CARPENTRY AND JOINERY

Timber Generally
Timber shall be sound, free from large shakes, waney edges, loose or dead knots, worm or other
defects, of reasonably straight grain and at least eighty-five percent (85%) heartwood.

Timber may be either air-seasoned or kiln-seasoned and must be free from seasoning defects
when delivered to the works.

Moisture content of all timbers used in the works shall not be more than twenty percent (20%)
for Carpenter's work and fifteen percent (15%) for Joiner's work.

Sizes stated shall be nominal unless otherwise described, Make allowance of 3/16" for each
dressed face.

Decorative Laminated Plastic
The laminated plastic shall be 1/16" Thick thermosetting arborite or best grade formica single
sides as selected by the Engineer from the range of colours fixed with adhesive, recommended
by the manufacturer.

Adhesive
The adhesive for laminated plastic veneers shall be as recommended by the manufacturers for
the relevant materials, and shall comply with BS 745:1969 or BS 1204.

Cedar
Canadian cedar shall be best imported quality.

Pitchpine
Pitchpine shall be best imported quality.

Hardwood
Hardwood shall be best local quality approved by the Engineer.

Plywood
Plywood shall be marine ply or equal and approved to conform to BS 4079:1966 Grade "B" for
paint finish, "C" where covered with laminated plastic sheeting veneer bonded with "weather
and boil proof: synthetic resin adhesive unless otherwise specified.

Particle Board
Particle Board shall comply with appropriate British Standard and be termite proof.

Termite Timber
Great against termite attack by pressure/vacuum impregnation with an approved preservative in
order to obtain a minimum net dry salt retention of 0.23 kg per cubic metre of timber in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

Where cross-cutting or boring of treated timber is unavoidable, liberally swab or dip treat all
exposed faces with an approved preservative such as Walmanol" containing a dye for checking
purposes.


CARPENTRY AND JOINERY

50
Exposed Faces
Timber which is to be exposed in the finished work shall be "dressed" unless otherwise
described.

All joinery that is to be painted shall be knotted and primed with the primer before being fixed.
This applies particularly to the covered up or hidden part of joinery work.

Prices for Carpenter's work and Joiners' work shall include for all labours, cuttings, splays,
notchings, halving to other timbers, morticing, tenoning and wedging, hardwood pins, gluing and
marking joints with lead plugging to concrete or blockwork where so described and for all short
lengths, unless specifically measured separately.

Prices for timbers described as "screwed" shall include for screws but for timbers described as
"bolted" the bolts and holts are measured separately. Prices for timber s described as "plugged to
blockwork" shall include for all cutting or drilling and plugging of blockwork and for timbers
described as "plugged to concrete" for cutting or drilling and plugging of concrete or for casting
in fixing blocks.

The use of an approved system of fixing to blockwork or concrete with special nails, screws or
bolts inserted with spring, cartridge or power tools will be permitted in lieu of plugging and if
approved by the Engineer.

Natural Finish
When natural finish or finish for staining, clear polish or varnishing is specified, the timber in
adjacent pieces shall be matched, or uniform, or symmetrical in colour and grain.

Shrinkage
Arrange, joint and fix all joinery work in such a manner that shrinkage in any part and in any
direction shall not impair the strength and appearance of the finished work and shall not cause
damage to adjoining materials of the finished work and shall not cause damage to adjoining
materials or structure.

Joints
Construct joinery exactly as shown on the Engineer's details. Where joints are not specifically
indicated they shall be the recognised forms of joints for each position. all glued joints shall be
cross-tongued.

Tolerance
Provide reasonable tolerance at all connections between joinery work and the building carcass
so that any irregularities, settlements or other movements shall be adequately compensated for.

Fabrication
Put in hand all joinery work immediately on commencement of the works and store in a dry
place and put together without wedging up for the inspection and approval of the Engineer.

Joinery Work
The Joiner is to take all measurements for the joinery work from the Engineer's drawings. The
Contractor to be responsible for checking the dimensions and achieving accurate opening sizes.
All joinery, unless specifically stated otherwise shall be "fixed-in".
CARPENTRY AND JOINERY

51
Joinery works shall not be fixed in position until after all floors, walls and ceiling surfaces have
been formed and constructed, unless otherwise specified.

Where joinery works are shown "fixed-in" or inserted in the positions, they are to occupy after
the surrounding or enclosing carcass has been constructed. It shall be the responsibility of the
Contractors to ensure that the necessary fixings are incorporated in the carcass. Alternatively, the
Contractor shall construct such ground works as are required to provide a suitable base and
fixing for the joinery work. Spaces behind and enclosed by such ground works shall be filled in
solid with plaster.

Where joinery works are shown built-in or erected in position before the surrounding or
enclosing works of the main carcass have been carried out, it shall be the responsibility of the
joinery to ensure that works are set plumb and true, and shall not be damaged or be displaced by
subsequent operations.

Where necessary, the joinery shall be temporarily braced and encased. The joiner shall also
provide and secure suitable anchors or other fixings so that those may be "built-in" to the carcass
while it is being constructed. The anchorage connections shall be constructed so that they shall
permit settlements in the building carcass without stressing or otherwise loading the joinery
work.

The Contractor shall perform all necessary tenoning, grooving, tonguing, housing, rebating and
all other works necessary for the correct jointing. He shall provide all metal plates, screws, nails
and other fixings that may be ordered by the Engineers, that may be necessary for the proper
execution of the works, unless otherwise stated.

Joints
All joints are to be the type specified or as most appropriate in the circumstances. The joints shall
be designed and secured so that the stresses to which they are subjected may be either resisted or
compensated. Loose joints are to be made where provision must be made for shrinkage or other
movements acting other than in the direction of the stresses of fixing or loading. Glued joints are
to be used where provision need not be made for shrinkage or other movements in the
connections, and where sealed joints are required. All glued joints shall be cross tongued or
otherwise reinforced.

All joinery that is to be painted shall be twice knotted before painting.

Holes
All nails, sprigs, etc, are to be punched, holes to be filled for work to be painted, holes left
unfilled for work to be waxed or oiled.

Scribing
All architraves, plates, beds, etc, and other joinery works shall be accurately scribed to fit the
contours or any irregular surface against which they may be required to form a close butt
connection.

Fixing of Timbers
All timber framing shall be fixed to blockwork or concrete with Toggle Bolts.

CARPENTRY AND JOINERY

52
Plugs and Toggle Bolts
"Rawl plugs" or equal are to be used for all plugging.

The price for plugs shall include for drilling holes in concrete and blockwork.

Toggle bolts shall be galvanised with plastic washers and of approved manufacture. Bolts shall
be of correct length to fall correctly into the various cavities.

Adhesives
All adhesives shall be proof against mycological and insect attack.

Ironmongery
In all cases, the Contractor is responsible for allowing adequate joinery members for fixing
ironmongery as scheduled.

All ironmongery shall be of the best quality, and the shape, size and manufacture shall be of a
kind particularly made for the work for which it is to be applied.

The Contractor is to allow for fixing all ironmongery not measured in the Bill of Quantities.

All ironmongery is to be fixed with screws, which are to be of the same metal and finish as the
fittings. All screws damaged when driven by the turn-screw or by any other cause shall be
removed and replaced by undamaged ones.

All fixing holes in the fittings shall receive screws of the appropriate type, size and material.

Ironmongery shall be marked or removed when painting, varnishing, etc, or when rough trades
are being carried out in the vicinity and subsequently refixed.