, / "

Experi ment
f
: Fl ow through
a Convergent-Di .i ,ergent
Duct
Objective
of Experiment
1o oeEronstate
the applicatiol
oiihe Beinoulli
equation
as applied to the floq, rn a convergent-
dirergent
riuct.
The Berrt oulli equaijon
is gjven
by the follo,,\,ing
relationship
,
P' Y, ,
Pr c 2e
p,g
29
\ "he' e
o ard p. -re i L e c--t s. J
of ! . d, er
g
s rne grav[ a. i onaJacce] eror. on
vr is ilte velocityat
doss section 1
v, is
'!he
velocitl,
at cross seclion 2
zr and z, are the elevatton
H
js
the toial pres$ne
iead
L}TV']ERSIT.I
IL,}-KU
ABDI]
L R,{E\LA\-
e: i i ng
& Sci ence
Unit Code
:
j
Bachel or
of Enprneerrng
1 : : " , ' - , " 1
ur F- sr neer r E,
j . ; i
] : , :
:
Q{ons) Biomedcal
Flad ti?da/i.' :.-
Year l/ SemesrE-l
W-aler may be considered ro be inconlpresslble, p,
=p, =p
For a holjzonial corvergenr
-
dlvergenr duc! 21
:
z^
=
z
The velociry of
_rhe
flo-'tu vr and v2 can be calculared Aom the cross sectional area
& the volumeflow rate
Q
The vol umefl ow rate
Q
=vrAr
-
4 -
AssumingnoAictional lossesin theldealcase, Hrelnains constant.
2 2
P' l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
- I r , ,
=P, , f =- , =u
Pr g
o: 9 - g
- ' '
The ldealPressure Head is obiained ftom
p ,
. . v ,
Pt E
zg
(= Idealheight of manomeier column)
However because of friciional losses, the aciual H drops alongthe verturi duct.
Therefore the Actual pressure head is less than the IdealPressure Head.
#-
'1
. ldeai' ease
VelocB. head v%g
Pressole head p/pg
Eievalion z
2. Aetual Case
Veloclty head v:/2g
Presslre head p/pg
Friclional lcsses
H o
I -
1;
I
I
Elevation z
P roced r. : re
1. Make sure ibat the rvaiei outlet tLrbe is direcred to the sr.Lmp of rhe apparafus.
2. Switch on
'rie
water pump.
3. Keeping the majn input water flcw vaive fully open, adjust the bypass \rater
valve to control iie volume flow lare.
4. Adj'Jsr the waler flow iaie io the malimuin possjble floiv iaie by closing e
bypass valve. A11o\r the flo\r to siabilize anC to rernove all air bubbles rn the
s.vslem'
5
:j_tl1i1el]ne
eroviCea'
ro ihe tgil erd oiite i,.laniiotd
on top oilhe
maJ oi ac r : r '
6. Thepum!
is us3d io coritlol tbe base line level ofthe rnanomet3r
readings
by
ncreasing
or d_ecreaslng
rhe pressure
in rle ararii"ld
it ;;;li;;;#;;.
Ia1t exac y ar the zero lhe because
pressure
diflbrence.
the velociry calculations
use onlli the
7. The pressure
in the n-ranifold can be tncreased
by pumping
action ofthe air
pumP.
8. The pressu.e
in tbe maDifold can be decreased
by pressir.tg
on to the needle
valve on the fighr hand sjde oiihe manifold
t"
jJ*"
tli"J'i" ,n;;;;,i;,
t
I*",_1:""1y"
Oow rate reading and allthe
manometer
readirgs.
Enter the
readrngs tnto the spreadsheet
in the compirter pro"ia"a
for th" p,r:rpos..
i
0
I
dj ' rsr -ne bypa. s r. Jr
-
16 6. r. , a, rhe
. l o^
ra e
. o
ooLa, n d, I "r. nr sers of
manomeier
readjrigs4or
flow rates of 6.5, 6.0,
j.0,
4.0 ""d 3.t;;l;;";i".
Leborarory
Reporl
l. You may use thjs laboratory
instmction
sheei aJ the front page
of your
repon.
2. Print out the spreadsheet containij
results ofthe expe meni.
ng your own experimental
data and use it as'de
L Pr owi de a
, : npl e
ol a' . . oj cL, ar j on- .
4. Sample calculaiions
and discussion
must be in..the studenr,s
oqin
5. Your report must eensists
of Intuoduciion,
Resul! Djscussion
and
6. m your
d, . cussi on.
: nc' r
oe:
Compare.the
Actual measu-red pressure,iead
with the ldeal pressure.
::"j_":1"]1I9
usins the Bemoulii
equatior.
Discuss any
c 5dgreeme,
'
berweer 1i. * o
."ro,,.
Ifthe Convergenr-Divergent
duct is inclined
upwards, what \r,i1l be the
changes .of-
fie distibulion
of the correspondr,ng
totaj head H, the
dlnanic (v2l2g)
and prFssure
G/pg)
heads.
r )
h an dwritin
s.
Concl !si on