1192

4/4/13
Government 10
Problem Set 4
Due April 5, 2013
Chapter 3: 20, 22, 28, 36, 40, 51

3.20.
C. 2.5%. An IQ score of 130 is 2 standard deviations away from the mean of 100,
so 2 standard deviations covers 95% of the adults. Thus 2.5% of the adults
would have an IQ higher than 130, and 130 of the adults would have an IQ lower
than 70 because it is symmetrical.

3.22.
C. 0.0336. 1-0.9664=0.0336.

3.28
a) z -1.25
Proportion: 0.1056 of the observations.









b) z -1.25
Proportion: 0.8944 of the observations

c) z> 2.17
Proportion: 0.015 of the observations

d) -1.25<z>2.17
Proportion: 0.8794 of the observations

0.985-0.1056=0.8794 of the observations fit within the parameters

twoway function y=normalden(x), range(-4 4) color(dknavy) || function
y=normalden(x), range(-1.25 2.17) recast(area) color(dknavy) xtitle("{it: x}")
ytitle("Density") legend(off) xlabel(-1.25 0 2.17)

3.36.
Bottom 10%: According to the table, the closest with the proportion of 0.1 is z=-
1.28, proportion 0.1003.
X= mean + (-1.28)(standard deviation)
X= 20.3 + (-1.28)(4.3)
X= 14.796 miles per gallon.
A 2010 vehicles gas mileage must be about 14.8 miles per gallon (mpg) in order
to fall in the bottom 10% of all 2010 vehicles, ignoring outliers.

3.40.
x1600
(x-1021)/211= (1600-1021)/211
z2.744
Table A: z2.744, proportion of observations: 0.9969. 1-0.9969=0.0031.
The proportion of SAT scores for these two parts to be reported as 1600 was
0.0031.

3.51
a)
Proportion of earnings above $375? What percent of N(350.30, 292.20)
distribution is above $375?
According to the table, the number of earnings that are above $375 is 66.
There are 200 earnings total. 66/200 is 0.33, so 0.33 is the proportion of earnings
above $375.
According to the distribution,
x>375
(x-350.30)/ 292.20 > (375-350.30)/292.20
z>0.08453
Table A: z>0.08 Proportion: 0.5319. Percent: 53.19%.
b)
Percent of N(350.30, 292.20) distribution is below zero:
x<0
(x-350.30)/292.20< (0-350.30)/292.20
z<-1.19883
Table A: z<-1.20 Proportion: 0.1151. So 11.51% of the earnings are below zero.
c)
Based on a) and b), it is not a good idea to summarize the distribution of incomes
by an N(350.3, 292.2) distribution because the earnings do not follow the pattern
of a normal distribution very closely. Because of this, there are proportions of
earnings vary at different levels quite significantly (33% v 53%) and the normal
distribution will produce 11% having negative earnings, which is impossible
according to the actual data. Therefore, summarize the distribution of incomes by
a Normal Distribution N(350.3, 292.2) is inaccurate.