Automotive Industry in India - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

5/6/2014 Automotive industry in India - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_India 1/31
Chennai is home to around 35-40% of
India's total automobile industry and
for this reason it is known as the
Detroit of Asia. It is on the way to
becoming the world's largest Auto
hub by 2016 with a capacity of over
3 million cars annually
Mahindra Scorpio, one of India's best
selling indigenously developed SUV
Automotive industry in India
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The automotive industry in India is one of the larger markets in the
world. It had previously been one of the fastest growing markets globally,
but is currently experiencing flat or negative growth rates.
[1][2]
India's
passenger car and commercial vehicle manufacturing industry is the sixth
largest in the world, with an annual production of more than 3.9 million
units in 2011.
[3]
According to recent reports, India overtook Brazil and
became the sixth largest passenger vehicle producer in the world (beating
such old and new auto makers as Belgium, United Kingdom, Italy,
Canada, Mexico, Russia, Spain, France, Brazil), grew 16 to 18 percent
to sell around three million units in the course of 2011 and 2012.
[4]
In
2009, India emerged as Asia's fourth largest exporter of passenger cars,
behind Japan, South Korea, and Thailand.
[5]
In 2010, India beat
Thailand to become Asia's third largest exporter of passenger cars.
As of 2010, India is home to 40 million passenger vehicles. More than
3.7 million automotive vehicles were produced in India in 2010 (an
increase of 33.9%), making the country the second (after China) fastest
growing automobile market in the world in that year.
[6][7]
According to
the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers, annual vehicle sales are
projected to increase to 4 million by 2015, no longer 5 million as
previously projected.
[1]
The majority of India's car manufacturing industry is based around three
clusters in the south, west and north. The southern cluster consisting of
Chennai is the biggest with 35% of the revenue share. The western hub
near Mumbai and Pune contributes to 33% of the market and the northern cluster around the National Capital
Region contributes 32%.
[8]
Chennai, houses the India operations of Ford, Hyundai, Renault, Mitsubishi, Nissan,
BMW, Hindustan Motors, Daimler, Caparo, Mini, and Datsun. Chennai accounts for 60% of the country's
automotive exports.
[9]
Gurgaon and Manesar in Haryana form the northern cluster where the country's largest car
manufacturer, Maruti Suzuki, is based.
[10]
The Chakan corridor near Pune, Maharashtra is the western cluster with
companies like General Motors, Volkswagen, Skoda, Mahindra and Mahindra, Tata Motors, Mercedes Benz,
Land Rover, Jaguar Cars, Fiat and Force Motors
[11][12]
having assembly plants in the area. Nashik has a major
base of Mahindra and Mahindra with a SUV assembly unit and an Engine assembly unit. Aurangabad with Audi,
Skoda and Volkswagen also forms part of the western cluster. Another emerging cluster is in the state of Gujarat
with manufacturing facility of General Motors in Halol and further planned for Tata Nano at their plant in Sanand.
Ford, Maruti Suzuki and Peugeot-Citroen plants are also set to come up in Gujarat.
[13]
Kolkata with Hindustan
Motors, Noida with Honda and Bangalore with Toyota are some of the other automotive manufacturing regions
around the country.
[14][15][16]
In 2011, there were 3,695 factories producing automotive parts in all of India.
[17]
The average firm made US$6
million in annual revenue with profits close to US$400 thousand.
Contents
1 History
1.1 Liberalisation
2 Emission norms
3 Manufacturing facilities
3.1 West Bengal
3.2 Gujarat
3.3 Haryana
3.4 Himachal Pradesh
3.5 Jharkhand
3.6 Karnataka
3.7 Kerala
3.8 Commercial vehicles
3.9 Madhya Pradesh
3.10 Maharashtra
3.11 Punjab
3.12 Rajasthan
3.13 Tamil Nadu
3.14 Uttar Pradesh
3.15 Uttarakhand
4 Exports
4.1 Top 20 export destinations in 2007-2008 and growth from previous year
5 Passenger vehicles in India
5.1 Indian automotive companies
5.1.1 Defunct Indian automotive companies
5.2 Foreign automotive companies in India
5.2.1 Vehicles manufactured or assembled in India
5.2.2 Vehicles brought into India as CBUs
6 Commercial vehicle manufacturers in India
6.1 Indian brands
6.2 Joint-venture (JV) brands
6.3 Foreign-owned brands
7 Electric car manufacturers in India
8 Electric vehicle and Hybrid vehicle (xEV) industry
The Hindustan Ambassador
dominated India's automotive market
from the 1960s until the mid-80s
9 Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of India
10 Gallery of automobile plants in India
11 See also
12 Works cited
13 References
14 External links
History
The first car ran on India's roads in 1897. Until the 1930s, cars were imported directly, but in very small numbers.
An embryonic automotive industry emerged in India in the 1940s. Hindustan was launched in 1942, long time
competitor Premier in 1944. They built GM and Fiat products respectively.
[18]
Mahindra & Mahindra was
established by two brothers in 1945, and began assembly of Jeep CJ-3A utility vehicles. Following the
independence, in 1947, the Government of India and the private sector launched efforts to create an automotive
component manufacturing industry to supply to the automobile industry. In 1953 an import substitution programme
was launched, and the import of fully built-up cars began to be impeded.
[18]
However, the growth was relatively slow in the 1950s and 1960s due to
nationalisation and the license raj which hampered the Indian private
sector. Total restrictions for import of vehicles were set and after 1970
the automotive industry started to grow, but the growth was mainly
driven by tractors, commercial vehicles and scooters. Cars were still a
major luxury item. In the 1970s price controls were finally lifted, inserting
a competitive element into the automobile market.
[19]
By the 1980s, the
automobile market was still dominated by Hindustan and Premier, who
sold superannuated products in fairly limited numbers.
[20]
During the
eighties, a few competitors began to arrive on the scene.
To promote the auto industry the government started the Delhi Auto
Expo which was had its debut showcasing in 1986. The Auto Expo of
1986 was a window for technology transfers showing how the Indian
Automotive Industry was absorbing new technologies and promoting indigenous research and development for
adapting these technologies for the rugged Indian conditions. The 9 day show was marked by then Prime
Minister Rajiv Gandhi.
Liberalisation
Eventually multinational automakers, such as, though not limited to, Suzuki and Toyota of Japan and Hyundai of
South Korea, were allowed to invest in the Indian market ultimately leading to the establishment of an automotive
industry in India. Maruti Suzuki was the first, and the most successful of these new entries, and in part the result of
government policies to promote the automotive industry beginning in the 1980s.
[20]
As India began to liberalise their
automobile market in 1991, a number of foreign firms also initiated joint ventures with existing Indian companies.
The Premier Padmini was the
Ambassador's only true competitor
The variety of options available to the consumer began to multiply in the nineties, whereas before there had usually
only been one option in each price class. By 2000, there were 12 large automotive companies in the Indian market,
most of them offshoots of global companies.
[21]
Exports were slow to grow. Sales of small numbers of vehicles to tertiary
markets and neighbouring countries began early, and in 1987 Maruti
Suzuki shipped 480 cars to Europe (Hungary). After some growth in the
mid-nineties, exports once again began to drop as the outmoded
platforms handed down to Indian manufacturers by multinationals were
not competitive.
[22]
This was not to last, and today India manufactures
low-priced cars for markets across the globe. As of 18 March 2013
global brands such as Proton Holdings, PSA Group, Kia, Mazda,
Chrysler, Dodge and Geely Holding Group are shelving plans for India
due to the global economic crisis.
[23]
Emission norms
See also: Bharat Stage emission standards
In tune with international standards to reduce vehicular pollution, the central government unveiled the standards
titled 'India 2000' in 2000 with later upgraded guidelines as 'Bharat Stage'. These standards are quite similar to the
more stringent European standards and have been traditionally implemented in a phased manner, with the latest
upgrade getting implemented in 13 cities and later, in the rest of the nation. Delhi(NCR), Mumbai, Kolkata,
Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Pune, Surat, Kanpur, Lucknow, Solapur, and Agra are the 13 cities
where Bharat Stage IV has been imposed while the rest of the nation is still under Bharat Stage III.
Manufacturing facilities
West Bengal
Passenger vehicles
Hindustan Motors Limited - Kolkata
Gujarat
Passenger vehicles
General Motors India Private Limited
Chevrolet Sales India Private Limited Halol
[24]
Tata Motors Sanand
[25]
Commercial vehicles
Asia Motor Works AMW Bhuj
[26]
Haryana
Two wheelers
Hero MotoCorp Dharuhera, Gurgaon
[27]
India Yamaha Motor Faridabad
[28]
Honda Manesar
[29]
Suzuki Gurgaon
[30]
Passenger vehicles
Maruti Suzuki Gurgaon, Manesar
[31]
Himachal Pradesh
Two wheelers
TVS Motors Nalagarh
[32]
Passenger vehicles
ICML Motors Amb
[33]
Commercial vehicles
TAFE Tractors Parwanoo
[34]
Jharkhand
Commercial vehicles
Tata Motors Jamshedpur
[25]
Karnataka
Two wheelers
TVS Motor Mysore
[32]
Honda Motorcycle & Scooter India Pvt. Ltd. - Narsapura
Passenger vehicles
Mahindra REVA Electric Vehicles Bangalore
[35]
Toyota Kirloskar Motor Private Limited Bidadi
[36]
Commercial vehicles
Bharat Earth Movers - Bangalore
Scania Commercial Vehicles India Private Limited Bangalore
[37]
TAFE Tractors Doddaballapur
[34]
Tata Motors Dharwad
[25]
Volvo Buses India Private Limited Hoskote
[38]
Bharat Earth Movers - Mysore
Kerala
Commercial vehicles
Bharat Earth Movers Defense Products - produces Tatra Trucks 12x12, 10x10,8x8, 6x6, 4x4 & Variants
Kerala Automobiles Limited
Madhya Pradesh
Two wheelers
Mahindra & Mahindra Pithampur
[39]
Commercial vehicles
Eicher Motors Pithampur
[40]
Hindustan Motors Pithampur
[41]
Force Motors Private Limited Pithampur
[42]
TAFE Tractors Mandideep
[34]
Maharashtra
Two wheelers
Bajaj Auto Waluj Aurangabad, Chakan
[43]
KTM Sportmotorcycles Chakan
[44]
Vespa Scooters Baramati Pune
[45]
Kinetic Engineering Ahmednagar, Pune
[46]
Passenger vehicles
Mahindra & Mahindra Automotive Division Nashik, Chakan
[47][48]
Ssangyong Motor Company Chakan
[49]
Tata Motors Limited
Tata Motors Pimpri Chinchwad
[50]
Jaguar Cars and Land Rover Pune
[51]
Mercedes-Benz Passenger Cars Chakan
[52]
Fiat Automobiles Ranjangaon Pune
[53]
General Motors Pune
[54]
Volkswagen Group Sales India Private Limited
Volkswagen Chakan
[55]
Audi AG Aurangabad
[56]
koda Auto Aurangabad
[57]
Chinkara Motors Karlekhind Alibag
[58]
Premier Automobiles Limited Pimpri Chinchwad
[59]
Commercial vehicles
Ashok Leyland Bhandara
[60]
Bajaj Auto Waluj Aurangabad
[43]
Force Motors Pune
[61]
Mahindra Navistar Chakan
[62]
MAN Trucks India Akurdi Pune
[63]
Mercedes-Benz Buses India Chakan
[64]
Piaggio Vehicles Baramati Pune
[65]
Premier Automobiles Limited Pimpri Chinchwad
[59]
Punjab
Commercial vehicles
SML Isuzu Limited Nawanshahar
[66]
(originally a Swaraj Mazda plant)
Rajasthan
Passenger vehicles
Honda Cars India Ltd. Tapukara
[67]
Commercial vehicles
Ashok Leyland Alwar
[60]
TAFE Tractors Alwar
[34]
Tamil Nadu
Two wheelers
TVS Motor Hosur
[32]
Royal Enfield Chennai
[68]
Passenger vehicles
BMW India Chennai
[69][70]
Ford India Private Limited Maraimalai Nagar
[71]
Hyundai Motor India Limited Sriperumbudur
[72]
Mitsubishi Tiruvallur
[41]
Renault Nissan Automotive India Private Limited
Nissan Motor India Private Limited Oragadam
[73]
Renault India Private Limited Oragadam
[74]
Commercial vehicles
Ashok Leyland Ennore, Hosur
[60]
BharatBenz Oragadam
[75]
Kamaz Vectra Motors Hosur
[76]
SAME Deutz-Fahr Tractors Ranipet, Vellore
[77]
Mahindra Scorpio Jeep in service
with Italy's CNSAS.
TAFE Tractors Chennai
[34]
TVS Motors Hosur
[32]
Uttar Pradesh
Commercial vehicles
Tata Motors Lucknow
Two wheelers
India Yamaha Motor Greater Noida
[78]
Passenger vehicles
Honda Cars India Ltd. Greater Noida
[79]
Uttarakhand
Commercial vehicles
Ashok Leyland Pantnagar
Tata Motors Pantnagar
Exports
India's automobile exports have grown consistently and reached $4.5
billion in 2009, with United Kingdom being India's largest export market
followed by Italy, Germany, Netherlands and South Africa.
[80]
India's
automobile exports are expected to cross $12 billion by 2014.
[81]
According to New York Times, India's strong engineering base and
expertise in the manufacturing of low-cost, fuel-efficient cars has resulted
in the expansion of manufacturing facilities of several automobile
companies like Hyundai, Nissan, Toyota, Volkswagen and Maruti
Suzuki.
[82]
In 2008, South Korean multinational Hyundai Motors alone exported
240,000 cars made in India. Nissan Motors plans to export 250,000
vehicles manufactured in its India plant by 2011.
[83]
Similarly, US automobile company, General Motors
announced its plans to export about 50,000 cars manufactured in India by 2011.
[84]
A Tata Safari on display in Poznan,
Poland.
The Maruti Ertiga, a model exported
by Maruti Suzuki India.
In September 2009, Ford Motors announced its plans to set up a plant in India with an annual capacity of 250,000
cars for US$500 million. The cars will be manufactured both for the Indian market and for export.
[85]
The company
said that the plant was a part of its plan to make India the hub for its global production business.
[86]
Fiat Motors
also announced that it would source more than US$1 billion worth auto components from India.
[87]
In July 2010, The Economic Times reported that PSA Peugeot Citron
was planning to re-enter the Indian market and open a production plant
in Andhra Pradesh with an annual capacity of 100,000 vehicles, investing
EUR 700M in the operation.
[88]
PSA's intention to utilise this production
facility for export purposes however remains unclear as of December
2010. In 2009 India (0.23m) surpassed China (0.16m) as Asia's fourth
largest exporter of cars after Japan (1.77m), Korea (1.12m) and
Thailand (0.26m) by allowing foreign carmakers 100% ownership of
factories in India, which China does not allow.
[5]
In recent years, India has
emerged as a leading center for
the manufacture of small cars.
Hyundai, the biggest exporter from the country, now ships more than
250,000 cars annually from India. Apart from Maruti Exports' shipments
to Suzuki's other markets, Maruti Suzuki also manufactures small cars for
Nissan, which sells them in Europe. Nissan will also export small cars
from its new Indian assembly line. Tata Motors exports its passenger
vehicles to Asian and African markets, and is in preparation to launch
electric vehicles in Europe in 2010. The firm is also planning to launch an
electric version of its low-cost car the Tata Nano in Europe and in the
U.S. Mahindra & Mahindra is preparing to introduce its pickup trucks
and small SUV models in the U.S. market. Bajaj Auto is designing a
low-cost car for Renault Nissan Automotive India, which will market the product worldwide. Renault Nissan may
also join domestic commercial vehicle manufacturer Ashok Leyland in another small car project.
[89]
While the
possibilities are impressive, there are challenges that could thwart future growth of the Indian automobile industry.
Since the demand for automobiles in recent years is directly linked to overall economic expansion and rising
personal incomes, industry growth will slow if the economy weakens.
[89]
Top 20 export destinations in 2007-2008 and growth from previous year
Maruti Suzuki is the largest Indian
passenger vehicle manufacturer in the
local market
[90]
Rank Country
2007-2008 (in USD
Millions)
2008-2009 (in USD
Millions)
Percentage
Growth
1
United States of
America
593.64 525.24 -11.52
2 Italy 332.35 359.68 8.22
3 Sri Lanka 249.14 216.11 -13.26
4 South Africa 224.93 188.57 -15.79
5 United Kingdom 165.57 246.32 48.77
6 United Arab Emirates 164.44 192.74 17.21
7 Algeria 147.34 265.63 80.28
8 Bangladesh 137.26 164.86 20.11
9 Egypt 134.43 143.54 5.99
10 Germany 133.52 409.63 206.8
11 Colombia 118.88 120.71 1.54
12 Nepal 111.33 98.13 -11.86
13 Mexico 93.80 94.10 0.32
14 Turkey 83.53 73.82 -11.63
15 Spain 81.01 56.96 -29.69
16 France 76.77 134.21 74.83
17 Nigeria 66.01 148.74 125.03
18 Greece 65.75 127.63 94.1
19 Netherland 65.19 163.66 151.05
20 Ghana 59.91 38.30 -36.07
Passenger vehicles in India
This list is of cars that are officially available and serviced in India. While
other cars can be imported to the country at a steep 105%
[91]
import
duty, car-makers such as Alfa Romeo,
[92]
McLaren,
[93]
Pagani,
[94]
Cadillac,
[95]
Chrysler,
[96]
SSC,
[97]
Lincoln,
[98]
Zenvo,
[99]
SEAT,
[100]
Smart,
[101]
Daihatsu,
[102]
Lexus,
[103]
Infiniti,
[104]
Acura,
[105]
Saab,
[106]
Spyker,
[107]
Lotus,
[108]
Ariel,
[109]
Caterham,
[110]
Peugeot-Citron,
[111]
Mazda,
[112]
Jeep,
[113]
Kia,
[114]
GAZ,
[115]
and Proton
[116]
in various
stages of official introduction into the Indian automobile industry.
Indian automotive companies
Maruti Swift in India. Maruti Suzuki
is a subsidiary of Suzuki Motor
Corporation of Japan
Mahindra XUV500, one of India's
best selling indigenously developed
SUV
Chinkara Motors:
[117]
Beachster, Hammer, Roadster 1.8S,
Rockster, Jeepster, Sailster
Force Motors: One (earlier known as Tempo)
Hindustan Motors:
[118]
Ambassador
ICML (http://www.icml.co.in):
[119]
Rhino Rx
Mahindra:
[120]
Major, Bolero, Scorpio, Thar, Xylo, Quanto,
Verito, Verito Vibe, Genio, XUV500.
Premier Automobiles Limited:
[121]
Sigma, RiO
San Motors:
[122]
Storm
Maruti Suzuki (subsidiary of Japanese auto maker
Suzuki)
[123][124]
800, Alto, Alto800, WagonR, Estilo, A-star,
Ritz, Swift, Swift DZire, SX4, Omni, Eeco, Gypsy, Ertiga
Tata Motors:
[125]
Nano, Indica, Vista, Indigo, Manza, Indigo CS,
Sumo, Grande, Venture, Safari, Xenon, Aria
Defunct Indian automotive companies
Sipani Automobiles
Standard Motor Products of India
Foreign automotive companies in India
Hyundai, Suzuki, BMW, Audi, Mercedes Benz, Ford, Fiat, Honda, Chevrolet(of General Motors), Toyota,
Lamborghini, Jaguar, Eicher, TAFE, are the foreign automotive companies that manufacture and market their
products in India
Vehicles manufactured or assembled in India
BMW India:
[126]
1 Series, 3 Series, 3 Series GT, 5 Series, 7 Series, X1, X3.
Audi India: A3, A4, A6, Q3, Q5, Q7.
Fiat India. Grande Punto, Linea.
Manufactured only in Chennai, India,
the i10 is one of Hyundai's best selling
globally exported cars.
Ford India:
[127]
Figo, Fiesta Classic, Fiesta, Ecosport, Endeavour.
General Motors India(Chevrolet):
[128]
Spark, Beat, Aveo U-VA, Sail, Aveo, Optra, Cruze, Tavera.
Honda Cars India Limited:
[129]
Brio, Jazz, Amaze, City, Civic,
CR-V, Accord.
Hyundai Motor India:
[130]
Eon, Santro, i10, i20, Accent, Verna,
Elantra, Sonata.
Isuzu:
[131][132]
MU-7, V-Cross.
Jaguar (Subsidiary of Tata Motors):
[133]
Jaguar XF.
Land Rover (Subsidiary of Tata Motors):
[134]
Freelander.
Mercedes-Benz India:
[135]
C-Class, E-Class, M-Class, GL-Class, S-Class.
MINI:
[136]
Countryman.
Mitsubishi
[137]
(in collaboration with Hindustan Motors):
[138]
Lancer, Lancer Cedia, Pajero.
Nissan Motor India:
[139]
Micra, Sunny, Evalia, Dacia Duster.
Datsun: Datsun Go
Renault India:
[140][141][142]
Pulse, Duster, Scala, Fluence, Koleos.
koda Auto India:
[143][144]
Fabia, Rapid, Laura, Yeti, Superb.
Toyota Kirloskar:
[145]
Etios Liva, Etios, Corolla Altis, Innova, Fortuner, Camry.
Volkswagen India:
[146][147]
Polo, CrossPolo, Vento, Jetta, Passat
Opel was present in India until 2006. As of 2013, Opel only provides spare parts and vehicle servicing to existing Opel vehicle
owners.
Vehicles brought into India as CBUs
Suzuki Kizashi. Kizashis are sold by
Maruti in the Indian market
Aston Martin:
[148]
Vantage, Vanquish, Rapide, Virage, DB9,
DBS, One-77.
Audi:
[149]
A5, A7, A8, S4, S6, S8, TT, RS 4, RS 6, RS5, R8.
Bentley:
[150][151]
Arnage, Azure, Brooklands, Continental GT,
Continental Flying Spur, Mulsanne.
BMW:
[152]
5 Series GT, 6 Series, 7 Series, X5, X6, X6 M, M3,
M5, M6 and Z4.
Bugatti:
[153][154]
Veyron.
Chevrolet: Captiva.
Ferrari:
[155][156]
California, 458 Italia, 599 GTB Fiorano, FF.
Fiat:
[157]
500, Bravo.
General Motors:
[128]
Hummer H2, Hummer H3.
Gumpert:
[158]
Apollo.
Honda:
[159][160]
Civic Hybrid.
Hyundai:
[130]
Santa Fe.
Isuzu Motors India Pvt Ltd: MU7 & D Max
Jaguar (Subsidiary of Tata Motors):
[161]
XJ, XK, F-Type.
Koenigsegg:
[162][163]
CCX, CCXR, Agera.
Lamborghini:
[164]
Gallardo, Aventador.
Land Rover (Subsidiary of Tata Motors):
[165]
Discovery 4, Range Rover Evoque, Range Rover Sport,
Range Rover.
Maserati:
[166]
Quattroporte, GranTurismo, GranCabrio.
Mercedes-Benz:
[167]
A-Class, B-Class, CL-Class, GL-Class, R-Class, CLS-Class, SL-Class, SLK-Class,
Viano, G-Class, SLS.
MINI:
[136]
Cooper, Cooper S, Convertible.
Mitsubishi: Montero, Outlander, Evo X.
Nissan:
[168]
Teana, X-Trail, 370Z, GT-R.
Porsche:
[169][170]
997, Boxster, Panamera, Cayman, Cayenne, Carrera GT.
Rolls Royce:
[171]
Ghost, Wraith, Phantom, Phantom Coup, Phantom Drophead Coup.
SsangYong (subsidiary of Mahindra & Mahindra):
[172]
Rexton.
Suzuki (sold through Maruti Suzuki): Grand Vitara, Kizashi.
Toyota:
[145]
Prius, Land Cruiser, Land Cruiser Prado.
Volkswagen:
[173]
Beetle, Touareg, Phaeton.
Volvo:
[174]
V40, S60, S80, XC60, XC90.
Commercial vehicle manufacturers in India
Indian brands
AMW
[175]
Eicher Motors
[176]
Force
[177]
Hindustan Motors
[178]
Mahindra & Mahindra
Premier
[121]
Tata Motors
[179]
Joint-venture (JV) brands
Ashok Leyland
[180]
- originally a JV between Ashok Motors (owned by the Hinduja Group) and Leyland
Motors, now joint ventures between Ashok Leyland and Nissan Motors (Japan) for LCV's; and John Deere
(USA) for construction equipment.
[181]
KaMAZ Vectra
[182]
- A JV between Russia's KaMAZ and the Vectra Group
MAN Force - A JV between Force Motors and MAN AG (Germany)
SML Isuzu - originally, as Swaraj Mazda, a JV between Punjab Tractors and Mazda, now 53.5% owned
by Sumitomo Group and with its current name since 2011.
[183]
Tatra Vectra Motors Ltd - (defunct) Initial truck partnership with India by Vectra. Replaced by Kamaz.
Tatra trucks for sale in India are manufactured in collaboration with Bharat Earth Movers Limited.
VE Commercial Vehicles Limited
[184]
- VE Commercial Vehicles limited - A JV between Volvo Group &
Eicher Motors Limited.
Foreign-owned brands
J. C. Bamford (JCB) (Owned by British multinational corporation J. C. Bamford).
BharatBenz (Owned by Daimler AG of Germany and affiliated with Daimler's Fuso and Mercedes-Benz
brands)
[185]
Caterpillar Inc.
[186]
DAF
[187]
Hino
[188]
Isuzu
[189]
Iveco
[190]
MAN
[191]
Mercedes-Benz
[192]
- manufactures luxury coaches in India.
Piaggio
[193]
Rosenbauer
[194]
Scania
[195]
Tatra
[196]
Volvo
[197]
Electric car manufacturers in India
Ajanta Group
[198]
Hero Electric
[199]
Mahindra
[200]
REVA now Mahindra Reva Electric Vehicles
Tara International
[201]
Tata Motors
[202]
Electric vehicle and Hybrid vehicle (xEV) industry
During April 2012 Indian Government has planned to unveil the roadmap for the development of the domestic
electric and hybrid vehicles (xEV) in the country.
[203]
A discussion between the various stakeholders including
Government, industry and the academia is expected to take place during 2324 February.
[203]
The final contours of
the policy will be formed after this set of discussions. Ministries such as Petroleum, Finance, Road Transport and
Power are involved in developing a broad framework for the sector. Along with these ministries big auto industry
names such as Mr Anand Mahindra (Vice Chairman and Managing Director, Mahindra & Mahindra) and Mr
Vikram Kirloskar (Vice-Chairman, Toyota Kirloskar) are also involved in this task.
[203]
The Government has also
proposed to set up a Rs 740 crore research and development fund for the sector in the 12th five year plan during
2012-17.
[203]
The idea is to reduce the high cost of key imported components such as the battery and electric
motor and develop such capabilities locally.
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of India
Automobile Products of India or API - founded in 1949 at Bombay (now Mumbai), by the British company
Rootes Group,
[204]
and later bought over by M. A. Chidambaram of the MAC Group from Madras (now
Chennai).
[204]
The company manufactured Lambretta scooters, API Three Wheelers under licence from
Innocenti of Italy and Automobile ancillaries, notably Clutch and Braking systems. API's registered offices
were earlier in Mumbai, later shifted to Chennai, in Tamil Nadu. The manufacturing facilities were located in
Mumbai and Aurangabad in Maharashtra and in Ambattur, Chennai.
[205]
The company has not been
operational since 2002.
Escorts Yamaha - in 1984 Escorts formed a joint venture with Yamaha to manufacture motorcycles. In 2008
became India Yamaha Motor.
Hero Motors is a former moped and scooter manufacturer based in Delhi, India. It is a part of multinational
company Hero Group, which also currently owns Hero Motocorp (formerly Hero Honda) and Hero Cycles,
among others. Hero Motors was started in the 1960s to manufacture 50 cc two-stroke mopeds but
gradually diversified into making larger mopeds, mokicks and scooters in the 1980s and the 1990s.
Noteworthy collaborators and technical partners were Puch of Austria and Malaguti of Italy. Due to
tightening emission regulations and poor sales, Hero motors have discontinued the manufacture of all gasoline
powered vehicles and transformed itself into an electric two-wheeler and auto parts manufacturer.
Ideal Jawa - motorcycle company based in Mysore, sold licensed Jawa and Z motorcycles beginning in
1960 under the brand name Jawa and later Yezdi.
Kinetic Honda - a joint venture between Kinetic Engineering Limited, India and Honda Motor Company,
Japan. The JV operated during 1984 - 1998, manufacturing 2-stroke scooters in India. In 1998, the joint
venture was terminated after which Kinetic Engineering continued to sell the models under the brand name
Kinetic until 2008
[206]
when the interests were sold to Mahindra.
Mopeds India Limited - produces the Suvega range of Mopeds under technical collaboration with
Motobcane of France.
Standard - produced by Standard Motor Products in Madras from 1949 to 1988. Indian Standards were
variations of vehicles made in the U.K. by Standard-Triumph. Standard Motor Products of India Ltd.
(SMPI) was incorporated in 1948,
[207]
and their first product was the Vanguard, which began to be
assembled in 1949. The company was dissolved in 2006 and the old plant torn down.
Gallery of automobile plants in India
See also
Automotive Industry Standards, the automotive regulations of India
List of vehicle plants in India
Automobile industry
List of countries by motor vehicle production
List of countries by vehicles per capita
Lists of automobiles
List of cars
List of Asian cars
List of automobile manufacturers of China
List of Japanese cars
List of truck manufacturers
List of motorcycle manufacturers (Category)
List of scooters - List of scooter manufacturers
Works cited
Gupta, Sadanand (2012), Automobile Industry in India: A Cluster Approach, Ruby Press & Co.
(http://www.rubypressco.in), ISBN 978-81-922182-6-7
Kamala, T.N. & Doreswamy, A.G. (2007). Strategies for Enhancing Competitiveness of Indian Auto
Component Industries (http://dspace.iimk.ac.in/bitstream/2259/478/1/215-220+.pdf). Indian Institute of
Management Kozhikode.
Piplai, Tapas (2001-07-28). "Automobile Industry: Shifting Strategic Focus". Economic and Political
Weekly (Mumbai, India: Sameeksha Trust) 36 (30): 28922897.
Tiku, Pran (2008). Six Sizzling Markets: How to Profit from Investing in Brazil, Russia, India, China,
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External links
upcoming Cars in India (http://upcomingcarsindia.org)
Media related to Automobile manufacturers of India at Wikimedia Commons
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