5.

MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHONETIC EXPRESSIVE MEANS AND

STYLISTIC DEVICES: STYLISTIC POTENTIAL OF THE VERB AND
THE ADJECTIVE
The verb
The verb is one of the oldest parts of speech and has a very developed grammatical paradigm.
The verb is the most important part of the sentence, as well as the subject. The verb express
actions, events or states of being.
All deviations of its tense, voice and aspect have strong stylistic connotations and play an
important role in creating a metaphorical meaning.
In lively narration present indefinite tense may be used instead of the past indefinite. It is
called dr!"#$ or h#%"&r#$ 're%e(" and it is used to make the event more vivid:
And then in the night of the banquet she appears in her emeralds.
ontinuous forms in !nglish have great expressiveness: You are being not very polite. Im
seeing you (irritation).
C&("#()&)% *&r!% may express: conviction, determination, persistence, impatience, irritation,
surprise, indignation or disapproval.
P%%#ve *&r!% of the verbs in scientific prose style give exactness to the text but passive
forms in emotive prose may be used for stylistic purposes.
e.g. In silence the soup was finished. Fish was brought. The fish was taken away.
"ut sometimes $"#ve verb *&r!% may be used in passive meaning which adds stylistic value
to them.
e.g. The rule reads both ways. It had sold within a wee.

#f stylistic value are synonymous series of '%%#ve !e(#(+:
To be applied $ to find application, to be solved $ to find solution,
To be recogni%ed $ to win recognition, to be no longer used $ to fall into disuse
The use of &"& +e"' in forming passive voice has the negative meaning (connotation).
e.g. !e was married. !e got married. I got held up by a long telephone call.
The intensity of action may be expressed by the intensifiers 'd&, +&':
e.g. "o not go putting on airs (#en sa ta nepovy$u%&)
*uch expressions as: I can+t help doing, to do nothing but, you+d better, you+d rather...hve
%"-.#%"#$ v.)e: e.g. Youd rather have your hair cut.
The auxiliary verb '/&).d' may have a stylistic coloring, when it shows regularly repeated
ations in the past: 'ncle (odger would say) *I+ll do it myself.*
The use of #(*#(#"#ve (d 'r"#$#'.e I forms adds certain stylistic connotations to the
utterance.
The d0e$"#ve
Invariant grammatical meaning of adjectives in modern !nglish in ,uality, which is very
closely connected with the category of evaluation and then correspondingly with the category
of emotiveness and expressivity. The only grammatical category inherent to adjectives is that
of comparison, which renders the degree of intensity of the feature expressed by the adjective
and for this reason is very closely to the stylistic category of expressivity.
De+ree &* $&!'r#%&( &* d0e$"#ve%
A comparative degree form may ac,uire the meaning of the superlative degree.
e.g. I+ve never seen in the world anybody more beautiful.
In the system of adjectives cases are observed of transporting comparison degree forms upon
the positive degree meaning. In this case the adjectives used in the meaning of non-graded
high or low ,uality. *uch use is called the e."#ve *&r!.
e.g. At the far end of the garden there was a tall slender apple,tree in fullest- richest blossom.
.egree: !e was the most outstanding public figure of the period.
!lative: !e is a most outstanding public figure.
Analytical ways of forming degrees of comparison ac,uire stylistic value:
e.g. I+m not much of a painter (not much of something . not very good)
Among adjectives emotional emphasi%ing may be achieved by substantivi%ing:
e.g. /he is a dear. The impossible was not on her side. #et me tell you a little something.
S"-.#%"#$..- $&.&red re: e1're%%#ve !&de.% 2 %-(&(-!% &* d0e$"#ve%:
O* N $ woman of decision . decisive- important . ro0hodn1 2ena
A &* N $ be strong of muscle . hora svalov- be ind of heart . ma3 dobr4 srdce
N &* N $ reversed epithet) a mountain of a house . dom ao hora
S"-.#%"#$..- !r3ed 'hr%e%: the greenest of the green . 5ngland- good as good- actor+s
actor.