The Origins of International Humanitarian Law:The Geneva Convention Tiffany Hsieh and Mary Jiang

Primary Sources


1863. Comite International Foundaleur.
This photo was used on the ICRC page to show how Henry Dunant, the man who initiated the
Geneva Convention, was a part of the team that formed the Red Cross which would act as the
impartial third party aid as mentioned in the Geneva Conventions
D'Addario, Raymond .20 November 1945. Robert H. Jackson addresses the Nuremberg court.
This courtroom picture was used in a slideshow on the Home page.
Danlaycock.Parties to the Geneva Conventions.n.d.
This image was used on the Geneva Conventions page to show viewers the extent that
countries around the world had passed the Geneva Convention.
Fly Your Flag. The Washington Herald. 21 December 1918.6. Print.
This Red Cross advertisement encouraging people to join and support the Red Cross was
used on the ICRC page.

Gassman, Thierry. 30 March 1994. Photo. ICRC Gallery.
This picture was used on the Rwanda Genocide page to show the effects of the genocide that
caused many families to flee their homes.

"Geneva Conventions." Dec 1969. Council on Foreign Relations. Apr 2014.
The Geneva Convention was the foundation of our project, and we used the contents(the
Conventions and the Protocols) to analyze its role in warfare after its creation and social
and political implications it caused. We analyzed how it has since expounded on the basis
of basic humanitarian rights and its uses in modern day situations. This document was
referenced on every page of the website.
Henry Dunant. 1852. Switzerland.
Dunants portrait was used on the Background page.


The Origins of International Humanitarian Law:The Geneva Convention Tiffany Hsieh and Mary Jiang
ICRC. International Committee of the Red Cross.Website.
The ICRC site was a major resource in this project. This website was used in researching
the history and purpose of the Red Cross, and that information was transferred onto the
ICRC and Battle of Solferino page. In addition to providing historical context, it also
provided insight to the modern day applications of the Geneva Conventions(basically all
international and civil conflict). This information about the application of the
Conventions was used in the Rwandan Genocide, Geneva Convention, and
Nuremberg Trials pages.

Library of Congress. n.d. Geneva Conventions: Reuniting Families.
We used this image of people leaving an ICRC plane on the home page on a slideshow.
Linus Pierpont Brockett and Vaughan, C. Mary. 1867. The Project Gutenburg EBook of
Womans Work in the Civil War.
We used Clara Bartons Portrait on the Background page.
National Enforcement of International Humanitarian Law.Red Cross.ICRC.25 March,2010.
This document was used to show how grave breaches of the Geneva Convention were to
be
handled and tried. We displayed this information on the Geneva Conventions page.
Omanson, Oliver. Prisoner of War Number 21860: The World War II Memoirs of Oliver Omanson.
Yankton, SD: Oliver Omanson, 2009. Print.
We used a quote from his book on the World War II page to demonstrate how he was treated as
an American prisoner of war by his German captors.

Roosevelt, D. Franklin. Undelivered Address Prepared for Jefferson Day. 13 April, 1945
The Origins of International Humanitarian Law:The Geneva Convention Tiffany Hsieh and Mary Jiang
We used a quote from his undelivered speech under the Nuremberg Trial tab.
U.S. Government.National Archives and Records Administration. 1945. Nuremberg Trials.
This photo was used in a slideshow under the Nuremberg Trials page.

Secondary Sources
Rwanda:Crimes Against Humanity.Womenaid International. n.p. Web.
<http://www.womenaid.org/press/info/humanrights/rwanda%20hr.html>
Genocide in Rwanda. United Nations. VIBSCO. Web.
<http://www.unitedhumanrights.org/genocide/genocide_in_rwanda.htm>


Becker, Steven W. Mirror, Mirror on the Wall: Assessing the Aftermath of September
11th (2003). Valpariso University Law Review. Volume 37.
<http://scholar.valpo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1288&context=vulr&sei-
redir=1&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Furl%3Fq%3Dhttp%253A%252
F%252Fscholar.valpo.edu%252Fcgi%252Fviewcontent.cgi%253Farticle%253D1288%2
526context%253Dvulr%26sa%3DD%26sntz%3D1%26usg%3DAFQjCNE2o_Byr3ECv
AnNCESDEdRuaG7Tyg#search=%22http%3A%2F%2Fscholar.valpo.edu%2Fcgi%2Fvi
ewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1288%26context%3Dvulr%22>
Steven Becker explores the changes in US policies towards the anti-terrorism efforts in
relatoin to the Geneva Convention in this well-articulated article. The drastic shift in the
USs attitude in foreign policy, most notably Guantanamo Bay, highlights the violations
in international and domestic law as the government searched for self-protection methods
as well as ways to enhance its own power. While the article demonstrated the methods
The Origins of International Humanitarian Law:The Geneva Convention Tiffany Hsieh and Mary Jiang
with which the federal government has changed its policies in regard to terrorism, much
of the journal is written from a leftist standpoint.
Dear, Ian C.B., and M.R.D. Foot. New York: Oxford UP, 2005. Print.
We used this book to understand how the Geneva Convention was upheld in different
countries during World War II. This book gave
Elsea, K.Jennifer. CRS Report for Congress Lawfulness of Interrogation Techniques under the
Geneva Conventions. 8 September 2004.
Farrell, Patrick. "What Is the Geneva Convention?" History News Network. George
Mason University, 2002. Web.
This website was used to understand how Henry Dunants experience at the Battle
of Solferino led to the creation of the Geneva Convention.
Genocide in Rwanda. United Nations. VIBSCO. Web.
<http://www.unitedhumanrights.org/genocide/genocide_in_rwanda.htm>
History.com Staff. "Nuremberg Trials." History.com. A&E Television Networks, 2010. Web. 04
Mar. 2014.
We used this website to get an understanding of what the Nuremberg trials were about.
This website provided us with information about what the defendants were being charged
of as well as the precedent they set for future humanitarian law endeavors.
O'Neill, William L. World War II: A Student Companion. New York: Oxford UP, 1999. Print.
This book helped us understand the historical context of the Geneva Conventions and its
origins.
McDonald, Neil and Sullivan, Scott, "Rational Interpretation in Irrational Times: The Third
Geneva Convention and the War on Terror" (2003). Faculty Scholarship. Paper 32.
The Origins of International Humanitarian Law:The Geneva Convention Tiffany Hsieh and Mary Jiang
<http://digitalcommons.law.lsu.edu/faculty_scholarship/32>
This article provided information on the USs actions in other countries on the basis of
anti-terror efforts as well as the application of the Geneva Convention. It was useful for
learning the USs past offenses as well as current upholding of the Geneva
Convention.Orr, C. Andrew. Unmanned, Unprecedented, and Unresolved: The Status of
American Drone Strikes in Pakistan Under International Law. 2011.
This article helped us to evaluate the USs drone strike policies under the Geneva
Convention and the application of international law.
Rotunda, Kyndra K. Applying Geneva Convention Principles to Guantanamo Bay (2009).
University of Richmond Law Review. Volume 43.
<http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1423522>
This article was one of the most helpful in showing us the USs Guantanamo Bay
policies and providing analysis on why they do not fall under the Geneva Conventions.
Rwanda:Crimes Against Humanity.Womenaid International. n.p. Web.
<http://www.womenaid.org/press/info/humanrights/rwanda%20hr.html>
We used this article for the statistics it provided about the Rwandan genocide and its
effects on the populations. It was helpful because it provided data from valuable sources,
such as the United Nations and other primary news outlets. The information was an
integral part of the Rwandan genocide resource because it provides first-hand accounts of
the event.