LEARNING AREA 5 : PROGRAMMING

PROGRAMMING = a
creation of a set of
commands or instructions
which directs a computer in
carrying a task.
PROGRAMMING = a
creation of a set of
commands or instructions
which directs a computer in
carrying a task.
PROGRAM = a series of
organised instructions that directs a
computer to perform tasks.
PROGRAM = a series of
organised instructions that directs a
computer to perform tasks.
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE = a set of words, symbols and
codes that enables human to communicate with the computers.
Ex: ALGL, !A"#$, %#"&AL !A"#$, $, $'', (A%A, )*+L,
A,A, -A"$AL, $!L
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE = a set of words, symbols and
codes that enables human to communicate with the computers.
Ex: ALGL, !A"#$, %#"&AL !A"#$, $, $'', (A%A, )*+L,
A,A, -A"$AL, $!L
. le/els
001
-2$E,&2AL
LA0G&AGE
001
-2$E,&2AL
LA0G&AGE
-2G2A++#0G
LA0G&AGE"
L3 LE%EL -2G2A++#0G
LA0G&AGE
)#G) LE%EL -2G2A++#0G
LA0G&AGE
FIRST
GENERATION
LANGUAGE
SECOND
GENERATION
LANGUAGE
FIFTH
GENERATION
LANGUAGE
FORTH
GENERATION
LANGUAGE
THIRD
GENERATION
LANGUAGE
+A$)#0E
LA0G&AGE
+A$)#0E
LA0G&AGE
A""E+!L4
LA0G&AGE
A""E+!L4
LA0G&AGE
0A*&2AL
LA0G&AGE
0A*&2AL
LA0G&AGE
-2$E,&2AL
LA0G&AGE
-2$E,&2AL
LA0G&AGE
$onsist of 5,6
7binary code8
$-& can execute
directly
$onsist of 5,6
7binary code8
$-& can execute
directly
&se human1readable
notation, symbolic
instruction codes,
meaningful
abbrea/iation,
mnemonics8
&se human1readable
notation, symbolic
instruction codes,
meaningful
abbrea/iation,
mnemonics8
%isual programming
language
Allow people to
interact with the
computer without
needing any special
knowledge
Ex: -rolog, +ercury
%isual programming
language
Allow people to
interact with the
computer without
needing any special
knowledge
Ex: -rolog, +ercury
high le/el languages must be translated to machine language using $+-#LE2 9
#0*E2-2E*E2
high le/el languages must be translated to machine language using $+-#LE2 9
#0*E2-2E*E2
Enable user to
access database
Ex: ":L, 0+A,,
;$&"
Enable user to
access database
Ex: ":L, 0+A,,
;$&"
&se series of english1
like words
Ex: -A"$AL,
;2*2A0, !A"#$,
$!L, $, $''
&se series of english1
like words
Ex: -A"$AL,
;2*2A0, !A"#$,
$!L, $, $''
Assembly language translate to
machine lang. using
A""E+!LE2
Assembly language translate to
machine lang. using
A""E+!LE2
<< *2A0"LA*2 translate high le/el languages to machine language. Example of translator = A""E+!LE2 , $+-#LE2 = #0*E2-2E*E2
tran
<< *2A0"LA*2 translate high le/el languages to machine language. Example of translator = A""E+!LE2 , $+-#LE2 = #0*E2-2E*E2
tran
*ranslate assembly lang machine lang. #nterpreter and compiler translate high le/el language machine language
#nterpret and execute program directly from
source code, without compiling it first.
"ource code is interpreted in real time, line1
by1line until end of program.
*ranslate the whole9 entire program into
machine language, sa/e it as ob>ect code
and execute it later.
Example of assembler : +A$21?5,
+icrosoft +A"+
Example of programming language that uses
interpreter@ !A"#$, LG, "mall*alk
Example of programming language that
uses compiler: $'', $!L, -ascal
PROGRAMMING APPROACH
PROGRAMMING APPROACH
TRANSLAT
OR
*ranslates high le/el language machine language.
ASSEMBLER COMPILER INTERPRETER
Assembly Language
+achine Language
Assembler
"ource $ode ' ,ata
2esult 2esult
#nterpreter
"ource $ode
b>ect $ode
$ompile
r
Error go to
program listing
files
2esult
,ata
Structured
Approach
Structured
Approach
Object Ore!ted Approach
"OOP#
Object Ore!ted Approach
"OOP#