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CORNELL
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LIBRARY
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(price One {s&jWftitg ani licence
The original of this book is in
the Cornell University Library.
There are no known copyright restrictions in
the United States on the use of the text.
http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924029496134
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AV
1^1
HORACE HART, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY
Jnfrobucforj) noU
HIS is one of the first two issues of what,
I hope, will some day be known as
'
the
Bodleian facsimile series.' That series is
meant to consist of faithful photographic
reproductions of some of the very rarest
and most interesting volumes, documents, and prints in
the Bodleian library, Oxford. And these reproductions
are meant to be issued at the lowest prices which will
allow a moderate profit, and in the largest numbers
which can easily be sold. Indeed, if they cannot be
sold at a profit, I should be content and happy to go on
issuing them so long as they did not involve absolute
loss.
They will, however, be mere reproductions, and not
annotated editions. I myself have no time whatever for
preparing such editions, and, even if they were prepared
by others, the cost of the editors' labour and of the
additional amount of printed matter would make it
impossible to issue them at the present low prices. It
is of far greater importance that they should go forth
unannotated into many hands than that they should go
forth annotated into few, nor is it altogether a disad-
vantage to have to think and investigate for oneself
instead of finding the thought and the investigation
already done for one by an editor. And lastly, if it be
thought that more elaborate editions would be of real
benefit, those editions will doubtless be supplied by
other writers when once the originals have become well
known.
There are, however, certain bibliographical facts with
which, in examining these works and inquiring into
their history, I make myself acquainted, and those facts
I purpose stating in introductory notes.
Of the present treatise no other copy is known. It
has no printer's name, date, or place, but is in Caxton's
no. 6 type, with four lines of heading at the beginning,
and some head-lines at the end, in the no. i type of
Wynken de Worde, Caxton's workman and successor.
Consequently it is either one of the last books printed
by Caxton or one of the first printed by Wynken de
Worde ; in either case it was probably issued in or
about
1491,
the year of Caxton's death, and from
Caxton's house within the precincts of Westminster
Abbey.
The late Mr. William Blades has already described
the treatise, as no.
97
in the 2nd ed. of his
'
Biography
and Typography of William Caxton': he also reprinted
it in 1869, but only to the number of
54
copies, and not
in facsimile.
Mr. Blades says that it 'appears to be a translation
from the Latin, and doubtless by Caxton himself

who was certainly the author of various of the trans-

lations which he printed.
'
No other copy, however/
says Mr. Blades, 'manuscript or printed, in Latin or
any other language, appears to be known,' and the
treatise does not answer to any of the three printed
Latin treatises known as 'Ars moriendi' which the
Bodleian possesses. There may nevertheless have
been many more works so entitled ; the heading of the
treatise suggests that it is a translation of a work
already known by a particular name
;
the name given is
Latin
; and occasional turns of expressionon the first
page, for examplesuggest a Latin original for parts at
least.
One or two points in the printing of the original call
for notice. The type is very ragged. Parts also of
some of the letters are worn away : especially have the
tails of the y's suffered. And many little specks occur,
sometimes in the middle of the loop of a letter. All
these features are very marked in the facsimile.
'
Woodcut initials to chapters,' says Mr. Blades ; and
on
p. 135
he writes,
'
The first use of woodcut initials
was in
1484,
after which year they were never (except
on rare occasions when a sort ran short) omitted.' By
reference to what goes before he will be found to mean
that on such rare occasions the former practice of having
an initial painted in by hand was revived : he does not
seem anywhere to acknowledge the use of metal initials
by Caxton.
Mr. Blades might have been able to give convincing
reasons why all the initials to chapters should be con-
sidered woodcut: but to me it is not by any means
plain that all of them are, and I call attention to the
point as one suitable for discussion.
The treatise consists of a single 'gathering' of 8
leaves, the first four of which are signed Qlj Qjltj (&iij
and Qliiij. The
'
chain-lines ' in the paper run across,
and the paper-maker's device goes through the middle
of the backs. And these are the signs of a book
printed in quarto, that is, on sheets twice folded and
so forming
4
leaves. Consequently the treatise must
have been struck off on two quarto sheets
'
gathered
'
one within another. And accordingly it has two distinct
paper-maker's devices, one passing through the back of
QUtj
and
t>t,
and the other in the back of QCtttj
(and
doubtless reaching over into (^ij as well, only that the
book has been re-bound too tightly for it to be visible).
I have not only made no attempt to imitate the paper
of the original, but have caused the facsimile to be
printed on paper of which every single leaf bears an
obviously modern devicein order that no rogue may
try to palm off on any inexperienced person a made up
facsimile copy as an original production of Caxton or
Wynken de Worde.
The Bodleian copy has been very badly and very
unevenly cut down. The lower half of the signature to
(,ij has been ploughed off. So has part of a manuscript
note on the left margin of the last page: this note
apparently read
The ySftene
degrees of
charyte
or something within a letter or two of these words ; but
all the italicized letters have been cut off.
I have printed the facsimile on the smallest-sized
paper which, Mr. E. Gordon Duff tells me, we can be
certain that Caxton used, that is, paper of which the
full sheet measures 18 inches by 12. Mr. Blades states
that Caxton sometimes used sheets of 16 inches by 11,
but Mr. Duff in addition to his own experience has
had the advantage of seeing the late Mr. Bradshaw's
notes on the subject, and Mr. Blades's measurement
may have been estimated from cut down specimens of
Caxton's press, such as the one here reproduced.
The Bodleian copy is part of the valuable collection
bequeathed to the library by the well-known antiquary,
Thomas Tanner, Bishop of St. Asaph, who died in
1735.
The merit of having discovered it to be a product of the
Caxton press belongs to that great master in the know-
ledge of 15th century types, the late Henry Bradshaw,
librarian of Cambridge University library.
1 Oct. 1891
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Manufactured
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AYUKDMoiine
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N.Y.
Stockton,
Calif.
Cornell University Library
Z241 .A8 1891
Ars moriendi : that is to save the craft
olin
3 1924 029 496 134
Date Due
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