Strain Induced due to Seismic Wave Propagation

1 INTRODUCTION
This part of calculation includes the effect of surface wave propagation on pipeline in terms of strain.
2 METHOD
The strain induced on pipeline is calculated based on Peak Ground Acceleration of the site at Base Rock
Layer and Ground Amplication Factor. The strain induce in the pipeline due to Wave Propagation should be
within permissible limit.
Variable for Calculation:
i. Peak Ground Acceleration
ii. Moment Magnitude
iii. Source to Site Distance
iv. Type of Soil
3 REFERENCE DATA
The reference data for this calculation has come from:
Reference 1 : IITK-GSDMA-EQ28-V2.0
Data for Seismic Calculation
i. Peak Ground Acceleration : 0.16g (For Zone-III) and 0.24g (For Zone-IV)
ii. Moment Magnitude : 6.5 and 8.5
iii. Earthquake Source to Site Distance : 100 km
iv. Type of Soil : Rock and Soft Soil
4 CALCULATIONS
4.1 Pipe Details
Nom. Pipe Outside Diameter OD = 0.610 m = 24 in.
Specified Wall Thickness t = 0.010 m = 9.5 mm
Concrete Coating Thickness tc = 0.115 m = 115 mm
Depth of Cover H = 1.0 m
Pressure in Pipeline 9 Mpa
Pipe Grade API 5L X65 PSL2 Long SAW
Yield Stress of Pipe Material 448 Mpa
Ramberg-Osgood Parameters
n = 7.75
r = 14.3
Modulus of Elasticity of Pipe Material 2E+11
4.2 Strain Calculation for Rack Type soil with Peak Gound Acceleration equal to 0.16g.
Moment Magnitude 6.5 and distance of Earthquake source as 100 km.
4.2.1 Soil Details
Type of Soil (Rock) = B (From Table 3.3 of IITK-GSDMA-EQ28-V2.0)
Coefficient of Cohesion = 0 kPa / 100
Angle of Friction = 30
Effective Unit Weight of Soil = 18000 N/m
3
Adhesion Factor = 1.029
Internal Angle of Friction Between Pipe and Soil = 21
Coefficient of Soil Pressure at rest (1 - sin) = 0.5
4.2.2 Seiemic Wave Propagation Effect
The expected Peak Ground Acceleration of
the site at Base Rock Layer = 0.16g 0.16
Ground Amplification Factor = 1
For Soil Class B Peak Ground Acceleration = 0.16g
PGV
r
(50-100 km from Earthquake Source)
PGA
r
Moment Magnitude 6.5
= 13.231 cm/s
Design PGV
r
(V
g
) = Ip x PGV
r
= 19.846 cm/s (Importance Factor taken as 1.5)
V
g
= 0.198 m/s
Axial Strain Induced in the Pipe = V
g
c
Velocity of Seismic Wave Propagation C = 2 km/s (Assume S-Wave Dominates)
Ground Strain Coefficient = 2 (Assume S-Wave Dominates)
Hence Axial Strain in Pipe = 4.96E-05
4.2.3 Strain in Pipe Due to Pipeline-Soil Friction
Mximum Axial Strain that can be t
u

Transmitted by Soil Friction 4 A E
t
u
= 7.66 kN/m
Apparent Wave Length of Seismic Wave = 1000 m
Cross Sectional Area of the Pipe A = 0.2918635 m
2
Hence Maximum Strain in Pipe = 3.282E-05
N/m
= 86
=
t
u
'= D c +D H ((1 + K)/2) tan =

7662.37
(From Table 3.3 of IITK-GSDMA-EQ28-V2.0)
(Importance Factor taken as 1.5)
(Assume S-Wave Dominates)
(Assume S-Wave Dominates)