Podiomefric dofing

A fime mochine fo fhe posf

U-Pb method
Boltwood studied "radioactive series," and found
that lead was always present in uranium and
thorium ores. He believed that lead must be the
final product of the radioactive decay of uranium
and thorium.
A few years later, in 1907, he reasoned that
since he knew the rate at which uranium breaks
down (its half-life), he could use the proportion
of lead in the uranium ores as a kind of meter or
clock.
His observations and calculations put Earth's
age at 2.2 billion years. This was a dramatic
increase in the estimate of Earth's age for the
time.
Radiometric dating
He accumulation method
Podioocfive decoy
hoIf-Iifes, T
I/Z
if if is possibIe fo defermine fhe rofio of fhe PAPEMT ond
DAU0HTEP ofoms, if is fhen possibIe fo defermine how Iong
ogo fhe decoy process sforfed oge deferminofion
Podioocfive decoy
hoIf-Iifes, T
I/Z
Podiomefric dofing
Podiomefric dofing
Podioocfive decoy
Pofe of decoy is
proporfionoI fo fhe
number of decoying
nucIei
Infegrofe fo find fhe
chonge in M wifh
fime
dN
dt
N
dN
N
dt
= decay constant = decay constant
Podioocfive decoy
Infegrofe:
Find M(f):
N
o
N t ( )
N
1
N

d
0
t
t

d
Porenf-Doughfer
sysfem:
N = N
N = N
0
0
e
e
-
-

t
t
D = D
D = D
0
0
+
+
N(e
N(e

t
t
-
-
1)
1)
Decay of radionuclide (N) to stable radiogenic daughter (D*) Decay of radionuclide (N) to stable radiogenic daughter (D*)
N = N N = N
0 0
e e
- - t t
D* = N D* = N
0 0
- - N N
D* = N D* = N
0 0
- - N N
0 0
e e
- - t t
D* = N D* = N
0 0
(1 (1 - - e e
- - t t
) )
t = ln(1 + D*/N
0
)/
Auflsen Auflsen nach nach t: t:
Decay Series
Decay Series
N N
1 1
: half : half- -life = 1 hour life = 1 hour
N N
2 2
: half : half- -life = 5 hours life = 5 hours
N N
3 3
: stable : stable
Radioactive decay and growth in a three Radioactive decay and growth in a three- -component series component series
Decay Series
Decay Series
Radiochemical equilibrium Radiochemical equilibrium
is established after several is established after several
half half- -lifes lifes of N of N
2 2
Decay of a long Decay of a long- -lived parent N lived parent N
1 1
to a short lived daughter N to a short lived daughter N
2 2
(similar to U (similar to U- -Pb decay Pb decay- -chain) chain)
Neutron Activation
Neutron Activation
Irradiation was terminated after Irradiation was terminated after
three half three half- -lives and the activity lives and the activity
then decreased at a rate then decreased at a rate
determined by the half determined by the half- -life of life of
the produced radionuclide the produced radionuclide
Increase of activity of a product nuclide produced by a nuclear Increase of activity of a product nuclide produced by a nuclear
irradiation reaction irradiation reaction
(similar to (similar to
39 39
Ar produced from Ar produced from
39 39
K) K)
I. Pofossium-40 - Argon-40
Z
3. Uronium-Z3b - Leod-Z07
4. Uronium-Z38 - Leod-Z0o
b. Thorium-Z3Z - Leod-Z08
. Pubidium-87 - Sfronfium-87
Mefhods reIying on fhe decoy of nofuroIIy
occurring rodiogenic isofopes:
0eochronoIogy
Porenf isofope Doughfer isofope
Podiomefric dofing
CIocks in fhe rocks
(environmenfoI rodiofion)
Mefhods reIying on fhe isofopes produced
by cosmic roys:
Mefhods reIying on disequiIibrium wifhin fhe
U-series decoy choin
Cosmogenic isofopes
Ofher mefhods
I. Trifium
Z. Corbon-I4
3. 8eryIIium-I0
4. AIuminium-Zo
b. ChIorine-3o

Leod-ZI0
Podiomefric dofing
Podiomefric dofing
Mefhod is bosed on some ossumpfions:
Prior fo sompIe formofion, moferioI wos free
fo move - moIfen
A rodioocfive nucIide porenf (M) wiII uIfimofeIy
decoy fo o doughfer species (D)
Meosuremenf of fhe D/P rofio ond knowIedge
of fhe f
I/Z
of fhe porenf wiII give on
esfimofe of fhe oge of fhe sompIe
oge ~ In(I + D/M)/
Podiomefric dofing
Mefhod is resfricfed fo mineroIs which:
SfiII confoin some of fhe porenf nucIei
AIIowed for no goin or Ioss of D or M os fime
possed
InifioIIy confoined no D (or D
0
musf be known)
Assumptions inherent in radiometric dating
1) The values of N and D have changed only
as a result of radioactive decay, i.e., the
system is closed chemically
2) The isotopic composition of the parent was
not altered by fractionation at the time of
formation of the rock
3) The decay constant is known accurately
4) The isochron is not a mixing line
5) The analytical data are accurate