12/15/13 Dog whistle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Dog whistle
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A dog whistle (also known as silent whistle or Galton's whistle) is a type of
whistle that emits sound in the ultrasonic range, which people cannot hear but
other animals can, including dogs and domestic cats, and is used in their training.
It was invented in 1876 by Francis Galton and is mentioned in his book Inquiries
into Human Faculty and its Development,
[1]
in which he describes
experiments to test the range of frequencies that could be heard by various
animals, such as a house cat.
The range of human hearing is typically considered to be between 20 Hz and
20 kHz.
[2]
The top end of a dog's hearing range is about 45 kHz, while a cat's is
64 kHz.
[3][4]
It is thought that the wild ancestors of cats and dogs evolved this
higher hearing range in order to hear high frequency sounds made by their
preferred prey, small rodents.
[3]
The frequency of most dog whistles is within the
range of 23 to 54 kHz,
[5]
so they are above the range of human hearing, although
some are adjustable down into the audible range.
To human ears, a dog whistle makes only a quiet hissing sound. The advantage of the dog whistle is that it
doesn't produce a loud irritating noise for humans that a normal whistle would produce, so it can be used to train
or command animals without disturbing nearby people. Some dog whistles have adjustable sliders for active
control of the frequency produced. Trainers may use the whistle simply to gather a dog's attention, or to inflict
pain for the purpose of behaviour modification.
In addition to lung-powered whistles, the term dog whistle is also used for electronic dog training devices that
emit ultrasonic sound via piezoelectric emitters.
[3]
The electronic variety are sometimes coupled with bark
detection circuits in an effort to curb barking behaviour.
This kind of whistle can also be used to determine the hearing range for people and for physics demonstrations
requiring ultrasonic sounds.
[citation needed]
References
1. ^ Galton, Francis (1883). Inquiries into Human Faculty and its Development
(http://www.galton.org/books/human-faculty/index.html), p. 26-27
2. ^ "Frequency Range of Human Hearing" (http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2003/ChrisDAmbrose.shtml). The
Physics Factbook.
3. ^
a

b

c
Krantz, Les (2009). Power of the Dog: Things Your Dog Can Do That You Can't
(http://books.google.com/books?
id=0l6jeMrA184C&pg=PA36&lpg=PA36&dq=%22dog+whistle%22+frequency&source=bl&ots=M3OiVHmD
NU&sig=qz5dsMYy895Ja9dAwkNEHmGrA4I&hl=en&sa=X&ei=qsQKUIjyD8fOqgHUouTKCg&ved=0CGAQ6
AEwBzgK#v=onepage&q=%22dog%20whistle%22%20frequency&f=false). MacMillan. pp. 3537.
ISBN 0312567227.
4. ^ Strain, George M. (2010). "How Well Do Dogs and Other Animals Hear?"
(http://www.lsu.edu/deafness/HearingRange.html). Prof. Strain's website
(http://www.lsu.edu/deafness/deaf.htm) . School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University. Retrieved
July 21, 2012.
5. ^ Caroline Coile, D.; Bonham, Margaret H. (2008), "Why Do Dogs Like Balls?: More Than 200 Canine Quirks,
Curiosities, and Conundrums Revealed" (http://books.google.com/books?
id=uqe_I8Q83yAC&lpg=PA116&dq=dog%20whistle%20frequency&pg=PA116#v=onepage&q=dog%20whistl
12/15/13 Dog whistle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog_whistle 2/2
e%20frequency&f=false), Sterling Publishing Company, Inc: 116, retrieved 2011-08-07
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dog_whistle&oldid=582844948"
Categories: Dog equipment Whistles Dog training and behavior
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