-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 2 -ÂÆ-°dç-•®Ω’ 2008
Sindhura: Hello, I am Sindhura here; may I
speak to Mandaara please?
(£æ…™, ؈’ Æœçüµ¿÷-®Ω†’ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’Ø√o.
´’çü∆-®ΩûÓ ´÷ö«x-úø-´î√a?)
Sahana: You mean Ms Mandaara Mukund, our
Manager?
(O’®Ω-ØËC ´÷ Manager, X´’A ´’çü∆®Ω
´·èπ◊çü˛ûÓØ√?)
(Ms = Æ‘Y N¢√-£œ«û√, é¬ü∆ ÅE ûÁL-Ê°çü¿’èπ◊ É≠ædç ™‰†-
°æ¤púø’, N¢√-£œ«-ûª-®·Ø√ ¶µº®Ωh ÉçöÀ-Ê°®Ω’ ¢√úø-†-°æ¤púø÷ Ö°æ-
ßÁ÷-TçîË Ææç¶-üµ¿Ø√ °æü¿ç)
Sindhura: Exactly.
(éπ*a-ûªçí¬)
Sahana: I'm afraid you can't right now. She is in
an important meeting.
(O’J-°æ¤p-ú≈-¢Á’ûÓ ´÷ö«x-úø-™‰®Ω’. Ç¢Á’ ´·êu-
¢Á’i† O’öÀç-í˚™ ÖØ√o®Ω’)
Sindhura: Oh, is that why I haven't been able to
get her on the cell for an hour now?
(Åçü¿’ÍéØ√ Ç¢Á’ Ø√éÓ í∫çô †’ç*
ÂÆ™¸™ üÌ®Ω-éπúøç ™‰ü¿’)
Sahana: You're right.
(Å´¤†’, Åçü¿’Íé)
Sindhura: I'm a close friend of hers and this is
personal and urgent. Would you
Could you put me thr ough to her?
mind putting me through to her?
(؈’ Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ü¿í∫_J ÊÆo£œ«ûª’®√LE. ÉC
î√™« ´·êu-¢Á’i† ´uéÀh-í∫ûª N≠æߪ’ç.
Ø√é¬-¢Á’†’ éπ©-°æ®√?)
Sahana: I'm afraid I can't. I have strict instruc-
tions not to disturb her till the end of
the meeting.
(éπ≠d-´æ ’çúŒ. O’öÀçí˚ ÅßË’uç-ûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ Ç¢Á’èπ◊
Åçûª®√ߪ’ç éπL-Tç-îª-èπÿ-úø-ü¿E Ø√èπ◊ éπ*a-ûª-
¢Á’i† ÇüË-¨»-©’-Ø√o®·.)
Sindhura: Oh, that disappoints me. The matter
can't wait that long.
(Ø√èπ◊ E®√-¨¡í¬ ÖçC. ÅçûªÊÆ°æ¤ ÇÊ°
N≠æߪ’ç é¬ü¿C.)
Sahana: I'm sorry. There's no helping it, ma'm,
but I have my instructions. Hope you
can understand.
(ûª°æpü¿’, éπ~N’ç-îªçúÕ. ØËØËç îËߪ’-™‰†’. Ø√
ÇüË-¨»©’ Ø√èπ◊-Ø√o®· éπü∆? O’®Ω®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-í∫-
©-®Ω-†’-èπ◊ç-ö«†’)
G. Shankar, keshavapur.
Q. The Bard of Avon. What is the meaning of
the underline part in telugu?
A. Bard
(-ví¬ç-C∑éπç) = éπN.
Avon (áß˝’-´Ø˛) –Shakespeare
ïEtç-*†
Stratford -ví¬´’ç Ñ †C äúø’f† ÖçC. Åçü¿’-éπE
Shakespeare †’ Bard of Avon Åçö«®Ω’.
Q. 'You have a car' What is the question tag
of it?
A. You have a car, don't you?
Q. My father has been admitted to hospital or
in hospital which is the correct usage?
A. Admit to/ Admit into a hospital. "In" ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’.
Q. If an employee was having a bad day. -Ñ -
¢√éπuç-™ having -¢√-úø-ôç éπÈ®Íéd-Ø√?
A. Have †’ am/ is/ are/ was/ were having form
™ problem/ difficulty éÀ ¢√úø-´îª’a. - Åçü¿’-éπE
He was having a bad day (a difficult/
unpleasant day).
K. Nagamani, Tadpatri
Q. Tahsildar - application
-ûÓ Ñ ™ sign
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
(Ma'm: Madam èπ◊ short form. (´’†ç °œLîË ´uèπ◊h© Ê°®Ω’
Pronunciation- ´÷¢˛’) îÁ°œp) place/ home,
Sindhura: Any other way you can help me? please?
2)
Å™«Íí ´’†ç °œ©’-
(O’®Ω’ Ø√éÀçÍé´’Ø√o îËߪ’-í∫-©®√?)
Sahana: I can certainly take a message. You Ææ’h†o ´uÍéh ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-
can leave a message, if it's not private. Ø√o®√ ÅE E®√n-Jç--èπ◊-
ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊, Am I speak-
(O’®Ω’ îÁ§ƒp-©-†’-èπ◊†o ¢√®Ωh Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ÅçCçîª-
ing to so and so,
í∫-©†’, Åü¿çûª ´uéÀh-í∫ûªç é¬éπ-§ÚûË, O’®Ω’ phone line
please? / Is this so and so, please Åçö«ç. ´’†ç ´÷ö«x-ú≈-©-†’-èπ◊ØË ´uéÀhéÀ éπ©-°æúøç
Ø√éπC îÁ°æpçúÕ)
3) 4) I can take a message -
Sindhura: OK. Perhaps that's the best I can do.
°j ¢√öÀéÀ Ææpçü¿-†í¬:
Here it is: I left behind my chain at Yes, please and who is this?/ O’®Ω’ îÁ§ƒp-©-†’-èπ◊çC ØËØ√-¢Á’èπ◊ ÅçCçîªí∫©†’.
Who is speaking please? Official/ formalí¬ message (¢√®Ωh) É´yúø´’çõ‰
her place last night. I hope it is safe. Åçö«ç.
Tell her from me to keep it safe. I'll Am I speaking to so and so? ÅØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ î√™« ñ«ví∫ûªhí¬ É¢√yL?
collect it from her when I visit her ï¢√-•’í¬, É™«çöÀ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ÅN (Messages) ®√Æœ Öçî√L.
next Friday. Yes, speaking (phone ´*a-†-¢√∞¡Ÿx phone BÆæ’- É™«:
(ÆæÍ®. É°æ¤púø’ ؈’ îËߪ’-í∫-L-Tç-ü¿™«x ÅüË èπ◊çõ‰) and who's this please? Åçö«ç. 1) Date : Call for (á´-JéÀ ´*açC Phone): ----
ņ’-èπ◊çö«. Ø√ íÌ-©’Ææ’ ¢√Rxçöx ´C 4) -§∂Ú-Ø˛ ´*a-†-¢√∞¡Ÿx Åçü¿’-¶«-ô’™ ™‰†-°æ¤púø’; 2) Call/ message from (á´J †’ç* phone):----
-™‰-¨»†’. ÅC ¶µºvü¿ç-í¬ØË Öçü¿-†’-èπ◊çö«. ´’®√u-ü¿í¬ I'm sorry/ I'm afraid he/ she is not 3) Time of call: ----
´îËa ¨¡Ÿvéπ-¢√®Ωç Ç¢Á’†’ éπ©’-Ææ’- here; / he/ she is out right now; will be back 3) a) Will call again (´’Sx Phone îË≤ƒh®Ω’)at ---
in ---minutes/ hours ÅØÓ Åçö«ç. (time)/ after/ in --- (- minutes/ half an hour/ an
5) - §∂Ú-Ø˛ ´*a-†-¢√∞¡Ÿx -§∂Ú-Ø˛ Åçü¿’-éÌØË ´®Ωèπÿ line™ hour etc.,)
ÖçúøçúÕ, °œ©’-≤ƒh†’ ÅØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ É™«-é¬-èπ◊çú≈ -§∂Ú-Ø˛ îËÆœ-†-¢√∞¡Ÿx, àüÁjØ√ message (¢√®Ωh)
Please hold (on)/ please hold the line ÅçCç-îª-´’çõ‰:
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 495 Åçö«ç. Message: ---- (èπ◊x°æhçí¬, ´·êu¢Á’i† Ææ´÷-î √®Ωç Åçû√
ÖçúËô’x)
Ñ Lesson™ -É-*a-† conversation™E message
®√Æœ Ms. Mandaara Mukundèπ◊ îª÷°œç-î√-LqçC É™«:
1) Date: ----
2) Call for: Ms. Mandaara Mukund, Manager
3) Call from: Ms. Sindhura
4) Time of Call: ---- AM/ PM
èπ◊-†o-°æ¤púø’ ´’Sx É°æ¤púø’ Official/ formal phone conversa- 5) Message: Ms Sindhura forgot her chain in
tion™ ¢√úË English ´÷ö«x-ú≈-Lq† B®Ω’, °j Ææ綵«-
BÆæ’-èπ◊çö«.)
Sahana: I'll convey this to your place/ home. Wants it to be kept safe at
home/ locker till her next visit next Friday. To
≠æ-ù™ í∫´’-Eçî√ç éπü∆?
her. I do under-
stand the impor-
-§∂Ú-Ø˛ ´*a† ´uéÀh ¢ÁçôØË Åçü¿’-¶«-ô’™ ™‰†-°æ¤púø’, call Ms Sindhura as soon as the meeting
tance of the mat-
¢√∞¡x†’ -§∂Ú-Ø˛ ü¿í∫_-®Ωèπ◊ °œ-L-îË O™‰x-†-°æ¤púø’ °j Ææ綵«-≠æù™E ends.
ter. I'll ask her to
éÀçC ´÷ô©†’ ¢√úøû√ç. É™«-é¬-èπ◊çú≈ (Åçõ‰ official/ formal 鬆-°æ¤púø’)
M.SURESAN 1) You mean Ms. Mandaara Mukund, our
call you as soon ´’†ç ´’¯"éπçí¬ (ØÓöÀ-´÷-ôûÓ/ oral) message
Manager? phone §ÒçC†¢√JéÀ ÅçCçî√-©çõ‰.
as the meeting ends.
(Ç¢Á’èπ◊ Ñ ´÷ô -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ñ‰-≤ƒh†’. N≠æߪ’ç 2) I'm afraid, you can't right now.
Ms. Mandaara, a/ one Ms Sindhura called you/
v§ƒ´·êuç Ø√éπ-®Ωn-¢Á’içC. O’öÀçí˚ Å®·- 3) Could you put me through to her? You had a call from a/ one Ms Sindhura an hour
§Ú-í¬ØË O’èπ◊ §∂ÚØ˛îËߪ’-´’E îÁ•’-û√†’.) 4) I can certainly take a message. You can leave ago. She left her chain behind at your place last
´’†ç Phone Conversation™ ¢√úË English a message. night it seems. She wants you to keep it safe at
home/ in a locker till she visits you again Friday.
°j´Fo Å®Ω nç Å´¤ -û ª ’-Ø √o®· éπ ü ∆?
´÷ö«x-ú≈-Lq† B®Ω’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç éπü∆.
1) O’®Ω ’ °œ © ’- Æ æ ’ h ç C/ ´÷ö«x - ú ≈- © - † ’- è π ◊ çC X´’A É™« Öçô’çC. ÉüËç ÅÆæ©’ éπ≠d-¢æ Á’iç-Cí¬ éπ†-°æ-úø-ôç-™‰ü¿’
´’J-éÌEo N≠æ-ߪ÷-L-°æ¤púø’ îª÷ü∆lç.
´’çü∆®Ω ´·èπ ◊ çü˛ û ÓØ√–í∫´ ’- E ç- î ªçúÕ . éπü∆.
´’†ç Éçûª´-®Ωèπ◊ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çC:
Official/ formal. Practice - îËÊÆh O’Íé ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC, áçûª Ææ’©-¶µº¢Á÷.
1) ´’†ç -§∂Ú-Ø˛ îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’, -§∂Ú-Ø˛ îËÆæ’h-†oC ÆæÈ®j†
ÉC
2)
É°æ p - ö À - é À - ° æ ¤ p úË O’®Ω ’ ´÷ö«x - ú ø - ™ ‰ - ® Ω - † ’èπ ◊ çö«.
†ç•®Ω’ÍéØ√ ÅE E®√n-Jç--èπ◊çö«ç.
Is this (phone no.) Please?/ Is this 3) Put me through-
éÓ-´’E O’èπ◊ á´-®Ω’ îÁ§ƒp®Ω’? - Q. Congress èπ◊ vote ¢Ë-ߪ’ç-úÕ,
S. Satyanarayana Murthy, Kakinada
A. Who told you to get the ¢Ë®·çîªçúÕ.
Q. Active Voice, Passive Voice
certificate signed by the A. Vote for congress and -© í∫’-Jç-* -
Tahsildar? make others vote for it.
N-´-Jç-îªç-úÕ.
Verb †’ Active Voice -†’ç-* Passive Voice- -
Q. Collector application Q. America èπ◊ Flight áEo
Ñ
™éÀ - ´÷-Ja-†°æ¤p-úø’ Voice -´÷®Ω’-ûª’ç-C éπ-ü∆.
sign
O’ü¿ îË®·-≤ƒh-†-Ø√o®Ω’ í∫çô-©èπ◊ ÖçüÓ éπ†’-éÓ\-´’E
í∫-ûª-ç-™ -O’®Ω’ -´÷®Ω-ü¿’ -Å-Ø√oÍ®-N’-öÀ? -
Ø√èπ◊. îÁ-•’-û√¢√?
A. The Collector said he would get the applica- A. Will you ask him to find out when the flight ´÷®Ω’-ûª’ç-ü¿-E -O’Í® éÀç-C -Ö-ü∆£æ«®Ω-ù-©’ -É-î√a®Ω’.
The enemy has bombed these bridges
tion signed for me. to America is/ the time of the flight to
America. (active voice) has + p.p.
Q. Minister ûÓ Ø√ °∂j™¸™ sign îË®·-≤ƒh¢√?
Q. The bridges have been bombed by enemy
A. Can you/ you will get the minister to sign my Ø√èπ◊ °æC ©éπ~©’ É´’tE Åûª-úÕéÀ îÁ°æpçúÕ.
(passive voice) have been +p.p.
file? A. Tell him to give me Rs.10 lakh.
Q. Students äéπ-JéÀ äéπ®Ω’ Ç-†q®Ω’x îÁ°æ¤pèπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’. Q. Åûª†’ Ø√èπ◊ °æC ©éπ~©’ ÉÊÆh É´’tE îÁ°æpçúÕ. - - Ééπ\-úø -¢√éπuç objectûÓ begin -Å-´¤-ûª’ç-C é¬-•-öÀd
bridges plural -™  -Öç-C é¬-•-öÀd have -¢√--ú≈®Ω’.
A. The students are getting one another to ™‰éπ-§ÚûË ™‰ü¿’.
Verb ™ -´÷-®Ω’p -Öç-C éπ-ü∆.
answer the questions. A. Tell him to give me Rs.10 lakh or nothing
at all. (10 ©éπ~©’ ™‰éπ-§ÚûË àO’-´ü¿’l). has +.p.p(active)
Q. -á´-È®-´®Ω’ Answers îÁ°œpç--èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’?
A. Who are all those that have got the answers Tell him to give me..... or leave it (îÁGûË îÁ°æpçúÕ have been +.p.p.(passive) -Ééπ\-úø passive™
been
given? ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ ™‰ü¿’) -Å-ü¿-†çí¬ -´-*aç-C.
ËÆœ -voice -´÷-J-†°æ¤p-úø’- tense ´÷-®Ω’-ûª’ç-üÓ
Q. ؈’ é¬çvÈí-Æˇèπ◊ vote ¢ËÆœ, ¢Ë®·ç* ÈíL-°œ-≤ƒh†’. Q. Ø√-ûÓ grammar îÁ°œpç--éÓ--ç -ÅØ√o®Ω’ Nü∆u-®Ω’n©’. -ü ¿-ß ª ’-î
A. I'll vote for congress, get others to vote for it A. The students don't want me to teach them - ™ ‰ - ü Ó - N -´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.
A. ’-† voice ´÷®Ω-ü¿’ -Å-E ®√--¨»ç.
and make it win. grammar. - §Ò®Ω -§ ƒ-ô
îË®·ç-- Voice ´÷-J-†°æ¤p-úø’ tense ´÷-®Ω-ü¿-E -ví∫£œ«ç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.
í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 11 -ÂÆ-°dç-•®Ω’ 2008
Adbhuta: Oh, what a morning it was! I haven't
had the like of it in years!
(Ŷ«s, ᙫ ÖçúÕçüÓ É¢√∞¡ Öü¿ßª’ç!
Å™«çöÀ Öü¿ßª’ç ÉØËo-∞¡x™ ؈’ á°æ¤púø÷
îª÷úø-™‰ü¿’)
Ascharya: Well, what happened?
(àç ïJ-TçC?)
Adbhuta: I overslept and got up late at 7.30. I
was late for office by almost an hour.
(´÷´‚-©’-éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\-´-ÊÆ°æ¤ Evü¿-§Ú®·
7.30èπ◊ ™‰î√. Office èπ◊ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ í∫çô
Ç©-Ææuçí¬ ¢Á∞«x)
Ascharya: Why? You could have made up for
your late rising in some other way.
What else went wrong?
(F Ç©-≤ƒuEo ÉçÍé Nüµ¿çí¬ØÁjØ√ ûªT_ç--éÓ-
†’ç-úÌa éπü∆? ÉçÍé-¢Á’iØ√ ïJ-Tçü∆?)
Adbhuta: Every thing. The bathroom was
flooded, and no water through the
tap. Somebody in the house kept
the tap on the whole night and the
water tank was dry.
(ÅFo†÷.
Bathroom
Åçû√ F∞Ï}.
Éçöx á´®Ó
®√vûªçû√
pump A°œp °ôd-úøçûÓ,
ë«S)
Ascharya: Things do happen like that some
times.
(éÌEo-≤ƒ-®Ωx™« ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’ç-ö«®·)
Adbhuta: Wait. You haven't heard the last of it.
The washing machine broke down
in the middle and the gas cylinder
had to be replaced in the middle of
cooking.
(Åçûª-öÀûÓ Å®·-§Ú-™‰ü¿’ (Ø√ éπ≥ƒd©’).
´’üµ¿u™ washing machine îÁúÕ-§Ú-
®·çC. ´çô Å´¤-ûª’ç-úøí¬ cylinder
´÷®√aLq ´*açC.)
Ascharya: I really pity you.
(E†’o îª÷ÊÆh Ø√èπ◊ ñ«™‰-Ææ’hçC)
Adbhuta: One of the pipes is still leaking and
the drainage system is choked.
(Pump ©™ äéπöÀ Éçé¬ é¬®Ω’-ûª÷ØË
ÖçC. Drainage ÍéüÓ Åúø’f-°æ-úÕçC)
Ascharya: Nothing surprising in it to people who
have seen a bit of life. Things either
good or bad do happen in a row.
They never happen alone.
Nagaraju,
Srikakulam.
éÀçC ¢√é¬u©†’ ÉçTx-
≠ˇ™ ûÁ©’-°æ í∫-©®Ω’.
Q. ®√-ïéÃ-ߪ’ -§ƒ-Kd °-ôd-úøç.
A. Starting a political party
Q. -§ƒ-Kd Ê°®Ω’ -ë®√È®jç-C.
A. The name of the party has
been confirmed.
Q . -§ƒ-Kd Ê°®Ω’ -v°æéπ-öÀç-îª-úøç.
A To announce/ Announcing
. ®√Eo ÅçCç-îª-™‰éπ§Ú´-úøç
the name of the party.
Q
. -´·ç-ü¿Ææ’h -á-Eoéπ-©’ -´-îËa
-Å-´é¬-¨¡ç -™‰-ü¿’.
A. There is no likelihood of
advance polls/ Advance
polls are unlikely.
Q behaviour. (ÅûªúÕ v°æ´-®Ωh†ûÓ
. -á-Eoéπ-©’ -´Ææ’h-Ø√o®·.
A The elections are coming.
.
Q. -§ƒ-Kd-™ ç-* -•-ߪ’-ôèπ◊- -´-îËa-ߪ’-úøç.
A. To quit/ Quitting a party.
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
b) Something has
(@N-ûªç™ éÌçûª ņ’-¶µº´ç Ö†o-¢√-∞¡xèπ◊ gone wrong with
É¢Ëç °ü¿l Ǩ¡a®Ωuéπ®Ω N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ 鬴¤. the washing
´’çîÁjØ√, îÁúÁjØ√ ´®Ω’-Ææí¬ ï®Ω’-í∫’-û√®·.
machine =
äéÌ\-éπ\-öÀí¬ ï®Ω-í∫´¤)
washing machine
Adbhuta: The only relief is the boss is out of
Ç
town. Otherwise I'd have had it.
àüÓ îÁúÕ-§Ú-®·-†-ô’dçC.
c) Something has
(äéπ\õ‰ é¬Ææh Ü®Ωô éπL-Tç-îËC. Boss gone wrong
Ü∞} ™‰éπ-§Ú-´úøç. ™‰éπ-§ÚûË Ø√ °æE Å®·-
between the friends. They are not in good
§Ú-ߪ·ç-úËC.) îÁ´’-ôí¬ Ö†o ¢Á·£æ…Eo Åü¿lúøç (hand ker-
terms now =
[[[ chief ûÓ) èπÿú≈ mop.
friends
It was very sultry and every one in the
Ç ´’üµ¿u™ àüÓ îÁúÕçC. ¢√J Ææç•ç-üµ∆-
°j Ææç ¶µ«-≠æ-ù-™ E N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ ´’†ç áü¿’-®Ì\ØË
Ææ´ ’Ææu© í∫ ’JçîË ÅE ûÁ© ’-≤ÚhçC éπü∆. They are our L-°æ¤púø’ ÆæJí¬ ™‰´¤. room was mopping their face = î√™« îÁ´’ôí¬
What's wrong? Ñ expression English con-
every day problems. Let us have a look at them
ÖçúÕçC. Ç í∫C™ Åçü¿®Ω’ ¢Á·£æ…©’ ûª’úø’--èπ◊ç-
and how they are expressed in English. versation ™ î√™« ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ωùçí¬ NE-°œ-Ææ’hç-
ô’-Ø√o®Ω’.
Look at the following expressions from the ô’çC. àC §Ò®Ω-§ƒ-ô’í¬ ïJ-TØ√ ÉC ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. b) The tap is leaking and the drainage is
d) "I am not going to office today."
dialogue above: choked. Call the plumber.
1) I haven't had the like of it in years. (ØËE-¢√∞¡ office èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡xúøç ™‰ü¿’) (°æç°æ¤ é¬J-§Ú-ûÓçC, drainage ™ F∞¡Ÿx EL-*-§Ú-
2) What else went "What's wrong?" ûª’-Ø√o®·. Plumber †’ °œ©’´¤.)
wrong? (à´’-®·çC?) Choke = F∞¡Ÿx §ƒ®Ω-èπ◊çú≈ EL-*-§Ú-´úøç (§Ò®Ω-§Ú-
3) The bathroom was
e) "I wish to leave imme-
flooded.
´úøç/ §Ò©-´÷-®Ωúøç èπÿú≈)
4) You haven't heard the
last of it.
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 496
diately." (؈’ ¢ÁçôØË
¢ÁR}-§Ú-¢√-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o)
Plumber = Taps (éÌ∞«-®·-©†’) pipes (F∞¡x
°j°æ¤-©†’), Drainage †÷ repair îËÊÆ-¢√∞¡Ÿx
Plumbing = Water
pipes, drainage
What else went wr ong?
èπ◊ Ææç•ç-
Cµç-*† N≠æߪ’ç.
Break down = ߪ’çvû√©’
îÁúÕ-§Ú-´úøç.
tank ™ F∞¡xçû√ 5) The washing machine broke down. "Is anything wrong?" Oô-Eoç-öÀF repair îËߪ’úøç– fix.
6) One of the pipes is still leaking. (à´’Ø√o §Ò®Ω-§ƒô’ ïJ-Tçü∆?/ àN’öÀ a) A plumber can fix the leaking taps and the
7) ... the drainage system is choked. N≠æߪ’ç) choking of drains = pump
鬮Ω’-ûª’†o ©†’,
8) ... for people who have seen a bit of Bathroom flooding, tap leaking drain
F∞¡Ÿx §ƒ®ΩE plumber fix (repair)
©†’,
life. (leaking taps)/ The washing machine îËߪ’-í∫-©úø’.
1) Haven't seen the like of it: The has broken down/ breakdown of the b) The cycle mechanic took just ten minutes
like of it = washing machine. to fix the puncture to the tube = Puncture
M.SURESAN
Å™«ç-öÀC/ Å™«çöÀ (≤ƒoØ√© í∫C ¢Á©’x-´-
repair (fix)
N≠æߪ’ç/ Ææç°∂æ’-ô†. ´úøç (FöÀûÓ EçúÕ-§Ú-´úøç), °æç°æ¤-F∞¡Ÿx †’ °æC EN’-≥ƒ™x î˨»úø’.
a) Rarely do we see the likes of Sachin and 鬮Ωúøç, washing machine °æE-îË-ߪ’-éπ-§Ú-´úøç) Åçõ‰ fix †’ à ®Ωéπ-¢Á’i† repair ÈéjØ√ ¢√úÌa.
Dhoni = These are all more or less everyday prob- a) When the fuse blow off, fortunately the
Sachin, Dhoni ™«çöÀ¢√∞¡x†’ ´’†ç Å®Ω’-ü¿’í¬ lems (More or less =
éπü∆? ü∆ü∆°æ¤) electrician was at hand to fix it = Fuse
repair
îª÷≤ƒhç. OöÀ-ûÓ-§ƒô’ the choking of the drainage sys- §Úí¬ØË ü∆Eo ¢ËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊/ îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊,
b) A record crowd attended the meeting. I tem = ´·®Ω’-í∫’-F®Ω’ ÇT-§Ú-´úøç. electrician
Åü¿%-≠d-´æ -¨»ûª’h ü¿í∫_-®Ω-™ØË ÖØ√oúø’.
b) Call me when the fuse blows off the next
hadn't seen the like of such a crowd at any Drain= ´·®Ω’-í∫’-F®Ω’ •ßª’-ôèπ◊ ¢Á∞Ïxç-ü¿’èπ◊ ´÷®Ω_ç/
time. I can fix it = fuse lights
other meeting = Ñ≤ƒJ §Ú®·,
鬩’´
ÇJ-§ÚûË ††’o °œ©-´çúÕ, ؈’repair îËߪ’-í∫-
Record
Ææ%≠œdçîËçûª ï†ç Ç Æ涵ºèπ◊ ´î√a®Ω’. Tap leaking, breakdown of the washing
©†’.
machine, electric fuse blowing off (fuse
Å™«çöÀ ïØ√Eo Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ à Æ涵º™ èπÿú≈ c) There is none here to fix the problem in
repair fix
the fan = Fan repair
îª ÷úø-™‰ü¿’. §Ú´úøç)– Oô-EoöÀF îËߪ’úøç, Åçö«ç. îËÊÆçü¿’èπ◊ Ééπ\úø
2) Go wrong = ÉCç-ûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ î√™«-≤ƒ®Ω’x ´’†ç a) The bathroom is flooded. Let's mop it =
á´y®Ω÷ ™‰®Ω’.
Bathroom Fix - äéπ Ææ´’Ææuèπ◊ °æJ-≥ƒ\®Ωç éπ†’-éÓ\-´úøç ÅØË
¢√ú≈ç. §Ò®Ω-§ƒô’ ï®Ω-í∫úøç/ àü¿-®·Ø√ ÆæJí¬, Öçú≈- F∞¡xûÓ EçúÕ-§Ú-®·çC. ü∆Eo ûª’úø’ü∆lç.
Lq† Nüµ¿çí¬ Öçúø-éπ-§Ú-´úøç. Mop= 1) ûªúÕí¬ Ö†o ØË©†’ ûª’úø-´úøç, mop ûÓ.
Å®ΩnçûÓ èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç.
a) Something is wrong with him/ Something 2) §Òúø-¢√öÀ éπv®Ω *´-®Ω† Å´’-Ja† cotton û√∞¡x The government feels it can fix the problem
has gone wrong with him = èπ◊çîÁ/ plastic °æ©éπ. (ØË©-O’ü¿ EL-*† F∞¡x†’ of hoarding =
Åvéπ´’ E©y© Ææ´’-Ææuèπ◊ °æJ-≥ƒ\®Ωç
Åûª-úÕ™ àüÓ ûª°æ¤pçC. ÅüËlç-ü¿’èπ◊/ ûÓÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç) éπ†’-éÓ\-í∫-©-†E v°æ¶µº’ûªyç ¶µ«N-≤ÚhçC.
Q Spoken English institute on your performance/ Your
. îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ í∫’Jhç-îª-èπ◊çú≈ Q. Shoved- -Åç-õ‰ -à-N’-öÀ? second
™‰ü¿’ 鬕öÀd. Å®·ûË
°-ôd-úøç. ÖçúË™«, °æôd-ù«™x/ †í∫-®√™x A. Shoved- Past tense of obstruction/ second hin-
chances of getting the job
A To start/ Starting a spoken depends on your perfor-
. D§ƒ©’ ¢ÁL-Tç-îª-èπÿ-úøE °æJ- shove = ûÓߪ’úøç/ ØÁôdúøç, drance (È®çúÓ ÅúøfçéÀ ÅØË
English institution. mance.
ÆœnA. ¢Á·®Ω-ô’í¬. Å®ΩnçûÓ) ņ-´îª’a. CyBߪ’
Q Black out Q
Q. First Off- -Åç-õ‰ -à-N’-öÀ?
. -Åç-õ‰ -à-N’-öÀ? Q. Roof top - -Åç-õ‰ -à-N’-öÀ? N°∂æ’oç– È®çúÓ ®ÓV Åçûª-®√ߪ’ç . îË-ûª’-©’ é¬-™«éπ -Çèπ◊-©’ °æ-ô’déÓ
A. a) Nü¿’uû˝ Ææ®Ω-°∂æ®√ Åçûª-®√ߪ’ç A. First Off- éπ*aûª-¢Á’i† Å®ΩnçûÓ A. ÉçöÀ °jéπ°æ¤p– éπ°æ¤p °j¶µ«í∫ç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ– the inauspicious -´-úøç.
(Ũ¡Ÿ-¶µº-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i†) break on the A. Damming a river after the
´©x éπLÍí <éπöÀ. É™«çöÀ expression àD-™‰ü¿’. Q. She did get your rock off- - waters have flowed out =
b) v°æ¶µº’ûªy/ Police Ççéπ~©, •£æ›¨» O’®Ω’ DEo first half Åç-õ‰ -à-N’-öÀ? second day ÅØÌa.
ÇüË-¨»© ´©x °ævA-éπ©’/ TV (¢Á·ü¿öÀÆæí∫ç– N®√´’ç ´·çü¿öÀ A. She did get your rocks off- Q. ¢Á-©’-ûª’®Ω’ Ææ-J-í¬ -™‰éπ-§Ú-´-úøç-ûÓ - F∞¡Ÿ} §ÒJx-§Ú-®·† ûª®√yûª †CéÀ
(Media) v°æï-©èπ◊ Ææ´÷-î √-
dž-éπôd ¢Ëߪ’úøç.
Ææí∫ç) èπ◊ §Ò®Ω-•úÕ Öçö«®Ω’. Get rocks off= 1) ¨¡%çí¬®Ω
Ç-ôèπ◊ -Åç-ûª®√-ߪ’ç éπ-L-Tç-C.
A. Bad light interrupted the (crying over spilt milk= äL-éÀ-
Q. Pisses off- -Åç-õ‰ -à-N’-öÀ? véÃúø/ Ææ綵-í∫ç™ éπLÍí Ææ^©†ç
(Black out of news. A. Pissed off- a) Piss off- äéπJE play/ The play was interrupt- §Ú- ®·† §ƒ©èπ◊ *çAç-îªúøç)-
2) ´’†èπ◊ džç-ü∆-EoîËa °æE-îË-ߪ’úøç. ed because of bad light. Q
get out ÅØË •ü¿’©’ ¢√úË-´÷ô.
. Ææ -Ø √uÆæ ç °æ¤-aéÓ.
ÉçC-®√-í¬çDµ NCµç-*†
emergency Ææ-´ ’-ߪ ’ç-™  Q. It is deadly to him. A Become a Sanyasin.
Piss Off = Get out. Q. Å-ûª-úø’ -Fèπ◊ Å-Eo -N-üµ∆-™« -ûª-T-† - .
media°j A. ÅûªúÕéπC ´’®Ω-ù«ç-ûªéπç/ î√´¤†’ Q
Be pissed of- äéπJ´©x/ äéπ
Ççéπ~© ´©x . -B ®Ω nç , -v°æ≤ƒ-ü¿ç.
´®Ω’-úø’.
É™«çöÀ black out éÌ-†≤ƒ- N≠æߪ’ç 鬮Ω-ùçí¬ NÆœT-§Ú-´úøç. . éπL-Tç-îËC. (Åçûª v°æ´÷-ü¿-¢Á’içC) A. He is a suitable groom A . B®Ω nç – DEéÀ éπ*a-ûªçí¬ ÆæÈ®j-†-
Q Refil ™ ink -Å®·-§Ú®·ç-C. (bride-groom) for you in ´÷ô English ™ ™‰ü¿’. Å-A
I am pissed off with his
Tç-C.)
c) Å°æ-≤ƒt-®Ωéπ ÆœnA™ °æúÕ-§Ú- A. The refil has run out of ink/ every way. ü¿í∫_-®Ωí¬ ´îËa ´÷ô libation-
is exhausted/ is dry.
´úøç/ û√û√\-L-éπçí¬ îª÷°æ¤/ Q. -F performance †’ -•-öÀd- job Å®·ûË ÉC-°æ¤púø’ ¢√úø’-éπ™ 
؈’ NÆœ-T-§Úߪ÷)
Q
ñ«c°æ-éπ-¨¡éÀh éÓ™p-´úøç. (Piss Åçõ‰ ´‚vûªNÆæ-®Ωb† -Cy-B-ߪ’ -N°∂æ’oç.
. Å-´é¬-¨»-©’ -Öç-ö«®·. ™‰ü¿’.--
d) ߪ·ü¿l¥ Ææ´ ’-ߪ ’ç™ ¨¡vûª ’ îËߪ’úøç– é¬Ææh •÷ûª’ éÀçü¿-™„éπ\– A. DEéÀ correct English ´÷ô A. Your job opportunity/ oppor- v°æ ≤ƒü¿ç – Offering (ØÁj¢Ëü¿uç
N´÷-Ø√©’ bomb ü∆úÕ ™‰ü¿’, English ¢√∞¡x-é¬-†-´’téπç tunity to get a job depends
go to toilet/ bathroom •ü¿’©’) °õ‰ d ǣ慮Ωç).
-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 16 -ÂÆ-°dç-•®Ω’ 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

P. Babu, Somandepalli ÉC ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Åçûª-¢√-úø’-éπ™ ™‰ü¿’. Åçü¿’-éπE ÉC So that = àüÁjØ√ ïJ-

Q. If clause ¢√úø’éπ, -ü∆-E-™-E ®Ω鬩’ Å®Ωn-´’-´úøç é¬Ææh éπ≠dçæ . Ííç-ü¿’èπ◊.
Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. If he were Doctor, I would consult him. (Åûªúø’ He started early so
A. If clause - An If clause is a group of Doctor Å®·ûË, ÅûªúÕE ؈’ Ææçv°æ-C-≤ƒh†’. Åûª-úø’ that he can reach the
words beginning with 'If' and having a Doctor é¬úø’, Åçü¿’-éπE ؈’ Ææçv°æ-Cç-’/ Ææçv°æ-Cç- place on time = Ææ´’-ߪ÷-
verb in it. If ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº¢Á’i verb ÖçúË EéÀ îË®Ω’-èπ◊-ØË-ô’xí¬/ îË®Ω’-èπ◊-
îª-úøç ™‰ü¿’)
group of words †’ If clause Åçö«ç. Å®·ûË
É™«çöÀ If clauses ≠æ®Ω-ûª’©’ (conditions) ûÁL-Ê°-´- Nç-ûÁE’Ææ ’ éπü∆? -É-C improbable (Å´-é¬-¨¡ç-™‰E/ Ææ綵º- ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊í¬-†’ Åûªúø’ °çü¿-
present (v°æÆæ’hûªç). ™«úË •ßª’-©’-üË-®√úø’.
®·ûË ¢√öÀE conditional clauses Åçö«ç. Öçúø-ö«-EéÀ )
Have a room mate so that you may not feel Q.
4. Imaginary past– -Ü£œ«ç-èπ◊-ØË í∫-ûªç/ -E-ïçé¬-E-C éÀçC-¢√-öÀE ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ N´-Jç-îª-
conditional clauses Ø√©’-í∫-®·Ø√ ´’†èπ◊ confusion lonely = room mate
éπL-Tç-îËN ´‚úË. If he had started earlier, he would have seen ã †’ îª÷Ææ’éÓ, äçô-J-ûª†ç ņ’- í∫-©®Ω’. Had better, had rather, would rather,
her = é¬Ææh ´·ç-üË •ßª’-©’-üË®Ω’ç-õ‰ Åûª-ú≈-¢Á’†’ îª÷ÊÆ- ¶µº-Nç-îª-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊. sooner than, rather than.
Conditional Clauses (If clause expressing a Provided that = if = Å®·ûË / Ç °æéπ~ç™.
condition) Ö†o sentence ™ main clause (a ¢√úË. Had better -
Ææ©£æ… ÉîËaç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úË-´÷ô.
a) Provided that you pay all your fees dues
clause with complete meaning) èπÿú≈ Öçô’çC. (Åûªúø’ Ç©-Ææuçí¬ •ßª’-©’-üË®√úø’, Åçü¿’-éπE Ç¢Á’†’ You had better go to bed early -
†’´¤y °çü¿-™«úË
you will get your hall ticket = fees
She had better stop taking
îª÷úø-™‰ü¿’.) F •é¬-®·-©Fo Evü¿ §Ú´úøç ´’ç*C.
hall ticket
É™«ç-öÀN -Ø√-©’í∫’ ®Ωé¬-©’í¬ Öçö«®·.
If clause verb- had been/ had + past participle
îÁLxç-*-†-ôx-®·ûË/ îÁLxçîË°æéπ~ç™ Fèπ◊ coffee =
Ç¢Á’ coffee
BÆæ’-éÓ-èπ◊çú≈ Öçúøôç ´’ç*C.
1) Éçü¿’™ îÁÊ°pN á°æ¤púø÷ ï®Ω’-í∫’-û√®·/ Eïç.
(past perfect) Main clause verb- would have/
É≤ƒh®Ω’.
a) If you heat a substance, it expands. Had rather - Ñ expression English ™ ™‰ü¿’.
b) I will go there pro-
should have/ could
(´Ææ’h-´¤†’ ¢ËúÕ-îËÊÆh ÅC ¢√uéÓ-*-Ææ’hçC/ ü∆E size vided (that) you pay for Would rather = ´’† É≥ƒdEo ûÁLÊ° expression
have/ might have been
°®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çC.) my travel = Ø√ v°æߪ÷ù - äéπöÀ îËߪ’-ú≈Eéπçõ‰ ÉçéÓöÀ îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ É≠æd°æúøôç.
or would have/ should
b) If you turn to the east in the morning, you ê®Ω’a©’ †’´¤y ¶µºJÊÆh/ I would rather starve than eat in that restau-
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 497 ¶µ¢Á∞ºJ¡-ûçîË√†’. °æéπ~ç™ ؈-éπ\-úÕéÀ û√†’
see the sun. have/ could have/ might
rant = Ç £æ«Ùô™x AØËçü¿’éπçõ‰ °æÆæ’hç-úËçü¿’èπ◊ É≠æd°æúø-
have + past participle.
(§Òü¿’l† ûª÷®Ω’p--¢Áj°æ¤ AJ-TûË Ææ÷®Ω’uúø’ éπE-°œ-≤ƒhúø’.) ؈’. (starve = °æÆæ’hç-úøôç)
Ñ È®çúø’ sentences sooner than = Åçûª-
™†÷, If (conditional)
No wher e else do you see this system
éπçõ‰ ûªy®Ωí¬.
clause ™, main clause ™
He recovered sooner
verbs present tense ™ØË
Öçö«®·. If clause ™ than the Doctor had
îÁ°œpçC ïJ-TûË, main expected = Doctor ņ’-
clause ™C éπ*a-ûªçí¬ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çC. b) If he had consulted me, I would Provided é¬Ææh ví¬çC∑éπç. E•ç-üµ¿-†©÷, èπ◊†o ü∆E-éπçõ‰ ûªy®Ωí¬ éÓ©’-èπ◊-Ø√o-úø-ûª-úø’.
Sentence A: Verb in 'If' clause - heat - have given him good advice = Åûªúø’ îªôd °æJ-¶µ«-≠æ™ áèπ◊\´í¬ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. Recover = éÓ©’-éÓ-´úøç. Å®·ûË would sooner
present tense; verb in the main clause - expands ††’o Ææçv°æ-Cç* Öçõ‰ (Ææçv°æ-Cç-îª-™‰ü¿’) As though = Å®·-†ô’x, é¬-F, -é¬ü¿’ than ÅØ√o rather than ÅØ√o Å®Ωnç – would rather
- present tense. Åûª-úÕéÀ ؈’ ´’ç* Ææ©£æ… Éaç-úË-¢√-úÕ-E – He speaks as though he were very (°j† N´-Jçî√ç éπü∆)™« äéπ-°æE éπçõ‰ ÉçéÓ °æE
Sentence B: If clause verb - turn - present (É´y-™‰ü¿’). clever = àüÓ î√™« ûÁL-¢Áj-†-¢√-úø-®·-†ô’x îËÊÆçü¿’èπ◊ É≠æd°æ-úøôç.
tence; Main clause verb - see - also present Éü¿çû√ ïJ-T-§Ú-®·çC– -Ü-JÍé ņ’- (é¬ØË-é¬úø’) ´÷ö«x-úø-û√úø’. I would sooner starve than eat in that restau-
tense. èπ◊çö«ç, Å™« ïJ-TûË/ ï®Ω-éπ\-§ÚûË ¶«í∫’ç- M.SURESAN As though = As if. rant = I would rather starve than eat in that
´·êuçí¬ facts of science/ universal truths úËD.. É™«. ü∆-E-E í∫’-Jç--* îË-ߪ’-í∫-L-Tç-üË- In as much as = Ç ¢Ë’®Ωèπ◊. restaurant.
îËÊ°pô°æ¤púø’ É™« ´Ææ’hçC. O’™‰ü¿’. Åçü¿’-éπE ü∆-E-E imaginary past Åçö«ç. In as much as he knew about it, he went on Q. éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ ûËú≈†’ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. ÉN past
Éçü¿’-™ØË ÉçéÓ ®Ωéπç: ÉC í∫ûªç™ ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ M.V. Subrahmanyam, Chillakur talking = ûª†èπ◊ ûÁL-Æ œç-ü¿çû√ Åûªúø’ ´÷ö«xúø’ûª÷ habits †’ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-≤ƒhߪ÷?
Q. éÀçC conjunctions èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®√n©’ ÉÆæ÷h, ÖØ√oúø’. ÉC out dated - ¢√úø’-éπ™  ™‰ü¿’. 1. I would take milk in the morning.
ïJ-T† N≠æߪ’ç.
If I opened the door/ whenever I opened the Else - some -, every-, any-, no-, ©ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç- 2. I used to take milk in the morning.
door/ I always saw him standing there.
ᙫ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√™ ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ.
In order that, On condition that, Even if, So
¶µº´ ’ßË’u ´÷ô©-ûÓ (some one, every one, any A. 1) ؈’ §Òü¿’l-†- §ƒ©’ BÆæ’-èπ◊-ØËçü¿’èπ◊ É≠æd°æúø-û√†’/
؈’ ûª©’°æ¤ ûÁJÊÆh, Åûª-úø-éπ\úË E©-•úÕ éπ†-°æ-úË-¢√úø’. where, no where É™«çöÀ ´÷ô-©ûÓ) éπL°œ ¢√úÕûË,
that, Provided that, As though, In as much
If clause verb- opened (simple past) Éçé¬ ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. Question words, 'wh'- ûÓ (í∫ûªç™) É≠æd-°æ-úË-¢√-úÕE.
main clause verb- saw (also simple past) as, As if, Else, Lest
begin ÅßË’u ´÷ô-©ûÓ ´Ææ’hçC.
2) ؈’ §Òü¿’l† §ƒ©’ û√Íí¢√úÕE.
°j È®çúÕçöÀ N≠æߪ’ç™ Åçûª confusion ™‰ü¿’. A. In order that = ÅC ïJÍíçü¿’-èπ◊-í¬†’. Q. Wren & Martin ™ explanation ™ govern,
Some one else was there besides him =
É°æ¤púø’ ÉN îª÷ü∆lç. He worked hard in order that he may have modify, qualify ÅØË °æü∆©’ ¢√ú≈®Ω’. OöÀ í∫’Jç*
enough money in his old age = He worked
Åûª-úÕ-ûÓ-§ƒô’, Éçé¬ á´®Ó ÖØ√o-®Ω-éπ\úø.
a) If he comes here, his mother will be happy No where else do you see this system =
ûÁ©’-í∫’™ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
(-Å-ûª-úÕ-éπ\-úÕéÀ ´ÊÆh ¢√∞¡x´’t ÆæçûÓ-≠œ-Ææ’hçC) = hard in order to have enough money in his A. Govern - äéπ ´÷ô ÉçéÓ ´÷ô†’/ phrase †’
Åûª-úÕ-éπ\-úÕéÀ ´îËa Å´-鬨¡ç ÖçC. ¢√∞¡x´’t ÆæçûÓ-≠œçîË old age = He worked hard to have enough Ñ °æü¿l¥A ÉçÈé-éπ\ú≈ éπ†-°æ-úøü¿’.
govern îËÊÆh Ç ´÷ô, Ç ÉçéÓ ´÷ô†’/ phrase
money in his old age = He worked hard so Or else = ™‰éπ-§ÚûË = otherwise
Å´-é¬-¨¡´‚ ÖçC. ÉC probable present. (v°æÆæ’hûªç/ †’ ¢√úË Nüµ∆Eo ¨»Æœ-Ææ’hçC.
Future ™ ïJÍí Å´-鬨¡ç Ö†o N≠æߪ’ç) If clause - that he may have enough money in his old Come exactly at 7 daily as else you will lose
The Government of India. Ééπ\úø India is gov-
comes- present tense. Main clause - will be - age = ´·ÆæLûª†ç™ î√L-†çûª úø•’sçúËçü¿’-èπ◊-í¬†’ your job = ®ÓW àúÕç-öÀéÀ ®√¢√L, ™‰éπ-§ÚûË F ÖüÓuí∫ç
erned by the preposition 'of'.
future tense. Åûªúø’ î√™« éπ≠d-°æ æúÕ °æE-îË-¨»úø’/ v¨¡N’ç-î√úø’. §Úûª’çC.
Modify - äéπ-´÷ô Å®√nEo ÉçéÓ-´÷ô áèπ◊\´
b) If he can come at 7, he can/ will be able to In order that/ in order to/ to/ so that = Åçü¿’- lest = so that not = Å™« é¬èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊.
meet her. èπ◊-í¬†’. OöÀ™ In order that/ in order to é¬Ææh He took enough care lest some one (should) îËߪ’úøç. ≤ƒ--üµ∆®Ω-ùçí¬ á™«? ÅØË v°æ¨¡oèπ◊ Ææ´÷-üµ∆†çí¬
-Å-ûªúø’ àúÕç-öÀéÀ ®√í∫-L-TûË – (®√´îª’a- – Ç Å´-鬨¡ç ví¬çC∑éπç. to/ so that, simple. deceive him = ûª††’ á´®Ω÷ ¢Á÷Ææ-Tç-îª-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-
´îËa ´÷ô, ÉçéÓ ´÷ô†’ modify îËÆæ’hçC. Adverb,
verb †’/ adjective †’/ ÉçéÓ adverb †’ modify
ÖçC) Åûª-ú≈-¢Á’†’ éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓí∫LÍí Å´-鬨¡ç ÖçC. ÉC They are collecting money in order to that ü¿’èπ◊ Åûªúø’ ûªí∫’ ñ«ví∫ûªh BÆæ’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’.
èπÿú≈ v°æÆæ’hûªç/ future ™ Ææ綵º´ç. they may help/ in order to help / so that they may Q. Object of a preposition Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? Subject,
îËÆæ’hçC.
If clause verb - can come- present tense help/ to help the flood victims = ´®Ωü¿ ¶«Cµ-ûª’-©èπ◊ He sang well. ᙫ §ƒú≈úø’? Well. 鬕öÀd Well,
Object ÅØËN verb Íé Öçö«®· éπü∆. Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù-
(future implied) - Main clause- can meet/ Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√∞¡Ÿx úø•’s §Úí∫’-îË-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’. sang †’ modify îËÆæ’hçC.
©ûÓ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. -
will be able - present (future implied) On condition that = Ç ≠æ®Ω-ûª’èπ◊ ™•úÕ; A. Preposition èπ◊ -üËEE/ á´-JE ÅE v°æ¨¡o ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊çõ‰ Qualify - í∫’ù-í∫-ù«-©†’ ûÁ©-°æúøç – adjective
DEE probable present Åçö«ç. I will give you the loan on condition that you ´îËa answer, object of the preposition. îËÊÆ-°æE (´Jgç-îªúøç).
3) a) If he saw me here now/ were to see repay it by this month end = Ñ ØÁ-™«-ê-®Ω’-™°æ¤ †’´¤y a) They threw stones at the police – Ééπ\úø He is a tall boy. Ééπ\úø tall boy †’ ´Jg-≤ÚhçC. So,
me here now, he would be/ would feel very AJ-TîËa ≠æ®Ωûª’ O’ü¿ Fèπ◊ ؈’ Å°œp≤ƒh†’. the adjective 'tall' qualifies the noun, boy.
preposition 'at' éπü∆? At whom? Åç--õ‰ police -Å-ØË
angry - The Principal re-admitted him on condition answer ´Ææ÷hç-C éπ-ü∆. Å°æ¤púø’ police is the object
Ñ sentence Å®Ωnç î√™« Ææp-≠dçæ í¬ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L. that he will not repeat what he has done = Åûªúø’ of the preposition, 'at'. Nagaraju, Srikakulam
Åûª-úÕ-°æ¤púø’ †Eo-éπ\úø îª÷úøôç Åçô÷ ïJ-TûË (ïJÍí îËÆœçC ´’Sx îËߪ’-†ØË ≠æ®Ω-ûª’-O’ü¿ ÅûªúÕE principal ´’Sx b) The police are searching for the terrorist - éÀç-C-¢√-öÀ-E -ûÁ-©’í∫’-™ -à-´’ç-ö«®Ó -ûÁ-©’°æí∫-©®Ω’.
Å´-鬨¡ç ™‰ü¿’) -Å-ûª-úÕéÀ î√™« éÓ°æç ´Ææ’hçC. (ÉD îË®Ω’a-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’. Q. üË-´¤-úÕéÀ -ØÁj-¢Ë-ü¿uç °-ôd-úøç.
ïJÍí Å´-鬨¡ç ™‰ü¿’) – Ééπ\úø tenses í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. Ééπ\-úø preposition, for = éÓÆæç. á´-J-éÓÆæç ¢Áûª’-èπ◊-ûª’-
A. Making an offering to god.
Even if = Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ; Å®·Ø√ èπÿú≈ ’? terrorist éÓÆæç, 鬕öÀd terrorist, Ééπ\úø object
If clause: Past simple/ were (even for singu-
Ø√o®Ω Q. ¢Á·èπ◊\ -B®Ω’aéÓ-´-úøç.
a) Even if the Chief Minister asks me to con- of the preposition, 'for'.
lar subjects)- saw; Main clause- would/ should/
could) might + Ist Regular Doing Word.
test, I won't = CM ††’o §ÚöÃ-îË-ߪ’-´’E ÅúÕ-TØ√/ îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆ verb ûª®√yûª preposition ´ÊÆh, °j Q.. Fulfil
A
-û ª-©-F -™
one's vows.
«-©’ Ææ-´’-Jpç-éÓ-´-úøç.
b) If I were very strong, I could beat him.
ÅúÕ-TØ√ èπÿú≈ ؈’ §ÚöÃ-îË-ߪ’†’. senteces ™ ´÷C-Jí¬ - î√™« verbs ûª®√yûª prepo-
A Offering of hair.
؈’ •©-´ç-ûª’-úÕ-†®·-ûË (鬆’), ¢√úÕE ãúÕç-îª-í∫-©†’. Contest = §Úöà îËߪ’úøç/ §ÚöÃ. sitions ´Ææ’hç-ö«®· éπü∆? eg: look at, pay for, jump
.
b) Even if the CM recommends you, I won't into, etc. - Å™«-´-*a-†-°æ¤púø’ ≤ƒ-üµ∆®Ω-ùçí¬ preposition Q . -Å -´ ’t-¢ √-JéÀ é¬-†’éπí¬ -É-´y-úøç.
A Making/ offering a gift/ something to the
(é¬E É°æ¤púø’ îËߪ’-™‰†’)
give you the job = CM E†’o recommend îËÆ œØ√/ ûª®√y-A-´÷ô (á´JE, üËEE -Å-ØË v°æ¨¡oèπ◊ Ææ´÷-üµ∆-†çí¬ .
If clause; If I were strong - verb - were - Main
´îËaC), object of the preposition Å´¤-ûª’çC. deity.
clause verb - could beat.
îËÆœ-Ø√-èπÿú≈ ؈’ Fèπ◊ ÖüÓuí∫ç É´y†’.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 21 -ÂÆ-°dç-•®Ω’ 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Punya: Has Moksha come back? Punya: You've guessed aright. Let's make it at b) The dents on the
(¢Á÷éπ~ AJ-íÌ-*açü∆?) 6. (†’´¤y ÆæJ-í¬ØË Ü£œ«ç-î√´¤. ÇJç-öÀéÀ car show that it
Priya: She has. I met her yesterday. ¢Á∞«lç) has bumped
(´*açC. E†o ؈’ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√o†’) Priya: OK. against some-
´’†ç éÌçûª-é¬-©çí¬ phrasal verbs †’ í∫’Jç* thing = car
Punya: She must have launched into a long
Ç üËEéÓ
account of her travels. ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç. Phrasal verbs Åçõ‰ ûÁ©’Ææ’ úµŒ éÌçü¿E ü∆E-O’ü¿
(ûª† v°æߪ÷ù«©†’ í∫’Jç* D®Ω`çí¬ îÁ°æpúøç ´’†èπ◊ – È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ ´÷ô-©’ç-ö«®·, äéπ phrasal ≤Òôd™‰ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-
¢Á·ü¿-©’-°-ô’dç-ú≈--™‰) verb - Åçü¿’™ äéπöÀ verb, N’í∫-û√N preposition/ ûª’-Ø√o®·.
adverbí¬ ÖçúË *†o ´÷ô©’ – at, for, in, into etc. Dent= ≤Òôd
Account = ´÷´‚-©’í¬ ´’†ç account Åçõ‰ 5) A real doll = phrasal verb
™„éπ\©ØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úø’-ûª’çö«ç. Å®·ûË äéπ phrasal verb ¢Á·ûªhç Å®√n-EéÃ, Åçü¿’™ 3) Hang out = äÍéîÓô î√™«-ÊÆ°æ¤ í∫úø-°æúøç– °æE
idiom.
é¬ü¿’,
î√™« Åçü¿-í∫ûÁh. ÉC
Account Åçõ‰ Ééπ\úÕ Å®Ωnç, äéπ N≠æߪ’ç/ Ææç°∂æ’-ô-
ÖçúË äéÓ\ ´÷ô Å®√n-Eéà àç Ææç•çüµ¿ç Öçúøü¿’. ÉC ÖØ√o ™‰éπ-§Ú-®·Ø√.
conversation™ ¢√úø’-ûª’çõ‰ practice O’ü¿ a) Though a real doll, she never made it good
´’† a) He hangs out at the park most of the
††’ í∫’Jç* N´-®Ωçí¬ îÁ°æpúøç. Å®Ωn´’ßË’u N≠æߪ’ç. Ñ lesson ™ ´’†ç ´÷´‚-©’í¬ as a model =
evenings = park
î√™« ≤ƒßª’ç-vû√©’ Åûªú≈ ™ î√™« Åçü¿-í∫ûÁh Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ
Priya: She did of course. It seems while her model
Eûªu-@-N-ûªç™ ¢√úø-í∫© phrasal verbs ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç. í∫úø’-°æ¤-û√úø’, °æØËç-™‰éπ. í¬ ûª†’ Åçûª °jéÀ ®√™‰-éπ-§Ú-®·çC.
cousin was driving her home in b) Being a real doll, she has set quite a num-
Look at the following expressions from the b) She hangs out at the beauty parlour wast-
Chennai, their car bumped against the conversation above. ber of hearts afire =
ing all her money on beauty care =
î√™« Åçü¿-í∫ûÁh é¬-´-úøç
pavement.
á°æ¤púø÷
1) She must have launched into a long account Ç¢Á’ Ç beauty parlour ™ØË í∫úø’-°æ¤-ûª’çC, ´©x î√™« ߪ·´ £æ«%ü¿-ߪ÷-©†’ Ç¢Á’
(Ç °æØË îËÆœçC. ûª† cousin ûª††’ ÉçöÀéÀ of her travels. ≤˘çü¿®Ωu §Ú≠æ-ùèπ◊ úø•’s ´%ü∑∆ îËÆæ÷h. éπ©-´-®Ω-°-öÀdçC.
car ™ BÆæ’-Èé-∞¡Ÿ-ûª’çõ‰ -Å-C pavement èπ◊ úµŒ 2) .... their car bumped against the pavement. (Set afire = set fire to = ÅÆæ-©®Ωnç – ûªí∫-©-¶„-ôdúøç.
Hangers out = äéπîÓô
éÌöÀdç-ü¿ô.) 3) She used to hang out áèπ◊\´ Æ洒ߪ’ç í∫úÕ-Ê°¢√∞¡Ÿx Ééπ\úø éπ©-´-®Ω-°-öÀdçC)
pavement = Road èπ◊ È®ç-úø’ -¢Áj-°æ¤© ÖçúË é¬L-¶«ô, with Moksha all the 6) The long and short of = ≤ƒ®√稡ç = ÅÆæ©’
´’†ç ´÷´‚-©’í¬ ûª°æ¤pí¬ platform Åçô’çö«ç. time.
(àO’ ûÓîªéπ)
The police have rounded N≠æߪ’ç èπ◊x°æhçí¬ – ÉC èπÿú≈ idiom ´÷vûª¢Ë’.
DEéÀ ÉçéÓ-´÷ô Kerb. American - side walk. 4) Moksha and she used
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù up the hangers out at the Phrasal verb é¬ü¿’. Phrasal verb Å®·ûË äéπ
Pavement dwellers = É©’x ™‰éπ pavement O’ü¿ØË to while away their
time...
498 park after 10.30. = ´÷ô verb í¬ Öçô’çC.
a) You have said enough.
@Nç-îË-¢√∞¡Ÿx.
dwell - live; dweller =
The long and short of it

She is a r eal doll

people who live
Punya: Hope they are
safe.
(¢√∞¡xÍéç 鬙‰-ü¿-†’-
èπ◊çö«)
Priya: Nothing very serious fortunately, but
Moksha's ankle is badly sprained. She
is walking with a limp.
(Åü¿%-≠d-´æ -¨»ûª’h Åçûª °ü¿l í¬ßª÷™‰ç ™‰´¤, é¬E
¢Á÷éπ~ <©-´’çúø (é¬LéÀ §ƒü∆Eo éπLÊ° éé’)
¶«í¬ ¶„ùÀ-éÀçC. é¬Ææh èπ◊çô’-ûª÷ †úø’-≤ÚhçC.)
Sprain = ¶„ù’èπ◊/ ¶„ù-éπúøç
Punya: Sorry to hear that. I must go and see her
then.
(NØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¶«üµ¿í¬ ÖçC. äéπ-≤ƒJ ¢ÁRx îª÷ú≈-
©-®·ûË.)
Priya: You know her cousin, Kaivalya, don't
you? She was here for two years. She
used to hang out with Moksha. Don't
you remember?
(ûª† cousin Èéj´©u Fèπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’ éπü∆?
Ééπ\úø È®çúË-∞¡ŸxçC. á°æ¤púø÷ ¢Á÷éπ~-ûÓØË ÖçúËC.
Fèπ◊ í∫’®Ω’h-™‰ü∆?)
Punya: I do of course. I know Kaivalya. Moksha
and she used to while away their time
shopping, going to movies or chatting.
(áçü¿’èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’? Èéj´©u Ø√èπ◊ ¶«í¬
ûÁ©’Ææ’. ûª†÷ ¢Á÷éπ~ á°æ¤púø÷ àüÓ äéπöÀ
éÌçô÷, ÆœE-´÷-©-Èé-∞¡Ÿûª÷, éπ•’®Ω’x îÁ°æ¤p-èπ◊çô÷
鬩ç í∫úÕ-Ê°-¢√∞¡Ÿx.)
Priya: She is a real doll, this Kaivalya, with her
round face, dimples, dark round eyes.
(î√™« Åçü¿çí¬ Öçô’çC Èéj´©u, í∫’çvúøöÀ éÀç-C °æ-ü∆-©èπ◊ -Å®√n-©’
¢Á·£æ«ç, -≤Ò-ôd -•’-í∫_©’, †©xöÀ í∫’çvúøöÀ éπ∞¡Ÿx.) -N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.
Punya: Yea, enough. The long and short of it all
is that she is really cute.
(Å´¤†’. î√©’. †’´¤y îÁÊ°p ´÷ô©
≤ƒ®√稡ç Åçû√ Ç Å´÷t®· î√™« Åçü¿-¢Á’iç-
ü¿E)
cute = Åçü¿-¢Á’i†
Priya: So when are you going to see Moksha?
If I have the time, I'll go with you as well.
(Å®·ûË ¢Á÷éπ~-ØÁ-°æ¤púø’ îª÷≤ƒh´¤? Ø√èπ◊ BJ-
èπ◊çõ‰ ؈’ FûÓ ´ü∆l-´’E)
Punya: Likely this evening, but in any case,
tomorrow.
(≤ƒßª’çvûªç 鬴a ™‰ü∆ Í®°æ¤)
Priya: If it is tomorrow, it will be in the evening,
won't it?
(Í®°æ-®·ûË, ≤ƒßª’ç-vûª¢Ë’ éπü∆?)
is that you are not at
fault - îÁ°œpçC î√©’.
†’´¤y îÁÊ°p-ü¿çû√/ îÁÊ°p-
ü∆E ≤ƒ®√稡ç, ûª°æ¤p
5) She is a real doll 10.30 ûª®√yûª park ™ í∫úø’-°æ¤-ûª’†o¢√®Ωç- FC é¬ü¿E.
6) The long and short of it all is that b) The long and short of his speech was that
ü¿-JF police ©’ Åü¿’-°æ¤-™éÀ BÆæ’-èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’.
she is cute. his party alone could serve the country
4) While away = Ææ®Ω-ü∆í¬, •ü¿l-éπçûÓ
7) Likely this evening, in any case, =
Çߪ’† Ö°æ-Ø√uÆæç ≤ƒ®√稡ç Åçû√, ûª† party
tomorrow.
鬩ç í∫úÕ-Ê°-ߪ’úøç
a) We whiled away our time watch-
äéπ\õ‰ ü˨»-EéÀ ÊÆ´ îËߪ’-í∫-©-ü¿E.
8) You've guessed aright. 7) In any case = àC à¢Á’iØ√/ àC ïJ-T-†-°æp-öÀéà =
ing the TV and playing cards =
1) Launch into = ÉC èπÿú≈ phrasal verb é¬ü¿’. Prepositional
Ææ’D-®Ω`çí¬ Öû√q£æ«çûÓ îÁ°æp-úøç/ M.SURESAN
üË-E í∫’Jç-îª-®·Ø√
TV îª÷Ææ÷h, Ê°é¬ô Ç-úø’ûª÷ 鬩ç í∫úÕ-
phrase.
Ê°¨»ç Ææ®Ω-ü∆í¬, •ü¿l-éπçûÓ.
a) I am likely to go there in a day or two; in any
´Jgç-îª-úøç ¢Á·ü¿-©’-°-ôdúøç.
a) Just mention the US, and he launches into b) Don't while away your time. Do some thing
case before thursday = ØËØÌéπöÀ È®çúø’ ®ÓV™x
an account of his tour to the place = †’´¤y solid = F time Å™« í∫úÕ-Ê°Ææ÷h ´%ü∑∆ îËÆæ’-éÓèπ◊.
Åéπ\-úÕéÀ ¢Á∞Ôxa; àüË-¢Á’iØ√ í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç ´·çü¿Í®
Å¢Á’-Jé¬ Ê°È®-û√h-´çõ‰ î√©’/ Ê°È®-ûªh-úø¢Ë’ Ç©Ææuç, í∫öÀdí¬ àüÁjØ√ îË®·. ¢Á∞¡û√.
¢√úø’ ûª† °æ®Ωu-ô† O’ü¿ Ææ’D-®Ó`-°æ-Ø√uÆæç É≤ƒhúø’. c) He has a lot of property to fall back upon, b) There is no use complaining now. In any
b) She launched into a narration of her expe- so he just whiles away his time = Åûª-úÕéÀ 鬴- case we aren't going to get back the money
riences as the only woman in her office = ©-Æœ†çûª ÇÆæ’hçC, ÇÆæ®√ ÉîËaç-ü¿’èπ◊. Åçü¿’-éπE - É°æ¤púø’ ¶«üµ¿-°æúÕ v°æßÁ÷-ï†ç ™‰ü¿’. àüË-¢Á’iØ√ Ç
ûª† office ™ ûªØÌ-éπ\-ûË Æ‘Yí¬ ûª† ņ’-¶µº-¢√-©†’ Å™« 鬩ç í∫úÕ-Ê°-Ææ’hç-ö«úø’, àç îËߪ’-èπ◊çú≈. úø•’s ´’†èπ◊ AJT ®√ü¿’.
í∫’Jç* N´-Jç-îªôç ¢Á·ü¿-©’-°-öÀdçC. To fall back upon = éπ≥ƒd™ x Åéπ\-®Ω-éÌîËaçü¿’èπ◊ 8) Guess aright = ÆæJí¬ Ü£œ«ç--éÓ-´úøç.
Give an account of = ã ´%û√hçûªç (N≠æߪ’ç) a) The old woman has none to fall back upon a) ''That's the car you want to buy, isn't it?"
N´-®Ω-ùí¬ îÁ°æpúøç. Narration = éπü∑¿†ç – üˆo®·Ø√ = Ç ´·Ææ-™«-N-úøèπ◊ éπ≥ƒd™ x Åéπ\-®Ω-éÌ-îËaç-ü¿’èπ◊/ ÇÆæ- (Ç car ØË éπü∆ †’´¤y éÌ-Ø√-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’çC?)
éπü∑¿™« îÁ°æp-úøç. Narrate= (éπü∑¿) îÁ°æpúøç. ®√í¬ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊ á´®Ω÷ ™‰®Ω’. 'You've guessed aright. How do you know,
2) Bump against = úµŒ éÌôdúøç = Crash into/ hit/
b) He has a little savings in the bank to fall (Correct í¬ØË Ü£œ«ç-î √´¤. ᙫ ûÁ©’Ææ’ Fèπ◊?)
knock against.
back on/ upon = àüÓ ÇÆæ-®√-éÌ-îËaç-ü¿’èπ◊/ Åéπ\-®Ω- b) She guessed aright that the police were
a) The car bumped against a lamp post and
éÌ-îËaç-ü¿’èπ◊ bank ™ §Òü¿’°æ¤ îËÆæ’-èπ◊†o looking for her = ûª† éÓÆæ¢Ë’ police ©’ îª÷Ææ’h-
rested on the kerb = Ç car light Ææh綵«Eo úµŒ
éÌô’dèπ◊E pavement O’ü¿ EL-*çC. ≤Ò´·tçC. Ø√o-®ΩE Ç¢Á’ ÆæJ-í¬_ØË Ü£œ«ç-*çC.
Q. Pylon Q. subscription
A.V. Subba Rao,
îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ äéπ °æE îË°æöÀd °æ‹Jh
Oripenta A. î√™« áûª’h™ Nü¿’u-Bh-í∫-©†’ éπLÊ° A. îªçü∆ îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ Å´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’i† úø•’s.
¶«í¬ áûªh-®·† metal Ææh綵«©’. Q. enterprenuer Price: äéπ ´Ææ’h´¤ éÌØËç-ü¿’èπ◊, àüÁjØ√
High voltage wires †’ ¶«í¬ A. enterprenuer – Pronunciation
ÊÆ´†’ §ÒçüËç-ü¿’èπ◊ îÁLxçîË üµ¿®Ω.
Q. Fellowship áûª’h™ ÖçîËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. Ççô-v°-Ø√(®˝)– Å®Ωnç ≤ƒ£æ«-ÆæçûÓ The cost of construction of a house
Q. contribution
A. ≤ƒçí∫ûªuç áçûÓ Â°ü¿l áûª’h† °ô’d-•úÕ Â°öÀd = É©’x éπõ‰dç-ü¿’-éπßË’u ê®Ω’a.
Q. Tycoon A.
The price of the building =
1) îªçü∆ 2) üÓ£æ«ü¿ç/ Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç ¢√u§ƒ®Ωç †úÕ°œ ™«¶µºç §ÒçüË-¢√∞¡Ÿx.
Q. swap
A. ¢√u-§ƒ®Ωç-™/ -§ƒ-J-v¨»-N’éπçí¬ -áç-ûÓ îËߪ’-úøç/ -ûÓ-úøpúË N≠æߪ’ç. Ç éπôdúøç (¶µº´†ç, É©’x, etc) üµ¿®Ω.
Q. feedback
A.
Q. help desk, help line
Ææ秃-Cç* ûªü∆y®√ °æ©’-èπ◊-•úÕ, ´÷JpúÕ/ ´÷®Ω’a-éÓ-´úøç.
A. 1) äéπ °æE áçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ¶«í¬ ïJ- Q. melo drama
≤Ún´’ûª °ç-èπ◊†o ´uéÀh.- A. àüÁjØ√ ÆæçÆæn NE-ßÁ÷-í∫-ü∆-®Ωxèπ◊ Ö*ûª
Q. Big shot TçC, ™§ƒ-™‰-´’Ø√o ÖØ√oߪ÷, A. melo drama =
ÅA ü¿’”êç/ ÅA- Ææ£æ…ߪ’ Ææ´÷-î√-®√-©ç-CçîË à®√pô’.
A. v°æ´·ê/ ´·êu-¢Á’i†/ °æ©’-èπ◊-•-úÕ-í∫© áçûª- Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-éπ-®Ωçí¬ -Ö-Ø√o-ߪ’-E £æ…Ææuç/ ÅA-vÊ°´’/ ÅA û√uí∫ç– É™« Help desk= Ææn©ç,
Éûª-®Ω’© -†’ç-* -´-îËa Ææ©£æ…, N´’®Ωz,
Help line = phone.
´uéÀh ÅFo ÅAí¬ îª÷°œÊÆh ¢√Ææh-N-éπçí¬
Q. Pilot project
Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç. 2) Mike ©’ amplifi- Ö†o éπü∑¿©’, Ø√ô-鬩’, ÆœE-´÷©’–
er ©™ ´îËa ¨¡•lç. Q. protem speaker
A. àüÁjØ√ v°æù«-Réπ/ project áçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ¶µ«®Ω-Bߪ’ ÆœE-´÷©’ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ÅFo
A. Assembly/
Nï-ߪ’-´ç-ûª-´’-´¤-ûª’çüÓ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-ØËç- Q. enterprises melo dramas (having too much éÌûªhí¬ à®√p-ô-®·-†
Parliament, Speaker
ü¿’èπ◊ v°æßÁ÷-í¬-ûªt-éπçí¬ E®Ωy-£œ«çîË A. Company/ ¢√u§ƒ®Ωç. °-ü¿l -á-ûª’h-† of sentiment to be realistic.)
†’ ᆒo-èπ◊-ØË-
Q. cost - price
´-®Ωèπ◊ Æ涵« ´u´-£æ…-®√-©†’ †úÕÊ°
project. ü∆E ïߪ÷-°æ-ï-ߪ÷-©-†’-•öÀd, ≤ƒ£æ«-≤Ú-Ê°-ûªçí¬ Â°ô’d-•-úÕûÓ E®Ωy-£œ«çîË -Ñ È®ç-úÕç-öÀ -ûË-ú≈ û√û√\-Léπ speaker.
ü∆Eo é̆-≤ƒ-Tç-îª-úø´÷, ´÷†’-éÓ-´- ¢√u§ƒ®Ωç.Enterprises (plural) -N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.
úø´÷ ÅØËC E®Ωg-®·-≤ƒh®Ω’. ´·êuçí¬ company Ê°®Ωx™  éπE -°œ-Ææ’hç-C. A. Cost - äéπ ´Ææ’h´¤ éÌØËç-ü¿’èπ◊,

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 23 -ÂÆ-°dç-•®Ω’ 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

A. Sridhar, Oripenta Everyone of the

Q. night out A. ®√vûªçû√ ¢Ë’™Ô\E Öçúøôç.
boys knows what he
éÀ-ç-C-¢√-öÀéÀ -Å®√n-©’ -N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’. Q. dam good A. î√™« ¶«í∫’†o.
Q. Basic Instinct A. ØÁjïç/ ØÁjï-í∫’ùç has to do- Ééπ\úø
Q. turbonator A. Ñ ´÷ô English ™
Q. blue mat A. ÉC °æü¿ç é¬ü¿’, everyone pro-
™‰ü¿’. Turban ûª©-§ƒí¬, èπ◊
America ™ ã noun he,
Bowler Harbhajan
Åçü¿’-éπE
company Singh ûª©-§ƒí¬ ô’d-èπ◊E verb knows.
èπÿú≈
Ê°®Ω’. NÈéô’x °æúø-íÌ-úø-û√úø’. (ter- ÉC pronoun agree-
Q. blue print A. Blue Print = 1) ´’†ç îËߪ’-¶ßË’ minate - Åçûªç îËߪ’úøç; ment.
Q. Knowledge and Wisdom
°æ†’-©èπ◊ ûªßª÷-®Ω’-îË-Ææ’-èπ◊ØË v°æù«-Réπ. terminator - Åçûªç îËÊÆ- The boy knows what he is expected to do,
eg: A blue print for the devel- ¢√úø’ – Åçü¿’-éπE ÅûªúÕE and what he is capable of doing. boy Ééπ\úø A. Knowledge- Nñ«c†ç/ äéπ subject îªü¿-´-úøç-´©x,
opment of atomic energy - Å™« ´u´-£æ«-J-≤ƒh®Ω’) consistent (uniform
•ü¿’©’, he pro-
í¬) ÅØË °æ¤Ææh-鬩, °æJ-¨-üµ¿-†-©-´©x ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ØË N≠æߪ’ç.
Åù’-¨¡éÀh ÅGµ-´%-Cl¥éÀ v°æù«-Réπ. Q. frustration A. E®√¨¡ ´©x éπLÍí EÆæp %£æ«/ noun pronoun consistency.
¢√úøôç Wisdom- ñ«c†ç– @Nû√†’¶µº-¢√© ´©x, Ç™-©
2) §ƒûª ®ÓV™x v°æûËuéπ FL-®Ωçí∫’ é¬Tûªç O’ü¿,
Give milk to the child after it boils.Ééπ\úø after
E®Ω’-û√q£æ«ç ´©x ´’†ç §ÒçüËC.
building ©, ߪ’çvû√© photo copy (eg: A Q. Location and situation
A. Sudhakar, Bhiknoor it boils milk child èπÿ pro-
blue print of the proposed building - v°æA-§ƒ-
ÅE éπü∆ ÖçC, èπÿ,
noun, it. after it boils A. Location= v°æü˨¡ç= situation. Å®·ûË situation
C-Ææ’h†o building plan) Q. v°æA Éçô-®Ω÷yu™ 'Tell us about yourself' ÅE 鬕öÀd Ééπ\úø Åçõ‰ §ƒ©’
èπ◊ ÉçéÓ Å®Ωnç, °æJ-ÆœnA. I don't want to face such
Q. awesome A. Ææçv¶µº-´÷-¨¡a-®√u©’ éπLTçîË– Åçûª
´’J-T† ûª®√yûª ÅE é¬èπ◊çú≈ Gúøf ´’J-T† ûª®√yûª
a situation again= Å™«çöÀ °æJ-Æ œnA ´’Sx áü¿’-®Ó\-
Åúø’-í∫’-û√®Ω’. DEéÀ Ææ´÷-üµ∆-†çí¬ Å¶µºuJn •ßÁ÷-úË-ö«-
Ææ’©-¶µºçí¬ Å®Ωnç-é¬-èπ◊çú≈ ¶µºßª’ç, ûÓ-§ƒô’ àN’ îÁ§ƒpL? ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC éπü∆, it, child èπ◊ ü¿í∫_-®Ωí¬
A. Tell us about yourself ņo-°æ¤púø’ first, Ê°®Ω’
Öçúøôç ´©x, É™«çöÀ N°æ-K-û√®Ωnç, pronoun ambi- ¢√-©E ™‰ü¿’ Ø√èπ◊.
Q. Wishes and Congratulations
íı®Ω´ç, é¬Ææh ÇçüÓ-∞¡† éπL-TçîË
guity (ÆæçüË£æ«ç) ´©x ´Ææ’hçC. É™«çöÀN °ü¿lí¬
(ÆæEo-¢Ë-¨»©’/ ü¿%¨»u©’/ 鬮√u©’) îÁ•’û√ç – My name is so and so ÅE begin A. Wishes=
Q. wake-awake A. wake - Evü¿-™‰-°æúøç. Awake = îËߪ’-èπ◊çú≈ (English medium LKG, UKG °æöÀdç--éÓ-éπçúÕ.Correct ÅE ûÓ*çC ´÷ö«x-úøçúÕ. éÓJ-éπ©’/ Çé¬ç-éπ~©’. äéπ-JéÀ (´’ç*) àü¿-
°œ©x™«x), I am so and so; I am from (O’ ÜJ ®·Ø√ ï®Ω-í¬-©ØË Çé¬ç-éπ~(©’)
¢Á’©-èπ◊-´í¬ Ö†o G. Madhusudan Suryapet
Congratulations= á´-È®jØ√ àüÁjØ√ ≤ƒCµÊÆh ´’†ç
Q. sleep-asleep A. sleep - Evü¿-§Ú-´úøç. Asleep - Ê°®Ω’), location (District, Q. ¢√JÍé Å®Ωnç é¬éπ-§ÚûË ´’†-¢Á’ç-
nearest important city, O’ ûÁLÊ° ÅGµ-†ç-ü¿-†©’.
Evü¿-§Ú-ûª’†o ûªöÀ ¢√∞¡xç ņ-ú≈-EéÀ English ™
Q. loud-aloud A. loud - Gí∫_-È®j† Aloud - Gí∫_-®Ωí¬ family background
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 499
á´-È®jØ√ àüÁjØ√ ´’ç*/ íÌ°æp °æE v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-îË-ô-
"When they could not °æ¤púø’ ´’†ç wishes/ best wishes îÁ§ƒhç. ¢√∞«x-
(he spoke in a loud (Agriculture/ business/ ser-
voice; He was speak-
°æE Nï-ߪ’-´ç-ûªçí¬ °æ‹Jh-îË-Æœ-

Who did you lear n it fr om?

ing aloud)
†-°æ¤púø’ congratulations
îÁ§ƒhç.
Q. rise-arise-arose
Q. Time table and
A. rise -
Schedule
™‰´úøç/ Evü¿-™‰-
´úøç/ E©-•-úøôç = vice, etc), your siblings (ûÓ•’-ô’d-
Arise - Ææ´’-Ææu-™«xç-öÀN ûª™„-ûªhúøç understand that after all A. Time table= à Ææ´’-ߪ÷-EéÀ àC ï®Ω-í¬™ ûÁLÊ°
´¤©’), your education (school and what we are" Åçõ‰ ÆæJ-§Ú- °æöÀdéπ= Schedule.
Arise from - üËE-´-©x-®·Ø√ éπ©-í∫úøç (Ææ´’-Ææu-™«xç-
college), present occupation, É™« schedule
öÀN). Å®·ûË Arise = rise. Rise èπ◊ Ö†o Å®√n©’ îÁ§ƒpL. ´’†èπ◊ ´÷´‚-©’í¬ äéπ ûª’çü∆? èπ◊ ¢ËÍ® Å®√n©’: 1) Ç¢Á÷ü¿ç §ÒçC† à
DEéà ÖØ√o®·, é¬F Ç Å®√n-©ûÓ arise §ƒçúÕûªuç. minute Æ洒ߪ’ç É≤ƒh®Ω’. äéÓ\-≤ƒJ
A. When even they can't/ when they v°æù «-R -ÈéjØ √.
Q. round-around A. Round - í∫’çvúøöÀ/ ô÷d. themselves can't understand it, 2) äéπ ÖüËl-¨¡çûÓ ûªßª÷-®Ω’-îË-Æœ† ÅCµ-é¬-Jéπ ñ«G-û√©’.
Around = ô÷d.
áèπ◊\´ Æ洒ߪ’ç èπÿú≈ É≤ƒh®Ω’.
what about us?/ how can we
Å°æ¤púø’, O’ interests, hobbies Jhansi, Mangalagiri
Q. right-aright A. Right = ÆæÈ®j†. M.SURESAN after all?
Q. -E-†o é¬xÆæ’-™  -áç-ûª-´®Ωèπ◊ -îÁ°æ¤pèπ◊-Ø√oç?
™«çöÀN îÁ§Òpa.
Aright = ÆæJí¬.
Q. A, An, The ÉN articles éπü∆. OöÀE demon- Ravuri Sridevi, Jammulapalem A. What did we learn yesterday?
Q. flight-aeroplane A. Flight = °æéÀ~/ N´÷†ç
strative adjectives Åçö«-È®ç-ü¿’èπ◊? éÌEo Öü∆-£æ«-
áí∫-®Ωúøç; N´÷† v°æߪ÷ùç Q. Barrage and Reservoir Q. °æ¤Ææ-hé¬-©’ -îË-ûÓh °æ-ô’dèπ◊-E -îª-ü¿-´ç-úÕ.
Q. wait-await A. Wait for = Await - await A. Barrage (Pron: British •®√ñ¸– ñ¸, measure A. Hold your books in your hands and read
®Ω-ù-©ûÓ ûÁ©-°æçúÕ.
A. °∂晫-Ø√C ÅE ûÁLÊ° (demonstrate îËÊÆ) adjec-
ví¬çC∑éπç ™ su ™«/ American- ¶«Jñ¸) Åçõ‰ F∞¡Ÿx §ÒJx§Ú- them.
tives ™« Öçö«®· 鬕öÀd– a/ an- äéπ/ àüÁjØ√/ Ç.
Q. ultimatum A. *´J £«îªa-Jéπ – Ç ûª®√yûª èπ◊çú≈, ´®Ω-ü¿-F∞¡Ÿx v°æ´÷ü¿ç éπL-Tç-îª-èπ◊çú≈, Ç°œ Q. -Åç-ü¿®Ω÷ £æ«Ùç-´®Ω’\ -îË-¨»®√?- -
Q. Who, that, which © Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ
Ééπ îªÍ®u ÖçîËç-ü¿’èπ◊ éπõ‰d •©-¢Á’i† íÓúø. A. Have all of you done the home work?
Q. police combing A. Police ©’ ØË®Ω-Ææ’h© éÓÆæç N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. Reservoir- F∞¡x†’ E©y-îËÊÆ Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ à®Ωp-úÕ†/ Q. -Åç-ü¿®Ω÷ -™‰-* ®√-´-ü¿’l. -äéπ-J -ûª®√y-ûª -äéπ®Ω’
í¬Lç-îªúøç A. Who = á´®Ω’? Who is he? (Çߪ’-ØÁ-´®Ω’?) who ´÷†´ EJt-ûª-¢Á’i† -¨¡ßª’ç. ®Ωç-úÕ.
Q. covert A. ®Ω£æ«-Ææu-¢Á ’i† X overt has done this? (ÉC îËÆ œç-üÁ-´®Ω’?) who =
Q. G.O. and Proceeding A. Don't all of you come to me at the same time.
whom = á´JE/ á´-JéÀ etc.
A. G.O.- Government Order- v°æ¶µº’ûªy îªö«dEo Å´’- Come one by one.
(¶«£æ…-ô-¢Á’i†)
Q. core committee A. Core committee = ã Who did you learn it from? = †’´yC á´J
©’-î ËÊÆ Nüµ ∆-Ø √Eo ûÁL Ê° v°æ¶µº’ûªy Çñ«c°ævûªç. G.O. Q.- Åç-ü¿®Ω÷ -°-ü¿lí¬ -îª-ü¿-´ç-úÕ.
ÆæçÆæn™ ´·êu-¢Á’i† Íéçvü¿ ü¿í∫_®Ω ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊-Ø√o´¤? Núø’-ü¿© é¬EüË îªö«d-EéÀ 鬮Ωu-®Ω÷°æç Öçúøü¿’. A. All of you read aloud.
Ææç°∂æ’ç Who did you defeat? = †’¢Óy-úÕç*çC á´JE?
Proceeding: v°æ¶µº’-ûªyç-™ E NNüµ¿ ¨»ë«-Cµ-°æ-ûª’©’ Q. ´·ç-ü¿’í¬ £æ«Ùç -´®Ω’\ -îª÷≤ƒh. -ûª®√y-ûª é¬xÆˇ -
Q. punch dialogue A. Punch Dialogue = Ææ綵«- Who did they give it to? = ü∆Eo ¢√∞¡Ÿx á´-J-éÀ- (Heads of Departments) ûª´’ ¨»ê™x G.O. îÁ-•’-û√-†’.
≠æù ¢Á·ûªhç™ ÅA ´·êu- î√a®Ω’?
A. I'll first check your home work and then teach
¢Á’i† dialogue. Å´’-©’-îË-ÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ ñ«K-îËÊÆ °ævûªç.
That = Ç. Q. Certificate and Diploma
Q. boom A. Boom = 1) (¢√u§ƒ-®Ωç™) the lesson.
Give me that book (Ø√é¬ °æ¤Ææhéπç É´¤y) A. Certificate- 1) äéπ-JéÀ Ö†o Å®Ω|-ûª-©†’ ûÁLÊ°
That- Relative pronoun.
N°æ-K-ûª-¢Á’i† °®Ω’-í∫’-ü¿©/
Å´’t-鬩 ñ®Ω’. °ævûªç. Vicky, Karimnagar
This is the book that I gave him yesterday= Certificate Course= àü¿-®·Ø√ subject ™ Péπ~ù
2) •÷ç ÅE NE-°œçîË ¨¡•lç. Q. India win by 5 wickets. v°æûªuéπ~ v°æ≤ƒ-®Ωç™ öÃO™
Q. stamina A. Ææûª’h´
؈-ûª-úÕ-éÀ-*a† °æ¤Ææhéπç ÉüË. §ÒçC/ °æKéπ~ ®√Æœ Ç subject ™ Å®Ω|ûª ûÁa-èπ◊- ÉçúÕߪ÷ Èí©-´-í¬ØË Ñ õ„jöÀ™¸ ¢Ë≤ƒh®Ω’. Win •ü¿’©’
Which E 'à—? ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ question ÅúÕ-Ííç-ü¿’èπ◊ ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ course.
Q. namkeen A. ÉC English ´÷ô-é¬ü¿’. won ®√¢√L éπü∆.
¢√úøû√ç. Diploma: 1) Degree Certificate ™«çöÀ Nü∆u-®Ω|-
Q. inter act A. á´JûÓ-†-®·Ø√ ´÷ö«x-úøôç, A. Éçûªèπ◊ ´·çü¿’ î√™«-≤ƒ®Ω’x îÁ§ƒpç. News Paper
Which book is yours? (à °æ¤Ææhéπç FC?)
éπLÆœ °æE-îË-ߪ’úøç, etc. ûª†’ ûÁLÊ° °ævûªç. Headings/ TV Headings ™, ïJ-T-§Ú-®·†
Q. zinc food A. zinc = ߪ’¨¡ü¿ç– äéπ metal
Which E that ™« relative pronoun í¬ ¢√úøû√ç. 2) äéπ EKg-ûª-é¬-©ç™ àü¿-®·Ø√ subject ™ §ÒçüË N≠æ-ߪ÷-©-ÈéjØ√ Present Simple ¢√úøû√-®ΩE.
(™£æ«ç) zinc food èπ◊ This is the book which gives you the infor- Péπ~ù- Diploma course ÅE èπÿú≈ Åçö«®Ω’.
Q. Kurnool, Cuddalore, Allahabad -™«ç-öÀ Ê°®Ωx-™  -
mation you want = O’é¬\-¢√-Lq† Ææ´÷-î √®Ωç ÉîËa Q. Receipt and counterfoil
v°æûËu-éπ-¢Á’i† Å®Ωnç-™‰ü¿’.
A. Receipt= ®ΩQü¿’, Counterfoil= †éπ©’
Å-†-´Ææ®Ω -Åéπ~®√-©’ -áç-ü¿’èπ◊? Kurnool, Kadapa-
Q. dare devil A. v°æ´ ÷-ü∆-©èπ◊ ™„éπ\-îË-ߪ’- °æ¤Ææhéπç ÉüË. Å-E -áç-ü¿’èπ◊ ®√Ææ’éÓ-™‰ç?
Q. Pronoun agreement, pronoun consistency, Q. Electronics and Electricals
èπ◊çú≈, à ≤ƒ£æ«-≤ƒ-E-ÈéjØ√ A. É´Fo British ¢√∞¡Ÿx ´’† Ü∞¡x Ê°®Ωxèπ◊ ¢√úÕ† É°æp-
pronoun ambiguity Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù©’ A. Electronics- Electronic °æJ-éπ-®√-©™ Nü¿’uû˝
Æœü¿l¥-°æ-úË-¢√®Ω’.
v°æ¢√-£æ…Eo Åüµ¿u-ߪ’-†ç-îËÊÆ ¨»ÆæYç (Electron èπ◊ öÀ†’-ÈéjØKadapa √ ´÷JÊÆh ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC. É°æ¤púø’ Cuddapah
Q. count down A. °j ÅçÈé †’ç* (100 ™‰ü∆ ûÁ©-°æçúÕ. ÅØË Spell îËÆæ’hØ√oç éπü∆.
10 †’ç*) Ææ’†o ´®Ωèπ◊ A. É´Fo Technical terms- grammar †’ v°æûËu-éπçí¬ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*†)
Q. Get together party -Å®Ωnç -à-N’-öÀ?
™„éÀ\ç-îªúøç, bombs, rock- îªC-¢Ë-ô-°æ¤púø’ ´îËaN. É¢Ëç ûÁL-ߪ’-èπ◊ç-ú≈ØË correct Electricals- Ñ ´÷ô áèπ◊\-´í¬ Shops boards
ets ™«çöÀN Ê°™‰açü¿’èπ◊ í¬ English ´÷ö«x-úøôç ≤ƒüµ¿u¢Ë’. Å®·Ø√ éÀçü¿ N´- O’ü¿ éπE-°œ-Ææ’hçC. ´÷´‚©’ ¶µ«≠æ™ electrical A. †©’-í∫’®Ω÷ éπLÆœ ûËFöÀ Nçü¿’/ dinner îËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç.
´C-™‰ç-ü¿’èπ◊. 2) ´·£æfi®Ωhç J-Ææ’hØ√oç. ÉN ûÁL-ߪ’-èπ◊ç-ú≈ØË English îªéπ\í¬ ÅØË Åçö«ç– Å®Ωnç– Nü¿’uûª’hèπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*†/
ü¿í∫_-®Ω-°æ-úøôç. ´÷ö«x-úÌa/ ®√ßÁ·îª’a. Nü¿’u-îªa ¥éÀhûÓ °æE-îËÊÆ.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 25 -ÂÆ-°dç-•®Ω’ 2008
500th Lesson on Spoken English
Dear Readers,
Here is our 500th lesson on Spoken English.
Starting on June 12, 2005, this course in
Spoken English has had an uninterrupted run
so far. A page on Spoken English, three to four
times a week, along with a page on Vocabulary/
Grammar Made Easy, running for a period of
three years and a quarter and still going on is
perhaps a record. And we must thank you, the
readers for your whole-hearted and enthusias-
tic support.
Our plan for the lessons: Each lesson is a
continuation of the previous lesson. At the
same time, even the new reader is sure to
find in it some thing very useful for improv-
ing his/ her Spoken English skills.
Your numerous letters with your questions on
and doubts about Spoken English encourage
Advaith: How much have you been able to col- Vedanth: We can do nothing. We've to bear it;
lect for the party we've thought of hav-
ing?
(´’†ç ņ’-èπ◊†o party éÀ áçûª´’ô’èπ◊
§Úí∫’-îË-ߪ’-í∫-L-í¬´¤?)
Vedanth: Not much, I'm afraid. All that we could Advaith: OK. Mom has set the
scrape together was about Rs. 3000,
and that's
That will ser ve the purpose
nowhere near
our need.
(ÅçûËO’ ™‰ü¿’.
áçûÓ éπ≠ædçûÓ
´’†ç §Úí∫’îËߪ’-í∫-L-TçC ´‚úø’-¢Ë©
®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’™‰.)
I'm afraid = (Ééπ\úø) I am sorry
Advaith: That's quite disappointing. Our esti-
mates are around Rs. 9000. A large
chunk of the amount goes to the
singer and his band.
Vedanth: I'll eat but I don't want you
(î√™« E®√-¨»-éπ-®Ωçí¬ ÖçC. ´’† Åçîª-Ø√©’
ü∆ü∆°æ¤ 9000 ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’©’. ü∆ØÓx
áèπ◊\´¶µ«í∫ç í¬ßª’-èπ◊-úÕéÀ, ÅûªúÕ band èπÿ
É¢√yLq Öçô’çC.)
Chunk = ¶µ«í∫ç, band = ¢√ü¿u •%çü¿ç
Vedanth: Why should we have an out of town
band? I think we can make do with a
local band. That will serve the pur-
pose, I think.
(•ßª’-öÀ-†’ç* ´îËa band áçü¿’èπ◊ ´’†èπ◊?
≤ƒnEéπ band ûÓ Ææ®Ω’l-èπ◊-§Ú-´îª’a ņ’èπ◊çö«.
ü∆çûÓ ´’†èπ◊ °æE ïJ-T-§Ú-ûª’çC)
Advaith: Yea. That appears to be the best in the
circumstances. We are unable to rake
up the money for anything better.
(Å´¤†’. Ñ °æJ-Æœn-ûª’™x ÅüË Öûªh´’ç ÅE-°œ-
≤ÚhçC. Åçûª-éπçõ‰ Éçéπ üËEéà ´’†ç úø•’s
§Úí∫’-îË-ߪ’-™‰-èπ◊çú≈ ÖØ√oç.)
Vedanth: I think people play up anything not
local. Some of our local bands and
singers are even better than those
from outside.
(•ßª’-öÀ†’ç* ´îËa üËE-í∫’-Jç-îª-®·Ø√ ï†ç
íÌ°æpí¬ îÁ°æ¤p-éÌç-ö«®Ω’. ´’† Ü∞x Ö†o
í¬ßª’-F-í¬-ߪ’-èπ◊©’, band •ßª’-öÀ†’ç* ´îËa
¢√∞¡x-éπçõ‰ ¢Á’®Ω’í∫’.)
Advaith: The mike blasing from outside is really
deafening. I wish they could keep it
down.
(Ŷ«s! •ßª’ô mike £æ«Ù®Ω’ îÁ´¤úø’ éπL-Tç-îË-
ô’dçC. ûªT_ÊÆh ¶«í∫’çúø’.)
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
1) All that we could
scrape together was
about Rs. 3000
us to be of even greater help to you. To make
2) That's no where
our lessons more effective and useful we are
near our need
planning innovations. We are going to start
3) ... people playup
shortly lessons on advanced English speech
anything not local
skills. We assure you, however, the lessons will
be in the same simple and easily understand- 4) I wish they could
keep it down Home Minister Bv´-¢√-ü¿’© ´©x v°æ´÷-ü∆Eo í∫’Jç*
able style of the earlier lessons. We are confi-
5) That will serve the purpose
ûªèπ◊\´ îËÆœ ´÷ö«x-ú≈úø’. (Åçûª v°æ´÷-ü¿-¢Ë’O’
dent that you will certainly respond to them and
6) Mom's (Mom has) set the table
™‰ü¿-Ø√oúø’)
learn them with the same enthusiasm as now
4) Keep (something) down = ¨¡•lç, íÌúø-´-™«çöÀ
or even with more enthusiasm. 7) We have to help ourselves
This course is for you; therefore we welcome
ü∆EE ûªT_ç-îªúøç.
8) I don't want you to ask me to help myself
a) Could you please keep your voice down? =
your suggestions for its greater usefulness. We more than I can eat.
look forward to your and our well-wishers' con-
é¬Ææh íÌçûª’ ûªT_ç* ´÷ö«x-úø®√?
9) You are now twenty going on to 21
b) Keep the volume of the TV down. Don't you
tinued support, and assure you of our best ser-
10) our friend's exhibit has won an award at the see I'm studying for an exam? =
vices.
ongoing science fair.
TV
- M.Suresan
íÌúø´ ûªT_ç. ؈’ °æK-éπ~èπ◊ îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’-Ø√o-†E
1) Scrape together = ÅA éπ≠dçæ ûÓ àü¿-®·Ø√ éπE-°œç-îª-úøç-™‰ü∆?
suresanm@yahoo.com
§Úí∫’îË-ߪ’-í∫-©-í∫úøç. Keep (somebody) down = ÅùÀ-*-°-ôdúøç ÅØË
1) They could scrape together just three or Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ÖçC.
four books by the poet = ÅA éπ≠dç æ -O’ü¿ ¢√∞¡Ÿx
For centuries the Hindu society has kept the
that's all. It's the festive season. Ç éπ N ®√Æœ † È® çúø’, ´‚úø’ °æ¤Æ æh-鬩’ ´÷vûª¢Ë’
Dalits down =
(ü∆EE ´’†ç àç îËߪ’™‰ç, ¶µºJç-î√-LqçüË. ÊÆéπ - J ç- î ª - í ∫ - L - í ¬®Ω ’ .
ÉC °æçúøí∫ Æ洒ߪ’ç 2) Can we scrape together a team for the ¨¡û√-¶«l-©’í¬ £œ«çü¿÷ Ææ´÷ïç ü¿R-ûª’©†’ ÅùÀ*-
éπü∆.) match on Thursday? = í∫’®Ω’- °-öÀdçC.
5) Serve the purpose = äéπ °æEéÀ àüÁjØ√ ÆæJ-§Ú-
¢√®Ωç match èπ◊ ´’†ç ã ïô’dèπ◊
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 500
Çô-í¬-∞¡x†’ §Úí∫’îË-ߪ’-í∫-©´÷? ´úøç/ °æE-éÀ-®√-´úøç.
table. Let's eat. I'm
a) We need a glass, but
let's use this mug. It'll
serve the purpose =
´’†èπ◊ í¬xÆæ’ äéπöÀ 鬢√L,
é¬F Ñ mug ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’ç-C™‰.
hungry. No one to serve us, b) We need a car. A bike may not serve the
3) He scraped together the money
as mom's gone out. We purpose =
for his children's education by sell-
have to help ourselves.
car Bike
ing off his old house =
´’†èπ◊ Å´-Ææ®Ωç. Å´-Ææ-®√-EéÀ ÆæJ-§Úü¿’.
ûª† °œ©x©
(Å´’t ¶µï-Ø√EéÀ Åçû√ Æœü¿l¥ç 6) Set the table/ lay the table = ¶µï†ç ´úÕfç-
îªü ¿’ ´¤ éÓÆæ ç ûª † §ƒûª É©’x Ţ˒tÆœ
îËÆœçC. Ø√é¬-éπ-™‰-≤ÚhçC. ´’†èπ◊ îËçü¿’èπ◊ ÅFo Æœü¿l¥ç îËߪ’úøç. DE ûª®√yûª serving
àüÓ éÌçûª úø • ’s ÊÆéπ -J ç-î ª-í ∫-L-í ¬úø’.
´úÕfç-îËç-ü¿’-Èé-´®Ω÷ ™‰®Ω’. ´’†èπ◊ (´úÕfç-îªôç) ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çC.
scrape= Í® èπ ◊-™ «çöÀ ¢√öÀ û Ó üˆ o-®·Ø√
´’†ç ´úÕfç--éÓ-¢√-LqçüË.) a) My sister has set the table. Mom will serve
M.SURESAN UéÀ ¨¡ Ÿv¶µ º-° æ-® Ω-î ªú øç / äéπ-ü ∆-E éÀ Åçô’- èπ◊-†o
the lunch =´÷ îÁLx/ Åéπ\ ¶µï-Ø√-E-éπFo Æœü¿l¥ç
-ü ∆-E E UÍé ߪ ’ úø ç .
to ask me to help myself to more than îËÆœçC. ´÷ Å´’t ´úÕf-Ææ’hçC.
Scraping the floor of paint marks= ØË©-O’C
I can eat. That's the trouble in eating b) The table is set and mom's going to serve
paint ´’®Ω-éπ-©†’ Uéπúøç.
with you. the dinner = ready
¶µï-Ø√-E-éπçû√ í¬ ÖçC
(¶µçîË-≤ƒh†’, é¬F ؈’ A†-í∫-L-T-†-ü∆-E-éπçõ‰ Scape through/ Scrape = ÅA éπ≠dçæ -O’ü¿ ØÁí∫_úøç, (éπçî√©’, plates, spoons ready
Åçû√
áèπ◊\´ ´úÕfç--éÓ-´’E ††’o •©-´ç-ûª pass 鬴úøç. îËߪ’úøç.) Å´’t ´úÕfç-îª-¶-ûÓçC.
-°-öÔdü¿’. FûÓ ÅüË Ø√èπ◊ ¶«üµ¿.) a) If he can scrape through the exam his 7), 8) Help oneself = (¶µï-†ç™) àüÁjØ√ ´úÕfç--éÓ-
Advaith: OK. I leave it to you. I'm aware you are father will be happy/ If he can scrape a ´úøç ûª´’èπ◊ û√´·.
now 20 going on to 21, and you know pass in the exam, his father will be happy = a) If you want a little more sugar in the coffee,
what suits you best. pass
Åûªúø’ (ÅA éπ≠dçæ ûÓ) Å®·ûË î√©’ (éπFÆæ help yourself. The sugar bowl is on the
marks ûÓ) ¢√∞¡x Ø√†o ÆæçûÓ-≠œ-≤ƒhúø’/ éπFÆæ table =
(ÆæÍ®™‰. Åü¿çû√ FÍé ´C-™‰-Ææ’hØ√o. FéÀ-°æ¤púø’ marks pass
20 à∞¡Ÿx °æ‹®Ωh®·u 21™ Åúø’-í∫’-°-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤. ûÓ Å®·ûË î√©’, ¢√∞¡x Ø√†o ÆæçûÓ- F coffee ™ Éçé¬ °æçîª-ü∆®Ω 鬢√-©çõ‰ ¢ËÆæ’éÓ.
FÍéC ´’ç*üÓ Fèπ◊ ûÁ©’-ÆæE Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’.) ≠œ-≤ƒhúø’. °æçîª-ü∆®Ω §ƒvûª table O’üË ÖçC.
b) The Manmohansingh Govt scraped a victo- b) As he was hungry, he helped himself to
Vedanth: A piece of interesting news for you.
ry by just a few votes = votes some more rice =
Our friend Visisht's exhibit in the on
Íé´©ç éÌEo Çéπ-Lí¬ Öçúø-ôçûÓ Åûªúø’
going science fair has won an award.
ûËú≈ûÓ ´’ØÓt-£æ«-Ø˛-Æœçí˚ v°æ¶µº’ûªyç ØÁí∫_í∫-L-TçC. ´’J-éÌçîÁç ņoç ´úÕfç--èπ◊-Ø√oúø’.
(FéÓ ÇÆæ-éÀh-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† ¢√®Ωh. É°æ¤púø’ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o 3) Play up = äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷-EéÀ ™‰E-v§ƒ-´·êuç É´yúøç. 9) going on = (´ßª’Ææ’ N≠æߪ’ç) äéπ Ææç´-ûªq-®Ωç™
science fair ™ ´’† friend NP≠ˇd v°æü¿-Jzç- a) He plays up his Telugu medium back- Åúø’-T-úø-¶-´úøç.
*† ´Ææ’h´¤èπ◊ •£æ›-´’A ´*açC.) ground to justify his poor English = ûª† a) She is now 16, going on 17 =
English Åçûª ¶«í∫’çúøéπ-§Ú-´-ú≈-EéÀ 鬮Ω-ùçí¬ ûª†
Exhibit = Exhibition ™ v°æü¿-JzçîË ´Ææ’h´¤. ûª†-éÀ-°æ¤púø’ 16 EçúÕ, 17 ®√¶-ûÓçC.
ûÁ©’í∫’ O’úÕߪ’ç í∫’Jç* ÅAí¬ îÁ•’-ûª’ç-ö«úø’.
Advaith: Really? Very great indeed. He should b) You are now going on 18, and you will have
b) He plays up his injury to dodge work = °æE
give us a party then. the voting right =
áíÌ_õ‰dç-ü¿’èπ◊ 鬮Ω-ùçí¬ ûª† í¬ßª÷Eo ´’K áèπ◊\´
Vedanth: We'll ask him tomorrow. îª÷°æ¤-û√úø’. (í¬ßª÷Eo ≤ƒèπ◊í¬ îª÷°æ¤-û√úø’) FéÀ-°æ¤púø’ 18 ®√¶-ûÓçC, ü∆çûÓ¶«ô’ vote £æ«èπ◊\
(Í®°æ¤ Åúø’í∫’ü∆ç) DEéÀ ´uA-Í®éπç, play down. äéπ-ü∆E v§ƒ´·êuç ´Ææ’hçC.
Daily real life situations ™ ´’†ç ¢√úË î√™« Å®Ωn- ûªT_ç* îª÷°æúøç. 10) on going = v°æÆæ’hûªç ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o.
´ç-ûª-¢Á’i†, Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† phrasal verbs ´’J-éÌEo a) Every party plays down the achievements a) Who will win the on going match? =
Ñ lesson ™ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç. ÉN ´’†ç of the opposition party = É°æ¤púø’ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o match á´®Ω’ Èí©’-≤ƒh®Ω’?
´÷ö«xúËô°æ¤púø’ ûªúø’-´·-éÓ-èπ◊çú≈ ¢√úø-í∫-L-TûË ´’† con- v°æA party, v°æA-°æ-é¬~ ©’ ≤ƒCµç-*-†-¢√-öÀE ûªèπ◊\´ b) The on going debate on reservations will
versation î√™« impressive í¬ Öçô’çC. îËÆœ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’çC. continuous for some time =
Now look at the following sentences from the b) The home minister played down the threat v°æÆæ’hûªç reservations O’ü¿ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o Ωa
dialogue above. of the terrorists = ´’J-éÌç-ûª-鬩ç é̆-≤ƒ-í∫’-ûª’çC.
-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 28 -ÂÆ-°dç-•®Ω’ 2008
Gokul: Hi Kailas, how are you?
(ᙫ ÖØ√o´¤?)
Kailas: Fine. Thank you. How are you?
(¶«í¬ØË ÖØ√o†’. †’¢Áy™« ÖØ√o´¤?)
Gokul: Fine too. Thank you. Long time, no see.
What's the matter?
(¶«í¬ØË ÖØ√o. Thank you. éπLÆœ î√™«
鬩-¢Á’içC. àçöÀ N≠æߪ’ç?)
Kailas: (I had) been out of town for quite some
time. My uncle wanted my help in some
matter.
(éÌEo ®ÓV-©’í¬ ÜJ-™-™‰†’. ´÷ ´÷´’ߪ’u-
ÍéüÓ ≤ƒßª’ç 鬢√-Lq-´ÊÆh ¢Á∞«x).
Gokul: Isn't he a businessman?
(Çߪ’† ¢√u§ƒJ éπü∆?)
Kailas: Yes. He is. In fact I went there to be of
help to him in his business.
(Å´¤†’. ÅÆæ©’ ؈’ ¢ÁRxçC Çߪ’† ¢√u§ƒ-
®Ωç™ ≤ƒßª’-°æ-úËç-ü¿’Íé.)
Gokul: Isn't his ice cream business?
(Çߪ’-†C âÆˇvéÃç ¢√u§ƒ®Ωç éπü∆?)
Kailas: Yes, it is. He was short of hands to man-
age the sales which had gone up by
more than 50%. The sales had been
helped along by the hot weather early
this summer.
(Å´¤†’, ÅüË. 50 ¨»û√E éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ °J-
T† Å´’t-é¬-©†’ îª÷ÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ î√L-†çûª ´’çC
™‰éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷®Ω’. Ñ
It's a job after my hear t
¢ËÆæN ¢Á·ü¿öxE
áçúø Å´’t-鬩’
°®Ω-í∫-ú≈-EéÀ ¶«í¬
ûÓúøp-úÕçC.)
Gokul: Why don't you join
him? Isn't he pre poned to take you as a
partner?
(†’´¤y Çߪ’†ûÓ éπ©-¢Ì-a-éπü∆? E†’o Åûªuçûª ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ω-ù-¢Á’i† °æ©-éπ-Jç°æ¤
§ƒ®Ωd-†-®˝í¬ BÆæ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ Çߪ’-†èπ◊ É≠ædç (Greeting) ´÷ô éπü∆? Å®·ûË, How
™‰ü∆?)
Kailas: Business isn't my cup of tea. My choice (name), Hi, ÅE èπÿú≈ Åçö«ç éπü∆?
is a software job; that's why I'm doing Å®·ûË í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-¢√-Lq† N≠æߪ’ç àN’-
MCA; Don't you understand it?
(Ø√èπ◊ business †îªaü¿’. Ø√ áç°œéπ Software °æ©-éπ-Jç-*-†-°æ¤púø’ Hi ņç. Hello, Good morning /
ÖüÓuí∫ç. Åçü¿’-éπØË Øˆ’ MCA îËÆæ’h-Ø√o. Å®Ωnç Good evening / Good afternoon, Sir Åçö«ç. Ææ´’- a) We are short of cash. Would you accept a
é¬ü∆?)
Gokul: If I were you, I would jump at such an
opportunity. That's a career after my DEéÀ ï¢√•’í¬ Å´-ûªL ¢√∞¡Ÿx ÆæpçCçîË B®Ω’:
heart.
(ØËØË †’¢Áj y-ûËØ√, Å™«çöÀ Å´-鬨¡ç ´ÊÆh áTJ
Vicky, Karimnagar
Q. I saw I did see
, Ñ È®ç-úÕç-öÀ™ àC
éπÈ®èπ◊d?
A.È®çúø÷ correct. - I saw = ؈’
îª÷¨»†’/ Ø√èπ◊ éπE-°œç-*çC. I did
see = ؈’ éπ*aûªçí¬ îª÷¨»†’ ÅE
ØÌéÀ\ îÁ°æpúøç.
S Raj, Warangal
Q. Ø√èπ◊ ÉçTx≠ˇ -¶«í¬ ØË®Ω’a-éÓ-¢√©E ÖçC. ü¿ßª’-îËÆ œ
´’ç* °æ¤Ææhéπç Ê°®Ω’ îÁ°æpçúÕ.
A. Living English Structure by Stannard Allen
îªü¿-´çúÕ. îªü¿-´ôç, ´÷ö«x-úø-ôç practice
îËߪ’-ç-úÕ.
Q. Foreign language ØË®Ω’a-éÓ-´-ú≈-EéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç* Q. Reshma Sultana trains her students in gym-
úÕéπ{-†K ™‰ü∆ ´’ç* °æ¤Ææhéπç Ê°®Ω’ îÁ°æp-í∫-©®Ω’.
A. Creford Dictionary
Q. ؈’ v°æA-®ÓV -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ †÷uÆˇ Ê°°æ®˝ îªü¿’-´¤-û√†’. A.He trained her in acting Ééπ\úø á´Jo train
DE-´©x v°æßÁ÷-ï†ç Öçü∆?
A. v°æßÁ÷-ï†ç ÖçC
Q. Root, Route OöÀ ´’üµ¿u ûËú≈ àN’öÀ?
A. Root = ¢Ë®Ω’; Route = ´÷®Ω_ç.
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
c) Same here. Thank
í∫çûËÊÆ ¢√úÕE. Ø√èπ◊ ÅA É≠æd-¢Á’i† ¢√u°æéπç – you.
¢√u§ƒ®Ωç.)
Kailas: Distance lends charm to the eye.
(°æ©-éπ-Jç°æ¤) greetingèπ◊
Business isn't the cat walk that you
¢√úË Éûª®Ω expressions.
imagine is to be. a) How are you getting
on?
(ü¿÷®Ω°æ¤ éÌçúø©’ †’†’°æ¤. Business ÅØËC
b) How goes the word
†’´y-ØËçûª Ææ’©’´¤ é¬ü¿’.)
with you?
Gokul: Depends on how you look at is.
c) How is it with you?
(†’´¤y ü∆EE í∫’Jç* îª÷ÊÆ B®Ω’†’ •öÀd vèπÿú˛ ™‰ü¿’.
Öçô’çC.) d) How is everybody? ( èπ◊ô’ç-•ç™ Åçü¿-JF èπ◊¨¡©ç c) Sorry, We can't finish the job by the week end.
We are short of hands =
Kailas: OK. Let's agree to disagree.
ÅúÕ-Ííç-ü¿’èπ◊)
(ÆæÍ®x. Fèπÿ Ø√èπ◊ èπ◊ü¿-®Ωü¿’) î√™« 鬩ç ûª®Ω’-¢√ûª éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çõ‰... Ñ ¢√®√ç-û√-EéÀ ¢Ë’ç °æE °æ‹Jh îËߪ’™‰ç. ´’†’-≠æfl©’ /
î√™«-é¬-©-¢Á’içC éπü∆ ´’†ç °æ©-éπ-Jç°æ¤ a) Long since we met; how are you?
Æœ•sçC éÌ®Ωûª ÖçC / î√L-†çûª Æœ•sçC ™‰®Ω’.
d) We need at least two more hands in the
´÷ô©’(Greeting)ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊E. äéπ-≤ƒJ °æ¤†-®√-´%ûªç b) Ages since we met; What's the matter?
department = ´÷ ¨»êèπ◊ Åü¿-†çí¬ éπFÆæç ´’®Ó
îËÆæ’-èπ◊çü∆ç. ÅçûË-é¬-èπ◊çú≈ ´’†ç Eûªuç ¢√úË ´’J-éÌEo (´’†ç éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊E ߪ·í¬-™„jçC. àçöÀ N≠æߪ’ç?)
expressions èπÿú≈ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç.
Age = ߪ·í∫ç (-Ééπ\úÕ Å®Ωnç)
Éü¿l®Ω’ Å´-Ææ®Ωç.
3) Help along = àüÁjØ√ Ææ’©’´¤í¬ ûªyJ-ûªçí¬ ïJ-Íí-
Look at the following expressions from the c) Long time, no see.
dialogue above:
ôô’x îËߪ’úøç / ¢Ë’©’-éπ-©-í∫úøç / Üûª-N’-´yúøç.
a) Availability of Scientists is helping along our
(î√™«-é¬-©-¢Á’içC îª÷Æœ.) î√™«-鬩ç ûª®Ω’-¢√ûª éπ©’-Ææ’-
1) a) How are you?
space programmes =
èπ◊E, Å™« éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´úøç î√™« Ũ¡a-®Ωu-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’iûË, ´÷ ¨»êèπ◊ Åü¿-†çí¬
b) Longtime, no see a) Hi, who do I see here, Naveen? ¨»ÆæY-Vc©’ Öçúøôç ´©x Åçûª-Jéπ~ 鬮Ωu-véπ-´÷©’
2) He was short of hands. (àçöÀ †OØËØ√, Å•s, áçûª 鬩-¢Á’içüÓ E†’o îª÷Æœ) ®Ω’í¬_ ≤ƒí∫’-ûª’-Ø√o®·.
3) The sales had been helped along by the hot b) Oh, Naveen, is it you? What do I owe this b) Government's lineancy is helping along the
weather... pleasure to? belt shops = v°æ¶µº’ûªy Öü∆-Æ‘-†ûª ¶„™¸d ≥ƒ°æ¤©èπ◊ Üûª-
4) Business isn't my cup of tea. N’-≤ÚhçC.
(†OØ˛, †’¢ËyØ√? áçûª-é¬-™«-EéÀ? àç Åü¿%≠ædç?)
5) If I were you, I would jump at c) Oh, what a privilage to see 4) Not my cup of tea = Ø√èπ◊ †îªa-EC / Ø√èπ◊ ÇÆæéÀh
the opportunity. you, though after a long éπL-Tç-îª-EC. É™«Íí, not his / her/ their.... á´-J-üÁjØ√
time. îÁ°æp-´îª’a. (Tôd-EC).a) Maths is not his cup of tea
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 501
6) It's a career after my heart.
= í∫ùÀ-ûªç™ Åûª-úÕéÀ ÇÆæéÀh ™‰ü¿’/ Åûª-úÕéÀ É≠æd-¢Á’içC é¬ü¿’.
b) Social service is not
the Politician's cup of tea
=
Ææç°∂æ’-ÊÆ´ ÅØËC ®√ï-éÃ-ߪ’-
¢√-ü¿’-©èπ◊ Tôd-EC.
5) Jump at an opportu-
nity/ offer = Å´-鬨¡ç ´ÊÆh
1) a) How are you? = ᙫ ÖØ√o´¤? (ÉC é¬Ææh formal) - Åçõ‰ ´’†ç Åçûªí¬ áTJ í∫çûÁ-ߪ’uúøç.
ᙫ ÖØ√o®Ω’? ÉC ´’†ç-ü¿-Jéà ûÁL-Æœ† ’´¤ BÆæ’-éÓE ¢√JûÓ) a) Who won't jump at the offer of CM's post? =
OöÀ E ¶«í¬ v§ƒéÃdÆˇ îËü∆lç.
´·êu-´’ç-vûªßË’u Å´-鬨¡ç ´ÊÆh á´®Ω’ áTJ í∫çûÁ-
É°æ ¤púø ’ ´’†ç N’í∫û√ expressions ߪ’u®Ω’?/ á´®Ω’ É≠æd°æ-úø®Ω’?
are you? ÅØË-´·çü¿’ ´’†ç Hello
îª ÷ü∆l ç : b) The minute he was offered the post he
1) Short of hands - à °æE-ÈéjØ√ î√L-†ç- jumped at =
M.SURESAN
ÖüÓu-í¬-´-鬨¡ç ®√í¬ØË Åûªúø’ áTJ
ôçõ‰, ´’†-éπçõ‰ °ü¿l-¢√-∞¡x†’, ´’† °j¢√-∞¡x†’ ûª-´’çC Æœ•sçC ™‰éπ-§Ú-´úøç. í∫çûË-¨»úø’.
i) Short of = b) After one's heart =
éÌ®Ω -ûªí¬ Ö†o éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊-†oC
a) It's a job after my heart = ÅC Ø√èπ◊ †*a†
ߪ÷-Eo-•öÀd – Åçõ‰ ÉC formal. É°æ¤púø’ îª÷úøçúÕ (for- cheque? ÖüÓuí∫ç.
mal) 'Hello, Good morning sir, How are you? b) I named my daughter Lakshmi because it's a
´÷ ü¿í∫_®Ω †í∫ü¿’ éÌ®Ω-ûªí¬ ÖçC/ î√L-†çûª †í∫ü¿’ ™‰ü¿’.
îÁèπ◊\ °æ¤îª’a-èπ◊ç-ö«®√? name after my heart = Ø√èπ◊ ©éÀ~ t ÅØË Ê°®Ω’ É≠ædç
a) Fine. Thank you. How are you? b) India is short of crude oil reserves. 鬕öÀd ´÷ Å´÷t-®·éÀ Ç Ê°®Ω’ °ö«d†’.
b) (I'm) fine too. Thank you. ¶µ«®Ω-û˝™ vèπÿú˛ Ç®·™¸ E©y© éÌ®Ωûª ÖçC / î√L-†çûª
Rajia Sultana, Bollavaram
His acting in the movies has
Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ùèπ◊ forms
-Å®Ωnç é¬-´-úøç -™‰-ü¿’. -ü¿-ߪ’-îËÆ œ
Q. principle verb †’ transitive í¬ changed him a lot. verb transitive
äéπ ¢√éπuç™ Ééπ\úø Å´¤-
-N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.
intransitive
A. É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊/ Éçé¬ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o °æ-†’-©èπ◊ have/
¢√ú≈®Ó í¬ ¢√ú≈®Ó ¢ÁçôØË ûÁ©’- ûª’çü∆?
Ææ’-éÓ-´úøç ᙫ? ´’®Ìéπ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ωù After six months on her job has + PP (Past Participle) ¢√-úø-û√ç.
A. Verb èπ◊ á´-JE/ á´-JéÀ/ DEE/DEéÀ ÅE Rehana came back here from the United Time ûÁL-Æ œØ√, Å®·-§Ú-®·† ¢ËÍ® N≠æߪ’ç v°æ≤ƒh
¢√ú≈®√? Question ¢ËÆœ ü∆EéÀ answer ´ÊÆh, Ç States. But she seems to have put on weight -N-Ææ’hØ√o past doing word ¢√-úø-û√ç.
verb transitive, ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ intransitive.
and have changed a lot that I hardly, recog- He has decided to do it (E¨¡a-®·ç--èπ◊-Ø√oúø’.)
Q. He trained in acting in the film institute. Ééπ\úø
nised her. Ééπ\úø verb transitive ™‰ü∆ á°æ¤púø’? Time ûÁ-L-ߪ’-úøç ™‰ü¿’. E¨¡a-®·ç--éÓ-´-úøç
verb transitive í¬ Öçü∆? intransitiveí¬ intransitive. ïJ-TçC.
Öçü∆? A. Sultana train her student - á´Jo train He decided to do it - Ñ sentence Ö†oC
A. He trained in acting... Ééπ\úÕ verb, trained =
îË≤ÚhçC?– ûª† students†’ – So, 'trains' is Ö†oô’dí¬ Å®·ûË ûª°æ¤p. Time expression ™‰ü¿’
transitive.
Péπ~ù §Òçü∆úø’. á´-JE/ á´-JéÀ/ DE-E/- D-EéÀ 鬕öÀd. Å®·ûË Åçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ ïJ-T† Ææç°∂æ’-ô†
His acting ... has changed him - Ææçü¿®Ωs¥ç, past™ °∂晫-Ø√ time ÅE
(üËE™ é¬ü¿’) Péπ~ù §Òçü∆úø’? ņo v°æ¨¡oèπ◊
answer ™‰ü¿’ 鬕öÀd, Ñ sentence™
train intransitive.
Ééπ\úø á´Jo Åçõ‰ him ÅE ´≤ÚhçC éπü∆ ï¢√•’. ûÁL-Æœ-†-°æ¤púø’ He decided, correct.
鬕öÀd Change Ééπ\úø transitive. Eg: He consulted the doctor yesterday.
She seems... to have changed a lot = The doctor told him to give up smoking.
nastics Ééπ\úø verb transitive í¬ ¢√ú≈®√? ™‰ü∆
Ç¢Á’ ´÷J-†-ô’dçC (Ç¢Á’ á´-JF ´÷®Ωa-™‰ü¿’) He decided to do it. past
Ééπ\úø Ææçü¿®Ωs¥ç ™
intransitive í¬ ¢√ú≈®√?
鬕öÀd, Change Ééπ\úø intransitive. time
°∂晫--Ø√ ÅE ûÁ©’-≤ÚhçC éπü∆?
(Yesterday) Å™«çô°æ¤púø’,
V.Kasturi, Peda Kakani He decided correct.
î˨»úø’? ņo v°æ¨¡oèπ◊ Ç¢Á’†’ ÅE •ü¿’©’ ´Ææ’hçC.
鬕öÀd Ñ sentence™ train transitive Q. He has decided to do it / He decided to do it. ´÷´‚©’í¬ 'decided' independent
Q. Change †’ transitive, instransitive
She realised the fact/ she has realised the sentence™ ®√ü¿’. He has decided ®√¢√L.
fact / She had realised the fact. verb
È®çúø ’ Nüµ∆-© ’í¬ ¢√úÌî√a? -Ñ Å™«Íí N’í∫û√ È®çúø÷.
-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 30 -ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ 2008- Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

A. Bunganna, Munagalapadu
A. Ééπ\úø care attention
(ñ«ví∫ûªh), (v¨¡ü¿l¥) È®çúø÷, †í∫-®Ωç™ î√™«-´’çC
Q. Please let me know the Active utmost (Åûªuçûª) ÅØËü∆EûÓ éπLÆœ ÖØ√o®·. Ø√¨¡-†-´’-ߪ÷u®Ω’.
Voice for have you ever been Q. Ø√èπ◊ Grammar
(Utmost care and utmost attention ņo
bitten by a dog? ¶«í¬ØË ûÁ©’Ææ’. é¬F
Å®ΩnçûÓ) – Åçõ‰ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ äÍé í∫’ù«Eo ûÁ©’-°æ¤-
A. Has a dog ever bitten you?
ûª’-Ø√o®· 鬕öÀd, has gone ûª°æ¤p é¬ü¿’, Å®·-ûË ´÷ö«x-úË-ô-°æ¤púø’ éÌEo
Q. "My brother is not taller than I." have gone ¢Á’®Ω’í∫’.- words search
I found this sentence in study
Q. Located, situated Ñ È®çúÕçöÀ usage †’ ûÁ©’-°æ- îËߪ÷Lq ´Ææ’hçC.
material. Is it correct? Å™« é¬èπ◊ç-ú≈ àç
í∫-©®Ω’. But this year the figure has reached 1470,
A. My brother is not taller than I/ me.
A. Located ÅØ√o situated ÅØ√o ü∆ü∆°æ¤ äéπõ‰.
îËߪ÷L?
What you found in the study material is A. English reading ¶«í¬ practice Öçõ‰ Ç ÆæçéÓîªç correct. this year
Ééπ\úø Åçõ‰ Ñ Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç
'°∂晫-Ø√ îÓô, °∂晫-Ø√ °æJ-Ææ-®√™x, °∂晫-Ø√ ü¿÷®Ωç™
correct. Ö†o— ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ. OöÀE ´·êuçí¬ v°æüË-¨»-©èπ◊, Öçúøü¿’. O™„j-†çûª English îªü¿-´çúÕ. News tele- É°æpöÀ´®Ωèπÿ ÅE. (Ñ Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç Éçé¬ Å®·-§Ú-
casts N†çúÕ. ™‰ü¿’)– 鬕öÀd has crossed ÅØË Åçö«ç. Finally
S. Sriram, Hyderabad ¶µº´-Ø√-©èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç.
Sainath, Kamalakuru this year, they have managed èπÿú≈. Ñ é¬®Ωùç
The village is located/ situated at the foot of
Q. Obama is a regular guy, ain't he? ņo †÷uÆˇ Q. There was no explanation as to why it should ´©x correct
the hills =
Ç ví¬´’ç Ç éÌçúø© Cí∫’-´† ÖçC.
heading
Ê°°æ®˝ èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®Ωn-¢Ë’-N’öÀ? breach at the exact place, time and on the Q. After a break up with Aishwarya, Salman has
A. Obama véπ´’ç ûª°æpE (Ééπ\úø regular èπ◊ Å®Ωnç,
Å®·ûË situated ÅØËC Å°æ¤p-úø-°æ¤púø’ ã °æJ-Æœn-A™ same day.
Ñ ¢√é¬u-EéÀ ûÁ©’í∫’ Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.- had many ups and downs. has
Ñ ¢√éπuç™
as to
Ö†o ÅØË Å®Ωnç-ûÓ†÷ ¢√úøû√ç.
ÅC ¢√úÕ† Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd ¢ËÍ® Å¢Ìya). Ñ -¢√éπuç-™ Å-´Ææ®Ω-´÷? past doing verb
Situated in such circumstances, he is help-
¢√ú≈™, ¢√ú≈™ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
´’E≠œ (Guy) éπü∆? A.
A. After the break up with Aishwarya... has had
ÆæJí¬_ ÅüË v°æüË-¨¡ç™, ÅüË Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™, ÅüË ®ÓV†
less = Ç °æJ-Æ œn-ûª’™x Åûªúø’ EÆæq-£æ…-ߪ·úø’.
Ain't he? - ÉC ≤ƒ´÷†uçí¬ Black Americans, í∫çúÕ á™« °æúÕçC ÅØË N≠æ-ߪ÷-EéÀ N´-®Ωù ™‰ü¿’/ correct
Q. Shakespeare ®√Æœ† 'Julius Caesar' ™ The
ÉD Å´¤-ûª’çC. Å®Ωnç– Ç¢Á’ûÓ NúÕ-§Ú-®·†
Isn't he? ÅE question tag èπ◊ •ü¿’©’ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. ÅØË N≠æߪ’ç N´-Jç-îª-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’. Å®·ûË O’J-
most unkindest cut ... ÅE äéπ ¢√éπuç Öçô’çC. *a† sentence ™ as to ņ-´-Ææ®Ωç, ûª°æ¤p èπÿú≈. ûª®Ω’-¢√ûª †’ç-* É°æpöÀ´®Ωèπÿ ÅØË éπü∆. Åçü¿’-éπE
Isn't he? = Is he not? (Å´¤†’ éπü∆?) has had (has + PP) correct.
N≠æߪ’ Bv´-ûª†’ •öÀd double superlatives ¢√úø- As to ™‰éπ-§ÚûËØË O’J-*a† sentence correct. éÌEo-
Q. éÀçC short forms èπ◊ °æ‹Jh °æü¿ç, Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’-°æ- Q. After a long time we saw her at a party.
´î√a? N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. ≤ƒ®Ω’x éÌçûª-´’çC about èπ◊ •ü¿’©’ as to
í∫-©®Ω’. A. Double Superlative ´’†-™«ç-öÀ-¢√∞¡Ÿx ¢√úøôç ¢√úø’-ûª’ç-ö«®Ω’. ÅC ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. verb have seen
Ñ ¢√éπuç™ ¢√úÌî√a?
ain't, I'd, There's, He's, Who's, Won't, We're, A. After a long time we saw her at a party.
éπ*aûªçí¬ ûªÊ°p. Å®·ûË O’®Ω- Q. Alleged, Allegedly OöÀE Ééπ\úø
I've †oô’x N≠æߪ’ Bv´-ûª†’ ûÁL-Ê°ç- time Party
Ææçü¿®√s¥Eo •öÀd Ü£œ«ç--èπ◊çö«ç.
ᙫ °æ©é¬L?
A. Ain't = Isn't (Is not) ü¿’èπ◊ most unkindest ÅE A. Å™„ñ ¸f '™„— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç; Recently
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 502
Å®·-§Ú-®·çC 鬕öÀd. Åçõ‰ á°æ¤púø÷
I'd= I had/ I would- Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd Shakespeare ™«çöÀ íÌ°æp Å™„ñ ¸fL. have/ has + PP ´Ææ’hçC.
There's = There is/ S.Krishna Prasad,
There has
•öÀd
Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo
He's = He is/ He has
She told me that she was waiting for you Hyderabad
Q. It was indeed bureau-
cracy at work. Reactive
Who's = Who is; Won't = Will not rather than proactive. -Ñ
Q. Face lift
proactive
Å®Ωnç °æü¿ v°æßÁ÷í∫ç ûÁ©’- ¢√é¬u-EéÀ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ, Å™«Íí
We're = We are
éπ´¤©’/ ®Ωîª-®·-ûª©’ ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’, ´’†ç ÅØË ´÷ôèπ◊
Åçü¿’-™E ¶µ«¢√Eo ví∫£œ«ç*, ûª°æ¤p†’ °æçúÕ. Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ?
I've = I have A. 1. ´·-úø-ûª©’, ´·úø-ûª-©’í¬ Ö†o ´’†’-
´C-™‰≤ƒhç. éπ´¤-©èπ◊ Å™« ¢√úË ÊÆyîªa ¥ A. Reactive = Ææç°∂æ’-ô† ïJ-Íí-ô-°æ¤púø’/ ïJT†
M. Satyanarayana, Hyderabad ÖçC.(¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ûÁ-L-ߪ’éπ é¬ü¿’ éπü∆?) Ñ ≠æfl© ´·ë«Eo ¢Ájü¿uç ü∆y®√ ´·úø-ûª©’ ûª®√yûª ü∆E îÁúø’ °∂æLû√Eo ÇÊ° v°æߪ’ûªoç.
ÊÆyîªa ¥†’, poetic license Åçö«ç. ™‰èπ◊çú≈ îËÆœ, ߪ’´y-†çí¬ éπE-°œç-îËô’x
Proactive = Ææç°∂æ’-ô† ï®Ωí∫éπ-´·çüË Ü£œ«ç*
Q. Emporium, Mall, Shop, Show room, Store, îËߪ’úøç.
Merchant, Employ, Job OöÀE áéπ\-úÁ-éπ\úø Ö°æ- Mounika, Guntur îÌ®Ω´ûÓ îª®Ωu©’ BÆæ’-èπ◊E ü∆E îÁúø’ °∂æL-û√©’
2) éπôd-ú≈-©èπ◊, É∞¡}èπ◊, ´÷®Ω’p©’, îË®Ω’p©÷
ßÁ÷-Tç-î√™ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. Q. ¢√Ææ’h-†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™  à´’ç-ö«®Ω’? M.SURESAN ®√èπ◊çú≈ îª÷úøôç.
îËÆœ Çéπ-®Ω{-ùÃߪ’çí¬ îËߪ’úøç.
A. Emporium - °ü¿l ü¿’é¬ùç – ´·êuçí¬ äéπ ®Ωéπ- A. ¢√Ææ’h Åçõ‰ à Nüµ¿çí¬ É©’x éπúÕûË ßª’ï- Q.
Q. Deterioration Ñ °æü∆Eo ᙫ Öîªa-Jç-î √L?
¶µºï† (°j ÅCµ-é¬-®Ω’© ¢Á’°æ¤p-éÓÆæç) îËߪ’ú≈Eo
¢Á’i† ´Ææ’h´¤©†’ Ţ˒t îÓô’. Cloth Emporium - ´÷-EéÀ à Nüµ¿-¢Á’i† °∂æL-û√-©’ç-ö«®· ÅE îªJaçîË A. úÕöÀJÅÈ®ß˝’≠ˇØ˛ – È®ß˝’ ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’?
ÉC old fashioned - É°æ¤púøçûªí¬ ¢√úø-ôç-™‰ü¿’. ¢√Ææ’h ¨»≤ƒY-EéÀ English™ ´÷ô ™‰ü¿’. ÉçöÀ Q. Woo, woes Öî√a-®Ωù, Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ. A. Flattery/ Sycophancy (ÆœéÓ-§∂ƒEq) = ¶µºï†
England, US™. Ç鬮Ωç, design, Åçü∆©’, £æ«çí∫’©’– É™«çöÀ ¢√öÀ A. Woo - Öî√a-®Ωù – ´‹– äéπJ ´’ü¿lûª’ §ÒçüË (§Òí∫úøh ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ).
Mall - ü¿’é¬-ù«© Ææ´·-ü∆ߪ’ç ÖçúË Â°ü¿l ¢√u§ƒ®Ω
Åüµ¿u-ߪ’-Ø√Eo Architecture Åçö«®Ω’. v°æߪ’ûªoç îËߪ’úøç. Q. -üË-´¤-úÕéÀ -îËÊÆ -¶µº-ï-†-†’ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ-™ -à-´’ç-ö«®Ω’?
Q. Please give me Åçö«®√? ™‰ü∆ Please give to
¨»© – ´Ææ’h-´¤-©†’, ÊÆ´-©†’ Ţ˒t shops Ææ´·- me Åçö«®√? Me Åçõ‰ Ø√èπ◊ ÅE éπü∆? éÌEo
All parties in India woo the minorities. A. üË ´¤úÕ ¶µºï-†èπ◊ ÆæÈ®j† ´÷ô English™ ™‰ü¿’.
ü∆ߪ’ç. DEØË Shopping Mall ÅE èπÿú≈ situations ™ for me, to me ÅE áçü¿’èπ◊ use (¶µ«®Ωû˝™ §ƒKd©Fo ¢Á’iØ√-J-öé ´’ü¿lûª’ §ÒçüË Choral (•%çü¿) recital (§ƒúøôç) of hymns
Åçö«®Ω’. Å®·ûË Ñ ´÷ô ´·êuçí¬ American. îË≤ƒh®Ω’? v°æß ª ’ûªoç îËÆ æ ’hç -ö «®·.) (£œ «çñ¸– ñ¸, size ™ ñ¸™«– hymn- Uûªç) Å-ØÌ-
Shop = ´Ææ’h-´¤-©†’/ ÊÆ´-©†’ §ÒçüË à ü¿’é¬-ù- Woes - bhajan Åçö«®Ω’.
A. Please give me (something)/ Please give Öî√a- ® Ωù – ¢Ó¢˛ –
b ¶«üµ ¿© ’, É•sç- ü ¿’©’. îª ’a. ´÷´‚©’í¬
¢Á’iØ√– Book shop, Mechanic shop, etc. ÉC something to me ņúøç correct. Please give The woes of Sita - Æ‘ û ª ¶«üµ ¿© ’/ éπ ≥ ƒd© ’. ( Meera bhajans, etc.).
´·êuçí¬ British. to me ņç. Å™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd, Q. Bid àßË ’ Ææ ç ü¿ - ® √s¥ ™ x Ö°æ - ß Á ÷ - T - ≤ ƒh ® Ω ’ ? A. Kotireddy, Bitragunta
Show room = Å´’té¬E-èπ◊†o ´Ææ’h-´¤-©†’ Çéπ-®Ω{- please give me... ÆæÈ®j-†üË é¬F, sentence °æ‹®Ωh- A. bid = 1) ¢Ë©ç-§ƒ-ô™ §ƒúøôç.
Q. She did tell me that she was waiting for you.
ùÃߪ’çí¬ v°æü¿-Jzç* Ţ˒t °ü¿l Shop. ®·-†ô’x é¬ü¿’. É™« ÅÆæç-°æ‹Jhí¬ Ö†o-°æ¤púø’, 2) ¢Ë©ç™ äéπJ §ƒô.
Please give to me ûª°æ¤p. She told me that she was waiting for you.
Britain, America ©™ Show room ©’ áèπ◊\-´í¬ 3) ã °æEE ØËEç-ûªèπ◊ îË≤ƒh-†E Æœü¿l¥-°æ-úøôç
Cars/ Electrical goods v°æü¿-®Ωz-†èπÿ, Å´’t-é¬-Eéà Q. Fear, afraid É¢Ë é¬èπ◊çú≈ ¶µºßª÷Eo ûÁLÊ° °æü∆©’ (Tenders ™«çöÀN). °j È®çúø’ ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ Å®Ωnç™ ûËú≈ à¢Á’iØ√ Öçü∆?
à®Ωp-®Ω’-≤ƒh®Ω’. ÖØ√oߪ÷? Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ùûÓ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. 4) v°æߪ’ûªoç, v°æߪ’ûªoç îËߪ’úøç. ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’-í∫-©®Ω’.
Store = ®Ωéπ-®Ω-鬩 ´Ææ’h-´¤-©†’ Ţ˒t °ü¿l ü¿’é¬ùç A. Fright, horror, dread, panic, terror, awe, etc. 5) Good Morning, good bye ™«çöÀN îÁ°æpúøç. A. She did tell me that she was waiting for you
= Department store. America ™ à ®Ωéπ-¢Á’i† Å®·ûË ¢√öÀE ᙫ- ¢√-ú≈™ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L. ÉçéÓ = FéÓÆæç ûª†’ wait îËÆæ’h-Ø√o-†E éπ*a-ûªçí¬ îÁ°œpçC.
N≠æߪ’ç fear = 1) ¶µºßª’ç, 2) ¶µºßª’-°æ-úøôç. V. Kasturi, Pedakakani
Shop -ØÁjØ√– °ü¿lC/ *†oC/ äÍé ®Ωéπç ´Ææ’h-´¤-©†’ (Ç¢Á’ îÁ°œpçC ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ ÅE ØÌéÀ\ îÁ°æp-úøç)
The sight caused fear in the child = Q. O’®Ó Ææçü¿®Ωs¥ç™ particular time †’ mention
Ţ˒t shop †’, store Åçö«®Ω’. îËÊÆh past doing verb ¢√úø-û√-´’E îÁ§ƒp®Ω’. é¬F
(Ç¢Á’ îÁ°æp-úøç éπ*aûªç)
She told me that she was waiting for you =
Merchant = ¢√u§ƒJ/ ´®Ωh-èπ◊úø’
Ç ü¿%¨¡uç °œ-©x-¢√-úÕéÀ ¶µºßª’ç éπL-Tç-*çC.
Children fear dogs = °œ©x©’ èπ◊éπ\-©èπ◊ ¶µºßª’-°æ-úø- äéπ C†-°æ-vA-éπ™ É™« ÖçC.
Employ = ÖüÓu-í¬-EéÀ Eߪ’-N’ç-îªúøç/ äéπ °æE FéÓÆæç wait îËÆæ’h-Ø√o-†E îÁ°œpçC.
û√®Ω’. Ñ ¶µºßª’°æúøôç ÅØË Å®Ωnç-ûÓØË fear = be Last year the no. of jaundice cases has not
Å°æp-ñ„-°æpúøç. afraid of. crossed the 350 but this year the figure has Rahul, Khammam
In the employ of = äéπ company/ ÆæçÆæn Q. Ruin, destruction - Å®Ωnç -äéπ-õ‰-Ø√?You have touched 1470. Q. Spoken English ØË®Ω’a-éÓ-´-ú≈-EéÀ ´’ç* °æ¤Ææhéπç
ÖüÓu-í∫ç™ Ö†o/ äéπ ´uéÀh (somebody) É*a† ruined my day ᙫçöÀ situations ™ ¢√úøû√ç. Finally this year they have managed to find a English pronunciation
îÁ°æp-í∫-©®Ω’. éÓÆæç à¢Á’iØ√
ÖüÓu-í∫ç™ °æE-îËÊÆ. A. Ruin èπ◊, destruction èπÿ ûËú≈ ÖçC. solution. é¬uÂÆô’x, Æ‘úŒ©’ Öçõ‰ N´-®√©’ ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ.
Job = ÖüÓuí∫ç Job holder = ÖüÓuT. Ruin = Ø√¨¡†ç; Destruction = üµ¿yçÆæç. particular time mention
Ééπ\úø î˨»®Ω’ Å®·Ø√ A. Spoken English éÓÆæç 'A Living English
He ruined her life = Ç¢Á’ @N-û√Eo Åûªúø’ Past doing verb Structure' by Stannard Allen- îª-ü¿-´ç-úÕ.
Pavani, Sudha, Matsyapuri ¢√úø-™‰ü¿’ éπü∆, N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
Ø√¨¡†ç î˨»úø’. A. Last year the number of cases has crossed - Pronunciation ØË®Ω’a-éÓ--´ú≈-EéÀ °-ü¿l book shops
Q. Utmost care and attention has gone into the The company was ruined = Ç company Ø√¨¡-
making of this product. has
last year
Ééπ\úø time
ÅE has crossed
îÁ-•’-ûª÷ ™ CDs üÌ®Ω’-èπ◊-û√®·.
Last year the number of
Ñ ¢√éπuç™
University of English and Foreign Languages
†-´’-®·uçC (C¢√∞« BÆœçC). ¢√úøôç ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’.
≤ƒn†ç™have Å´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü∆? É™«çöÀ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω- The destruction of the city in the bombing cases crossed (Past Doing Word (PDW) (´·†’-°æöÀ CIEFL) CDs
¢√∞¡x éÌ-†ç-úÕ.
ù©’ éÌEo N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. ruined the life of many = Bomb ´©x üµ¿yçÆæ¢Á’i† correct.
ņ--úø¢Ë’

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm