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A MEDIUM
A Report
submitted for partial fulfillment of requirement for
the degree of Electrical Engineering
in Mumbai University
By
VARUN SARMA
!uided By"
Mrs# Shruti Nema
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
LOKMANYA TILAK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,
KOPARKHAIRANE,
NAVI MUMBAI
MUMBAI UNIVERSITY
YEAR 2013-2014
SPARSH-Passing Data Through Human Body as a Medium
CERTIFICATE
SPARSH PASSING DATA THROUGH HUMAN BODY AS A MEDIUM
By
VARUN SARMA
A partial fulfillment of BA$E%&R &' E%E$(R)$A% EN!)NEER)N!
*E!REE course of MUMBA) UN)VERS)(+ for the academic year ,-./0,-.1
)nternal !uide E2aminer
3Mrs Shruti Nema4
ead of *epartment 5rincipal
3Mr $#M# 6an7hade4 3*r Vive7 +a7undi4
3%($&E4
$ollege Seal
2
SPARSH-Passing Data Through Human Body as a Medium
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
6e the abovementioned from BE 3Electrical Engineering4 ta7e great pleasure in presenting our pro8ect
report titled 9S5ARS05ASS)N! *A(A (R&U! UMAN B&*+ AS A ME*)UM:# 6e ;ould li7e
to ta7e this opportunity to than7 Mr $#M# 6an7hade< ead of the *epartment of Electrical Engineering<
%o7manya (ila7 $ollege of Engineering ;ho permitted us to underta7e this pro8ect#
6e ;ould li7e to convey our deepest appreciation for our )nternal !uide< Mrs Shruti Nema< ;hose
continuous support and motivation has allo;ed us to e2press ourselves and helped us to complete this
pro8ect ;ithin the stipulated time#
6e ;ould also li7e to than7 all the people ;ho have directly or indirectly influenced the completion of this
pro8ect#
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SPARSH-Passing Data Through Human Body as a Medium
ABSTRACT
(his pro8ect is aimed at introducing a ne; developing technology to more ;idespread use in commercial
sector# (his report contains a detailed analysis of the technology called Red(acton< ;hich uses uman
Body as a medium of data transmission#
(he report also contains e2perimental data obtained by use of a ;or7ing model< along ;ith the details of
it=s construction and ;or7ing#
'uture scope and avenues for development of the technology are also included inside this report#
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SPARSH-Passing Data Through Human Body as a Medium
INDE
Sr No (opic 5age No
.# )ntroduction >
,# %iterature Survey .,
/# Methodology ./
1# )mplementation ,>
?# E2perimental Result /.
># Application /1
@# $onclusion /A
A# References 1-
B# Anne2ure 1,
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SPARSH-Passing Data Through Human Body as a Medium
FIGURE INDE
Sr No 'igure 5age no
. uman Body (ransmission B
, (ransmission Schematic .-
/ Receiver Schematic ..
1 Model at ;or7 .,
? 6or7ing cycle of model .>
> Bloc7 *iagram of the process .A
@ )nteractive model .B
A Microcontroller ,-
B Bluetooth ,.
.- Bluetooth Modem ,,
.. uman Body )nterface ,/
., $omparator ,1
./ Ceil Soft;are $ode ,B
.1 Attenuation $haracteristics //
.? &utput *elay /1
.> Medical Application . />
.@ Medical Application , />
.A $onsumer Application /@
.B Military Application /A
,- Security Application /B
,. A-?. series Microcontroller 11
,, RN01, series modem 1@
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SPARSH-Passing Data Through Human Body as a Medium
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
As tremendous development is going on in the field of 6ireless technology< many of us ;ould have
imagined the future of human being travelling every;here ;ith an antenna# (o have the data at our
fingertips instantly ;e don=t need to be dependent on such on antennas ;hen our body can be used directly
as a medium of transmission itself# (here are Bluetooth< )nfrared< Digbee technologies used for near field
data transmission but all have their o;n dra;bac7s such as a need of line of sight communication< po;er
consumption< data insecurity< lo; throughput# (o overcome this dra;bac7s ;orld is moving to ne; )ntra0
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SPARSH-Passing Data Through Human Body as a Medium
Body communication# According to the Nippon (elegraph and (elephone %aboratories< Eapan our body is
perfect conductor for electronic data# Red(acton is an application of such )ntra0body communication
devices #Red(acton is named as Red0data transmission ta7e place through human body and (ouch on
Action0triggers the action ;hen human body touch the device# )t uses human body safely as a medium of
data transmission#
)n today=s ;orld< people can communicate anytime< any;here and ;ith anyone over a
cell phone# Also< through internet people can do;nload large quantities of quality data from remote
locations# (hese technologies facilitate far0a;ay communication for the users# Most electronic devices
including personal digital assistants 35*A=s4< poc7et video games and digital cameras have reduction in
siFe< so that they can be carried around and used at the instance of requirement# (hese are used to carry
various personal or public information and communications in everyday activities# o;ever< user friendly
ubiquitous services involve more than 8ust net;or7ing bet;een remotely located terminals# $ommunication
bet;een electronic devices on the human body 3;earable computers4 and ones embedded in our everyday
environments such as illustrated in fig#. is also critical< so this has driven e2tensive research and
development on human area net;or7s# 6ired connections bet;een electronic devices in human area
net;or7s are cumbersome and can easily become entangled# Short range ;ireless communication systems
such as Bluetooth and ;ireless local area net;or7s 3)EEE A-,#..b< etc#4 have some problems#
(hroughput is reduced by pac7et collisions in cro;ded space such as meeting rooms and auditoriums filled
;ith people and communication is not secure because signals can be intercepted# (he principle dra;bac7 of
infrared communication 3)r*A4 is the tight directionality of beams bet;een terminals is needed for the
system to be effective# (he ultimate human area net;or7 solution to all these constraints of conventional
technologies is 9intra body: communication< in ;hich the human body serves as the transmission medium#
)n ubiquitous services 3;hich imply communication bet;een electronic devices embedded in the
environment in close pro2imity to people4< if ;e could use the human body itself as a transmission medium<
then this ;ould be an ideal ;ay of implementing human area net;or7s because it ;ould solve at a stro7e all
the problems including throughput reduction< lo; security and high net;or7 setup costs# (he concept of
intra body communication< ;hich uses the minute electric field propagated by the human body to transmit
information< ;as first proposed by )BM #(he communication mechanism has subsequently been evaluated
and reported by several research groups around the ;orld# o;ever< all those reported technologies had
t;o limitations"
.4 (he operating range through the body ;as limited to a fe; ten of centimeters