CH2004 - Heat and Mass Transfer

Quiz
Total Marks: 25
Time: 1.5 hours
1. At 25
o
C, the haemoglobin molecule has a diusivity of 0.069 10
9
m
2
/s
in water. Using the Stokes-Einstein relation, estimate the diameter of this
molecule. Assume water has a viscosity of 10
3
kg/m/s. (2 points)
Using Stokes-Einstein relation
R =
K
B
T
6 D
=
1.38 10
23
298
6 3.14 10
3
0.069 10
9
3.16nm (1)
so diameter is 6.32nm.
2. In a two component mixture consisting of component A and B, using
Ficks law write down the expression for the velocity dierence v
A
v
B
in terms of mass fractions. (2 Point)
v
A
= v Dlog
A
v
B
= v Dlog
B
(2)
or,
v
A
v
B
= D log

A

B
(3)
3. Calculate the mean free path of carbon mono-oxide CO molecule. Assume
the CO molecules are traveling in air at T=300K, P=1.00 atm, and that
the diameters of CO and air molecules are both 3.7510
10
m. (2 Point)
Assuming ideal gas law, we can compute number density of CO molecule
as
n =
P
k
B
T
=
1.01 10
5
1.38 10
23
300
= 2.415 10
25
(4)
=
1

2 n d
2
=
1

2 2.415 10
25
3.14 (3.75 10
10
)
2
= 65nm
(5)
4. Use the value of mean-free path of CO molecule found in previous problem
to estimate the viscosity and the thermal conductivity of the CO molecule.
(3 Point)
Average speed is
v =

8 k
B
T
m
=

8 RT
M
=

8 8.314 300
3.14 28 10
3
= 476.39m/s (6)
1
mass of one molecule of CO is
m =
28 10
3
6.023 10
23
= 4.648 10
26
kg (7)
=
mn
3
v =
4.648 10
26
2.415 10
25
3
65 10
9
476.39 (8)
which gives = 11.18 10
5
N-s/m
2
and thermal conductivity is
=
3
2 m
k
B
=
3
2 4.648 10
26
1.38 10
23
11.18 10
5
(9)
5. Provide typical values of Prandtl number number for ideal gases as pre-
dicted by kinetic theory of gases(1 Point)
Pr = 2/3
6. The fact that Pyrex glass is almost impermeable to every gas except helium
can be used to separate Helium from natural gas. Suppose a natural gas
mixture is contained in a Pyrex tube of radius 2cm and length 50cm.
It is given that the thickness of tube is 0.1 cm. Obtain the rate (in
unit of mole/s) at which helium will leak out of the tube in terms of
the interfacial concentrations of the helium in the pyrex and diusion
coecient of helium-Pyrex system. (4 Point)
The solution is dilute and external force is not present. So, we can use
Ficks second law

t
C = D
2
C (10)
which at steady state and one-dimensional diusion along radial direction
becomes

r

r
C

= 0 (11)
which can be solved to obtain
C = K
1
log r +K
2
(12)
But, at R = R
0
, C = C
10
. so,
C
10
= K
1
log R
0
+K
2
(13)
which means
C = C
10
+K
1
log
r
R
0
(14)
But, at R = R
i
, C = C
1i
. so,
C = C
10
+ (C
1i
C
10
)
log
r
R0
log
Ri
R0
(15)
2
So, ux is
N

r=R0
= D

r
C

r=R0
= D (C
1i
C
10
)
1
R
0
log
R0
Ri
(16)
so the molar rate is
dn
dt
= 2 R
0
LN

r=R0
= 2 LD (C
1i
C
10
)
1
log
R0
Ri
(17)
7. Jasmone (C
11
H
16
O) is a valuable aroma from Jasmine owers that is used
in soaps and cosmetics. We are recovering this from its water solution
(Jasmine owers in water) with benzene drops. We can model the system
as combination of two thick lms in contact with each other (one in the
Benzene drop and one in water) . The mass transfer coecient of Jasmone
in Benzene is k
B
= 3.0 10
4
cm/ s while in water it is k
W
= 2.4
10
3
cm/s . Find out the mass ux of Jasomene in terms of its bulk
concentration in Benzene and Water. (5 Point)
Hint: At steady state the ux of Jasmone from Benzene should be same
in magnitude as ux of Jasmone from water.
Assuming steady state
N
1
= k
W
(C
10W
C
1iW
) = k
B
(C
1iB
C
10B
) (18)
also,
C
1iB
= H C
1iW
(19)
so,
k
W
(C
10W
C
1iW
) = k
B
(H C
1iW
C
10B
) (20)
or,
C
1iW
=
k
W
C
10W
+k
B
C
10B
(k
B
H +k
W
)
(21)
Substituting it in ux equation, we have
N
1
= k
W

C
10W

k
W
C
10W
+k
B
C
10B
(k
B
H +k
W
)

=
1
1
KW
+
1
KB
(H C
10W
C
10B
)
(22)
8. Two immisible solvents I and II are in contact at the plane z = 0. At
time t = 0 the concentration of solute A is c
AI
= C
0
I
in phase I and
c
AII
= C
0
II
in phase II. For t > 0 diusion takes place across the liquid-
liquid interface.
(a) Write down the species conservation equations in both phases. (2
Point)
3
As there is no mechanism for bulk ow, it is reasonable to assume
that bulk velocity v = 0. Then we have,

AI
= D
I

2
z

AI
for z 0 (23)
and

AII
= D
II

2
z

AII
for 0 z (24)
(b) Provide the initial and Boundary condition to solve the problem. (Do
not try to solve the equations !) (4 Point) Initial Condition:
at t = 0,
AI
=
0
AI
for z 0 (25)
and
at t = 0,
AII
=
0
AII
for0 z (26)
Boundary Conditions:
i.
at z = ,
AII
=
0
AII
(27)
ii.
at z = ,
AI
=
0
AI
(28)
iii.
at z = 0,
AII
= H
AI
(29)
iv.
at z = 0, D
I

z

AII
= D
II

z

AII
(30)
4