Limba Engleza Anul II

SUPORT DE CURS
ANUL II

Cluj Napoca
2008

UNIVERSITATEA BABE-BOLYAI, CLU1-NAPOCA
Centrul de Formare Continu yi nv(mnt la Distan(
Facultatea de tiin(e Economice yi Gestiunea Afacerilor
Specializarea: Toate sectiile
Disciplina: curs practic de limba englez aplicat n
domeniul afacerilor

I. Informa(ii generale
Date de identificare a cursului
Date de contact ale titularului de curs:

Nume: DIANA ZAGAN ZELTER i
KOVCS RKA
Birou: Campus, !, e"a# I
Te$e%o&: '( )**
+a,:
E-mai$: .ia&a/0e$"er1$i&2ua/u334$u#/ro
re5a/5o6a4s1$i&2ua/u334$u#/ro
Co&su$"a7ii: $u&i, #oi, 8/!9-:

Date de identificare curs yi contact tutori:

Nume$e 4ursu$ui: Lim3a mo.er&; <& a%a4eri -
$im3a e&2$e0=
Co.u$ 4ursu$ui: EBL !99) i EBL '99)
A&u$, Semes"ru$: a&u$ II sem/ ,>
Tipu$ 4ursu$ui: o3$i2a"oriu
?a2i&a @e3 a 4ursu$ui: -
Tu"or:
A.resa e-mai$:

Condi(ionri yi cunoytin(e prealabile
A&s4rierea i %re46e&"area a4es"ui 4urs presupu&e par4ur2erea i promo6area pro2ramei .e s"u.iu .i&
a&u$ I .e $a +SEGA $a .is4ip$i&a $im3a e&2$e0= sau u& &i6e$ .e $im3a e&2$e0= 4e$ pu7i& B> 4o&%orm
?or"o%o$iu$ui $i&26is"i4 europea&/
Descrierea cursului
Cursu$ se a.resea0= s"u.e&7i$or .e a&u$ II .e $a +a4u$"a"ea .e B"ii&7e E4o&omi4e/
Organizarea temelor n cadrul cursului
Or2a&i0area "eme$or .i& 4a.ru$ 4ursu$ui pre4um i 3i3$io2ra%ia 4are "re3uie 4o&su$"a"= su&" pre0e&"a"e <&
.e"a$iu <& pa2i&i$e i&"ro.u4"i6e a$e sC$$a3us-u$ui/
Formatul yi tipul activit(ilor implicate de curs
S"u.e&"u$ are $i3er"a"ea .e a-i 2es"io&a si&2ur, %=r= 4o&s"rD&2eri, mo.a$i"a"ea i "impu$ .e par4ur2ere a
4ursu$ui/ A& 4a.ru$ 4ursu$ui 6or %i a3or.a"e urm="oare$e "ipuri .e a4"i6i"=7i: proie4"e .e 2rup, proie4"e
i&.i6i.ua$e, s"u.iu i&.i6i.ua$, a4"i6i"=7i "u"oria$e/
Materiale bibliografice obligatorii
Surse$e 3i3$io2ra%i4e o3$i2a"orii pe&"ru a4es" 4urs se re2=ses4 <& sC$$a3us-u$ a%ere&" 4ursu$ui/ Di&"re
a4es"ea, e&umer=m:

/ A.am, E/F/ G Dictionary of Business English, Lo&2ma& Hor5 ?ress, :((
>/ Broo5es, Ii4Jae$ G Business English, Teora, >99>
!/ Bu.ai LKs0$L: Gramatica englez. Teorie i exerciii, Teora, >99>
'/ Fo$$i&2er, A$e,a&.er G Test Your Business English Vocabulary, Teora, >99>
*/ Eo&es, Leo G e! "nternational Business EnglisJ, Cam3ri.2e ?u3$isJi&2 Fouse, ::)
)/ Ia4Ke&0ie, Ia& G English for Business #tu$ies, Cam3ri.2e M&i6ersi"C ?ress, ::8
8/ Ias4u$$, Bi$$: Business Vocabulary in %se, Cam3ri.2e M&i6ersi"C ?ress, >99'
(/ Tu$$is, GraJam G e! "nsights "nto Business English, Lo&2ma&, >999
:/ Topa$=, Dra2o V$a. G Dicionar economic englez&rom'n, E.i"ura E4o&omi4=, :::
Calendar al cursului
Sptm
na

"ema "erme&
pre.are
1 Iar5e"i&2 &oiem3rie
2 +i&a&4e a&. A44ou&"i&2
3 Impor" - E,por" .e4em3rie
4 S"ar"i&2 a Busi&essNTJe Busi&ess ?$a& mar"ie
5 Ba&5, S"o45s a&. SJares
6 I&sura&4e
7 Corpora"e A$$ia&4es a&. A4Ouisi"io&s mai

Politica de evaluare yi notare
- "ipuri$e .e e6a$uare 4e 6or %i u"i$i0a"e: "es" .e "es"are a 4ompe"e&7ei $i&26is"i4e P$is"e&i&2, rea.i&2,
6o4a3u$arC, E&2$isJ i& use, @ri"i&2Q
- 4ri"erii$e .e &o"are: e6a$uarea s"u.e&7i$or se 6a rea$i0a 4o&%orm re0u$"a"e$or primi"e $a "es"u$ .e
"es"are a 4ompe"e&7ei $i&26is"i4e
- s"u.e&7ii "re3uie s= p=s"re0e "oa"e sar4i&i$e rea$i0a"e pe par4ursu$ 4ursu$ui pD&= $a primirea &o"ei
%i&a$e
- %orma su3 4are s"u.e&7ii 6or primi %ee.-3a45 $a sar4i&i$e rea$i0a"e: pri& e-mai$, pri& 4omu&i4are
.ire4"= pe&"ru 4ei 4e so$i4i"= a4es" %ee.-3a45
Elemente de deontologie academic
Co.u$ .e .eo&"o$o2ie a4a.emi4= re2$eme&"ea0= urm="oare$e:
(rau$a se refer la:
a/ 4opia" Pu"i$i0area .e ma"eria$e sau i&%orma7ii &eau"ori0a"eQ, %a$si%i4=ri, i ori4e a$"e a4"i6i"=7i
4are po" a%e4"a o 4ore4"= e6a$uare a per%orma&7e$or s"u.e&7i$or
3/ a#u"oru$ a4or.a" a$"ora <& a4es"e pri6i&7e
4/ <&4er4area .e a se a&2a#a <& as"%e$ .e %ap"e
Studen(i cu dizabilit(i
E,is"= .ispo&i3i$i"a"ea .e a $ua $e2="ura 4u s"u.e&7ii a%e4"a7i .e .i0a3i$i"=7i mo"orii sau i&"e$e4"ua$e
pe&"ru a i.e&"i%i4a e6e&"ua$e so$u7ii <& 6e.erea o%eririi .e a&se e2a$e a4es"ora/ Ca$ea .e 4omu&i4are
pri& 4are pu"em %i 4o&"a4"a7i pe&"ru a4es" 2e& .e si"ua7ii: e-mai$ sau pri& 4omu&i4are .ire4"= pe&"ru 4ei
4e so$i4i"= a4es" %ee.-3a45/
Strategii de studiu recomandate
Num=ru$ .e ore es"ima"i6 pe&"ru par4ur2erea 4ursu$ui Psupor" .e 4urs, a4"i6i"=7i, .is4u7ii, sar4i&i e"4/Q
es"e .e 99/

CONTENTS
Io.u$e
MARKETING )
Io.u$e > FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING :
Io.u$e ! IMPORT - EXPORT !
Io.u$e ' STARTING A BUSINESS/THE BUSINESS PLAN '9
Io.u$e * BANKS, STOCKS AND SHARES ')
Io.u$e ) INSURANCE *8
Io.u$e 8 CORPORATE ALLIANCES AND ACQUISITIONS )>

MODULE 1
MARKETING

Basic Concepts:
Marketing, the marketing mix, product, promotion, advertising
General objectives :
a. to improve students` command of English
b. to help students develop and practice basic skills to enable them to operate effectively in
real life situations
c. to increase students` knowledge of business terms

Specific objectives:
a. to provide information and explanations about notions related to marketing;
b. to improve vocabulary related to the field of marketing
c. to revise grammar knowledge about conditionals

Recommendations:
a. read the texts carefully and try to address the corresponding tasks
b. use the dictionary to improve your vocabulary
c. focus on content and on language use
d. improve your control of grammar and build your vocabulary by practicing
different types of exercises

Expected results:
a. improve students` command of English
b. build up speaking and writing skills
c. practice writing for specific purposes
d. encourage the independent study and self-instruction
GROUP DISCUSSION:
CJoose o&e o% "Je .e%i&i"io&s a3o6e a&. e,p$ai& @JC Cou 4o&si.er i" "Je mos" sui"a3$e %or "Je %ie$. o%
mar5e"i&2/
TJe 'marketing mix' is pro3a3$C "Je mos" %amous pJrase i& mar5e"i&2/ TJe e$eme&"s are "Je mar5e"i&2
R"a4"i4sR/ A$so 5&o@& as "Je 'four Ps', "Je mar5e"i&2 mi, e$eme&"s are price, place , product, a&.
promotion.
Some 4omme&"a"ors @i$$ i&4rease "Je mi, "o "Je 'five Ps', "o i&4$u.e people/ O"Jers @i$$ i&4rease "Je
mi, "o 'Seven Ps', "o i&4$u.e physical evidence Psu4J as u&i%orms, %a4i$i"ies, or $i6erCQ a&. process
Pi/e/ "Je @Jo$e 4us"omer e,perie&4e e/2/ a 6isi" "o "Je Dis&eC Sor$.Q/ TJe "erm @as 4oi&e. 3C Nei$ F/
Bor.e& i& Jis ar"i4$e )The *once+t of the ,ar-eting ,ix) i& :)*/
TJe 4o&4ep" is simp$e/ TJi&5 a3ou" a&o"Jer 4ommo& mi, - a 4a5e mi,/ A$$ 4a5es 4o&"ai& e22s, mi$5,
%$our, a&. su2ar/ Fo@e6er, Cou 4a& a$"er "Je %i&a$ 4a5e 3C a$"eri&2 "Je amou&"s o% mi, e$eme&"s
4o&"ai&e. i& i"/ So %or a s@ee" 4a5e a.. more su2arT I" is "Je same @i"J "Je mar5e"i&2 mi,/ TJe o%%er
Cou ma5e "o Cou 4us"omer 4a& 3e a$"ere. 3C 6arCi&2 "Je mi, e$eme&"s/ So %or a Ji2J pro%i$e 3ra&.
i&4rease "Je %o4us o& promo"io& a&. .ese&si"i0e "Je @ei2J" 2i6e& "o pri4e/
Promotion
A&o"Jer o&e o% "Je '?Rs is Rpromo"io&R/ TJis i&4$u.es a$$ o% "Je "oo$s a6ai$a3$e "o "Je mar5e"er %or
Rmar5e"i&2 4ommu&i4a"io&R/ As @i"J Nei$ F/ Bor.e&Us mar5e"i&2 mi,, mar5e"i&2 4ommu&i4a"io&s Jas
i"s o@& Rpromo"io&s mi,/R TJi&5 o% i" $i5e a 4a5e mi,, "Je 3asi4 i&2re.ie&"s are a$@aCs "Je same/
Fo@e6er, i% Cou 6arC "Je amou&"s o% o&e o% "Je i&2re.ie&"s, "Je %i&a$ ou"4ome is .i%%ere&"/ I" is "Je same
@i"J promo"io&s/ Hou 4a& Ri&"e2ra"eR .i%%ere&" aspe4"s o% "Je promo"io&s mi, "o .e$i6er a u&iOue
4ampai2&/ TJe e$eme&"s o% "Je promo"io&s mi, are:
/ Personal Selling
>/ Sales Promotion
!/ Public Relations
'/ Direct Mail
*/ Trade Fairs and Exhibitions
)/ Advertising
7. Sponsorship
TJe e$eme&"s o% "Je promo"io&s mi, are i&"e2ra"e. "o %orm a 4oJere&" 4ampai2&/ As @i"J a$$ %orms o%
4ommu&i4a"io&, "Je messa2e %rom "Je mar5e"er %o$$o@s "Je R4ommu&i4a"io&s pro4essR as i$$us"ra"e.
a3o6e/ +or e,amp$e, a ra.io a.6er" is ma.e %or a 4ar ma&u%a4"urer/ TJe 4ar ma&u%a4"urer Pse&.erQ paCs
%or a spe4i%i4 a.6er" @Ji4J 4o&"ai&s a messa2e spe4i%i4 "o a "ar2e" au.ie&4e Pe&4o.i&2Q/ I" is "ra&smi""e.
.uri&2 a se" o% 4ommer4ia$s %rom a ra.io s"a"io& PIessa2e N me.iaQ/ TJe messa2e is .e4o.e. 3C a 4ar
ra.io P.e4o.i&2Q a&. "Je "ar2e" 4o&sumer i&"erpre"s "Je messa2e Pre4ei6erQ/ Fe or sJe mi2J" 6isi" a
.ea$ersJip or see5 %ur"Jer i&%orma"io& %rom a @e3 si"e PRespo&seQ/ TJe 4o&sumer mi2J" 3uC a 4ar or
e,press a& i&"eres" or .is$i5e P%ee.3a45Q/ TJis i&%orma"io& @i$$ i&%orm %u"ure e$eme&"s o% a& i&"e2ra"e.
promo"io&a$ 4ampai2&/ ?erJaps a .ire4" mai$ 4ampai2& @ou$. pusJ "Je 4o&sumer "o "Je poi&" o%
pur4Jase/ Noise represe&"s "Je "Jousa&. o% mar5e"i&2 4ommu&i4a"io&s "Ja" a 4o&sumer is e,pose. "o
e6erC.aC, a$$ 4ompe"i&2 %or a""e&"io&/
GROUP DISCUSSION:
SJi4J e$eme&" o% "Je promo"io&s mi, .o Cou 4o&si.er as 3ei&2 "Je mos" impor"a&"V Eus"i%C Cour
a&s@er/
VOCABULARY PRACTICE
+or ea4J .e%i&i"io& 4Joose "Je 4orre4" @or. or pJrase Pe,/ -4Q:
/ ?ro6i.i&2 mo&eC "o 4u$"ura$ or spor"i&2 a4"i6i"ies i& e,4Ja&2e %or a.6er"isi&2 ri2J"s
aQ promo"io& 3Q 2ra&" ai. 4Q spo&sorsJip
>/ A 3usi&ess @Ji4J spe4ia$i0es i& 2i6i&2 a.6i4e a&. suppor" "o 4ompa&ies a3ou" mar5e"i&2 a&.
mar5e"s
aQ mar5e"i&2 4o&su$"a&4C 3Q 4ou&se$$i&2 ser6i4e 4Q 4ompa&C a&a$Cs"s
!/ A& e4o&omC @Ji4J a$$o@s ope& a&. reaso&a3$C %ree e,4Ja&2e 3e"@ee& pri6a"e 4ompa&ies
aQ 4omma&. e4o&omC 3Q 4o&ser6a"i6e e4o&omC 4Q %ree mar5e" e4o&omC
'/ A mar5e" i& @Ji4J "Jere are "oo ma&C supp$iers pro.u4i&2 simi$ar pro.u4"s
aQ sa"ura"e. mar5e" 3Q 3uCersU mar5e" 4Q Jea6C mar5e"
*/ A mar5e" i& @Ji4J "Jere are %e@ supp$iers pro.u4i&2 2oo.s "Ja" a $o" o% peop$e @a&" "o 3uC
aQ @ea5 mar5e" 3Q se$$ersU mar5e" 4Q $i2J" mar5e"
)/ A perso& @Jo uses "Jeir spe4ia$is" 5&o@$e.2e o% a spe4i%i4 mar5e" "o "rC "o e,p$ai& @Ja" Jas
Jappe&e. a&. pre.i4" @Ja" @i$$ Jappe&
aQ mar5e" a&a$Cs" 3Q %ore4as"er 4Q mar5e" 3ro5er
8/ A spe4i%i4 promo"io&a$ a4"i6i"C o6er a $imi"e. perio. o% "ime
aQ 4ampai2& 3Q seaso& 4Q "re&.
(/ TJe a4"i6i"C o% mo6i&2 2oo.s %rom "Je pro.u4er "o "Je 4o&sumer
aQ se$$i&2 3Q .is"ri3u"io& 4Q orie&"a"io&
:/ TJe propor"io& o% "Je "o"a$ mar5e" @Ji4J o&e 4ompa&C 4o&"ro$s
aQ .omi&io& 3Q mar5e" p$a4e 4Q mar5e" sJare
9/ SJa" a 4ompa&C or or2a&i0a"io& saCs i" i&"e&.s "o .o %or i"s 4us"omers a&. "Je 4ommu&i"C
aQ 4orpora"e missio& 3Q s"ra"e2i4 p$a& 4Q 4orpora"e ima2e
TYPES OF PROMOTION
/ CJoose "Je 4orre4" a$"er&a"i6e %or ea4J se&"e&4e/ I& o&e 4ase, 3o"JNa$$ o% "Je a$"er&a"i6es are possi3$e/
/ .ire4" mai$i&2 N mai$ or.er N pos"a$ a.6er"isi&2
Se&.i&2 pro.u4" or ser6i4e i&%orma"io& 3C pos" "o spe4i%i4 i&.i6i.ua$s or 4ompa&ies is 4a$$e. $irect
mailing.
>/ perso&a$ se$$i&2 N .ire4" se$$i&2
A se$$i&2 "e4J&iOue 3ase. o& ma5i&2 a perso&a$ 4a$$ "o a& i&.i6i.ua$ or 4ompa&C is 4a$$e. W
!/ a& i&-s"ore promo"io& N a spe4ia$ o%%er
A promo"io& 3ase. o& a.6er"isi&2 i& "Je a4"ua$ sJop is W
'/ poi&"-o%-sa$e a.6er"isi&2 N o&-pa45 promo"io&
A promo"io& me"Jo. "Ja" i&6o$6es "Je pa45a2i&2 o% a pro.u4", su4J as i&4$u.i&2 a %ree samp$e or
4oupo& is 4a$$e. W
*/ spo&sorsJip N perime"er a.6er"isi&2
A.6er"isi&2 arou&. "Je p$aCi&2 area a" spor"s 2rou&.s is 4a$$e. W
)/ 3ar2ai& se$$i&2 N BOGO+
A promo"io& me"Jo. %or %as" mo6i&2 4o&sumer 2oo.s @Ji4J i&6o$6es 3uCi&2 o&e a&. 2e""i&2 o&e %ree
is 4a$$e. W
8/ o&$i&e a.6er"isi&2 N a.6er"isi&2 o& "Je @e3 N I&"er&e" a.6er"isi&2
?romo"i&2 Cour a4"i6i"ies or Cour 4ompa&C a&. i"s pro.u4"s or ser6i4es o& "Je i&"er&e" is 4a$$e. W
(/ 4o$. 4a$$i&2 N .oor-"o-.oor se$$i&2
Te$epJo&i&2 .ire4" "o Jomes or 3usi&esses "o "rC "o i&"eres" peop$e i& Cour ser6i4es or Cour pro.u4"s is
4a$$e. W
SPEAKING
/ Dis4uss "Je %o$$o@i&2 @i"J a par"&er:
Ne2o"ia"e a $is" i&4$u.i&2 @Ja" Cou 4o&si.er "o 3e "Je DOs a&. DONUTs o% promo"io&a$ sa$es/
>/ Dis4uss o& "Je %o$$o@i&2 "opi4s, a2reei&2 or .isa2reei&2 o& "Je "ru"J 6a$ue o% ea4J s"a"eme&":
-A.6er"isi&2 .oes &o" prese&" a rea$ ima2e o% "Je pro.u4", e,a22era"i&2 i"s 4Jara4"eris"i4s/
-A.6er"isi&2 raises pri4es a&. 3ri&2s %e@ 3e&e%i"s/
-A.6er"isi&2 some"imes persua.es 4us"omers "o 3uC pro.u4"s "JeC .o &o" &ee./
!/ Rea. "Je %o$$o@i&2 "e," a3ou" .ire4" mai$ a&. e,press Cour perso&a$ opi&io&s a3ou" "Je issues
prese&"e. "Jere:
Direct Mail's Deadly Sins
+rom AprC$ Du&4a&,
Hour Gui.e "o A.6er"isi&2/

Fo@ mu4J #u&5 mai$ .o Cou re4ei6e ea4J .aCV Do Cou rea. i"V Toss i"V

No@ pu" Course$% i& "Je sJoes o% Cour .ire4" mai$ re4ipie&"s/ A6oi. .ire4" mai$ .ea.$C mis"a5es or Cour
ma"eria$s @i$$ e&. up i& "Je "rasJ "oo/

Be%ore Cou e6e& 3e2i& "o pu" Cour .ire4" mai$ 4ampai2& "o2e"Jer, CouR6e 2o" "o 5&o@ @Jo Cour "ar2e"
mar5e" is/ Are "JeC @ome&V ?are&"sV Hou&2V O$.V M&.ers"a&. @Ja" mo"i6a"es "Jem/ SJa" are "Jeir
$i5es a&. .is$i5esV
Sri"e as i% CouRre "a$5i&2 "o "Jem/ A&. e6e& use "erms "Jese "Cpes o% peop$e @ou$. use/

Bu" a$$ "Je %a&4C 2rapJi4s a&. "Je mos" 3eau"i%u$$C 4rea"e. se&"e&4es i& "Je @or$. @o&R" .o Cou a 3i" o%
2oo. i% Cou .o&R" 4are%u$$C se$e4" "Je peop$e o& Cour mai$i&2 $is"/ I% CouRre se$$i&2 a.u$" .iapers, Cou
@a&" "o "ar2e" se&ior 4i"i0e&s///&o" >!-Cear-o$.s/
Ti2J"e& Cour mai$i&2 $is" as mu4J as possi3$e "o 3e sure i"Rs "ai$ore. "o Cour &ee.s/ I"Rs "ou2J "o ma5e
peop$e 3e$ie6e "JeC &ee. Cour pro.u4" a&. e6e& Jar.er "o 4o&6i&4e "Jem "JeC &ee. i" &o@/ Bu" i%
CouR6e resear4Je. Cour $is", Cou Ja6e a Ji2Jer 4Ja&4e o% Ji""i&2 po"e&"ia$ 4us"omers i&s"ea. o% "Je "rasJ
4a&/

HouR6e ma.e Cour $is" a&. 4Je45e. i" "@i4e, so-"o-spea5/ I"Rs "Je per%e4" $is"/ No@ i"Rs "ime "o @ri"e/
De%i&e Cour o3#e4"i6es 3e%ore Cou s"ar" @ri"i&2/ S"aC %o4use. a&. Ji" "Je poi&"s o% Cour o3#e4"i6e/ I%
Cou 2e" o%% "ra45, Cour rea.er is 2oi&2 "o s"op rea.i&2/

Spe&. a $o" o% "ime o& Cour Jea.$i&e/ Eus" remem3er Jo@ Cou %ee$ @Je& rea.i&2 mai$ "Ja" 4omes "o
Cou/ A%"er Cou rea. "Ja" Jea.$i&e, .o Cou 5eep rea.i&2V TJe Jea.$i&e 4a& ma5e or 3rea5 Cour .ire4"
mai$ 4ampai2&/

Does pri4e rea$$C ma""erV No" u&$ess Cou 5&o@ @Ja" CouRre 2e""i&2 %or "Ja" pri4e/ Foo5 Cour rea.er
@i"J a$$ o% "Je pro.u4" 3e&e%i"s/ BC "Je "ime "JeC 2e" "o "Je e&., "JeC sJou$. 3e saCi&2, XI 4a&R" $i6e
@i"Jou" "Ja"TX

A&. "Je& Cou $e" "Jem i& o& "Je pri4e/ E6e& i% "Je pri4e is e,"reme$C $o@, Cou Ja6e "o "e$$ po"e&"ia$
4us"omers a3ou" "Je pro.u4" %irs"/

Dis4$osi&2 "Jis pri4e sJou$.&R" pu" peop$e i&"o sJo45/ Is Cour pro.u4" pri4e. a44or.i&2 "o "Je mar5e"V I%
CouRre se$$i&2 a &e@ "e..C 3ear, i" sJou$. 3e pri4e. @i"Ji& reaso&/ No" ma&C peop$e @i$$ paC Y:9 %or a
"i&C "e..C 3ear, ri2J"V Tru"J is, a $o" o% .ire4" mai$ 2oes u&a&s@ere. 3e4ause "Je pro.u4"s are
u&reaso&a3$C pri4e./
Su44essT Hour po"e&"ia$ 4us"omer rea. a$$ "Je @aC "Jrou2J Cour mai$i&2/ No@ @Ja"V
Di. Cou "e$$ "Je rea.er @Ja" Cou @a&" "Jem "o .oV Hou 4a&R" se$$ i% Cou .o&R" "e$$/
Hour rea.ers &ee. a 4a$$ "o a4"io&/ Te$$ "Jem "o se&. i& "Je 4ar., 4a$$ Cou, e"4/ TJe& "e$$ "Jem a2ai&/

O&4e Cour .ire4" mai$ is rea.C "o 2o, "es" se6era$ sma$$er mai$i&2s 3e%ore se&.i&2 ou" a Ju2e 4Ju&5/
Tes" ea4J o% "Jese mai$i&2s 3C 4Ja&2i&2 a %e@ i"ems @Je& Cou se&. "Jem ou"/

Fa6e "@o or more sa$es $e""ers Cou "es" a2ai&s" ea4J o"Jer/ BC "es"i&2, Cou @i$$ %i&. ou" @Ji4J o% "Jose
mai$i&2s are 3ri&2i&2 i& more respo&ses a&. - Jope%u$$C - more or.ers/

S"i45 @i"J "Je 4$ear @i&&ers/ Remem3er "Je saCi&2, XI% i" ai&R" 3ro5e, .o&R" %i, i"/X

Dire4" mai$ is a @as"e o% mo&eC %or a $o" o% peop$e/ Bu" i" .oes&R" Ja6e "o 3e %or Cou/ M&.ers"a&.i&2
.ire4" mai$ .ea.$C mis"a5es -- a&. a6oi.i&2 "Jem -- @i$$ $ea. Cou "o sa$es su44essT

'/ Rea. "Je %o$$o@i&2 e,amp$e o% a .ire4" mai$ a&. "rC "o .e%i&e "Je 3asi4 %ea"ures o% su4J a $e""er:

I S L A N D
LONG DISTANCE
Sep"em3er (, >99,
Eu$ie SmC"Je
?resi.e&"
A$"er&a"i6e Re"ai$i&2 888 EasC SaC Los A&2e$es, CA
YOU CAN CUT YOUR COMPANY'S LONG DISTANCE
PHONE EXPENSES BY 30!

Dear Is/ SmC"Je:
I"Rs "rueT Is$a&. Lo&2 Dis"a&4e sa6es .ire4" mai$ re"ai$ers #us" $i5e Cou as mu4J as
!9Z o%% "Jeir mo&"J$C $o&2 .is"a&4e pJo&e 3i$$s/
Se o%%er "Je same %i3er op"i4 "e$epJo&e $i&es "Ja" Cour 4urre&" ser6i4e &o@ o%%ers,
e,4ep" @e 4Jar2e a $o" $ess %or our Ji2J Oua$i"C ser6i4e/ A&., @i"J Is$a&. Lo&2
Dis"a&4e, Cou &e6er Ja6e "o @orrC a3ou" $os" sa$es .ue "o a po@er or sCs"ems %ai$ure/
I& "Je e6e&" o% a& emer2e&4C, our 4ompu"er @i$$ au"oma"i4a$$C rerou"e "Je 4a$$s %rom
Cour (99 sCs"em "o a&o"Jer $o4a"io& o% Cour 4Joosi&2/
IaC3e CouRre @o&.eri&2 @JC CouR6e &e6er Jear. o% us/ TJa"Rs 3e4ause u&$i5e AT[T
a&. ICI, @e .o&R" spe&. mi$$io&s o% .o$$ars o& e,pe&si6e a.6er"isi&2 4ampai2&s/ Se
4Joose "o pass "Jis sa6i&2s o& "o Cou/ I& %a4", mos" o% our &e@ 3usi&ess is 2e&era"e.
"Je o$. %asJio&e. @aC: our 4us"omers re4omme&. us "o "Jeir 4o$$ea2ues/
Bu" "Ja"Rs &o" a$$/ Is$a&. Lo&2 Dis"a&4e o%%ers:

Delayed payment options during your off-peak months. As a 4$o"Ji&2
re"ai$er, @e u&.ers"a&. Cour 3usi&ess Jas pea5s a&. 6a$$eCs, a&. @eRre
prepare. "o Je$p Cou "Jrou2J "Je 6a$$eCs/ Simp$C 4Joose o&e o% our
4o&6e&ie&" paCme&" op"io&s "Ja"Rs 3es" %or Cour &ee.s/
Guaranteed rates for two years. AT[T, ICI, a&. Spri&" raise "Jeir ra"es
>9Z e6erC %our mo&"Js P"Jose 4$e6er "e$e6isio& 4ommer4ia$s sure 4os" a $o" o%
mo&eCQ/ Se .o&R", a&. we'll put it in writing.
Guaranteed satisfaction. I% a%"er usi&2 our $o&2 .is"a&4e %or :9 .aCs CouRre
&o" 4omp$e"e$C sa"is%ie. %or a&C reaso&, @eR$$ s@i"4J Cou 3a45 "o Cour o$.
ser6i4e %ree/
A FREE month of long distance to new customers.
Bu" p$ease .o&R" #us" "a5e Is$a&.Rs @or. o& i"/ FereRs @Ja" some o% 4us"omers "Ji&5
a3ou" us:
X"slan$ .ong Distance has cut our long $istance +hone bills by /0123
\ Ellen 4al-er5 6resi$ent5 6eacoc- (ashions
X")ll ne7er forget the hurricane that $o!ne$ our +hone lines for one !ee-. 8n$ ")ll
ne7er forget ho! 9uic-ly "slan$ .ong Distance reroute$ our calls to our e! Yor-
branch. They sa7e$ us $uring our busiest sales season23
\ 8lan (isher5 #ales Director5 *an$y&By&,ail
IR6e e&4$ose. a 3ro4Jure "Ja" %ur"Jer .e"ai$s our s"a"e-o%-"Je-ar" rerou"i&2 sCs"em a&.
.e$aCe. paCme&" op"io&s/ Please be advised the free month of long distance is
available only to new customers who sign with us by 1uly 1. Hou mus" a4" Oui45$C
"o "a5e a.6a&"a2e o% "Jis e,4ep"io&a$ sa6i&2s oppor"u&i"C/
IR. $i5e "o mee" @i"J Cou "o .is4uss Jo@ Is$a&. Lo&2 Dis"a&4e 4a& imme.ia"e$C 3e2i&
sa6i&2 Cou up "o !9Z o& Cour mo&"J$C $o&2 .is"a&4e e,pe&se/ IR$$ 3e 4o&"a4"i&2 Cou
&e," @ee5 "o s4Je.u$e a& appoi&"me&"/ I $oo5 %or@ar. "o mee"i&2 @i"J Cou soo&/
Si&4ere$C,
Samue$ EoJ&so&
?resi.e&"
?/S/ Do&R" %or2e", Cou mus" si2& @i"J Is$a&. Lo&2 Dis"a&4e 3C Eu$C , >99, %or Cour
%ree mo&"J o% $o&2 .is"a&4e ser6i4eT

>/ Sri"e a simi$ar $e""er promo"i&2 a pro.u4" or ser6i4e a" our 4Joi4e/

GRAMMAR
Conditionals

First, Second and Third Conditionals
TJere are "Jree mai& "Cpes o% 4o&.i"io&a$s se&"e&4es/
a/ +irs" 4o&.i"io&a$ Por TCpe 4o&.i"io&a$Q:
I% I see A&.re@ a" "Je mee"i&2, IU$$ 2i6e Jim Cour messa2e/
?rese&" Simp$e +u"ure Simp$e
3/ Se4o&. 4o&.i"io&a$ Por TCpe > 4o&.i"io&a$Q:
I% mC pare&"s @ere a$i6e, "JeC @ou$. 3e 6erC prou. o% me
&o@/ ?as" Simp$e @ou$. ] I&%/
4/ TJir. 4o&.i"io&a$ Por TCpe ! 4o&.i"io&a$Q:
I% sJe Ja. @or5e. Jar.er, sJe @ou$. Ja6e passe. "Je e,ams/

Exercises
I/ TJe %o$$o@i&2 se&"e&4es are %irs", se4o&. or "Jir. 4o&.i"io&a$/ ?u" "Je 6er3s i& 3ra45e"s i&"o "Je
appropria"e %orm:
/ Se @a&"e. "o 2o ou" Ces"er.aC 3u" "Je @ea"Jer @as "erri3$e/ I% i" P3eQ a &i4e .aC, @e P2oQ %or a pi4&i4/
>/ SJC .o&U" Cou e,p$ai& e6erC"Ji&2 "o JimV I% Cou P&o" "e$$Q Jim "Je "ru"J, IUm sure Cou Pre2re"Q i" o&e
.aC/
!/ Ee&&i%er @as Jere &o" $o&2 a2o/ I% Cou P4ome rou&.Q ear$ier, Cou PseeQ Jer/
'/ Appare&"$C, "Je %errC 4ompa&C are p$a&&i&2 "o 4$ose "Je por" i& "Jis "o@&/ I% "Ja" PJappe&Q, "Je "o@&
P$oseQ a 2rea" .ea$ o% mo&eC/
*/ I PJe$pQ Cou @i"J i" i% I PJa6eQ more "ime, 3u" IUm a%rai. I Ja6e&U" 2o" a&C spare "ime a" a$$ a" "Je
mome&"/
)/ TJe 2o6er&me&" is e,pe4"i&2 "o @i& "Je &e," e$e4"io&, 3u" i% i" P$oseQ, "Je ?rime Ii&is"er Presi2&Q
%rom po$i"i4s/
8/ I am so 2$a. "Ja" Cou "oo5 me "o Cour %rie&.Us par"C/ I% @e P&o" 2oQ "Jere, I P&e6er mee"Q A.ria&/
(/ I"Us ri.i4u$ous "Ja" "rai&s are so e,pe&si6e/ I% %ares P3eQ 4Jeaper, IUm sure more peop$e PuseQ "Je "rai&
a&. $ea6e "Jeir 4ars a" Jome/
:/ I% sJe P2e"Q "Ja" #o3 sJe app$ie. %or, sJe P3eQ .e$i2J"e./ A&. I "Ji&5 sJeUs 2o" a 2oo. 4Ja&4e o% 2e""i&2
i"/
9/ +or"u&a"e$C "Je e,p$osio& "oo5 p$a4e a" &i2J" @Je& "Je s"ree"s @ere emp"C/ I" P3eQ a .isas"er i% i"
PJappe&Q i& "Je mi..$e o% "Je .aC/
/ TJe "a$5s 3e"@ee& "Je "@o $ea.ers 5eep 3rea5i&2 .o@&/ I% "JeC P3rea5 .o@&Q a2ai&, i" is possi3$e
"Ja" "Jere P3eQ a @ar 3e"@ee& "Je "@o 4ou&"ries/
>/ I% A$iso& P5&o@Q a&C"Ji&2 a3ou" 4ar me4Ja&i4s, IUm sure sJe PJe$pQ us %i, "Je 4ar, 3u" I "Ji&5 sJe
5&o@s e6e& $ess "Ja& @e .o/
!/ TJeCU6e 3ee& marrie. %or "@e&"C Cears &o@ 3u" I .o&U" "Ji&5 sJe PmarrCQ Jim i% sJe P5&o@Q @Ja" a
se$%isJ ma& Je @as/
'/ CJi$.re& spe&. "oo mu4J "ime @a"4Ji&2 "e$e6isio& a&. p$aCi&2 4ompu"er 2ames/ IUm sure "JeC P3eQ
Jappier i% "JeC Pspe&.Q more "ime p$aCi&2 ou"si.e/
*/ Eamie Jas e6erC"Ji&2 Je @a&"s 3u" JeUs a$@aCs moa&i&2/ IUm sure "Ja" i% I PJa6eQ so mu4J mo&eC, I
P&o" moa&Q a$$ "Je "ime/

II/ ?u" "Je 6er3s i& 3ra45e"s i&"o "Je appropria"e %orm:
/ OJ .ear, I "Ji&5 @eUre a 3i" $a"e/ I% "Je 4o&4er"Us a$rea.C s"ar"e., @e P&o" 3e a$$o@e.Q "o 2o i&/
>/ Fe @ou$.&U" 3e 4omi&2 Jere i% Je P&o" @a&"Q "o/
!/ I% Cou @ere p$a&&i&2 "o $ea6e Cour Jus3a&., I Pa.6iseQ Cou a2ai&s" i"/
'/ Fe 4ou$. 3e ear&i&2 $o"s o% mo&eC &o@ i% Je rea$$C P@a&"Q "o, 3u" I .o&U" "Ji&5 "Ja"Us @Ja" Je @a&"s/
*/ Hou 4a& s"aC Jere "o&i2J" i% Cou P&o" Ja6eQ a&C@Jere e$se "o s"aC/
)/ I% I 4ou$. Ja6e pJo&e. Cou, I P"e$$Q Cou @Ja" @as Jappe&i&2/
8/ I% Cou PJa6eQ a&C pro3$ems, 2i6e me a ri&2/
(/ I% Cou P2e"Q Jere a" a3ou" ( oU4$o45, IU$$ 3e @ai"i&2 %or Cou
:/ Se 4ou$. Ja6e 2o" "Jere i& "ime i% Cou PpJo&eQ us ear$ier/
9/ I% "Jis sJou$. Jappe& a2ai&, P4omeQ a&. P"e$$Q me a3ou" i" imme.ia"e$C/
/ Hou 4a&U" e,pe4" 5i&.&ess a&. suppor" %rom Cour %ami$C i% Cou P&o" 2i6eQ "Je same "o "Jem/
>/ I% sJeUs 3ee& @or5i&2 a$$ .aC, sJe P3eQ 6erC "ire. @Je& sJe 2e"s i&/
!/ I% "Je ma&a2eme&" @ere "o rei&s"a"e "Je s"ri5e $ea.er, "Je s"ri5e P3e 4a$$e. o%%Q/
'/ I% I P5eepQ @or5i&2 o& "Jis essaC, IU$$ Ja6e %i&isJe. i" 3C "o&i2J"/
*/ I% I 4ou$. 3orro@ some mo&eC, I P.e%i&i"e$C 4omeQ o& "Je Jo$i.aC @i"J Cou, 3u" I "Ji&5 i"Us u&$i5e$C/
)/ I mi2J" Ja6e 3ee& a3$e "o Je$p Cou i% Cou Pe,p$ai&Q "Je pro3$em "o me/
8/ I% I 4ou$. $i6e @Jere6er I @a&"e. "o, I "Ji&5 I P4JooseQ "o $i6e o& a S4o""isJ is$a&./
(/ I% "JeC Ja. 3ee& $is"e&i&2 more 4are%u$$C, "JeC Pmi2J" u&.ers"a&.Q @Ja" I @as saCi&2/
:/ I% I P3eQ a Cear o$.er, I 4ou$. #oi& "Je armC/
>9/ I% I P2e"Q a paC rise, IUm 2oi&2 "o 3uC a &e@ 4ar/

Bibliography
1. Cullen, V. & Lehniger, D. (2000) B for Business. Mnchen: Max Hueber
Verlag
2. Dubicka, I. & O`Keeffe, M. (2006) Market Leader Advanced. Edinburgh:
Pearson Longman
3. Hollinger, A. (2002) Test Your Business English Vocabulary. Bucuresti:
Teora
4. .ongman Business English Dictionary :;00<=5 ?earso& Lo&2ma&
5. Vi&4e, I/ P>99*Q 8$7ance$ .anguage 6ractice. I4Ii$$a&
6. Topa$a, V/P>999Q Dicionar economic englez&rom'n. Bu4ure"i: E.i"ura
E4o&omi4=
7. Topa$a, V/[ ?a"ri4iu, S/ P:::Q Dicionar economic englez&rom'n. Bu4ure"i:
E.i"ura E4o&omi4=

MODULE II
FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING

Basic Concepts:
A44ou&"i&2, a44ou&"a&", asse"s, $ia3i$i"ies, au.i"i&2, 3a$a&4e sJee", i&6oi4e
General objectives:
b. help students develop and practice basic skills to enable them to operate effectively in
c. increase students` knowledge of business terms

Specific objectives
a. to provide information and explanations about notions related to accounting;
b. to improve vocabulary related to the field of finance and accounting
c. to revise grammar knowledge about indirect speech

Recommendations:
d. improve your control of grammar and build your vocabulary by practicing different types
of exercises

Expected results:
BEFORE YOU READ

/ Hou .e4i.e "o se" up Cour o@& 3usi&ess/ SJa" are "Je mai& reOuireme&"s %or su4J a 6e&"ureV
>/ SJa" "Cpe o% 3usi&ess or2a&i0a"io& are Cou 2oi&2 "o se" upV SJa" maC Cour op"io&s 3eV
!/ As a sma$$ 3usi&ess o@&er .o Cou &ee. "o Jire pro%essio&a$ a44ou&"i&2 ser6i4es or 4a& Cou
ma&a2e 3C Course$%V
'/ Is i" e&ou2J "o Ja6e a pro%essio&a$ a44ou&"a&" or .o Cou Ja6e "o 5&o@ some"Ji&2 a3ou" %i&a&4ia$
opera"io&s Course$%V
*/ I& Cour opi&io& @Ja" par"i4u$ar s5i$$s .o a44ou&"a&"s &ee.V

READING

Rea. "Je ar"i4$e a3ou" *om+any (ormation/ CJoose "Je 3es" se&"e&4es %rom "Je $is" 3e$o@ PA-FQ "o %i$$
ea4J 2ap P-*Q/ TJere is o&e se&"e&4e "Ja" Cou .o &o" &ee./ TJere is a& e,amp$e a" "Je 3e2i&&i&2 P9-DQ

A/ TJe 3i2 a.6a&"a2e o% %ormi&2 a pu3$i4 $imi"e. 4ompa&C is "Ja" a.6er"iseme&"s maC 3e pa4e. i&
%i&a&4ia$ &e@spaper i&6i"i&2 "Je pu3$i4 "o app$C %or sJares: a +ros+ectus, as "Jis a.6er"iseme&" is 4a$$e.,
2i6es .e"ai$s o% "Je 4ompa&CUs pas" "ra.i&2 re4or. a&. es"ima"es o% %u"ure ear&i&2s, "o2e"Jer @i"J o"Jer
i&%orma"io& reOuire. 3C $a@/

B/ O& "Je o"Jer Ja&., 3oo55eepers are respo&si3$e %or o3"ai&i&2 "Je %i&a&4ia$ .a"a "Ja" "Je a44ou&"i&2
sCs"em pro4esses/ A& a44ou&"i&2 sCs"em 4a&&o" opera"e @i"Jou" 2oo., a44ura"e 3oo55eepi&2, 3u" a
3oo55eeper 4a& 2e&era$$C 3e "rai&e. i& a Cear or "@o/
C/ As a 4o&seOue&4e, o@&ers i& a 4orpora"io& Ja6e $imi"e. $ia3i$i"C/ Si"J $imi"e. $ia3i$i"C, "Je o@&ers
are respo&si3$e %or "Je .e3"s o% "Je 3usi&ess o&$C "o "Je e,"e&" o% "Je amou&" "JeC Ja6e i&6es"e./

D/ ?erJaps Cou @a&" "o 3e4ome a par"-o@&er o% a 4orpora"io& 3C 3uCi&2 sJares o& i"/ Hou maC @a&" "o
i&6es" i& a par"&ersJip 3C 3e4omi&2 a s$eepi&2 par"&er or Cou maC @a&" "o $oo5 i&"o %ra&4Jise/

E/ Ios" pro3a3$C Cou @i$$ Ja6e "o emp$oC a s5i$$e. perso& "o 5eep "Je e,a4" re4or.s o% Cour 3usi&ess
a&. possi3$C "o 2i6e Cou some pro%essio&a$ a.6i4e as @e$$/

+/ TJere are more so$e proprie"orsJips "Ja& a&C o"Jer "Cpes o% 3usi&ess i& "Je M&i"e. S"a"es e4o&omi4
sCs"em, 3u" i" is "Je 2ia&" 4orpora"io&, espe4ia$$C "Je mu$"i&a"io&a$ o&e, "Ja" Jas 3e4ome "o ma&C "Je
sCm3o$ o% "Je pri6a"e Ameri4a& e&"erprise sCs"em/

G/ TJeir perso&a$ sa6i&2s a&. possessio&s 4a&&o" 3e "a5e& "o paC "Je 4orpora"io&Us .e3"s/

F/ Msua$$C, a$$ "Je par"&ers Ja6e perso&a$ u&$imi"e. $ia3i$i"C %or .e3"s "o 4re.i"ors/ A par"&er @Jo
i&6es"s mo&eC i& a par"&ersJip 3u" @Jo .oes &o" ru& "Je 3usi&ess is 4a$$e. a s$eepi&2 par"&er/

Company Formation

A perso& s"ar"i&2 a &e@ 3usi&ess mus" .e4i.e @Ji4J "Cpe o% or2a&i0a"io& is 3es"/ To some e,"e&" "Je
a&s@er .epe&.s o& "Je perso&, "Je "Cpe o% 3usi&ess, "Je mo&eC &ee.e., a&. "Je 5i&. o% pro.u4" or
ser6i4e "o 3e pro6i.e./ I% Cou are 2oi&2 i& a res"aura&" 3usi&ess, Cou maC .e4i.e o& a so$e
proprie"orsJip or a par"&ersJip/ PWW9WW-DQ

PWWWWQ
TJe mo&eC &ee.e. "o s"ar" a 3usi&ess is 4a$$e. 4api"a$/ I% Cou .o &o" Ja6e e&ou2J 4api"a$ Cou maC
3orro@ some %rom "Je 3a&5 i& "Je %orm o% a $oa& or a& o6er.ra%"/ Be%ore "Je 3a&5 @i$$ 2i6e a $oa& Cou
mus" pu" up some se4uri"C Psu4J as Cour o@& JouseQ i& 4ase Cou 4a&&o" paC 3a45 "Je mo&eC/

I% "Je 3usi&ess o@&e. 3C Course$% Pso$e proprie"orQ ru&s i&"o "rou3$e, Cou are $ia3$e "o paC a$$ "Je .e3"s
"o Cour 4re.i"or, e6e& i% Cou Ja6e "o se$$ Cour pri6a"e possessio&s/ A so$e proprie"or is perso&a$$C $ia3$e
"o JisNJer 4re.i"ors/

Some"imes "@o or more peop$e o@& a&. ru& a 3usi&ess/ TJis is 4a$$e. a par"&ersJip/ ?eop$e @Jo i&6es"
mo&eC i& a 3usi&ess are 4a$$e. i&6es"ors or 3a45ers/ TJe 3a45ers i& a par"&ersJip are a$$ par"&ers a&.
o@&ers/ PWW>WWQ Some"imes a s$eepi&2 par"&er 4a& Ja6e $imi"e. $ia3i$i"C^ JisNJer $ia3i$i"C is $imi"e.
"o "Je amou&" o% mo&eC JeNsJe i&6es"s/

A 4ompa&C or a 4orpora"io& is a 3usi&ess "Ja" is $e2a$$C re2ar.e. as a separa"e e&"i"C, as _some"Ji&2
"Ja" e,is"s i&.epe&.e&"$C`/ TJa" mea&s "Ja", as %ar as $a@ is 4o&4er&e., "Je 4orpora"io& Jas a separa"e
e,is"e&4e %rom "Je peop$e @Jo o@& i"/ I" Jas a $i%e o% i"s o@&/ PWW!WWQ E6e& i% "Je 3usi&ess %ai$s,
"Je o@&ers 4a&&o" $ose more "Ja& "JeC Ja6e i&6es"e./ PWW'WWQ Limi"e. $ia3i$i"C 4ompa&ies are
e4o&omi4a$$C 6erC e%%i4ie&"/ A$"Jou2J o&$C a3ou" ) per4e&" o% a$$ 3usi&esses i& "Je M&i"e. S"a"es are
4orpora"io&s "JeC ear& a3ou" 8: per4e&" o% "Je 4ou&"rCUs i&4ome/

I&6es"me&" i& a $imi"e. 4ompa&C is i& "Je %orm o% sJares/ E6erCo&e @Jo 3uCs sJares i& "Je 4ompa&C is
a sJareJo$.er/ TJe $ia3i$i"C o% ea4J sJare is $imi"e. "o "Je amou&" o% o&eUs i&6es"me&"/ I% Cou Ja6e
sJares i& a 4ompa&C, Cou Ja6e s"a5e or Jo$.i&2 i& "Je 4ompa&C/ I% Cou Jo$. >9Z o% "Je sJares, Cou
Ja6e a >9Z s"a5es/ I% a sJareJo$.er Jas more "Ja& *9Z Jo$.i&2, "Ja" perso& is a ma#ori"C sJareJo$.er
a&. Jas a ma#ori"C or 4o&"ro$$i&2 i&"eres" i& "Je 4ompa&C/

A pu3$i4 $imi"e. 4ompa&C is &orma$$C "Je $ar2es" %orm o% 3usi&ess u&i" i& "Je pri6a"e se4"or^ i"s sJares
are o%"e& Ouo"e. o& "Je s"o45 e,4Ja&2e/ Ios" prese&" .aC pu3$i4 4ompa&ies @ere o&4e pri6a"e, Ja6i&2
a" o&e s"a2e gone +ublic @i"J "Je Je$p o% a 3a&5/ PWW*WWQ
O&e o% "Je mai& reaso&s %or sma$$ 3usi&ess %ai$ure is &o" ma&a2eria$ i&4ompe"e&4e, 3u" i&a.eOua"e
%i&a&4ia$ p$a&&i&2/ TJere%ore, i& or.er "o e&sure Cour su44ess Cou Ja6e "o $ear& some"Ji&2 a3ou" "Je
mar5e" Cou @a&" "o e&"er, "Je 2oo.s a&. ser6i4es a$rea.C e,is"i&2 a&. Cou Ja6e "o u&.ers"a&. some
3asi4 3usi&ess a&. a44ou&"i&2 pri&4ip$es/ PWW)WWQ TJis mea&s @ri"i&2 .o@& 4re.i"s a&. .e3i"s, a&.
a..i&2 up 4o$um&s a&. %i2ures G usua$$C 3oo55eeperUs .u"C, 3u" a$so re4or.i&2 4asJ %$o@ a&. "Je 6a$ue
o% asse"s a&. $ia3i$i"ies, 4a$4u$a"e $osses a&. pro%i"s e"4/ G @Ji4J is @Ja" a& a44ou&"a&" .oes/ Hou @i$$
Ja6e "o 5&o@ a&. u&.ers"a&. "Je mea&i&2 o% some 3asi4 a44ou&"i&2 #ar2o& su4J as 4asJ re4eip"s,
#our&a$, 4Je45 re2is"er, .ou3$e e&"rC, +I+O, "ria$ 3a$a&4e/ Hou &ee. a$$ "Jis, as @e$$ as %i&a&4ia$
s"a"eme&"s, 3u.2e"s, 4asJ-%$o@ pro#e4"io&s, 3o"J "o measure "Je su44ess o% Cour 4ompa&C a&. "o Je$p
Cou ma5e .e4isio&s a3ou" a$$o4a"i&2 Cour resour4es %or %u"ure pro#e4"s/
:8$a+te$ from >ea$y for Business=

COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS

/ SJa" .o Cou u&.ers"a&. 3C so$e proprie"orsJipV
>/ SJa" .o Cou u&.ers"a&. 3C par"&ersJipV
!/ SJC are $imi"e. $ia3i$i"C 4ompa&ies e4o&omi4a$$C e%%i4ie&"V
'/ SJa" are "Je mai& reaso&s %or sma$$ 3usi&ess %ai$ureV

ENGLISH IN USE
1. Questions 1-10
+or ea4J 3$a&5 P-9Q, "Ji&5 o% "Je @or. "Ja" 3es" %i"s i& "Je 4o&"e,"/ Mse o&$C o&e @or. i& ea4J spa4e/

A44ou&"i&2 is a" $eas" "Je se4o&. o$.es" pro%essio& i& "Je @or$./ Bu" @Ji$e ear$ier pro%essio&a$s rapi.$C
2o" "o 2rips WWPQ 3asi4 "e4J&iOues a&. e6e& i&"ro.u4e. re%i&eme&"s, i" is remar5a3$e "Ja" 2e&era"io&s
o% "a, 4o$$e4"ors s"a22ere. WWP>Q %or "Jousa&.s o% Cears WWP!Q %i&.i&2 a sa"is%a4"orC 2e&era$
me"Jo. o% 5eepi&2 a WWP'Q o% "Jeir a%%airs/ TJis sJou$. ser6e WWP*Q a @ar&i&2/ TJe pro3$em is
4ommo& se&se 3u" "Je a&s@er is &o"/ I" is Ji2J$C 4o&"ri6e. a&. WWP)Q some respe4"s s"i$$ imper%e4"/
A 3usi&ess maC 3e pi4"ure. as a 3o,/ TJe 3o, Jas 4o&"e&"s a&. WWP8Q 6ir"ue o% o@&i&2 "Je 3o,, "Je
o@&er Jas a 4$aim WWP(Q "Je 6a$ue o% "Je 4o&"e&"s/ As "Je 3usi&ess 3uCs a&. se$$s 2oo.s a&. ser6i4es,
so "Je 6a$ue o% "Je 4o&"e&"s o% "Je 3o, @i$$ i&4rease or WWP:Q, .epe&.i&2 o& @Je"Jer "Je 3usi&ess
ma5es a WWP9Q or a $oss/

2. Questions 11-20
+or ea4J 3$a&5 P->9Q, .e4i.e @Ji4J o% "Je op"io&s A, B, C or D is 3es"/ O&$C o&e a&s@er is 4orre4"
a&. "Jere is a$@aCs o&e 4orre4" a&s@er/

SJe& "Je i&.epe&.e&" au.i"or 3e2i&s a& au.i" WWPQ, Je WWP>Q "Ja" "Je i&"er&a$ 4o&"ro$ sCs"em o%
"Je WWP!Q is appropria"e a&. WWP'Q^ "Ja" "Je 2e&era$$C a44ep"e. a44ou&"i&2 pri&4ip$es Ja6e 3ee&
app$ie. i& a$$ a44ou&"i&2 pro4esses WWP*Q "Je %i&a&4ia$ s"a"eme&"s^ "Ja" "Jese 2e&era$$C a44ep"e.
a44ou&"i&2 pri&4ip$es u"i$i0e. Ja6e 3ee& app$ie. WWP)Q 3e"@ee& "Je 4urre&" a&. "Je prior perio.s^
a&. "Ja" "Jere is a& a.eOua"e amou&" o% i&%orma"i6e %i&a&4ia$ WWP8Q i& "Je %i&a&4ia$ s"a"eme&"s a&.
%oo"&o"es/ E6i.e&4e 2a"Jeri&2 a&. i"s e6a$ua"io& e&a3$e "Je au.i"ors "o WWP(Q or 4o&%irm "Jese
assump"io&s/ TJus "Je au.i"orUs @or5 i&6o$6es "Je a&a$C"i4a$ pro4ess o% 2a"Jeri&2 su%%i4ie&" e6i.e&"ia$
ma""er o& a "es" or WWP:Q 3asis "o e&a3$e a 4ompe"e&" pro%essio&a$ "o e,press a& opi&io& as "o
@Je"Jer a 2i6e& se" o% %i&a&4ia$ s"a"eme&"s mee"s WWP>9Q s"a&.ar.s o% %i&a&4ia$ repor"i&2/

/ A assor"me&" B "as5 C assi2&me&" D respo&si3i$i"C
>/ A pre"e&.s B assumes C assures D i&sures
!/ A e&"er"ai&me&" B es"a"e C e&"erprise D %irm
'/ A e%%e4"i6e B pro%i4ie&" C a%%e4"i6e D pro.u4"i6e
*/ A u&.er"a5i&2 B 3asi&2 o& C u&.er2oi&2 D u&.er$Ci&2
)/ A 4o&seOue&"$C B 4o&si.era3$C C 4o&sis"e&"$C D 4o&se4u"i6e$C
8/ A .is4o&"e&" B .isp$aC C .is4repa&4C D .is4$osure
(/ A .e&C B re$ease C re#e4" D .ire4"
:/ A samp$i&2 B .a"i&2 C s"ampi&2 D mo.e$$i&2
>9/ A s"a"e. B %ou&.e. C %ou&.$i&2 D es"a3$isJe.

Questions 21-25
I& ea4J o% "Je %o$$o@i&2 2roups o% se&"e&4es P>->*Q, "Jere %our u&.er$i&e. par"s, A, B, C a&. D/ +or
ea4J se&"e&4e, %i&. "Je u&.er$i&e. par", A, B, C or D, "Ja" ma5es "Je se&"e&4e i&4orre4"/ TJere is a$@aCs
o&e possi3$e a&s@er/

>/ Au.i"i&2 is PAQ a& a&a$C"i4a$ pro4ess app$ie. "o e6erC.aC 3usi&ess si"ua"io&s/ PBQ SJi$e i" is 4$ose$C
re$a"e. "o e,is"i&2 3usi&ess pra4"i4es/ Si"Jou" PCQ %irs" Ja&. 5&o@$e.2e o% "Je &a"ure o% "Jese pra4"i4es
a&. "Jeir se""i&2, "Je au.i"or @ou$. re$C e,4$usi6e$C PDQ o& a6ai$a3$e %i&a&4ia$ .a"a/

>>/ TJis @ou$. #eopar.i0e PAQ "Je "@o au.i" e%%i4ie&4C a&. e%%e4"i6e&ess/ TJere%ore PBQ a 2e""i&2-
a4Ouai&"e. pJase P@Ji4J usua$$C i&4$u.es a 6isi" "o a 4$ie&"Us %a4i$i"ies a&. 4er"ai& a&a$C"i4a$ pre$imi&arC
"es"s a&. i&OuiriesQ PCQ i&i"ia"es "Je "Cpi4a$ au.i" pro4ess/ Su4J _2e""i&2-a4Ouai&"e.` pre$imi&aries "o
"Je 4o&.u4" o% a& au.i" are PDQ s"a&.ar. pro4e.ures "o.aC/
>!/ TJe au.i"orUs e6a$ua"io& o% "Je 4o&"ro$ sCs"ems PAQ opera"i&2 @i"Ji& "Je e&"erprise Jas a .ire4"
i&%$ue&4e o& PBQ "Je s4ope o% "Je e,ami&a"io& PCQ Je u&.er2oes a&. "Je &a"ure o% "Je "es"s Je 4o&.u4"s/
PDQ Fo@e6er, @e mus" remem3er "Ja" e6e&"ua$$C 3o"J "Je sCs"em a&. "Je .a"a i" pro.u4es are 4o6ere.
3C "Je au.i" pro4ess/

>'/ E6i.e&"ia$ ma""er suppor"i&2 %i&a&4ia$ s"a"eme&"s 4o&sis"s o% "Je u&.er$Ci&2 a44ou&"i&2 .a"a a&. a$$
PAQ 4o$$a3ora"i&2 i&%orma"io& a6ai$a3$e "o "Je au.i"or/ TJe au.i"or "es"s PBQ u&.er$Ci&2 a44ou&"i&2 .a"a
PCQ 3C a&a$Csis a&. re6ie@, re"ra4i&2 some o% "Je pro4e.ura$ s"eps %o$$o@e. i& "Je ori2i&a$ a44ou&"i&2
pro4ess a&. PDQ re4o&4i$i&2 "Je e6e&"s @i"J "Je i&%orma"io& repor"e./

>*/ TJe au.i"orUs e6i.e&"ia$ ma"eria$ is "Je resu$" o% "es"s, se$e4"e. o3ser6a"io&s, a&. s"a"is"i4a$ samp$i&2
@Jere $ar2e PAQ 4ompi$a"io&s o% .a"a are i&6o$6e./ TJe au.i"or mus" a$@aCs PBQ 3a$a&4e up "Je &a"ura$
.esire %or more e6i.e&"ia$ ma""er "o suppor" a& opi&io& a2ai&s" PCQ "Je 4os"$i&ess a&. so4ia$ use%u$&ess
o% 4omp$e"e$C re4o&s"ru4"i&2 "Je PDQ u&.er$Ci&2 .a"a a&. pro4esses "Ja" pro.u4e. "Je %i&a&4ia$
s"a"eme&"s/
3. Questions 26-30
Mse "Je @or. 2i6e& i& CA?ITALS a" "Je e&. o% ea4J 2appe. $i&e P>)-!9Q "o .eri6e a @or. "Ja" %i"s a
spa4e/

Bu" @Ja" P>)Q WW is a44ou&"i&2V I" is 6erC .i%%i4u$" "o %i&. a pi"JC S?ECI+IC
.e%i&i"io& "Ja" is a$$-P>8Q WW 3u" @e 4a& saC "Ja" a44ou&"i&2 is INCLMDE
4o&4er&e. @i"J "Je P>(Q WW o% i&%orma"io& i& ?ROVIDE
P>:Q WW "erms "Ja" @i$$ Je$p i& .e4isio&s 4o&4er&i&2 resour4e +INANCE
P!9Q WW, a&. "Je prepara"io& o% repor"s .es4ri3i&2 "Je e%%e4"s ALLOCATE
o% pas" .e4isio&s/
GRAMMAR
I&.ire4" Spee4J
I& .ire4" spee4J @e 2i6e "Je e,a4" @or.s o% "Je spea5er, @Ji$e i& i&.ire4" spee4J @e repor" usi&2 our
o@& @or.s @Ja" some3o.C Jas sai./
Se 4Ja&2e "Je pro&ou&s, &ames a44or.i&2 "o "Je mea&i&2 o% "Je repor"e. se&"e&4e/
-ReOues"s a&. 4omma&.s are repor"e. @i"J "Je i&%i&i"i6e/
_?+en the $oor2@ Ae or$ere$ me to o+en the $oor.
_DonBt fee$ the cat2 Ae tol$ me not to fee$ the cat.

Reported Statements

SJe& "Je mai& 4$ause 4o&"ai&s a 6er3 i& "Je prese&" "e&se "Je 6er3 o% "Je su3or.i&a"e Po3#e4" 4$auseQ
remai&s i& "Je same "e&se as i" @as i& "Je Dire4" Spee4J/

_" bro-e the 7ase yester$ay@. Ae tells me :that= he bro-e the 7ase yester$ay.
SJe& "Je 6er3 i& "Je mai& 4$ause is i& "Je pas" "e&se a$$ "Je "e&ses i& "Je su3or.i&a"e 4$ause mo6e 3a45
i&"o "Je pas"/ P3a45sJi%"Q

?rese&" Simp$e G ?as" Simp$e
?rese&" Co&"i&uous - ?as" Co&"i&uous
?rese&" ?er%e4" - ?as" ?er%e4"
?rese&" ?er%e4" Co&"i&uous - ?as" ?er%e4" Co&"i&uous
?as" Simp$e - ?as" ?er%e4"
?as" Co&"i&uous - ?as" ?er%e4" Co&"i&uous
?as" ?er%e4" - ?as" ?er%e4"
?as" ?er%e4" Co&"i&uous - ?as" ?er%e4" Co&"i&uous
+u"ure Simp$e - +u"ure i& "Je ?as"
+u"ure Co&"i&uous - +u"ure Co&"i&uous i& "Je ?as"

_" $onBt li-e soft roc-.@ C Ae sai$ :that= he $i$nBt li-e soft roc-.
_6eter is rea$ing a boo-.@& Ae tol$ me :that= 6eter !as rea$ing a boo-.
_" ha7e change$ my min$.@ C #he ex+laine$ :that= she ha$ change$ her min$.
-Io.a$ 6er3s 4Ja&2e "oo/
maC - mi2J"
4a& - 4ou$.
mus" - Ja. "o N @as, @ere "o
Ja6e "o - Ja. "o
@i$$ - @ou$.
sJa$$ - sJou$.

_I maC Je$p Cou/` - Fe sai. P"Ja"Q Je mi2J" Je$p me/
-A.6er3s a&. pro&ou&s 4Ja&2e "oo/

Jere - "Jere
&o@ - "Je&
"o.aC - "Ja" .aC
Ces"er.aC - "Je .aC 3e%oreN"Je pre6ious .aC
$as" @ee5 - "Je @ee5 3e%oreN"Je pre6ious @ee5
"omorro@ - "Je &e," .aCN"Je %o$$o@i&2 .aC
&e," @ee5 - "Je &e," @ee5N"Je %o$$o@i&2 @ee5
"Jis - "Ja"
"Jese - "Jose

_" am here.@ & Ae sai$ :that= he !as there.
_"t is raining no!.@ & Ae relate$ :that= it !as raining then.
_4e shoul$ ha7e gone on a tri+5 if the !eather ha$ been fine.@ & ,y frien$ tol$ me :that= !e shoul$
ha7e gone on a tri+ if the !eather ha$ been fine.

Reported Questions

SJe& @e repor" Oues"io&s "Je @or. or.er o% "Je su3or.i&a"e 4$ause %o$$o@s "Je "opi4 o% "Je .e4$ara"i6e
se&"e&4e/

_4here $o you li7eD@ & Ae as-s me !here " li7e.
_4hen are you both lea7ingD@ C Ae !ante$ to -no! !hen !e both !ere lea7ing.
_8re you comingD@ & Ae as-e$ me if " !as coming.
_Do you eat sou+ or notD@ & Ae in9uire$ !hether " ate sou+ or not/
Exercises
I/ Repor" "Je %o$$o@i&2 usi&2 "Je pas" simp$e o% "Je 6er3 i& 3ra45e"s/
aQ _?u" Cour 3a2s i& "Je 4arT` Je sai. "o me/ P"e$$Q
3Q _Do&U" @ai" %or meT` sJe sai. "o Jim/ P"e$$Q
4Q _?$ease .o&U" "e$$ mC pare&"sT` sJe sai. "o us/ Pas5Q
.Q _Ca& Cou $oo5 a" mC essaCV` Je sai. "o Jer/ P@a&"Q
eQ _Cou$. Cou mo6e up a 3i"V` sJe sai. "o "Jem/ Pas5Q
%Q _?$ease .o&U" p$aC mC CDs @i"Jou" as5i&2T` sJe sai. "o Jim/ P@a&"Q

II/ CJa&2e "Je s"a"eme&"s i&"o repor"e. spee4J/
aQ _I am a po$i4ema&/` Fe sai.W
3Q _SeUre &o" s"aCi&2 i& a Jos"e$/` TJeC sai.W
4Q _TJe 3oCs @e&" Jome a" "e& oU4$o45/` TJeC sai.W
.Q _IUm a 6e2e"aria& a&. I .o&U" ea" mea"/` SJe sai. W
eQ _IU6e $os" mC purse/` Ni4o$a sai.W
%Q _I 4a&U" rea. "Je @ri"i&2 o& "Je 3oar./` TJe 3oC sai.W
2Q _SeU$$ pJo&e o& Sa"ur.aC/` TJeC sai.W
JQ _TJe e22s are .e$i6ere. %resJ i& "Je mor&i&2/` SJe sai.W
iQ _I .i.&U" @or5 "Je ear$C sJi%" o& Su&.aC/` Tom sai.W

III/ CJa&2e "Je .ire4" Oues"io&s i&"o repor"e. Oues"io&s/
aQ _SJa"Us Cour &ameV` SJe as5e. meW
3Q _Di. Cou see "Je %i$m o& TV $as" &i2J"V` Fe @a&"e. "o 5&o@ W
4Q _SJere .o Cou 4ome %romV` TJeC as5e. us W
.Q _SJe& are Cou 3o"J $ea6i&2V` Fe @a&"e. "o 5&o@ W
eQ _Do Cou $i5e Cor&@a$$V` TJe repor"er as5e. Ea5e W
%Q _Di. Cou 2o "o Lo&.o& %irs"V` SJe as5e. me W
2Q _Fo@ o$. are CouV` TJe repor"er as5e. me W
JQ _Ca& Cou "ea4J me "o sur%V` Ni4o$a as5e. Jim W
iQ _Si$$ Cou e6er 6isi" Cor&@a$$ a2ai&V` SJe as5e. Ea5e W
:#na+shot 6re&"nterme$iate=
Bibliography
/ A$e,a&.er, L/G/ P:((Q .ongman English Grammar. E.i&3ur2J: ?earso& Lo&2ma&
>/ +re&.o, E/ [ IaJo&eC, S/ P>99*Q English for 8ccounting. Ber$i&: Cor&e$se&
!/ .ongman Business English Dictionary :;00<=5 ?earso& Lo&2ma&
'/ Vi&4e, I/ P>99*Q 8$7ance$ .anguage 6ractice. I4Ii$$a&
*/ Topa$a, V/ P>999Q Dicionar economic englez&rom'n. Bu4ure"i: E.i"ura E4o&omi4=
)/ Topa$a, V/[ ?a"ri4iu, S/ P:::Q Dicionar economic englez&rom'n. Bu4ure"i: E.i"ura
E4o&omi4=
MODULE III
IMPORT EXPORT

Basic Concepts:
Impor", e,por", "ra.e, "ari%%, Ouo"a, au"ar5C, .umpi&2
Objectives:

Specific objectives
a. to provide information and explanations about notions related to international trade;
b. to improve vocabulary related to the field of import and export
c. to revise grammar knowledge about the subjunctive mood

Recommendations:
d. improve your control of grammar and build your vocabulary by practicing different types
of exercises

Expected results:
BEFORE YOU READ
/ SJa" is 4ommer4eV
>/ SJa" 4ommer4ia$ ser6i4es .o Cou 5&o@V
!/ SJC is "Je .is"ri3u"io& o% 2oo.s as impor"a&" as "Jeir pro.u4"io&V

READING

What Commerce is about
As a human activity commerce is concerned with the study of trade - i.e. the moving of the goods
from the seller to the buyer and the aids to trade, of the business units which provide goods and
services.
The goods are almost always produced far away from the place of consumption and their way
from the producer is long and very complicated. Therefore, it is the function of commerce to offer
a link between the stages of this process and the necessary instruments to make it work.

The main functions performed by commerce are as follows:
Trade is the basic commercial activity. It is essentially the exchange of goods and services
between producers and consumers. Trade consists of home/ domestic trade including wholesale
trade and retail trade, and foreign/ overseas trade dealing with import and export trade.
But commerce includes more other functions in addition to trade. Distribution involves getting
goods from the manufacturer to the consumer. Without sophisticated systems for storing goods
and selling them to the consumers, it would be impossible for firms to find customers for their
goods.
Banking and financial services offered by bank and other institutions assist commerce by
providing loans and other services which allow business to function and invest in future
production, and enable consumers to purchase goods and services.
Communication, in both written and electronic form, allows firms to order and sell their goods
efficiently and cheaply. No transaction is possible without communication.
Transport is concerned with the moving of goods by land, sea or air as well as the means
necessary to do it.
Insurance allows risks to be taken without fear of loss. It gives security and stability to commerce
as it enables the business people to survive losses by damage, shipwreck, fire, burglary etc.
Without adequate insurance many enterprises would be too risky to undertake.
Advertising also pays an important part as it enables firms to let prospective customers know
their offer. It includes a wide range of forms from hand-distributed leaflets to highly
sophisticated television commercials.
:>ea$y for Business=


/ SJa" is "Je usua$ .e%i&i"io& o% 4ommer4eV
>/ Fo@ @ou$. Cou .e%i&e "ra.eV
!/ SJa" is mea&" 3C 4ommer4ia$ ser6i4esV
'/ SJa" @aCs o% .is"ri3u"io& 4a& Cou e&umera"eV
*/ SJo is a @Jo$esa$er a&. a re"ai$erV
)/ SJa" .oes impor" "ra.e .ea$ @i"JV
8/ SJa" .oes e,por" "ra.e .ea$ @i"JV

VOCABULARY PRACTICE

/ Gi6e sC&o&Cms %or: 4ommer4e, 4ommer4ia$, %orei2& "ra.e, Jome "ra.e, "o pro6i.e, "o e&a3$e, ai.,
"o assis", prospe4"i6e, 4us"omer, $i&5, 2oo.s/
>/ Ia"4J "Je %o$$o@i&2 @or. @i"J "Jeir 4orrespo&.i&2 .e%i&i"io&s/

/ 2oo.s
>/ ser6i4es
!/ pro%i"
'/ "ur&o6er
*/ s"o45
)/ pro.u4er 2oo.sNi&.us"ria$ 2oo.s
8/ 4o&sumer 2oo.s
(/ 4ommo.i"C
:/ 4o&sumer ou"$e"
9/ "ra.e

aQ "Je mo6i&2 o% 2oo.s %rom "Je se$$er "o "Je 3uCer
3Q "Je amou&" o% mo&eC "Ja" is ma.e 3C a 3usi&ess, e/2/ @Je& i" se$$s some"Ji&2 %or more "Ja& i"
4os"s
4Q ar"i4$es o% "ra.e or 4ommer4e^ @ares, mer4Ja&.ise^ pro.u4"s as oppose. "o ser6i4es
.Q "Je @or5 pro6i.e. %or o"Jers as a& o44upa"io& or a 3usi&ess
eQ i"ems su4J as %oo. or 4$o"Ji&2 pro.u4e. %or "Je %i&a$ 4o&sumer
%Q i"ems mea&" "o 3e use. i& pro.u4i&2 o"Jer pro.u4"s
2Q "Je ra"e a" @Ji4J 2oo.s are so$. a&. res"o45e.
JQ a&C spe4i%i4 mar5e" @Jere 4o&sumers 3uC 2oo.s, su4J as a sJop, a s"ore, a mer4Ja&", a& a2e&4C,
a& ope&-air s"a$$
iQ a& a44umu$a"e. supp$C o% 2oo.s^ "o 5eep a supp$C o% 2oo.s
#Q aQ ra@ ma"eria$ su4J as 2rai&, 4o4oa, 4o%%ee, @oo$, 4o""o&, ru33er
3Q 2oo.s re2ar.e. i& e4o&omi4s as "Je 3asis o% pro.u4"io& a&. e,4Ja&2e

!/ +i$$ i& "Je 3$a&5 4Joosi&2 %rom "Jese @or.s: cash&an$&carry5 chain5 $iscount5 $eman$5
mi$$leman5 o7erhea$s5 security5 stoc-&control5 turno7er5 !holesaler
aQ TJe amou&" o% mo&eC "a5e& P@i"Jou" a&C .e.u4"io&Q or "Je amou&" o% 2oo.s so$. is "Je WW
3Q De4i.i&2 Jo@ ma&C i"ems sJou$. 3e or.ere. @Je& is a ma""er o% WW
4Q A &um3er o% sJops 3e$o&2i&2 "o o&e 4ompa&C is a WW
.Q SJops possess sa%es %or WW
eQ A @Jo$esa$er o%%ers Jis 2oo.s a" a WW "o e&a3$e "Je re"ai$er "o pro.u4e a pro%i"/
%Q A re"ai$er 3uCs Jis s"o45 %rom a WW
2Q TJe 4os"s o% ru&&i&2 a 3usi&ess 4ause. 3C $i2J"i&2, Jea"i&2, re&", @a2es e"4/ are i"s WW
JQ TJe @Jo$esa$er is "Je WW 3e"@ee& "Je ma&u%a4"urer a&. "Je re"ai$er/
iQ TJe e6erC.aC &ame %or a @areJouse %rom @Ji4J "Je re"ai$er 4o$$e4"s "Je 2oo.s Jimse$% is WW
#Q TJere are i&.us"ries @Jere 2oo.s Ja6e "o 3e ma.e se6era$ mo&"Js i& a.6a&4e o% "Je mai& 3uCi&2
%or seaso&a$ WW
:>ea$y for Business=
SPEAKING
/ Gi6e ar2ume&"s proNa2ai&s" %ree "ra.e a&. pro"e4"io&ism/
Ta5e i&"o 4o&si.era"io& as 2ui.i&2 $i&es "Je %o$$o@i&2 Oues"io&s:
SJC .o mos" e4o&omis"s oppose pro"e4"io&ismV
SJi4J are "Je mai& pro"e4"io&is" me"Jo.sV
SJC .o 2o6er&me&"s impose impor" res"ri4"io&s P"ari%%s, Ouo"asQV
GRAMMAR
Subjunctive and Unreal Past

Present Subjunctive:
?rese&" Su3#u&4"i6e is use. mai&$C i& 4er"ai& %i,e. pJrases a&. i& %orma$, imperso&a$ E&2$isJ/ I& more
i&%orma$ $a&2ua2e @e 4ommo&$C use "Je ?rese&" Simp$e or _sJou$.`
Se use "Je ?rese&" Su3#u&4"i6e:
- i& _"Ja"`- 4$auses , a%"er repor" 6er3s, a.#e4"i6es or &ou&s "o e,press p$a&s, ur2e&4C, i&"e&"io&s or
su22es"io&s: The +olice insiste$ the car :shoul$= be mo7e$ imme$iately. The +olice insist the car is E be
mo7e$ imme$iately/
Sor.s o%"e& %o$$o@e. 3C a ?rese&" Su3#u&4"i6e are:
Ver3s: insist5 suggest5 re9uest5 or$er5 recommen$5 +ro+ose5 thin-/
A.#e4"i6es: a$7isable5 essential5 $esirable5 +referable/
Nou&s: $ecision5 insistence5 $eman$5 re9uirement5 con$ition/
- a%"er _i%`: "f he :shoul$= be foun$ E is foun$ guilty5 heBll be Faile$ for ten years/
- a%"er _@Je"Jer`: 4hether she :shoul$= agree E agrees or not5 !eBre going to ha7e to go ahea$/
- a%"er _@Ja"e6er`: 4hate7er his reasons be E are5 they are insufficient to excuse him/
- "Je ?rese&" Su3#u&4"i6e is 4ommo& i& par"i4u$ar pJrases: (ar be it from meGH #o be itGH Be that
as it mayGH #uffice is to sayGH *ome !hat mayGH Aea7en forbi$2H .ong li7e the Iueen.

Past Subjunctive:
Se use "Je ?as" Su3#u&4"i6e P_@ere` i& a$$ perso&sQ i& %orma$ E&2$isJ/ I"s mea&i&2 is simi$ar "o M&rea$
?as":
I% "Je mi&is"er @ere Jere, Je @ou$. &o .ou3" re%u"e "Je a$$e2a"io&s/ Pa %orma$Q
- Jo@e6er, i"Us more 4ommo& "o use _@as` a&. _@ere` i& "Jeir usua$ @aCs: I @isJ Je @as&U" su4J a
3i2Jea./ Pa i&%orma$Q
- _@ere` is 4ommo& o&$C i& "Je pJrase _i% I @ere Cou` a&. i& "Je %orma$ 4o&.i"io&a$ pa""er&
_@ere` ] su3#e4" ] i&%i&i"i6e: I @ou$.&U" ar2ue @i"J Jer i% I @ere Cou/ N Sere "Je 6o"e 2o a2ai&s" me,
IU. resi2&/

Unreal Past:
Se use M&rea$ ?as" or ?as" Su3#u&4"i6e "o .is4uss ima2i&arC si"ua"io&s, "o e,press impossi3$e @isJes,
a&. "o ma5e proposa$s a&. po$i"e reOues"s:
- a%"er _i%` @Je& @e "Ji&5 i" is u&$i5e$C or impossi3$e "Ja" "Je 4o&.i"io& @i$$ 3e %u$%i$$e.: "f she
!ere to eat E ate more often5 she might get to li-e it.
- "o rep$a4e a& _i%`-4$ause @Je& @e ima2i&e pas", prese&" or %u"ure e6e&"s 3ei&2 .i%%ere&": Aa$ he
agree$5 heB$ ha7e become the team ca+tain. E 4ere he to agree5 heB$ +robably become the next coach.
- a%"er _i% o&$C` "o e,press re2re"s a&. %rus"ra"io&: "f only he !ere E !as more a$7enturous. E "f only
" ha$nBt $run- so much coffee2 :J but " $i$=
- a%"er _@isJ` @Je& @e are @isJi&2 %or "Je 6ir"ua$$C impossi3$e/ +or more reaso&a3$e @isJes, @e
4ommo&$C use _@ou$.` or _4ou$.`: " !ish " !erenBt E !asnBt ha7ing the inFection tomorro! :J but "
am= E " !ish "B$ listene$ to you. :J but " $i$nBt=. _Sou$.` is use. @Je& "Je spea5er @a&"s some3o.C or
some"Ji&2 e$se "o 4Ja&2eK " !ish he !oul$ change his min$ an$ marry Lane. E " !ish it !oul$ sto+
raining. TJe use @i"J _@ou$.` is o%"e& use. "o .es4ri3e a& a&&oCi&2 Ja3i": " !ish you !oul$nBt ma-e
such a mess/
- a%"er _@ou$. ra"Jer` a&. _ @ou$. soo&er` "o e,press pre%ere&4es: Do you mean youB$ sooner "
!erenBt E !asnBt hereD H "B$ rather you ha$nBt s+o-en so ru$ely to him/
- a%"er _as i%` a&. _as "Jou2J` @e use ?rese&" a&. ?rese&" ?er%e4" %orms "o su22es" some"Ji&2 is
$i5e$C "o 3e "rue/ M&rea$ ?as" su22es"s i" is u&$i5e$C or u&"rue: The man s+ea-s as if he !as E ha$ ne7er
hear$ of the +lace. Ae acts as though he o!ns E o!ne$ the +lace/
- a%"er impera"i6e _suppose` a&. _ima2i&e` P?rese&" Te&se is a$so possi3$eQ: "magine he !ere to
tell you E tol$ you E tells you his most +ersonal secrets.H #u++ose she !ere to ha7e follo!e$ E ha$
follo!e$ your a$7ice. :J but she $i$nBt=
- a%"er _i"Us "imeW`: "tBs time " !asnBt here.H "tBs time !e left. E "tBs time to lea7e/
Exercises

I/ ?u" ea4J 6er3 i& 3ra45e"s i&"o a& appropria"e %orm:
a/ IU. ra"Jer Cou P&o" @a"4JQ "e$e6isio& @Ji$e IUm rea.i&2/
3/ I"Us Ji2J "ime Cou Ps"ar"Q @or5i&2 serious$C/
4/ I @isJ I Pspe&.Q more "ime s@immi&2 $as" summer/
./ Fe$e& is 3ossC/ SJe a4"s as i% sJe Po@&Q "Je p$a4e/
e/ I @isJ Cou P&o" 5eepQ 4omi&2 $a"e "o 4$ass/
%/ Suppose a 4omp$e"e s"ra&2er P$ea6eQ Cou a $o" o% mo&eC i& "Jeir @i$$T
2/ I @isJ I P2oQ "o Cour par"C a%"er a$$/
J/ TJe 2o6er&me&" .ema&.e. "Ja" "Je am3assa.or P3eQ re4a$$e.
i/ Hou are $u45C 2oi&2 "o I"a$C/ I @isJ I P2oQ @i"J Cou/

II/ Corre4" "Je errorPsQ i& ea4J se&"e&4e:
a/ I @isJ I 3ou2J" "Ja" o$. Jouse/
3/ IU. ra"Jer Cou .o&U" ea" a$$ "Je 3rea./
4/ I"Us "ime I 2o/
./ I @isJ I o@& a mo"or3i5e/
e/ I @isJ @e are &o" $ea6i&2 i& "Je mor&i&2/
%/ Sue @ou$. ra"Jer rea.i&2 "Ja& @a"4Ji&2 "e$e6isio&/
2/ Come 4omes/ IU$$ 3e o& Cour si.e/
J/ I Jope i" @ou$. s"op rai&i&2/
i/ IU. pre%er i% Cou .i.&U" @ai"/
#/ I @isJ I .i.&U" $is"e& "o Cou 3e%ore/
Bibliography
>/ Cu$$e&, V/ [ LeJ&i2er, D/ P>999Q B for Business. Ib&4Je&: Ia, Fue3er Ver$a2
* Topa$a, V/ P>999Q Dicionar economic englez&rom'n. Bu4ure"i: E.i"ura E4o&omi4=
)/ Topa$a, V/[ ?a"ri4iu, S/ P:::Q Dicionar economic englez&rom'n. Bu4ure"i: E.i"ura E4o&omi4=

MODULE IV
STARTING A BMSINESSNTFE BMSINESS ?LAN

Basic Concepts:
Busi&ess, e&"repre&eursJip, so$e "ra.er, par"&ersJip, pri6a"e $imi"e. 4ompa&C, 3usi&ess p$a&
Objectives:

Specific objectives
a. to provide information and explanations about types of companies
b. to improve vocabulary related to types of companies and the business plan
c. to acquire knowledge about how to draw up a business plan

Recommendations:
e. read the texts carefully and try to address the corresponding tasks
f. use the dictionary to improve your vocabulary
g. focus on content and on language use
h. improve your control of grammar and build your vocabulary by practicing different types
of exercises

Expected results:
e. improve students` command of English
f. build up speaking and writing skills
g. practice writing for specific purposes
h. encourage the independent study and self-instruction

BEFORE READING
/ I% Cou Ja. a $ar2e sum o% mo&eC, @ou$. Cou s"ar" Cour o@& 3usi&essV SJCV I% Ces, .es4ri3e i"/
>/ Fo@ @ou$. Cou .es4ri3e a& e&"repre&eurV SJa" s5i$$s @ou$. JeN sJe reOuireV
!/ SJa" sJou$. a 3usi&ess p$a& i&4$u.eV Ia5e a $is" o% "Je mai& aspe4"s Cou @ou$. 4o&si.er i&
@ri"i&2 o&e/

READING

Looking at the Project
Are you up to it?
Be%ore 4arrCi&2 ou" a&C .e"ai$e. @or5 o& Cour propose. 3usi&ess Cou sJou$. 4o&si.er:
-Cour perso&a$ am3i"io&s a&. "Je ro$e o% "Je 3usi&ess 6e&"ure i& "Jeir %u$%i$$me&"
-"Je aspira"io&s o% Cour 4o$$ea2ues a&. @Je"Jer Cou %orm a @e$$-3a$a&4e. "eam
-"Je mar5e" o% Cour pro.u4"
-a rea$is"i4 s"ra"e2C "o e,p$oi" "Ja" mar5e"
You and your management team
I& "Je ear$C s"a2es o% 3usi&ess, Cou a&. possi3$C a sma$$ &um3er o% 4o$$ea2ues @i$$ 3e respo&si3$e %or
a$$ aspe4"s o% "Je 3usi&ess, @Je"Jer i" 3e 4o&4$u.i&2 a ma#or sa$es 4o&"ra4" or e&suri&2 a& a.eOua"e
supp$C o% s"a"io&erC/
+i&a&4iers su4J as 3a&5ers or 6e&"ure 4api"a$is"s @i$$ &o" suppor" a 3usi&ess @Ji4J Jas i&a.eOua"e
ma&a2eme&"/ TJus, Cour 3usi&ess sJou$. 4omprise a 4ommi""e. "eam @i"J 4omp$eme&"arC s5i$$s/ I&
a..i"io&, a si2&i%i4a&" %i&a&4ia$ 4ommi"me&" %rom e&"repre&eurs is reOuire. 3C mos" i&6es"ors/
The market
TJe %irs" "Ji&2 "o 3e 4o&si.ere. is "Je mar5e" i& @Ji4J Cou are 2oi&2 "o opera"e a&. i" is esse&"ia$ "Ja"
Cou sJou$. Ja6e "Je %our ?s o% mar5e"i&2 %i,e. i& Cour mi&./
Your business strategy
Hou sJou$. se" rea$is"i4 o3#e4"i6es %or Cour 3usi&ess a&. .e6e$op appropria"e s"ra"e2ies "o a4Jie6e "Jem/
TJese o3#e4"i6es mus" 3e 4ompa"i3$e @i"J Cour perso&a$ am3i"io&s a&. 6a$ues/ Ios" su44ess%u$
s"ra"e2ies "e&. "o 3e simp$e a&. 4o&4e&"ra"e o& "Je 3usi&essUs s"re&2"Js @Ji$e 3ui$.i&2 a& a.eOua"e
.e%e&4e a2ai&s" i"s @ea5&esses/
Preparing a business plan
A 3usi&ess p$a& is primari$C a ma&a2eme&" "oo$/ I" Je$ps Cou "o %o4us, i& a $o2i4a$ a&. or2a&ise. @aC,
o& "Je %u"ure 2ro@"J o% Cour 4ompa&C/ TJe 3usi&ess p$a& a4"s as a 4o&"ro$ .e6i4e a2ai&s" @Ji4J
ma&a2eme&" 4a& measure a4Jie6eme&"/
An introduction to the business
TJe "@o-pa2e summarC is "Je mos" impor"a&" par" o% "Je .o4ume&", i" sJou$. 3e a 4o&4ise o6er6ie@ o%
"Je 3usi&ess a&. i"s pro.u4"s a&. ser6i4es, i&4$u.i&2 "Je 3a452rou&. o% "Je 3usi&ess, "Ja" is, @Je& i"
@as s"ar"e. a&. "Je Ji2J$i2J"s o% i"s pro2ress, as @e$$ as a& ou"$i&e o% "Je 5eC ro$es o% "Je ma&a2eme&"
perso&&e$, pre6ious %i&a&4i&2 arra&2eme&"s @Jere app$i4a3$e a&. "Je 4urre&" o@&ersJip o% "Je
3usi&ess/
The business`s objectives and related strategy
TJese "ar2e"s @ou$. i&4$u.e "Je $e6e$ o% sa$es, pro%i"a3i$i"C a&. Jo@ mu4J Cou @i$$ "a5e ou" o% "Je
3usi&ess 3C @aC o% remu&era"io&/ Hou sJou$. .es4ri3e Jo@ a&. @Jere Cou p$a& "o se$$ a&. .is"ri3u"e
Cour pro.u4" or ser6i4e/
Hou mus" e,p$ai& @JC 4us"omers @i$$ 3uC %rom Cou a&. .emo&s"ra"e "o prospe4"i6e i&6es"ors "Ja" Cou
u&.ers"a&. Jo@ Cour mar5e" sJou$. 3e se2me&"e., a&. "Ja" Cou Ja6e "Je a3i$i"C "o se$$ a&. .e$i6er Cour
pro.u4" or ser6i4e e%%e4"i6e$C "o "Je 4orre4" "ar2e"s/
TJe pri4i&2 s"ra"e2C a&. po$i4C %or Cour pro.u4" or ser6i4e sJou$. 3e e,p$ai&e., a&. 4ompare. "o Cour
4ompe"i"io&/ SJo@ Jo@ Cour pri4i&2 approa4J @i$$ e&a3$e Cou "o: pe&e"ra"e "Je mar5e", mai&"ai& a&.
i&4rease mar5e" sJare i& a 4ompe"i"i6e e&6iro&me&" a&. ma5e a pro%i"/
The principal activities, products and history
Be%ore $e&.i&2 Cou mo&eC, a po"e&"ia$ sour4e o% %i&a&4e @i$$ @a&" "o 5&o@ a$$ a3ou" Cour pro.u4" or
ser6i4e a&. "Je Jis"orC o% Cour 3usi&ess/

The markets, customers and competition
TJe %i&a&4ier sJou$. 3e 4o&6i&4e. "Ja" "Jere is a .ema&. i& "Je mar5e" %or "Je par"i4u$ar 2oo.s or
ser6i4es o% Cour 3usi&ess, "Ja" Cou 5&o@ Cour pro.u4"s a&. "Je &i4Je "Ja" i" %i$$s i& "Je mar5e" p$a4e a&.
"Ja" Cou Ja6e 4o&%i.e&4e i& "Je pro.u4" a&. ser6i4e/
Hou sJou$. a$so pro6i.e a& a&a$Csis o% e,is"i&2 a&. po"e&"ia$ 4us"omers, "Je mar5e" si0e a&. "re&., a&.
a&C 4ompe"i"io&/
Research and development
Hou sJou$. .es4ri3e "Je s"a2e o% .e6e$opme&" o% "Je pro.u4", 4os"s i&4urre. "o .a"e, a&. "Je e,"e&" "o
@Ji4J %ur"Jer %i&a&4e is reOuire. "o 4omp$e"e .e6e$opme&", "es" a&. es"a3$isJ "Je pro.u4" i& "Je mar5e"-
p$a4e/
The management
Hou sJou$. e,p$ai& Jo@ Cour 3usi&essUs ma&a2eme&" "eam is or2a&ise. a&. .es4ri3e ea4J mem3erUs
primarC ro$e, .emo&s"ra"i&2 Jo@ "Je ma&a2ersU ro$e 4omp$eme&"s ea4J o"Jer/ I&6es"ors are $oo5i&2 %or
a "eam @i"J a 3a$a&4e o% mar5e"i&2, %i&a&4ia$ ma&a2eme&" a&. pro.u4"io& s5i$$s, as @e$$ as e,perie&4e
o% "Je pro.u4" or ser6i4e Cou are .e6e$opi&2/
Major resource requirements
Hou sJou$. 2o i&"o 2rea"er .e"ai$ o& "Je %i&a&4e reOuire., "Je reaso&s %or i" a&. "Je "ime-s4a$e o6er
@Ji4J "Je %u&.i&2 is reOuire./
Financial information
TJe 3usi&ess p$a& sJou$. i&4$u.e "Je %o$$o@i&2 %i&a&4ia$ i&%orma"io&: pro#e4"e. pro%i" a&. $oss
s"a"eme&", 4asJ %$o@ %ore4as"s, pro#e4"e. 3a$a&4e sJee"s, 3rea5-e6e& a&a$Csis P@Jere "Je i&4ome %rom
Cour sa$es is eOua$ "o Cour e,pe&.i"ure o& pur4Jases a&. o"Jer o6erJea.sQ/
Principal risks
TJe 3usi&ess p$a& sJou$. 2o o& "o .es4ri3e "Je i&Jere&" ris5s "o @Ji4J Cour 3usi&ess is 6u$&era3$e a&.
Jo@ Cou i&"e&. "o mo&i"or a&. 4o&"ro$ "Jem/ Hour %i&a&4ia$ pro#e4"io&s sJou$. i&4$u.e "Je se&si"i6i"C
a&a$Cses me&"io&e. a3o6e, Ji2J$i2J"i&2 Jo@ Cour pro%i" a&. 4asJ %$o@ %ore4as"s @i$$ 3e a%%e4"e. 3C %or
e,amp$e: .e6ia"io&s %rom %ore4as" sa$es, a&C 4Ja&2e i& "Je 4os" o% sa$es, a&C possi3$e 4Ja&2es i& "Je
pri4i&2 po$i4C, %$u4"ua"io&s i& i&"eres" ra"es e"4/
The long-term plans of the business
TJis is a& oppor"u&i"C "o se" o3#e4"i6es %or Cour 3usi&ess i& "Je me.ium "o $o&2 "erm, 3ase. o& Cour
%ore4as"s a&. pro#e4"io&s i& "Je sJor" "erm/
Detailed information
+i&a$$C Cou @i$$ &ee. "o i&4$u.e i& appe&.i4es a$$ "Je .e"ai$e. i&%orma"io& o& Cour 3usi&ess p$a& %or
e,amp$e: "Je .e"ai$e. 3u.2e"i&2 s4Je.u$es, assump"io&s, .e"ai$s o% ma&a2eme&", pro.u4" $i"era"ure e"4/
Setting up the business
TJese are "Je 6arious ma""ers @Ji4J @i$$ &ee. 4o&si.era"io& 3e%ore Cour "ra.i&2 e&"i"C 4a& ma5e "Je
%irs" pro.u4", se$$ "Je %irs" i"em or supp$C "Je %irs" ser6i4e: 3a&5 a44ou&"s mus" 3e ope&e., "ra.i&2
premises mus" 3e %ou&., "ra.i&2 "erms mus" 3e se", re$e6a&" au"Jori"ies mus" 3e i&%orme., emp$oCees
re4rui"e. Pi% &e4essarCQ, app$i4a"io&s %or VAT re2is"ra"io& mus" 3e ma.e, $e""erJea.s, i&6oi4es a&.
s"a"io&erC mus" 3e pri&"e., &amep$a"es o3"ai&e., i&sura&4e 4o6er mus" 3e o3"ai&e./
:8$a+te$ from Getting #tarte$=
SPEAKING
/ Dis4uss a3ou" "Je a.6a&"a2es a&. .isa.6a&"a2es o% 3ei&2 a so$e "ra.er, a3ou" "Je a.6a&"a2es a&.
.isa.6a&"a2es o% "Je par"&ersJip a&. a3ou" "Je .i%%ere&4es 3e"@ee& par"&ersJip a&. #oi&" s"o45
4ompa&ies/
>/ Sor5 i& pairs a&. .e4i.e @Ja" sor" o% 3usi&ess Cou @ou$. $i5e "o s"ar"/ Gi6e .e"ai$s 4o&4er&i&2: "Je
"Cpe o% 4ompa&C, "Je pro.u4" or ser6i4e, "Je mar5e", perso&&e$, mar5e"i&2 s"ra"e2ies, premises,
ma4Ji&erC, e"4/

WRITING
Dra%" "Je p$a& o% Cour 3usi&ess/
Bibliography
>/ Cu$$e&, V/ [ LeJ&i2er, D/ P>999Q B for Business. Ib&4Je&: Ia, Fue3er Ver$a2
* Topa$a, V/ P>999Q Dicionar economic englez&rom'n. Bu4ure"i: E.i"ura E4o&omi4=
)/ Topa$a, V/[ ?a"ri4iu, S/ P:::Q Dicionar economic englez&rom'n. Bu4ure"i:
E.i"ura E4o&omi4=

MODULE V
BANKS, STOCKS AND SFARES

Basic Concepts:
Ba&5s, s"o45s, sJares, 4re.i", s"o45 mar5e", .ea$er
General objectives:

Specific objectives
a. to provide information and explanations about banks and the stock exchange
b. to improve vocabulary related to banking
c. to revise grammar knowledge about relative clauses

Recommendations:
i. read the texts carefully and try to address the corresponding tasks
j. use the dictionary to improve your vocabulary
k. focus on content and on language use
l. improve your control of grammar and build your vocabulary by practicing different types
of exercises

Expected results:
i. improve students` command of English
j. build up speaking and writing skills
k. practice writing for specific purposes
l. encourage the independent study and self-instruction

BEFORE YOU READ

/ SJi4J are "Je mos" represe&"a"i6e 3a&5s i& Roma&iaV
>/ SJa" 5i&. o% ser6i4es .o "JeC o%%erV
!/ SJa" 5i&. o% 3a&5i&2 %a4i$i"ies .o Cou useV
'/ SJa" 4Ja&2es Ja6e "Jere 3ee& i& perso&a$ 3a&5i&2 re4e&"$CV
*/ Fas "Je i&"ro.u4"io& o% e$e4"ro&i4 3a&5i&2 Ja. a si2&i%i4a&" impa4" o& 3a&5i&2 a4"i6i"iesV I%
Ces, @JCV
)/ SJa" %ur"Jer 4Ja&2es .o Cou %oresee i& "Je %u"ureV

READING

BRD Romania A Bank for the Future
BRD PTJe Roma&ia& Ba&5 %or De6e$opme&"Q is "Je se4o&. $ar2es" 3a&5 o& "Je Roma&ia& mar5e"/ I"s
Jis"orC 2oes 3a45 "o :>! @Je& "Je Na"io&a$ So4ie"C %or I&.us"ria$ Cre.i" @as %ou&.e./ TJe o3#e4"i6e
o% "Jis pu3$i4 i&s"i"u"io& @as "o %i&a&4e "Je Roma&ia& i&.us"rC/

A44or.i&2 "o "Je &a"io&a$i0a"io& $a@ %rom Eu&e :'8 i" 3e4ame TJe Cre.i" Ba&5 %or I&6es"me&"/ I&
:*8 TJe Cre.i" Ba&5 4Ja&2e. i"s &ame i&"o TJe Ba&5 %or I&6es"me&" a&. i" Ja. a" "Je "ime a
mo&opo$C posi"io& i& "Je %ie$. o% me.ium a&. $o&2 "erm %i&a&4i&2 i& "Je i&.us"ria$ se4"or/

TJe 3ir"J o% BRD as a 4ommer4ia$ 3a&5 o44urre. i& ::9/ TJe 3asis o% i"s a4"i6i"C @as pro6i.e. 3C "Je
"a5i&2 o6er o% "Je asse"s a&. $ia3i$i"ies o% TJe Ba&5 %or I&6es"me&", 3u" i" a$so s"ar"e. ope&i&2 a2e&4ies
a&. su3si.iaries a$$ o6er "Je 4ou&"rC @Ji4J s"imu$a"e. "Je orie&"a"io& "o@ar.s a""ra4"i&2 .eposi"s %rom
4ompa&ies a&. i&.i6i.ua$s 3u" a$so "o@ar.s 2ra&"i&2 i&6es"me&" 4re.i"s %or "ra.i&2 %irms/

BRD @as 4Jose& 3C "Je Roma&ia& 2o6er&me&" "o 3e4ome "Je %irs" pri6a"e 4ommer4ia$ 3a&5/ TJe
a4Ouisi"io& o% "Je ma#ori"C s"o45 3C "Je 2roup So4ie"e Ge&era$e @as %i&a$i0e. i& Iar4J :::/ VerC
soo&, BRD 3e4ame a $ea.er o& "Je mar5e" o% &e@ pro.u4"s su4J as 3a&5 4ar.s a&. 4o&sumer 4re.i"s/

Iiss S/N/ Jas 3ee& @or5i&2 %or BRD %or 9 Cears i& "Je 4re.i" .epar"me&"/ SJe saCs: _?ra4"i4a$$C, IU6e
3ee& 2ro@i&2 up @i"J "Je 3a&5/ A" "Je 3e2i&&i&2, @Je& I 2o" Jire. "Jere, "Je 3a&5 pro6i.e. 4re.i"s
espe4ia$$C %or sma$$, me.ium-si0e a&. s"a"e-o@&e. 4ompa&ies/ I& "ime, re"ai$ 3a&5i&2 Jas .e6e$ope.
@i"J 4re.i"s %or %armers, %or 3ui$.i&2 Jouses a&. pur4Jasi&2 4ars/ La"e$C, @e Ja6e a$so o%%ere.
4o&sumer 4re.i"s, @Ji4J mea&s "Ja" a 3orro@er 4a& 2e" "Je 4re.i" %or a&C perso&a$ &ee.s a&. Je is &o"
reOuire. "o a""a4J a&C #us"i%i4a"io& .o4ume&"s/ Our 3a&5 a$so Jas o"Jer %orms o% %i&a&4i&2 su4J as
%a4"ori&2, %or%ei"i&2, $easi&2 a&. o6er.ra%"/

IC #o3 a" "Je 3a&5 is "o a&a$C0e 4re.i" %i$es a&. "o .e4i.e @Je"Jer "Je 4ompa&C is @or"J 4re.i"i&2 or
&o"/ Su4J a %i$e 4o&"ai&s .o4ume&"s a3ou" "Je 4ompa&C, a %i&a&4ia$ a&a$Csis o% "Je 3a$a&4e sJee" a&. "Je
$as" "ria$ sJee", as @e$$ as a 4ommer4ia$ a&a$Csis o% "Je mar5e" a&. 4ompe"i"io&/ TJe 3a&5 maC a$so as5
%or i&%orma"io& a3ou" "Je asse"s o% "Je 4ompa&C, "Je e6o$u"io& o% i"s sJares o& "Je s"o45 mar5e" or "Je
si"ua"io& o% o"Jer $oa&s "Ja" "Je 4ompa&C mi2J" Ja6e "o re"ur& mea&@Ji$e/ I% e6erC"Ji&2 is O/K/ "Je&
"Je 4ompa&C 2e"s "Je 4re.i"/

Besi.es 4re.i"s %or 4ompa&ies a&. i&.i6i.ua$s, BRD o%%ers a $ar2e ra&2e o% 3a&5i&2 ser6i4es su4J as:
ope&i&2 a44ou&"s, ma5i&2 .eposi"s a&. o"Jer sa6i&2 i&s"rume&"s, 2i6i&2 $oa&s, "ra&s%erri&2 %u&.s,
e,"er&a$ paCme&", e$e4"ro&i4 3a&5i&2/ BRD Jas a @e$$-.e6e$ope. ATI &e"@or5 a$$ o6er "Je 4ou&"rC
a&. i" issues 3o"J 4re.i" 4ar.s a&. .e3i" 4ar.s/ TJe 3a&5 is a$so i&6o$6e. i& "rai&i&2s a&. semi&ars %or
s"u.e&"s a&. 2ra.ua"es i& e4o&omi4s/ _

/ SJa" posi"io& .oes BRD Jo$. o& "Je Roma&ia& mar5e"V
>/ SJa" 5i&. o% 3a&5 is BRDV
!/ SJo o@&s "Je ma#ori"C s"o45 o% "Je 3a&5V
'/ SJa" "Cpes o% 3a&5i&2 ser6i4es .oes BRD o%%erV
*/ SJa" sor"s o% .o4ume&"s .oes a 4re.i" %i$e 4o&"ai&V
)/ SJa" is a 4o&sumer 4re.i"V
8/ I% Cou Ja. a $ar2e sum o% mo&eC a&. @a&"e. "o .eposi" i" i& a 3a&5, @ou$. Cou 4Joose BRDV
SJC CesN &o"V

VOCABULARY PRACTICE
/ Ia"4J "Je %o$$o@i&2 @or.s @i"J "Je 4orrespo&.i&2 .e%i&i"io&s 3e$o@:
aQ 4orpora"e 3a&5i&2 /"Cpe o% $oa& se4uri"C use. %or 3ui$.i&2s
a&.
$a&.
3Q re"ai$ 3a&5i&2 >/ arra&2eme&" 3e"@ee& a 3a&5 a&. a supp$ier
3C
@Ji4J "Je 3a&5 3uCs "Je ri2J" "o 4o$$e4" "Je .e3"s %rom
appro6e. 4us"omers
4Q 4re.i" 4ar. !/ 3a&5i&2 pro.u4"s a&. ser6i4es %or
4ompa&ies
.Q .e3i" 4ar. '/ "Je pur4Jase 3C "Je 3a&5 o% me.ium a&.
sJor"-"erm 3i$$s o% e,4Ja&2e a44ep"e. 3C "Je
.ra@ee i& i&"er&a"io&a$ "ra&sa4"io&s
eQ mor"2a2e */ "Cpe o% 4ar. "Ja" a$$o@s "Je o@&er "o 3e
.e3i"e. 3C "Je 3a&5 @i"J a 4er"ai& sum
a44or.i&2 "o Jis i&4ome

%Q %a4"ori&2 )/ a me"Jo. o% usi&2 a& asse" @i"Jou"
&e4essari$C pur4Jasi&2 i"
2Q %or%ei"i&2 8 3a&5i&2 pro.u4"s a&. ser6i4es %or i&.i6i.ua$s
JQ $easi&2 (/ "Cpe o% 4ar. "Ja" a$$o@s "Je o@&er "o
@i"J.ra@ o&$C as mu4J mo&eC as JeNsJe Jas i&
"Je a44ou&"
SPEAKING
/ Dis4uss "Je %o$$o@i&2 @i"J a par"&er:
Do peop$e usua$$C 3uC or re&" "Jeir Jouses i& our 4ou&"rCV
SJere .o mos" peop$e 2e" "Je mo&eC "o 3uC "Jeir JousesV
SJe& peop$e 3orro@ mo&eC %or a Jouse or %$a", @Ja" is "Je usua$ repaCme&" perio.V Are i&"eres" ra"es
%i,e. or 6aria3$eV

BEFORE YOU READ
/ I% Cou Ja. a $ar2e sum o% mo&eC, @ou$. i&6es" i" i& sJaresV SJC Ces N &o"V
>/ I% Ces, @ou$. Cou use "Je ser6i4es o% a 3ro5erV
!/ Fo@ @ou$. Cou se$e4" Jim N JerV
'/ Do Cou "Ji&5 Cou 4a& use "Je I&"er&e" o& "Jis purposeV

READING

TJe DIH Approa4J
?u""i&2 Cour mo&eC @Jere Cour mou"J is pre""C @e$$ sums up .ire4" i&6es"me&" i& s"o45s a&. sJares/
Hou Ja6e "o pi45 "Je ri2J" s"o45s/ Hou Ja6e "o "ra45 .o@& possi3$e a6e&ues o% resear4J a&. 6i"a$
i&%orma"io& a%%e4"i&2 "Jese sJares/ Hou Ja6e "o .e4i.e o& "imi&2 G @Je"Jer "Jis is %or 3uCi&2, Jo$.i&2
or se$$i&2 sJares/

TJa&5s "o "Je I&"er&e", .ire4" .ea$i&2 i& s"o45s a&. sJares is &o@ mu4J easier %or "Je sma$$er i&6es"or/
CJe45 ou" "Je @e3si"es o% 3ro5era2es o%%eri&2 a& i&"era4"i6e i&"er&e" %a4i$i"C/ TJis is par"i4u$ar$C
impor"a&" %or i&6es"ors $i6i&2 i& .i%%ere&" "ime 0o&es/ Some 3ro5era2e ser6i4es i&4$u.e "Je s4ope %or
4$ie&"s "o "ap i&"o perso&a$ por"%o$io 6a$ua"io&s, a44ess i&.i6i.ua$ sJare pri4es a&. 6a$ua"io&s a&. "Je
$a"es" mar5e" resear4J/

Be%ore rusJi&2 i& "o a&C .ea$ as5 Course$% some esse&"ia$ Oues"io&s/ Is "Je sour4e o% resear4J re$ia3$eV
SJa" o"Jer areas o% 4ompa&C resear4J 4ou$. su3s"a&"ia"e @Ja" Cou Ja6e a$rea.CV Fa6e Cou %a4"ore. i&
e6erC"Ji&2 "Ja" 4ou$. a%%e4" "Je i&6es"me&" G e4o&omi4 "re&.s, mar5e" issues, 4urre&4C ris5 a&. so o&V
SJe& i" 4omes "o a4"ua$$C .ea$i&2, i&6es"ors &ee. "o Jire a s"o453ro5er/ Esse&"ia$$C, "Jere are "@o $e6e$s
o% ser6i4e/ +or "Jose "Ja" are &o" JappC @i"J 4o&%ro&"i&2 some o% "Je Oues"io&s $is"e. i& "Je %irs"
para2rapJ o% "Jis ar"i4$e, a s"o453ro5erUs a.6isorC ser6i4e @i$$ 3e o% mos" i&"eres"/ TJis op"io& pro6i.es
"Je 4Ja&4e "o "a$5 "Jrou2J a&C .ire4" i&6es"me&" 3e%ore i" is ma.e/

Gi6e& "Ja" Cour .e4isio&s maC @e$$ res" upo& su4J a.6isorC sessio&s, i" is esse&"ia$ "o 4Je45 "Je
s"o453ro5erUs 4re.e&"ia$s/ KeC Oues"io&s @i$$ i&4$u.e: Jo@ $o&2 Jas "Je 3ro5erUs 4ompa&C 3ee& i&
3usi&essV SJo are "Je par"&ers, a&. @Ja" is "Je 4ompa&CUs o@& %i&a&4ia$ posi"io&V Fo@ $o&2 Jas "Je
3ro5er 3ee& @i"J "Je 4ompa&CV SJa" is "Je Oua$i"C o% resear4J a6ai$a3$e "o "Je 3ro5erV

O% eOua$ impor"a&4e is "Je %a4" "Ja" "Je re$a"io&sJip 3e"@ee& 3ro5er a&. 4$ie&" is a& i&"ima"e o&e/ Do
Cou %ee$ 4om%or"a3$e @i"J "Je 3ro5erV Does Je "a$5 se&seV Does Jis 6ie@ o% "Je @or$. o% i&6es"me&"s
.o6e"ai$ @i"J Cour o@&V +i&. ou" e,a4"$C @Ja" "Je %ees are per Jour 3e%ore si2&i&2 up, a&. 4Je45 ou"
Jo@ mu4J CouU$$ paC per "ra&sa4"io&/

TJe o"Jer op"io& is "o Jire a 3ro5era2e Jouse o& a& e,e4u"io&-o&$C 3asis/ Broa.$C, "Jis is a ser6i4e
@Ji4J 4arries ou" a$$ "Je .ea$s as i&s"ru4"e. 3C "Je i&6es"or/ A&. "Ja" is i" - c&o resear4J, &o "ips, &o pre-
.ea$i&2 4Ja", a&. &o a.6i4e/ SJop arou&. 3e"@ee& s"o453ro5ers %or "Jis ser6i4e as "Je e,"e&" o% ser6i4es
a&. 4Jar2es 6arC Ju2e$C/

SJe& si2&i&2 up @i"J a 3ro5er, o& @Ja"e6er $e6e$ o% ser6i4e, ma5e sure Je or sJe is a@are o% Cour
s"a"us a&. appropria"e .o4ume&"a"io& is use. so "Ja" "a, is &o" .e.u4"e. %rom .i6i.e&.s/

A&. 3e%ore pu""i&2 pe& "o "Je .o""e. $i&e, i" is 6i"a$ "Ja" Cou 4Je45 @Ji4J re2u$a"orC 3o.C is super6isi&2
"Je 3ro5era2e Jouse/ TJe 4au"ious i&6es"or @ou$. ru& a .ou3$e 4Je45 a&. 4o&"a4" "Je re2u$a"orC
au"Jori"ies "o 4Je45 "Je 4ompa&C is o& "Je au"Jorise. $is"/
M&%or"u&a"e$C, "Jere is a $ar2e u&.er@or$. o% .o.2C sJare sa$es peop$e/ Fo@ "o spo" su4J %rau.s"ers is
&o" a$@aCs easC/ Be@are o% pos"a$ o%%ers su22es"i&2 "Ja" Cou Ja6e 3ee& espe4ia$$C se$e4"e. %or a 4Ja&4e
"o 3uC sJares/ Ne6er e6er respo&. "o a& i&6i"a"io& "o par" @i"J mo&eC "Ja" 3e2i&s @i"J, or sou&.s _"oo
2oo. "o 3e "rue`/ I% i" is, @JC @ou$. "JeC 3e sJari&2 i" @i"J CouV Be 6i2i$a&" o& "Je i&"er&e" as "Jis is a
@Jo$e &e@ p$aC2rou&. %or %rau.s"ers/

TJe MKUs Se4uri"ies [ I&6es"me&" Boar. o%%ers a.6i4e a&. i&%orma"io& "o e&Ouirers o& "Je 3o&a %i.es
o% sJare .ea$i&2 4ompa&ies a&. a$"Jou2J i" maC 3e a 3ore "o $o2 o%% a&. 4Je45, 3e""er "Ja" "Ja& a rip o%%/
:Aannah Beecham=


/ I& @Ji4J @aC .oes "Je i&"er&e" ma5e sJare-.ea$i&2 "ra&sa4"io&s
mu4J easier %or "Je sma$$er i&6es"orV
>/ SJa" 5i&. o% Oues"io&s sJou$. a& i&6es"or as5 Jimse$% 3e%ore ma5i&2 su4J a
.ea$V
!/ SJC is i" &e4essarC "o 4Je45 %irs" "Je s"o453ro5erUs 4re.e&"ia$sV
'/ SJC is so impor"a&" "Je re$a"io&sJip 3e"@ee& "Je 4$ie&" a&. "Je 3ro5erV
*/ SJa" is a 3ro5era2e JouseV
)/ Fo@ 4a& o&e spo" possi3$e %rau.s"ers i& "Je %ie$.V
VOCABULARY PRACTICE

/ +i&. @or.s i& "Je "e," "Ja" mea& "Je %o$$o@i&2:
aQ "o .e"e4" Ppara2rapJ Q
3Q "o 6eri%C Ppara2rapJ >Q
4Q 4apa4ious&ess Ppara2rapJ >Q
.Q "o u&.er"a5e Ppara2rapJ >Q
eQ "o 4o&si.er Ppara2rapJ !Q
%Q "o 4oi&4i.e Ppara2rapJ )Q
2Q Oues"io&a3$e Ppara2rapJ 9Q
JQ 4Jea"i&2 Ppara2rapJ Q
GRAMMAR

Relative Clauses

_Broa$ly5 this Mthe bro-erage houseN is a ser7ice !hich carries out all the $eals as instructe$ by the
in7estor.@ PQ
_B>D5 !hich is the secon$ largest ban- on the >omanian mar-et5 became a commercial ban- in
OPP0.@ P>Q
TJe 4$auses i& i"a$i4s Ja6e "Je %u&4"io& o% .es4ri3i&2 "Je &ou& 3e%ore^ "JeC per%orm, as "o saC, "Je
%u&4"io& o% a& a.#e4"i6e/ Su4J 4$auses are 4a$$e. Re$a"i6e C$auses 3e4ause "JeC _re$a"e` "o "Je &ou& 3C
mea&s o% a re$a"i6e pro&ou&, i& "Jis 4ase @Ji4J/ Re$a"i6e C$auses, $i5e a.#e4"i6es, 4a& .es4ri3e perso&s,
"Ji&2s a&. e6e&"s/
I& se&"e&4e PQ "Je Re$a"i6e C$ause _!hich carries out all the $eals as instructe$ by the
in7estor@ pro6i.es esse&"ia$ i&%orma"io& a3ou" "Je &ou& a&. "Je mai& 4$ause .oes&U" ma5e proper se&se
@i"Jou" i"/ Su4J a re$a"i6e 4$ause is 4a$$e. De%i&i&2 PRes"ri4"i6eQ Re$a"i6e 4$ause/
I& se&"e&4e P>Q "Je re$a"i6e 4$ause _!hich is the secon$ largest ban- on the >omanian mar-et@
pro6i.es a..i"io&a$ i&%orma"io& a3ou" "Je su3#e4" a&. "Jus i" 4a& 3e omi""e./ TJis is @JC i" @ri""e&
3e"@ee& 4ommas/ Su4J a Re$a"i6e C$ause is 4a$$e.: No&-De%i&i&2 PNo&-Res"ri4"i6eQ Re$a"i6e C$ause/
Re$a"i6e C$auses are i&"ro.u4e. "Jrou2J re$a"i6e pro&ou&s su4J as: @Jo P%or peop$eQ, @Ji4J P%or
"Ji&2sQ, "Ja" P%or 3o"JQ, @Jom, @Jose, @Jere, @Je&, @JC Pa44ompa&ie. or &o" 3C preposi"io&s G %or
re$a"i6e 4$auses o% p$a4e, "ime a&. reaso&Q e"4/ _TJa"` is &e6er use. i& &o&-.e%i&i&2 re$a"i6e 4$auses/

Exercises
I/ Re@ri"e "Je %o$$o@i&2 as o&e se&"e&4e usi&2 re$a"i6e 4$auses i&"ro.u4e. 3C @Je&, @Jere or @JC:
/ TJe peop$e I @or5 @i"J are "Je reaso&/ TJis is @JC I @ou$. &e6er 4Ja&2e mC #o3/
>/ TJis is "Je ri2J" mome&"/ Hou Ja6e "o se$$ Cour sJares/
!/ Sa$$ S"ree" is "Je p$a4e/ Ios" s"o45 "ra&sa4"io&s are ma.e Jere/
'/ TJa" .aC o% IaC 4Ja&2e. mC $i%e %ore6er/ I %ou&. ou" "Je& "Ja" I Ja. i&Jeri"e. Y mi$$io& .o$$ars/
*/ ::( is "Je Cear/ I "oo5 a $oa& %rom "Je 3a&5 a&. I 2uara&"ee. @i"J mC Jouse/

II/ CJoose "Je mos" sui"a3$e @or.s u&.er$i&e./
/ SJa" @as "Je &ame o% "Je perso& thatE !hich 3ou2J" Cour o$. 4arV
>/ A$$ "Je .oors @ere ope&, thatE !hich seeme. ra"Jer o../
!/ I @i$$ s"aC Jere "i$$ si,, 3C thatE!hich "ime Ea&e sJou$. Ja6e pJo&e./
'/ 4hate7erE 4hiche7er Cou .o, .o&U" press "Jis re. 3u""o&/
*/ TJis is "Je s4Joo$ @Ji4J " use$ to goE " use$ to go to/
)/ Dri7ing carelesslyE 8s he !as $ri7ing carelessly, "Je po$i4e arres"e. Da6i./
8/ I" seems o.. thatE !hat Cou sJou$. 3e Jere o& Jo$i.aC "oo/
(/ TJis is SopJia, !hoE !hom is "a5i&2 o6er mC #o3 @Je& I $ea6e/
:/ O& "Je Su&.aC, thatE !hich @as mC 3ir"J.aC, @e @e&" ou" %or a mea$/
9/ TJe su44ess o% a sJare. Jo$i.aC .epe&.s o& !hoE !hom Cou sJare i" @i"J/

III/ ?u" o&e sui"a3$e @or. i& ea4J spa4e/
/ Ii.@aC "Jrou2J "Je se4o&. Ja$% Ci"C s4ore. "Jeir %or"J 2oa$, a" @Ji4J poi&" M&i"e. 2a6e up
4omp$e"e$C/
>/ TJere is o&e perso& "o WW I o@e more "Ja& I 4a& saC/
!/ I" @as "Je 5i&. o% a44i.e&" %or WW &o3o.C @as rea$$C "o 3$ame/
'/ WW $ea6es $as" sJou$. "ur& o%% "Je $i2J"s/
*/ IarC @as $a"e Ces"er.aC, WW @as u&usua$ %or Jer/
)/ A" )/99, WW @as a& Jour 3e%ore "Je p$a&e @as .ue, "Ji45 %o2 .es4e&.e./
8/ I .o&U" 5&o@ WW "o$. Cou "Ja", 3u" "JeC @ere @ro&2/
(/ TJe %irs" "ime I sa@ Cou @as WW Cou a&s@ere. "Je .oor/
:/ Irs Bro@& @as "Je %irs" o@&er WW .o2 @o& "Je %irs" pri0es i& "Je same sJo@/
9/ IU6e #us" spo5e& "o Sa$$C, WW se&.s Cou Jer $o6e/

IV/ Re@ri"e ea4J se&"e&4e so "Ja" i" 4o&"ai&s "Je @or. i& 4api"a$s a&. so "Ja" "Je mea&i&2 s"aCs "Je
same/
/ I $i5e Bre&.a, sJeUs mC 5i&. o% perso&/ TFAT
Bren$a is the -in$ of +erson that " li-e.
>/ TJe @Jo$e summer @as su&&C a&. @arm, %or a 4Ja&2e/ SFICF
WW
!/ Eea& @as "Je %irs" perso& I as5e. %or a.6i4e/ SFOSE
WW
'/ No" a si&2$e Jouse i& "Je s"ree" Ja. es4ape. u&.ama2e./ SFICF
WW
*/ TJe& I rea$ise. "Ja" I Ja. $e%" mC @a$$e" a" Jome/ SFEN
WW
)/ I .o&U" rea$$C appro6e o% Jis proposa$/ SFAT
WW
8/ I" is a& e6e&" I @ou$. ra"Jer %or2e"/ SFICF
WW
(/ TJe po$i4e &e6er 4au2J" "Je 4u$pri"/ SFO
WW
:/ I Ja6e rea. a$$ Jer 3oo5s 3u" o&e/ SFICF
WW
9/ TJe %i&.er o% "reasure is e&"i"$e. "o par" o% i"s 6a$ue/ SFOEVER

:,ichael VinceK 8$7ance$ .anguage 6ractice=
Bibliography
1. Cullen, V. & Lehniger, D. (2000) B for Business. Munchen: Max Hueber
Verlag
Pearson Longman
3. Hollinger, A. (2002) Test Your Business English Vocabulary. Bucuresti:
Teora
'/ .ongman Business English Dictionary :;00<=5 ?earso& Lo&2ma&
*/ Vi&4e, I/ P>99*Q 8$7ance$ .anguage 6ractice. I4Ii$$a&
)/ Topa$a, V/P>999Q Dicionar economic englez&rom'n. Bu4ure"i: E.i"ura
E4o&omi4=
8/ Topa$a, V/[ ?a"ri4iu, S/ P:::Q Dicionar economic englez&rom'n. Bu4ure"i:
E.i"ura E4o&omi4=
MODULE VI
INSMRANCE
Basic Concepts:
Insurance, premium, broker, life assurance
General objectives:
Specific objectives
a. to provide information and explanations about insurance and types of insurance
b. to improve vocabulary related to insurance

Recommendations:
m. read the texts carefully and try to address the corresponding tasks
n. use the dictionary to improve your vocabulary
o. focus on content and on language use
p. improve your control of grammar and build your vocabulary by practicing different types
of exercises

Expected results:
m. improve students` command of English
n. build up speaking and writing skills
o. practice writing for specific purposes
p. encourage the independent study and self-instruction
BEFORE YOU READ
/ Fo@ ma&C "Cpes o% i&sura&4e .o Cou 5&o@V
>/ SJa" .oes $i%e i&sura&4e Passura&4eQ mea&V
!/ Fa6e Cou e6er "Jou2J" o% ma5i&2 a $i%e assura&4e %or Course$%N

READING
The Facts of Life

SJe& i" 4omes "o $i%e i&sura&4e, "Jere is a Oues"io& "o a&s@er %irs": .oes i" ma5e se&se "o mi, @Ja" are
"@o .i%%ere&" "Ji&2s G i&6es"me&" a&. i&sura&4eV I% i" is i&sura&4e Cou are a%"er, 2o %or "erm i&sura&4e/
I" $as"s %or a spe4i%ie. "erm G %or e,amp$e, 9, >9 or !9 Cears/ I% Cou .ie .uri&2 "Je "erm, "Jere is a pre-
.e"ermi&e. paC-ou"/ I% Cou sur6i6e, Cou 2e" &o"Ji&2 3a45/ TJere is &o i&6es"me&" e$eme&"/

TJis i&sura&4e is primari$C %or peop$e @Jo Ja6e .epe&.a&"s G spouse, 4Ji$.re& or a&Co&e e$se su4J as
a2ei&2 pare&"s @Jo @i$$ 3e @orse o%% as a resu$" o% Cour .ea"J/ TJe $e6e$ o% 4o6er Cou 3uC @i$$ .epe&.
o& @Ja" e,is"i&2 $i%e i&sura&4e Cou a$rea.C Ja6e P%or i&s"a&4e "Jrou2J Cour #o3Q a&. Cour .epe&.a&"Us
&ee.s/

TJi&5 o% Cour spouse/ Sou$. Je or sJe &ee. a $ump sum, perJaps "o paC o%% a mor"2a2e or a& i&4omeV
I% "Je $a""er, i&sure %or "Je $ump sum @Ji4J @ou$. pro.u4e "Je ri2J" $e6e$ o% i&4ome o& a reaso&a3$C
assume. i&6es"me&" Cie$./ Co&si.er, "oo, @Je"Jer Cou @a&" a po$i4C "Ja" paCs ou" 3e%ore Cour .ea"J i%
Cou su%%er a 4ri"i4a$ .ea"J/ Be @arC o% a& a.6iser @Jo %ai$s "o Oues"io& Cou 4$ose$C o& a$$ "Jese ma""ers/

I% i" is i&6es"me&" Cou rea$$C @a&", are "Jere a&C "a, a.6a&"a2es "o i&6es"i&2 "Jrou2J a MK-3ase. $i%e
po$i4C as oppose. "o, saC, u&i" "rus"sV Do 2e" a.6i4e/ As5 a3ou" suppose. "a, a.6a&"a2es/ Fo@ .o "JeC
@ei2J a2ai&s" possi3$e .isa.6a&"a2esV O&e is i&%$e,i3i$i"C i& "erms o% 6arCi&2 a re2u$ar premium, "Je
"imi&2 o% 4asJi&2 i& "Je i&6es"me&" a&. @Jere Cou 4a& a4"ua$$C i&6es" Cour mo&eC/ A&o"Jer is "Je e,"ra
4os"s o% i&6es"i&2 "Jrou2J $i%e i&sura&4e, i&4$u.i&2 "Je 4os" o% $i%e i&sura&4e Cou maC &o" rea$$C &ee./
Gri$$ Cour a.6iser o& a$$ "Jese ma""ers/

Assess 4are%u$$C "Je rea$i"C o% o"Jer a.6a&"a2es/ Li%e %u&.s maC o%%er 4Jeap s@i"4Ji&2 3e"@ee&
.i%%ere&" %u&.s/ Bu" i& pra4"i4e, are Cou $i5e$C "o 3e a& a4"i6e i&6es"or "ra&s%erri&2 Cour mo&eC %rom
o&e mar5e" "o a&o"JerV Some po$i4ies a$$o@ Cou "o i&4rease "Je $i%e 4o6er a&. .e4rease "Je amou&"
i&6es"e. as Cour 4ir4ums"a&4es 4Ja&2e G Cou 2e" marrie., Ja6e 4Ji$.re&/ Ia5e sure a& a.6iser Jas
"a5e& a44ou&" o% a$$ Cour &ee.s/ +i&. ou" a3ou" "Je pros a&. 4o&s o% 3uCi&2 a 4$us"er o% sma$$ po$i4ies
ra"Jer "Ja& o&e 3i2 po$i4C/ Hou maC @a&" "Je %$e,i3i$i"C "o 4asJ i& some po$i4ies ear$C @Ji$e 5eepi&2 "Je
o"Jers 2oi&2/ SJa" are "Je i&6es"me&" "ra45 re4or.s o% "Je .i%%ere&" $i%e 4ompa&iesV
SJa" %u&.s are a6ai$a3$e %or i&6es"i&2 Cour mo&eCV A&s@er "o a$$ "Jese Oues"io&s 3e%ore 2e""i&2 Cour
$i%e i&sura&4e/
:8$a+te$ from 8nthony Balley=
/ SJa" 5i&. o% $i%e i&sura&4e is "Je au"Jor o% "Je ar"i4$e "a$5i&2 a3ou"V
>/ SJa" e$eme&"s .o Cou Ja6e "o "a5e i&"o a44ou&" @Je& 4Joosi&2 a "Cpe o% $i%e i&sura&4eV
!/ SJa" ris5s are "Jere i% Cou .o&U" "a5e a$$ &e4essarC pre4au"io&sV
VOCABULARY PRACTICE
/ Ia"4J "Je %o$$o@i&2 4o$$o4a"io&s @i"J "Je 4orrespo&.i&2 .e%i&i"io&:
/ a44i.e&" i&sura&4e^ >/ .isa3$eme&" i&sura&4e^ !/ emp$oCerUs $ia3i$i"C i&sura&4e^ '/ %ire i&sura&4e^ */
Jo$i.aC a&. "ra6e$ i&sura&4e^ )/ JouseJo$. i&sura&4e^ 8/ $oss-o%-pro%i" i&sura&4e^ (/ mo"or i&sura&4e^ :/
o$.-a2e i&sura&4e^ 9/pri6a"e Jea$"J i&sura&4e^ / proper"C i&sura&4e^ >/ pu3$i4 $ia3i$i"C i&sura&4e^
!/ si45&ess i&sura&4e^ '/ "Jir. par"C i&sura&4e
aQ 4o6ers ris5s .uri&2 6a4a"io&s, i&4$u.i&2 $oss o% $u22a2e, $osses .ue "o .e$aCs @Ji$e
"ra6e$$i&2, "Je%" or $oss o% mo&eC, "ra6e$$erUs 4JeOues, 4re.i" 4ar.s
3Q 4o6ers "Je ris5s i&6o$6e. 3C 4ompe&sa"io& paCa3$e "o emp$oCees %or su%%eri&2
i&#urC or .isease .uri&2 "Jeir @or5
4Q 4o6ers "Je i&sure. par"CUs ris5s o% su%%eri&2 $oss i& 4o&seOue&4e o% 3ei&2 .isa3$e.
.Q 4o6ers a& o@&erUs ris5 o% Ja6i&2 "o paC 4ompe&sa"io& "o a mem3er o% "Je pu3$i4
@Jo Jas 3ee& i&#ure. or Jas su%%ere. $oss @Ji$e o& "Je premises o% Jis 4ompa&C
eQ 4o6ers ris5s $i&5e. @i"J "Je i&sure. par"CUs $ia3i$i"C "o paC 4ompe&sa"io& "o o"Jer
par"ies "o @Jom Je N sJe Jas 4ause. some i&#urC or $oss
%Q 4o6ers e,pe&ses o% "Je i&#ure. @Ji$e 3ei&2 si45 a&. "Jere%ore u&a3$e "o ear& a
$i6i&2
2Q 4o6ers e,pe&ses o% i&sure. par"C .ue "o a44i.e&"
JQ 4o6ers ris5s $i&5e. @i"J "Je .es"ru4"io& o% proper"C a&. $oss 4ause. "o "Je i&sure.
.ue "o %$ames, $i2J"&i&2
iQ 4o6ers ris5s $i&5e. @i"J s"ru4"ure o% a Jouse, some"imes @i"J "Je "Ji&2s i& "Je
Jouse
#Q 4o6ers "Je ris5 o% a& o@&er o% $osi&2 pro%i" 3e4ause o% 4ir4ums"a&4es 3eCo&. Jis
4o&"ro$
5Q 4o6ers "Je ris5s o% 3ei&2 u&a3$e "o ma5e a $i6i&2 o& a44ou&" o% "Je a.6a&4e. a2e
$Q 4o6ers 4os"s o% .ama2e "o a&. .ue "o "Je i&sure. par"CUs mo"or 6eJi4$e
mQ 4o6ers "Je i&sure. par"CUs e,pe&ses %or pri6a"e me.i4a$ "rea"me&"
&Q 4o6ers a$$ ris5s $i&5e. @i"J "Je i&sure. par"CUs proper"C

Bibliography
Verlag
Pearson Longman
3. Hollinger, A. (2002) Test Your Business English Vocabulary. Bucureyti:
Teora
*/ Topa$a, V/P>999Q Dicionar economic englez&rom'n. Bu4ure"i: E.i"ura
E4o&omi4=
E.i"ura E4o&omi4=
IODMLE VII
COR?ORATE ALLIANCES AND ACdMISITIONS

Basic Concepts:
1oint venture, merger, takeover
General objectives:

Specific objectives
a. to provide information and explanations about types of alliances and acquisitions
b. to improve vocabulary related to mergers and acquisitions
c. to acquire knowledge about writing a report

Recommendations:
q. read the texts carefully and try to address the corresponding tasks
r. use the dictionary to improve your vocabulary
s. focus on content and on language use
t. improve your control of grammar and build your vocabulary by practicing different types
of exercises
Expected results:
q. improve students` command of English
r. build up speaking and writing skills
s. practice writing for specific purposes
t. encourage the independent study and self-instruction
BEFORE YOU READ
/ I& 2roups, .is4uss "Je a.6a&"a2es a&. .isa.6a&"a2es o% "Je 4om3i&a"io&s me&"io&e. a3o6e %or
3o"J 4ompa&ies i&6o$6e. i& "Je pro4ess/
>/ Do Cou 5&o@ a&C par"i4u$ar 4ase o% mer2er, #oi&" 6e&"ure or "a5eo6erV I% Cou .o, 2i6e a$$ "Je
.e"ai$s "Ja" Cou remem3er a&. "rC "o .is4o6er "Je reaso&s @Ji4J $e. "o "Ja" a$$ia&4e or
a4Ouisi"io&/

READING
All Fall Down
A&2rC @or.s a&. 3ruise. e2os are a$$ "oo 4ommo& i& 3usi&ess/ E6e& so, "JeC rare$C 4os" Y> 3i$$io&,
"Je 6a$ue @ipe. %rom "Je sJares i& G$a,o Se$$4ome a&. Smi"JK$i&e Bee4Jam PSBQ @Je& "Je "@o
Bri"isJ .ru2 %irms 4a&4e$$e. "Jeir propose. mer2er o& +e3ruarC >!r., ::(/ TJe 4os" o% "Je 4o$$apse is
s"ar"$i&2: i" e4$ipses "Je "o"a$ 6a$ue o% ma&C o"Jer re4e&" Jea.$i&e-2ra33i&2 3i.s/ TJa" "Je mer2er @i$$
&o" 2o aJea. is e6e& more surprisi&2/ SJe& i" @as a&&ou&4e., "Je .ea$ seeme. "Je a4me o% "Je mer2ers
"Ja" Ja6e s@ep" "Jrou2J Ameri4a a&. Europe i& "Je pas" "Jree Cears/ TJis poses a& a@5@ar. Oues"io&
%or a 3u$$ mar5e" "Ja" Jas i& par" 3ee& %ue$$e. 3C su4J .ea$s/ I% o&e o% "Je mos" praise. mer2ers
4o$$apses, @Ja" .oes i" saC a3ou" "Je res"V

TJe p$a& "Ja" G$a,o a&. SB a&&ou&4e. a mo&"J a2o seeme. $i5e a .ream 4ome "rue/ Eus" @Je& SB Ja.
3ee& 4o&si.eri&2 "Jro@i&2 i& i"s $o" @i"J .u$$ o$. Ameri4a& Fome ?ro.u4"s, "Je Bri"isJ %irm su..e&$C
.is4o6ere. "Ja" "Je $o4a$ 3oC Ja. %a&4ie. i" a$$ a$o&2/ A&a$Cs"s ar2ue. "Ja" G$a,o @as a s"ro&2er ma"4J/
TJeC a$so praise. "Je @aC i& @Ji4J "Je "@o Ja. appare&"$C so$6e. a$$ mos" .i%%i4u$" Oues"io&s, su4J as
@Ji4J %irmUs sJareJo$.ers @ou$. o@& @Ja" per4e&"a2e o% "Je &e@ 4ompa&C a&. @Jo @ou$. 3e "Je
3oss/ No@ SB is pro"es"i&2 "Ja" G$a,o "rie. "o 4Ja&2e "Je "erms a" "Je $as" mi&u"e/ TJe $ar2er %irm .i.
&o" @a&" "o appoi&" o&$C "Je 4Jairma&^ i" @a&"e. G$a,o %o$5 "o .omi&a"e "Je 3oar./

G$a,o a&. SB Ja. seeme. "o "Cpi%C re4e&" .ea$s i& se6era$ @aCs/ +irs", i"s 6erC si0e o% @e$$ o6er 99
3i$$io& pou&.s @as em3$ema"i4/ Ne,", "Je G$a,o-Smi"JK$i&e .ea$ @as "Cpi4a$ i& "Ja" i" $i&5e. %irms
%rom "Je same i&.us"rC/ TJeC "Jou2J" "Ja" i& 4om3i&a"io& "Jeir 4orpora"e Jea.Ouar"ers @ou$. 3e $ea&er
a&. "Jeir $a3ora"ories s"ro&2er/

A2ai&, "Jis .ea$ @as "Cpi4a$ o% mer2ers "Ja" u&i"e %irms a" .i%%ere&" poi&"s i& "Je pro.u4"io& 4Jai&/ Dru2
%irms Ja"e a.mi""i&2 "Ja" "JeC .o a&C"Ji&2 as u&me.i4a$ as _mar5e"` "Jeir me.i4i&es, 3u" SB $i5e.
G$a,o par"$C 3e4ause o% i"s e&er2e"i4 sa$es %or4e/

G$a,o-Smi"JK$i&e is &o $ess re6ea$i&2 i& i"s u&.oi&2/ +or a" %irs" si2J" i" seems "o 4o&%irm "Je 6ie@ "Ja"
mer2ers are i&spire. more 3C "Je e2os o% ma&a2ers "Ja& a .esire "o 4rea"e 6a$ue/ Repor" a%"er repor" Jas
sJo@& "Ja" mer2ers o& a6era2e %ai$ "o 3e&e%i" sJareJo$.ers, espe4ia$$C sJareJo$.ers i& 4ompa&ies "Ja"
are 3uCi&2 ra"Jer "Ja& 3ei&2 3ou2J"/ TJe reaso&s 6arC/ Bu" "Je mos" 4ommo& pro3$em, a44or.i&2 "o
e4o&omis"s @Jo Ja6e s"u.ie. mer2ers i& Ameri4a a&. Bri"ai&, Jas 3ee& "Ja" "Je aims o% o@&ers a&.
ma&a2ers are misa$i2&e./ Ia&a2ers @a&" "o 3ui$. empires^ sJareJo$.ers, &umerous a&. u&or2a&ise.,
Ja6e o%"e& 3ee& po@er$ess "o s"op "Jem/

I&"ri2ui&2$C, e6e& "Je appare&"$C .isas"rous 4o$$apse o% G$a,o-Smi"JK$i&e Ji&"s "Ja" ma&a2ers mi2J" 3e
3eJa6i&2 more $i5e sJareJo$.ers/ A$"Jou2J "Je .ea$ @as %e"e. 3C a&a$Cs"s, "Je re4or. o% .ru2s mer2ers
is &o 3e""er "Ja& "Ja" o% mer2ers i& 2e&era$/ TJe &e@ G$a,o-Smi"JK$i&e .epe&.e. %or i"s su44ess o& "Je
4o$$a3ora"io& o% s4ie&"is"s a&. ma&a2ers %rom 3o"J 4ompa&ies/ A" a .rea.%u$ 4os" "o "Jeir repu"a"io&s,
SBUs ma&a2ers appear "o Ja6e 4o&4$u.e. "Ja" "Jis is impossi3$e/ Ioreo6er, "JeC Ja6e .o&e so "o.aC
ra"Jer "Ja& i& a %e@ CearsU "ime, @Je& "Je 4os" "o sJareJo$.ers mi2J" Ja6e 3ee& %ar Ji2Jer/ TJe 3i22es"
mer2ers o% "Je :(9s @e&" @ro&2 a%"er "JeC Jappe&e./ TJe 3i22es" 4orpora"e marria2e o% "Je ::9s Jas
%a$$e& apar" @i"Jou" e6e& ma5i&2 i" "o "Je a$"ar/ TJa"Us pro2ress/
:#hortene$ an$ a$a+te$ from The Economist=
/ SJC .i. G$a,o Se$$4ome a&. Smi"JK$i&e Bee4Jam @a&" "o mer2eV
>/ SJC .i. "Jeir i&"e&"io& o% mer2i&2 %ai$V
!/ SJa" are "Je 2e&era$ 4auses %or "Je %ai$ure o% mer2ers i& "Je opi&io& o% a&a$Cs"sV
'/ SJa" is Cour perso&a$ opi&io& a3ou" i"V
*/ SJC is "Je mer2er 4ompare. "o a @e..i&2 i& "Je $as" para2rapJ o% "Je ar"i4$eV

VOCABULARY PRACTICE
/ +i&. @or.s i& "Je "e," "Ja" mea& "Je %o$$o@i&2:
aQ Jur", o%%e&.e. Ppara2rapJ Q
3Q ama0i&2 Ppara2rapJ Q
4Q 4$ima,, pea5 Ppara2rapJ Q
.Q o%%er Ppara2rapJ Q
eQ risi&2 s"o45 mar5e" Ppara2rapJ Q
%Q se4"io& Ppara2rapJ >Q
2Q Jea$"Ji$C "Ji& Puse. %i2ura"i6e$CQ Ppara2rapJ !Q
JQ "o 3e 4e$e3ra"e., "o 3e %eas"e. Ppara2rapJ )Q

SKILLS FOCUS
WRITING
A Report
/ Rea. "Je %o$$o@i&2 repor" @ri""e& 3C a mem3er o% "Je ?erso&&e$ Depar"me&" %or Jis 3oss 4o&4er&i&2
a 4Ja&2e "o %$e,i3$e @or5i&2 Jours %or o%%i4e perso&&e$ a&. ma"4J "Je %o$$o@i&2 Jea.$i&es @i"J "Je
par"s o% "Je repor":
aQ TJe _3o.C` o% "Je repor"
3Q TJe .a"e
4Q TJe &ame o% "Je perso& @Jo @ri"es "Je repor"
.Q TJe i&"ro.u4"io&
eQ TJe su3#e4" o% "Je repor"
%Q TJe re4ei6er o% "Je repor"
2Q TJe 4o&4$usio& o% "Je repor" a&. perso&a$ re4omme&.a"io&s
JQ A..ressi&2 %ormu$a
iQ E&.i&2 %ormu$a

+ROI: A&& EoJ&so&, Fea. o% ?erso&&e$ Assis"a&" PQ
TO: Geor2e Si$so&, Fea. o% ?erso&&e$ P>Q
SMBEECT: Rea4"io& "o "Je 4Ja&2e "o %$e,i3$e @or5i&2 Jours P!Q
DATE: IaC '
"J
, >99! P'Q
Ir/ Si$so&, P*Q

Fere Cou Ja6e mC pre$imi&arC repor" o& "Je i&i"ia$ rea4"io&s o% "Je s"a%% re2ar.i&2 "Je
possi3i$i"C o% imp$eme&"i&2 %$e,i3$e @or5i&2 Jours %or o%%i4e perso&&e$/ P)Q
Some o% "Je s"a%% a2ree. "Ja" a %$e,i3$e s4Je.u$e @ou$. Ja6e a posi"i6e e%%e4" o& "Jeir a4"i6i"C,
su4J as "Je se4re"aries, "Je A44ou&"s Depar"me&", "Je sa$es reps, a&. mos" o% "Je mem3ers o% "Je
Ge&era$ A.mi&is"ra"io& O%%i4e/ TJere is, Jo@e6er, a $ar2e par" o% "Je s"a%% @Jo 6o"e. a2ai&s" su4J a
pro4e.ure/ TJe peop$e %rom Da"a ?ro4essi&2 Ja6e "o @or5 i& "eam, so %$e,i3$e Jours @ou$. 3e a s"ro&2
impe.ime&"/ TJe s"a%% %rom "Je 4a&"ee& a&. se4uri"C 4omp$ai&e. a3ou" Ja6i&2 "o @or5 $o&2er Jours/
TJe s"ro&2es" &e2a"i6e rea4"io& 4ame %rom "Je O%%i4e Ia&a2er @Jo empJasise. "Je %a4" "Ja" %$e,i3$e
@or5i&2 Jours @ou$. 4er"ai&$C $ea. "o 4Jea"i&2 a&. a3usi&2 "Je sCs"em a&. @ou$. imp$C $a45 o%
super6isio& a&. more e,pe&ses/ P8Q
IC re4omme&.a"io& is "Ja" a "Jree-mo&"J "ria$ perio. sJou$. 3e imp$eme&"e., .uri&2 @Ji4J a&
i&%orma"io& sessio& @i$$ 3e Je$. a" $eas" e6erC "@o @ee5s i& or.er "o 3e""er mo&i"or pro.u4"i6i"C a&.
pro2ress/ P(Q
A&& EoJ&so& P:Q

The report resem3$es "Je memo a $o"/ I" is a$so a& i&"er&a$ i&%orma$ 4ompa&C .o4ume&", 3u" i" maC 3e
$o&2er "Ja& "Je memo a&. i" usua$$C 4o&"ai&s more .e"ai$s/ I" is 2e&era$$C a& i&%orma"i6e .o4ume&",
prese&"i&2 "Je resu$"s o% a resear4J, a pro#e4" or a mee"i&2 .epe&.i&2 o& "Je si"ua"io&/ I" sJou$. 3e 4$ear,
4o&4ise a&. 4oJere&"^ "Jis is @JC i" is a.6isa3$e "o @ri"e %irs" a .ra%" i& @Ji4J "o s"a"e 6erC 4$ear$C "Je
su3#e4" a&. "Je purpose o% Cour repor" a&. "o summari0e Cour %i&.i&2s as @e$$ as Cour
re4omme&.a"io&s/ Do&U" %or2e" "o use $i&5i&2 .e6i4es a&. "o 4Je45 "Je spe$$i&2, "Je pu&4"ua"io& a&. "Je
s"C$e a" "Je e&./

>/ Ima2i&e "Ja" Cou @or5 i& "Je Resear4J a&. De6e$opme&" Depar"me&" o% "Je %amous I4Do&a$.Us
4ompa&C/ Hour 3oss, "Je Fea. o% "Jis .epar"me&", as5e. Cou "o ma5e a resear4J pro#e4" 4o&4er&i&2 a
possi3$e 4o$$a3ora"io& 3e"@ee& Cour 4ompa&C a&. a Roma&ia& 4o&s"ru4"io& 4ompa&C i& or.er "o ope& a
&e@ I4Do&a$.Us su3si.iarC i& Cour &a"i6e "o@&/ Hou Ja6e "o "a5e i&"o a44ou&" "Je area, "Je
e4o&omi4a$ si"ua"io& o% "Je 4o&s"ru4"io& 4ompa&C as @e$$ as "Je 4os"s o% "Je i&6es"me&" a&. "Je
.esira3$e pro%i"/
Sri"e a repor" "o Cour 3oss prese&"i&2 "Je resu$"s o% Cour resear4J/

Bibliography
Verlag
Pearson Longman
3. Hollinger, A. (2002) Test Your Business English Vocabulary. Bucureyti:
Teora
*/ Topa$a, V/P>999Q Dicionar economic englez&rom'n. Bu4ure"i: E.i"ura
E4o&omi4=
E.i"ura E4o&omi4=

GLOSSSARY
MODULE 1
advertise verb
advertisement noun
auction verb
be in the market for something
bid noun, verb
billboard noun
brand noun
buy noun, verb
cold calling noun
commercial noun
consumerism noun
customer noun
customize noun
discount noun
distributor noun
endorse verb
flier verb
freebie noun
label noun
leaflet noun
market noun
promote verb
public relations
publicity noun
shopping noun
wrap verb

MODULE 2
accountancy noun
accountant noun
account noun
accounts payable plural noun
accounts receivable plural noun
asset noun
audit verb, noun
auditor noun
balance noun
balance sheet noun
bookkeeper noun
budget noun
capital noun
cash flow, cashflow noun
certified public accountant noun
cost noun
creative accounting noun
credit noun
deficit noun
fee noun
finance verb
invoice noun
liabilities plural noun
purchasing power noun
subsidise verb
tax noun
turnover noun

MODULE 3
barter noun
benchmark noun
bill of lading noun
cargo noun
Incoterm noun
letter of credit noun
trade noun
voucher noun

MODULE 4
articles of association noun
business plan noun
partnership noun
private limited company noun
public limited company noun
sole trader noun
SW! analysis

MODULE 5
amortisation noun
"!# noun
bank noun
bankruptcy noun
bond noun
borrow $%&'&I(&) verb
broker noun
checkbook noun
collateral noun
credit card noun
debit card noun
deposit noun
dividend noun
electronic banking noun
e*uity noun
exchange rate noun
flotation noun
internet banking noun
leveraged buyout noun
mortgage noun
merchant bank noun
overdraft noun
stock exchange noun
venture capital noun

MODULE 6
actuary noun
annuity noun
assure verb
assurance noun
claim noun
cover note noun
health insurance noun
indemnity noun
insure verb
insurance noun
life insurance noun
policy noun
premium noun
third+party insurance
underwriter noun

Limba Engleza Anul II

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