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ABSTRACT
Industries with technological standards can be highly competitive and innovative.
The modern approach to Innovation Economics understands that technology
standards, the competitive conduct of rms, and the economic performance of in-
novative industries are endogenous and jointly determined. Market competition
and standards organizations endogenously determine technology standards, which
are consistent with innovative efciency. This contrasts with traditional Innovation
Economics, which can be summarized as a Standards-Conduct-Performance
paradigm. The traditional view, which is reminiscent of the traditional Industrial
Organization Structure-Conduct-Performance paradigm, incorrectly assumes
that technology standards are exogenous and cause imperfectly competitive
conduct and inefcient economic performance. Instead, studies of innovation
should apply game-theoretic models that account for strategic interaction and em-
pirical tools that control for the interplay among technology standards, competitive
conduct, and economic performance.
JEL: D40; O31; L10
I. INTRODUCTION
Modern Innovation Economics (IE) offers a fundamental insight: technology
standards, the competitive conduct of rms, and the economic performance of
innovative industries are endogenous and jointly determined. This implies that
technology standards generally do not confer market power on intellectual
property (IP) owners because of the strategic interaction of innovative rms,