1

2011 J2 Common Test 2 Solution and Common Mistakes

Qn Solution
Q1 (i)






Using sine rule,

sin sin
1
2
sin sin
3 3
1
sin
3
3
2
2 3
sin (shown)
3 3
AB AC
ACB ABC
AC
AC

=

=
| |

|
\ .
| |
=
|
\ .
| |
=
|
\ .


(ii)
2 3
sin
3 3
AC


| |
=
|
\ .


2
2
2 3
sin cos cos sin
3 3 3
2 3 3 1
cos sin
3 2 2
3
cos sin
3
3
1
2 3
3 1
1
3 2

| |
=
|
\ .
| |
=
|
|
\ .
=
| |

|
|
\ .
=


A
B
C

2
3

1
2

Q2
(i)
d 1
d 1
y
x x
=
+


1
d
1
ln| 1|
y x
x
x c
=
+
= + +


(ii) The gradient of every solution curve approaches zero as x .




(iii) When x =0, y =0 0 ln1 0 c c = + =
ln| 1| y x = +


(iv)































y
x 1 O 2
1

2

ln| 1| y x = +
ln| 1| 1 y x = + +
ln| 1| 2 y x = + +
x =1
3
Q3
(i)

4
0
cos2
d
1 sin2
x
x
x

+



4
0

4
0
1 2cos2
d
2 1 sin2
1
ln1 sin2
2
1
ln1 1 ln1 0
2
ln2
2
x
x
x
x

=
+
= + (

= + + (

=

(ii)
1

2
2 2
0
1
d
1
k
x
k x

( )
( )
1

2
2 2
0
2
1

2
2
0
2
1

1
2
0
1 1
1
d
1
1
d
1
1
sin
1 1
sin sin 0
2
6
k
k
k
x
k x
k
x
k x
k
kx
k
k
k

=
| |

|
\ .
(
=

( | |
=
| (
\ .
=

1

4 2
2 2
0 0
cos2 1
d d
1 sin2
1
ln2
2 6 3ln2
k x
x x
x
k x
k
k

=
+

= =



4

Q4







(i) M is the mid-point of AB.







(ii) Given b = 9i 2j +6k

9 2 +6
|9 2 +6

= =

b i j k
b
| b | i j k |


2 2 2
9 2 +6
9 2 6

=
+ +
i j k


1
(9 - 2 +6
11
= i j k)

1
| | (3 +4 9 ) (9 - 2 +6 )
11
= a b i j k i j k

1
(27 8 54)
11
=

35
11
=

| | a b is the length of projection of a on b.

(iii)
2(3 4 9 ) (9 2 6 )
5 2 4
3
+ + +
= = +
i j k i j k
p i j k

Area of
1
2
OAP = a p

1
(3 4 9 ) (5 2 4
2
= + + i j k i j k)


3 5
1
4 2
2
9 4
| | | |
| |
=
| |
| |

\ . \ .

5

16+18
1
( 12+45)
2
6 20
1
|2 33 14 |
2
| |
|
=
|
|

\ .
= i j k



2 2 2
1
2 33 14
2
1
1289
2
= + +
=



Alternative:
Area of OAP =
1
Area of
3
OAB


1 1
3 2
= a b

3 9
1
4 2
6
9 6
| | | |
| |
=
| |
| |

\ . \ .



24 18
1
(18+81)
6
6 36
1
|6 99 42 |
6
| |
|
=
|
|

\ .
= i j k


1 1
11601 1289
6 2
= =

6

Q5 (i) When t =1, x =4, y =e 1 P(4, e 1)

( ) ( )
2 d
1 2 1
d
x
x t t
t
= + = +

d
e 1 e
d
t t
y
y
t
= =

( )
d
d e
d
d
d 2 1
d
t
y
y
t
x
x t
t
= =
+

When t =1,
d e
d 4
y
x
= .

Equation of tangent at P is

( ) ( )
e
e 1 4
4
e
e 1 e
4
e
1
4
y x
y x
y x
=
+ =
=

At A, when y =0,
e
0 1
4
x = .

4
e
x = (shown)

(ii)
1
0
d
Le e d t , e
d
t t
v
u t t t
t
| |
= =
|
\ .

( ) ( )
1
1
0
0
e e d
e 0 e 1
1 (shown)
t t
t t
(
=

=
=

Area under curve

( )
( )
( )
4
1
1
0
1
0
d
e 1 2 1 d
2 e e 1 d
t
t t
y x
t t
t t t
=
= +
= +

7

( )
( )
( )
1 1
0 0
1
2
0
2 e d 2 e 1 d
2 1 2 e
2
1
2 2 e 1 1 0 0
2
5
2 2 e 2e 3
2
t t
t
t t t t
t
t
= +
(
= +
(

( | |
= +
| (
\ .
| |
= + =
|
\ .



Area of triangle

( )
1 4 1 4
4 e 1 4e 4 4
2 e 2 e
2
2e 4
e
| | | |
= = +
| |
\ . \ .
= +


Area of region R

Area under curve Area of triangle
2 2
2e 3 2e 4 1
e e
=
| |
= + =
|
\ .


Q6
(a) From GC, ( )
2
d
ln 0.517 (to 3sf)
d
x
x
x
x
=
=







(b)
(i) Area of hexagon

2 2
2 2
1 3 3
6 sin60 cm (shown)
2 2
1 3 3 3
OR 6 cm (shown)
2 2 2
x x x
x x x
= =
=


(ii)
2
Total surface area of the box,
2 Area of hexagon 6 Area of rectangle
3 3 6
S
x hx
= +
= +


8

2
Volume of the box
=Area of hexagon Height
3 3
2
x h

=


Volume =270
2
60 3
h
x
=

2
2
2
60 3
3 3 6
360 3
3 3 (shown)
S x x
x
x
x
| |
= +
|
|
\ .
= +


For S to be minimum,
d
0
d
S
x
= .

2
d 360 3
6 3
d
S
x
x x
=

d
0
d
S
x
= :

2
2
3
3
3
360 3
6 3 0
360 3
6 3
6 3 360 3
60
60
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
=
=
=
=
=


2
2 3
d 720 3
6 3
d
S
x x
= +
When
3
60 x = ,

2
2
d 720 3
6 3 18 3
60 d
S
x
= + = >0.
S is minimum when
3
60 x = .

(iii) Minimum value of S

( )
2
3
3
360 3
3 3 60
60
= +

Least amount spent
( )
2
2 2 3
3
360 3
3 3 60 cm $0.005/ cm
60
$1.19 (to 2 dp)
| |
= +
|
|
\ .
=

9
Q7 (i) Quota sampling.

(ii) Advantage: (any one)
Easy to administer/Convenient as the surveyor are given their choice to choose their
respondents.
Information can be collected quickly since. ..

Disadvantage: (any one)
May not be a good representation of the
population as a whole since the size of the age groups may be different.
Sample obtained is non-random. Sample may be biased as the surveyors may simply
select those who are easier to interview.

Q8 HYPOTHESIS: 8 different letters, 2 H, 2 S.

Case No. of Selection
All 4 letters are
different
8
4
C 70 =
Exactly 2 letters
are identical
2 7
1 2
C C 2 21 42 = =
2 pairs of
identical letters
2
2
C 1 =

Total no. of selections =70 42 1 113 + + =



Total no, of 4-letter code-words

4! 4!
70 4! 42 1
2 2!2!
1680 504 6 2190
= + +
= + + =


10

Q9 (i) Let X be the file size of a photograph in kilobytes.

53394
970.8
55
x
x
n
= = =

( )
2
2
1 1
96741 1791.5
1 54
s x x
n
= = =

(ii) H
0
: =980
H
1
: 980

Under H
0
, since n =55 is large, by Central Limit Theorem and s
2
is a good estimate
of
2
,
1791.5
~N 980,
55
X
| |
|
\ .
approximately.
Hence, test statistic
980
~N(0, 1)
1791.555
X
Z

= approximately.

=0.10

From GC, z = 1.6120 .

p-value =2 P( 1.6120) 0.107 Z =

Since p =0.107 > =0.10, we do not reject H
0
at 10% level of significance and
conclude there is insufficient evidence that there has been a change in the mean file
size of a photograph.


(ii) = ( ) ( ) P 1.96 P 1.96 Z Z +
=0.05 (to 1 sf)

11

Q10 (i)

(ii) (a) r =0.9902 (to 4 dp)

(b) r =0.9832 (to 4 dp)


(iii) The better model is y a bx = + because the corresponding r value is closer to +1,
indicating a stronger positive linear relationship between x and y than that between x
and y
2
.

(iv) From GC, 9.7905 0.92381 y x = + .

When x =10.7, y =19.7 (to 3 sf)

The answer is not reliable as it is an extrapolation beyond the range of data
available.

12

Q11 Given X = The number of demands for vans.
For 1 day, X ~Po().
Given
64
P( 2) P( 4),
27
X X = = = without G.C.,
2 4
64
2! 27 4!
e e



| |
=
|
\ .

2
81
16
=
9
or 2.25 exactly (Shown)
4
=

(i) Using GC to generate values for P( ) X x = .


From GC, P(X =2) is the greatest,
The most probable value of X =2.

(ii) P( ) 0.9 X n
Using GC to generate values for P( ) X x


From GC, the least value of n =4.

(iii) Let Y =No. of days with X =1.
P(X =1) =0.23715
For 5 days, Y ~B(5, 0.23715)
P( 3) 1 P( 3) Y Y > = =0.0128



13
0.1
0.9
Q12













(a) Given P( a 0 is received) =0.49
(0.85) (1 )(0.05) 0.49 p p + =
0.8 0.44 p =
0.55 p = (shown)

P( 110 is received as 1#0)
0.45 0.9 0.45 0.05 0.55 0.85 0.00426 = =

(b) f ( ) P(1 is transmitted a 1 is received) p =

(1 )(0.9)
(0.1) (1 )(0.9)
p
p p

=
+



0.9(1 )
0.9 0.8
p
p

9(1 )
9 8
p
p

[shown]


2
(9 8 )( 9) 9(1 )( 8)
f '( )
(9 8 )
p p
p
p

=

2
81 72 72 72
(9 8 )
p p
p
+ +
=

2
9
0 for 0 1
(9 8 )
p
p
= <

Hence f(p) is a decreasing function for 0 1 p . [Shown]

The statement means that the greater the probability that a 0 is transmitted, the smaller
the probability that a 1 is transmitted if a 1 is received.
Or: As the probability of a 0 being transmitted increases, the probability of a 1 being
transmitted given that a 1 is received decreases.
Q13 Let X = The daily rainfall in mm.
Then X ~ ) , ( N
2
.
0.05
0 is transmitted
0.85
received as 0
received as #
received as 1
1 p
p
0.05
1 is transmitted
0.05
received as 0
received as #
received as 1
14
For 7 days,
2
~N( , )
7
X

.

Given P(X >10.2) =0.05
P
10.2
( ) 0.05 Z

> =
P
10.2
( ) 1 0.05 0.95 Z

= =
From GC,
10.2
1.6449

=
10.2 1.6449 = (1)

Now, P( 6.1) 0.027 X < =
P
6.1
0.027
7
Z

| |
|

| < =
|
|
\ .

From GC,
6.1
1.9268
7

=

6.1 1.9268
7

= (2)
(1)-(2): 4.1 2.3732 = 1.7276 = =1.73
Sub into (1): 10.2 1.6449(1.7276) 7.36 = =



Let Y =No. of days with rainfall more than 10.2 mm.
For 60 days, Y ~B(60, 0.05),
Since n =60 is large, np =60(0.05) =3 <5,
Y ~Po(3) approximately.

P( 7) P( 6) Y Y < = =0.966