Complete abdominal

ultrasound scanning
protocol
Copyright 2010 The Academy of Veterinary Imaging
The Academy of Veterinary Imaging
2409 Avenue J, Suite C
Arlington, TX 76006
(800) 268-5354 opt 4


www.soundeklin.com/academy-of-imaging
Introduction



This program demonstrates the scanning planes to perform and
the still images to collect to archive a complete abdominal
ultrasound exam. Video clips can be saved to supplement the
still images. Additional images would be indicated to document
any pathology encountered.

Please see the Basic Abdominal Scanning Protocol CD if you are
just starting to learn abdominal ultrasound. The basic exam
focuses on the liver, spleen, kidneys and urinary bladder.

Directions

In this program you may view the entire complete abdominal
ultrasound exam from start to finish, with or without
superimposed ultrasound images, or you may navigate to each
organ or each individual image from the corresponding pages.

You may view abdominal anatomy, probe orientation, screen
orientation and image optimization by selecting the appropriate
buttons.

During the entire complete exam with images, the presentation
will pause when an ultrasound image appears. When you are
finished viewing the image, select the forward arrow button or
left click the mouse to continue the exam. The home key takes
you to the table of contents. The i key on the table of contents
takes you to the title page.

Entire complete exam
with images
Entire complete exam
without images
Individual image list
Organs
Table of contents
Abdominal anatomy
Probe orientation
Screen orientation
Image optimization
Images only
ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
Page: 1, 2
Right
Left
VD abdomen
from the
ventral aspect
Liver
Stomach
Spleen
Left
kidney
Urinary
bladder
Intestines
GB
Adrenals
Right
kidney
Pancreas
Probe orientation
Sagittal plane
Reference
marker
points
cranially
Transverse plane
Reference marker
points to the right
Reference
marker
Near field
Far field
Screen orientation
Image optimization
LOGIQ P5
LOGIQ 5
LOGIQ Book
Go to:
Transitions
General info
Depth
Frequency
Auto-optimize
Focal points
Gain
Overall gain
TGC

LOGIQ e
LOGIQ 200
General info page 1
During an abdominal ultrasound
exam, the ultrasound machine
settings should be changed as
needed to optimize the image.

However, please note, when
comparing the echogenicity of
different organs, all machine settings
must be kept the same!!!
Image
optimization
P5
L5
LB
Le
L200
General info page 2
Machine settings are most often
adjusted when transitioning from one
organ to another. Transitions
encountered during the basic exam are
listed on the Transitions page.

Within the abdominal scan, the
Optimize button will show how to
typically adjust the machine when
transitioning to the view in question.
Transitions
Image
optimization
P5
L5
LB
Le
L200
Depth
Starting guidelines:
Large dog: 12-14 cm
Medium dog: 8-10 cm
Small dogs and cats: 6-7 cm

Adjust as needed throughout scan


Transitions
Image
optimization
P5
L5
LB
Le
L200
Frequency
High frequency
Better resolution
Less depth

Lower frequency
Lower resolution
Better for depth

Starting points:
Large dog liver: 6 MHz
Small dog/cat liver: 8 MHz

Transitions
Image
optimization
P5
L5
LB
Le
L200
Auto optimize
Personal preference button.

Adds more contrast.

Try on or off. Chose the setting that
looks better to you.

Auto optimize must be deselected
then reselected for
every new structure imaged.
Transitions
Image
optimization
P5
L5
LB
Le
L200
Focal points
Improved resolution is seen where the
focal points are.

Place focal points at the region of
interest.

Typically use:
1 focal point with cardiac scanning.
2 with abdominal scanning.

Transitions
Image
optimization
P5
L5
LB
Le
L200
Gain
Overall gain
May only adjust in beginning of
exam. Perhaps may decrease
when imaging the urinary
bladder.

TGC
Compensates for beam
attenuation (loss of energy as it
passes through tissue).

Transitions
Image
optimization
P5
L5
LB
Le
L200
LOGIQ P5
Auto optimize
Gain
Depth
TGC
Focal
points
Frequency
Image
optimization
Transitions
LOGIQ e
Auto optimize
Gain
Depth
TGC
Focal
points
Frequency
Image
optimization
Transitions
LOGIQ 5
TGC
Auto
optimize
Gain
Depth
Focal points
Frequency
(press to toggle)
Image
optimization
Transitions
LOGIQ Book
Auto optimize
Gain
Depth
TGC
Focal
points
Frequency
(toggle)
Image
optimization
Transitions
LOGIQ 200
TGC
Depth
Gain
Focal points
Auto optimize
Frequency
Image
optimization
Transitions
Transitions
Start liver
Liver to splenic head (sagittal)
Splenic head to body/tail of spleen
Body of spleen to splenic head (tx)
Splenic head (tx) to LK
LK to left adrenal
Left adrenal to UB
UB to RK
RK to right adrenal/pancreas/GI
Image optimization
Start liver
Image optimization
Depth increase or decrease
Frequency usually decrease
Auto-optimize on or off
Focal points (2)
Gain
Overall gain adjust
TGC in middle or
bottom levers to right

Transitions
Scan
Liver to splenic head (sagittal)
Depth increase
Frequency increase
Auto-optimize on or off
Focal points
Gain
Overall gain
TGC bottom levers same
or to middle
Scan
Image optimization Transitions
Splenic head to body/tail of spleen
Depth decrease
Frequency same
Auto-optimize on or off
Focal points move up
Gain
Overall gain
TGC same or top levers
to right

Scan
Image optimization Transitions
Body of spleen to splenic head (tx)
Depth increase
Frequency same
Auto-optimize on or off
Focal points move down
Gain
Overall gain
TGC same or top levers
to center

Scan
Image optimization Transitions
Splenic head (tx) to LK
Depth decrease
Frequency same or decrease
Auto-optimize on or off
Focal points move down
Gain
Overall gain
TGC same

Scan
Image optimization Transitions
LK to left adrenal
Depth decrease
Frequency same or increase
Auto-optimize on or off
Focal points move up
Gain
Overall gain
TGC same

Scan
Image optimization Transitions
Left adrenal to UB
Depth varies
Frequency same
Auto-optimize on or off
Focal points same
Gain
Overall gain maybe decrease
TGC top levers to left

Scan
Image optimization Transitions
UB to RK
Depth varies
Frequency decrease
Auto-optimize on or off
Focal points same
Gain
Overall gain maybe increase
TGC top levers to center

Scan
Image optimization Transitions
RK to right adrenal/pancreas/GI
Depth decrease
Frequency increase
Auto-optimize on or off
Focal points move up or down
Gain
Overall gain
TGC same or top levers to right

Scan
Image optimization Transitions


Organs
Liver
Spleen
Kidneys (Left, Right)
Adrenal glands (Left, Right)
Urinary bladder
Pancreas
Stomach
Intestines
Ovaries (Left, Right), Uterus
Prostate, Testicles
LIVER:
Sagittal views
Right lateral, cranial (right liver, diaphragm)
Right lateral, caudal (caudate lobe, RK)
Right lateral, more toward midline (GB, diaphragm)
Midline (common bile duct, PV, CVC)
Midline to left lateral (long axis aorta, left HV, left PV, stomach)
Left lateral (left liver, head of spleen)
Transverse views
Cranial: single view or separate right and left views (liver, diaphragm)
Mid: single view or separate right and left views (GB, PVs)
Caudal: single view or separate right and left views (CVC, HV, maybe GB)
Right lateral from intercostal space
STOMACH:
Ventral right (antrum/pylorus)
Midline (midbody)
Dorsal left (fundus)
SPLEEN:
Sagittal views Transverse views
Splenic head Splenic head
Cranial body Cranial body
Mid body (hilus) Mid body (hilus)
Tail Tail
LEFT KIDNEY:
Sagittal views Transverse views
Medial Cranial pole
Renal sinus/pelvis Mid (renal sinus/pelvis)
Mid Caudal pole
Lateral
LEFT ADRENAL GLAND
LEFT OVARY
Individual images, page 1
URINARY BLADDER:
Sagittal views
Lateral to the right
Mid apex
Mid trigone
Lateral to the left
Transverse views
Cranial
Mid
Caudal (trigone)
SUBLUMBAR REGION:
Blood vessels/lymph nodes
UTERUS OR PROSTATE/TESTICLES
RIGHT OVARY
RIGHT KIDNEY:
Sagittal views Transverse views
Medial Cranial pole
Renal sinus/pelvis Mid (renal sinus/pelvis)
Mid Caudal pole
Lateral
RIGHT ADRENAL GLAND
PANCREAS:
Right limb
Body
Left limb
DUODENUM
MIDABDOMEN:
Jejunum
Ileum (cats only)
Colon
Individual images, page 2
ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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Right lateral, cranial
(Right liver, diaphragm)
Optimize
ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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Right lateral, toward midline
(GB, diaphragm)
ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
Page: 1, 2
ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
Page: 1, 2

ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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Midline
(CVC, PV, CBD)
ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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Right lateral, caudal
(Caudate lobe, RK)
ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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Midline to left lateral (AO, left HV, left
PV, stomach)
ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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Left lateral
ORGANS
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ORGANS
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Cranial (liver, diaphragm)
ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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Mid (GB, PVs)
ORGANS
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ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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Caudal (CVC, HV, PV, GB)
ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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IC TX LIVER
ORGANS
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Optimize
ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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Cranial body
Optimize
ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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Midbody (hilus)
ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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Tail
ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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Tail
ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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Midbody (hilus)
ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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Cranial body
ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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ORGANS
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Optimize
ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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Medial
(poles symmetrical)
LK
ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
Page: 1, 2
ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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Medial
(renal sinus/pelvis)
Optimize
ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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Mid sagittal
LK
ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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Lateral
LK
ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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Mid (renal sinus/pelvis
LK
ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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Cranial pole
LK
ORGANS
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ORGANS
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Caudal pole
LK
ORGANS
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ORGANS
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Optimize
ORGANS
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To L ovary
Skip
ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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Mid (apex)
UB
Optimize
ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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Mid (trigone)
UB
ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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Lateral to the right
UB
ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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Lateral to the left
UB
ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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Cranial
UB
ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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Mid
UB
ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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Caudal
UB
ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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To Uterus
To Prostate
To RK
ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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Medial
(poles
symmetrical)
RK
ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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ORGANS
IMAGE LIST
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Medial
(renal sinus/pelvis)

Optimize
RK
ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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Mid sagittal
RK
ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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Lateral
RK
ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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Mid (renal sinus/pelvis)
ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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Cranial pole
RK
ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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Caudal pole
RK
ORGANS
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ORGANS
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Optimize
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Skip
To R ovary
ORGANS
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ORGANS
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DUOD
RK
ORGANS
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GB
ORGANS
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Stomach
L limb panc
ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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ORGANS
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L limb panc
ORGANS
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Duodenum
ORGANS
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ORGANS
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GB
Pylorus
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Stomach (fundus)
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To Ileum
(cats only)
Skip
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Sagittal bowel
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Stomach
Colon
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Transverse bowel
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End of scan
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UB
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To Testicles
To RK
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Testicles
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Transverse feline ileum
Colon
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Sagittal feline ileum
Colon
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End of scan
Right lateral, cranial

Right lateral, toward midline
Midline
Right lateral, caudal
RK
Midline to left lateral
Left lateral
Cranial
Mid
Caudal
liver
Sagittal
Sagittal cranial body
Sagittal midbody (hilus)
Sagittal tail
Transverse tail
Transverse midbody (hilus)
Transverse cranial body
Transverse
Medial
(poles symmetrical)
LK
Medial
(renal sinus/pelvis)
Mid sagittal
LK
Lateral
LK
Mid (renal sinus/pelvis
LK
Cranial pole
LK
Caudal pole
LK
Mid (apex) and
vessels
UB
Mid (trigone)
UB
Lateral to the right
UB
Lateral to the left
UB
Cranial
transverse
UB
Mid transverse
UB
Caudal transverse
UB
Medial
(poles
symmetrical)
RK
Medial
(renal sinus/pelvis)

Mid sagittal
Lateral
RK
Mid (renal sinus/pelvis)
Cranial pole
RK
Caudal pole
RK
DUOD
RK
R limb pancreas
GB
Pancreatic body
Stomach
L limb pancreas
L PANC
Duodenum
GB
Pylorus
Stomach (fundus)
Tx feline
ileum
Colon
Sagittal feline
ileum
Colon
Sagittal bowel
Transverse bowel
Stomach
Colon
UB
Testicles