hu- manist mind- set, rather than religious mindset. Not all people read humanist litera- ture. Even though some people choose to think like a humanist and some choose a more relig- ious mindset many tried to balance the two. Humanist literature is very powerful because people can create ideas with the intelligent of anothers and turn it into 30 This is a image of a renaissance painting drawn in a book. http://www.luc.edu/media/lucedu/english/im ages/medieval-231x300.jpg Portner, Sutter Monday, June 2, 2014 2:57:49 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:dd:79 a new idea that could help a civilization persevere. The social structure was one of the main impacts from humanism and its im- pact on Rome with markets and other public places. During medieval times the social structure was strict, and many people were servants and peasants. They usually could not communicate with higher-class people so that pre- vented people to share ideas with one another. During the Renaissance age people from different places and differ- ent classes gathered to get food at pub- lic markets. Places like these allowed people from all classes to mingle and share ideas without thinking about classes. Not only did people come from different classes, but they also came from different cultures. This was a great 31 This image is drawn by Leonardo da Vinci and symbolizes hu- manism. http://thumbs.dreamstime.com/x/maple-green-leaf-water-drops- 20021067.jpg https://sunandshield.les.wordpress.com/2011/04/vitruvian-ma n-leonardo-da-vinci.jpg Portner, Sutter Monday, June 2, 2014 2:57:49 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:dd:79 opportunity for people to share different ideas that might help people save money, help with their health, or different daily things. As stated by Frey, If some- one was born a peasant, he or she would always have less status from a noble(321). Since Humanism was so popular and they believed anyone could achieve greatness, the social structure was declining. When all of these classes, races, and culture combine, there are many possibilities for new ideas. Say if a peasant is talking to a higher-class citi- zen, the peasant can talk about handy tips and then the other citizen can build on that idea. Another example is if a per- son from a different place comes to the market, they can talk about a good way to manage crops or make money. With all these ideas from different people this is what is going to build up a civilization, make it strong, and stay strong. Human- ist changed the way people think and not only helped the social structure but they help create ideas. During the renaissance age, people ques- tioned the Roman Catholic Churches tra- ditions and teaching as well as the be- liefs. Many people believed in the Roman Catholic Churchs teachings until Human- ism began to rise. Many people were Hu- manist like Jan Hus, John Calvin, and Leonardo De Vinci, but Martin Luther stayed and protected his idea even when threatened by his life. Luther al- ways questioned things including the church. Like any humanist he asked questions that pressured the church. The church also sold indulgences to people. 32 Portner, Sutter Monday, June 2, 2014 2:57:49 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:dd:79 Idulgences are granted to people who pay money to the church officials and in return all sins are forgiven. Many people were interested because having salva- tion and going to heaven were big things even in the renaissance. After some time bishops and popes started selling in- dulgences, which made people in Rome suspicious and even disturbed. Not only did the Church give indulgences they also gave out Simony. As stated by Frey, The church also sold offices, or leader- ship positions (348). This meant citizens/church officials were allowed to buy/sell with their own money. This was quite popular though some thought it was wrong to do this. Martin Luther also believed that there were only two sacra- ments, which were baptism and the Eucharist instead of the seven sacra- ments, the church and its followers be- lieved in. Martin Luther also asked ques- 33 This picture shows church ofcials and the pope selling positions in the church. http://www.internetmonk.com/wp-content/uploads/indulgences2.j peg Portner, Sutter Monday, June 2, 2014 2:57:49 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:dd:79 tions like what should he do to be saved which put stress on the church. Even though Luther meant no harm the Church thought Luther was fundamen- tally attacking the Roman Church. First the church excommunicated Luther from the church that meant he was no longer apart of it and could not get salvation. Then they banned Luther from selling his own writing. To finally make Luther stop they threatened his life. Martin Luther went into hiding, but when someone starts an idea, it is nearly impossible to get rid of it so his idea spread on to form Lutherism. In the civilization of Crystophia, a human- ist mindset would challenge Crystophias religion in many ways. In Crystophia a humanist from Glandia visited the Crysto- phians and made many critics. Some were helpful but some were bad. The Glandian told the Crystophians to make their cross on the Christian houses smaller even though the cross repre- sents Jesus and making it smaller would be a sign of disrespect. The Glandian also requested glass panels for my gov- ernment building, but Roman Architec- ture originally inspired it. From these sim- 34 This picture shows Crystophia's church that was doubted by the mind- set of a Glandian. Portner, Sutter Monday, June 2, 2014 2:57:49 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:dd:79 ple suggestions Crystophians can agree to the advice and have a whole new mindset that might threaten Crystophia later on. Even though some suggestions are not appropriate for Crystophia, they created a system in Crystophia that helps control ideas, but still has opportuni- ties for new ideas. In Crystophia they created a mail system where any per- son will write a letter to the government building and state their idea or concept. To make the Crystophian feel apart of the civilization, if their idea does not ap- ply for what Crystophia is looking for the government will send out kind letters say- ing that the idea was not what they were looking for. Of course all the mail being sent will be hectic to each Crysto- phian is assigned a month where in that month they can only send one idea. This strategy will help ideas grow and flourish while others will be kept under control. This system will help Crystophia because Crystophia will be able to verify these ideas that might help in multiple ways like increasing population, war technics, and more. Overall the mail system in Crysto- phia will make for a successful civilization by opening up to new ideas yet still con- trolling them. Galileo was a humanist that could have a great impact on Crystophia by his fasci- nation for astronomy. Galileo took onto the idea of the Copernican theory discov- ered by Nicolaus Copernicus. Back when Galileo first build on the theory many doubted him and his silly prediction. The church was not quite amused but nerv- 35 Portner, Sutter Monday, June 2, 2014 2:57:49 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:dd:79 ous that he might change peoples ideas and then people could question the church. Galileo believed that the earth was not the center of the world, but the sun is the center. The church did not agree because they believed god made earth in the very middle of the universe, so there was turmoil between the church and Galileo. After Galileo was banned to sell any of his books about the Copernicus theory and he had to swear the geocentric theory was right. Frey states, Galileo decided to build his own telescope (392). The Crystophi- ans would learn from Galileo to build and create new things, which can help Crystophia become an even more pow- erful civilization. Crystophia would benefit from Galileo by promoting new ideas and making them into books if govern- 36 Galileos portrait. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Justus_Su stermans_-_Portrait_of_Galileo_Galilei,_1636.jpg Portner, Sutter Monday, June 2, 2014 2:57:49 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:dd:79 ment approves. Galileo still spread his ideas even when he was being doubted and he made a huge discovery. If Galileo was in Crystophia then he and start build- ing on even more to make greater dis- coveries could influence people. If Galileo were in Crystophia he would make a suc- cessful civilization because he promoted his ideas into books to share and if more ideas are shared the Crystophia can use them to come up with techniques. 37 Portner, Sutter Monday, June 2, 2014 2:57:49 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:dd:79