Lecture No 31

Concept of Area in OSPF

The Domain (Single Network in which we ha!e to configure OSPF we "i!i"e
thi# Domain into part# in#tea" of treat# it a# a whole$ The#e part# are calle" Area#$
The %enefit of "i!i"ing the Network into "ifferent Area# i# that it# management
%ecome# ea#&$
Or
'n OSPF en!ironment an Autonomou# S&#tem (Network i# "i!i"e" into #e!eral
Area# "ue to the#e #mall area# their (anagement (OSPF Operation %ecome# ea#&$
Let following Network picture i# of an& compan& or autonomou# #&#tem 1 when we
configure OSPF an" "i!i"e" it into "ifferent Area#$ 'n following network it i# ea#& to
configuration in"i!i"ual area# in#tea" of whole Network$
Area )
Area *
Area 3
Area +
Area 1
,ack ,one Area
Area ) will alwa&# %e the ,ack
%one Area in OSPF to which all
area are "irectl& connecte"
(Just like Capital as Islamabad is
Capital of Pakistan)
Area ,or"er -outer
A -outer which connect# two
area# i# calle" A,-$ 't ha#
route# of %oth area#
.lection of D- an" ,D-
-outer# which are connecte"
through .thernet Link# there
will %e election of D- an" ,D-$
The#e are calle" .thernet
Network#
'nternet Clou"
Autonomou# S&#tem
,oun"ar& -outer (AS,-
A -outer which connect# the
Autonomou# S&#tem OSPF Network
with the 'nternet Clou"
Autonomou# S&#tem 1
,ack%one Area
'n an autonomou# #&#tem in which OSPF i# configure" one Area #houl" %e the
,ack%one Area which i# "irectl& connecte" to the other Area# or in other wor"# all
area #houl" ha!e to "irectl& connect with the ,ack%one Area$ A# #hown a%o!e$
Area ,or"er -outer# (A,-
The router which connect# two Area# with each other i# calle" A,- (Area Border
Router$ The traffic of one area which ha!e to go in other area will pa## from thi#
router/ %ecau#e it0# #ome 'nterface# are in one area an" #ome interface# are in other
area$ .!er& router of each area contain# routing information of it# own area$
,ut
A,- (Area Border Router) contains the routing information of both areas in which its
interfaces are present.
Note1
A# in pre!iou# lecture we #tate that all OSPF #peaking router# in a network ha!e
#ame ink !tate "ata Base or Routing Information "ata Base.
,ut
Now we can State that all OSPF #peaking router# in a Specific Area ha!e '"entical
ink !tate "ata Base or Routing Information "ata Base. An" Link State Data ,a#e i#
the (AP of that Area$
2ue#tion1
3hat i# the ,enefit of "i!i"ing an OSPF Domain in Area#4
An#wer1
,efore "i!i"ing the OSPF Domain into Area# the #i5e of Link State Data ,a#e wa#
!er& %ig an" it wa# "ifficult to manage the whole Link State Data ,a#e #o6 %&
"i!i"ing OSPF Domain in Area# the #i5e of Link State Data ,a#e %ecome limite" an"
each router ha# le## loa" of routing ta%le#$
Note1
'n CCNA cour#e we ha!e to #tu"& OSPF configuration onl& in Single Area not in
multiple area#6 #o if there are onl& few router in our network then we can put all
router# in #ingle area an" it i# not nece##ar& that there #houl" %e an& ,ack ,one
Area6 or Area )$
2ue#tion1
7ow man& (a8imum router# can %e in an Area4
An#wer1
,ecau#e #i5e of an Area can go up *)) to *9) router# #o if we ha!e few router# we
can put them in a #ingle area ea#il&$
Note1 All Non:,ack ,one Area# #houl" "irectl& connect with the ,ack ,one Area$
2ue#tion1
'# it nece##ar& that an OSPF Area #houl" %e the Back Bone Area or Area # when &ou
ha!e create" &our OSPF Network in onl& One Area4
An#wer1
'f we ha!e to create our OSPF network into a #ingle area then it coul" %e an& area or
$on%Back Bone6 %ut the moment when we ha!e to a"" another Area then one area
#houl" %e the Back Bone Area or Area #. An" e!er& area #houl" ha!e to "irectl&
connect to the Back Bone Area.
Autonomou# S&#tem ,oun"ar& -outer (AS,-
The router# which connect the Autonomou# S&#tem with the internet clou" are
calle" the AS,- (Autonomou# S&#tem ,oun"ar& -outer$ 't ma& %e an& router an"
ma& %e from an& Area of the Autonomou# #&#tem$
2ue#tion1
1 '# AS,- (Autonomous !&stem Boundar& Router #houl" %e from the ,ack ,one Area
or Non:,ack ,one Area4
* '# A,- (Area Border Router can %e the AS,- (Autonomous !&stem Boundar& Router4
3 '# there #houl" %e onl& one AS,- (Autonomous !&stem Boundar& Router in an
Autonomou# S&#tem4
An#wer1
1 AS,- (Autonomous !&stem Boundar& Router can %e from an& ,ack ,one Area an"
Non:,ack ,one Area$
* An A,- (Area Border Router can al#o %e the AS,- (Autonomous !&stem Boundar&
Router$
3 There can %e (ultiple AS,- (Autonomous !&stem Boundar& Routers in an
Autonomou# S&#tem$
Not1 7ow -outer a##ume# in OSPF area that the& are A,- or AS,-
'uestion( )ow Router assumes that it is ABR (Area Border Router
An#wer1
'uestion( )ow Router assumes that it is A!BR (Autonomous !&stem Boundar& Router)
Answer( *ostl& routing information between the routers in an Area is e+changed
through ,!P- (,pen !hortest Path -irst) and in .wo or more Autonomous !&stems the
routing information /+change through different Routing Protocols but the mostl&
using routing protocol is B0P (Border 0atewa& Protocol) and the Router on which Both
,!P- (,pen !hortest Path -irst) and B0P (Border 0atewa& Protocol) are configured will
assume itself an A!BR (Autonomous !&stem Boundar& Router).
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
(etric Of OSPF (Open Shorte#t Path Fir#t
2ue#tion1 3hat i# %an" wi"th4
An#wer1 The "ifference %etween the 7ighe#t an" Lowe#t Fre;uencie# a!aila%le for
Network #ignal# i# calle" ,an"wi"th$ ,ig #i5e packet# can not pa## through the
interface which ha# low %an"wi"th$
'n #imple wor"# we can #a& that it i# <u#t like the 1idth of the Road$ No traffic can
pa## which i# wi"e more than the wi"th of roa"$
The co#t i# the ,an"wi"th "epen"ent metric an" it i# calculate" %& -outer#
automaticall& %& u#ing the following formula1
1)
=

Co#t >
,an"wi"th
-outer "i!i"e# the 'nterface ,an"wi"th %& the -eference ,an"wi"th an" get#
the Co#t of a link$
The "efault !alue of the -eference ,an"wi"th i# 1)
=
1))))))))
The Co#t i# in!er#el& proportional to the ,an"wi"th$ 'f a Link ha# 7igh ,an"
wi"th it# co#t will %e le## an" !i#e !er#a$
't i# non monitor& co#t$ 't i# <u#t a num%er$ ,an"wi"th i# a num%er %etween
11)6)))6))) an" i# mea#ure" in kilo%it#$
Co#t i# a num%er %etween 1?96939$ Co#t ha# no unit of mea#urement it i# <u#t a
num%er$
Link# ha!ing 7igh ,an" wi"th an" Low Co#t are more prefera%le$
Note1
.thernet 'nterface# ha!e high ,an"wi"th there for .thernet Link# ha!e Low Co#t$
An"
Serial 'nterface# ha!e Low ,an"wi"th there for Serial Link# ha!e 7igh Co#t
Cost OSPF for Ethernet interfaces:
1 Bandwidth of Ethernet (802.2) is 10 Mb
2 Bandwidth of Fast Ethernet (802.!) is 100Mb
Bandwidth of "i#abit Ethernet (802.$) is 1000Mb
1 Cost of Ethernet (802.2) % 10
8
/Bandwidth
Cost of Ethernet (802.2) % 10
8
/10Mb
Cost of Ethernet (802.2) % 10
8
/10x10
6
Cost of Ethernet (802.2) % 100000000/10000000
Cost of Ethernet (802.2) % 10
2 Cost of Fast Ethernet (802.!) % 10
8
/Bandwidth
Cost of Fast Ethernet (802.!) % 10
8
/100Mb
Cost of Fast Ethernet (802.!) % 10
8
/100x10
6
Cost of Fast Ethernet (802.!) % 100000000/100000000
Cost of Fast Ethernet (802.!) % 1
3 Cost of "i#abit Ethernet (802.$) % 10
8
/Bandwidth
Cost of "i#abit Ethernet (802.$) % 10
8
/1000Mb
Cost of "i#abit Ethernet (802.$) % 10
8
/1000x10
6
Cost of "i#abit Ethernet (802.$) % 100000000/1000000000
Cost of "i#abit Ethernet (802.$) % 1/10
&er' ()*ortant +ote:
Cost wi,, ne-er be in Fractions so in abo-e .!estion the cost of "i#abit Ethernet is no
correct. Mini)!) Cost wi,, be 1 so Cost cannot be decrease.
/hen how we can #et the correct Cost0
(f the Bandwidth of (nterface increases fro) the 1efa!,t 2eference Bandwidth then we sho!,d
ha-e to confi#!re the 2eference &a,!e of Bandwidth )an!a,,'.
Cost OSPF for Seria, (nterface:
1 Bandwidth of Seria, (nterface (/31) is 1.455 Mb
1 Cost of Seria, (nterface (/31) % 10
8
/Bandwidth
Cost of Seria, (nterface (/31) % 10
8
/1.544Mb
Cost of Seria, (nterface (/31) % 10
8
/1.544x1000
Cost of Seria, (nterface (/31) % 100000000/1544000
Cost of Seria, (nterface (/31) % 64.75~64
T:1 > 1$9++(% > 19++@% i# the "efault ,an"wi"th of Serial 'nterface if we change
the %an"wi"th of the Serial 'nterface of Ci#co -outer#$
Let we change it to ?+@%
2 Bandwidth of Seria, (nterface (Man!a,,' Chan#ed) is 657b
router>
router>enable
router#
router#configure ter!inal
router"config##
router"config##interface $erial 0
router"config%if##
router"config%if##bandwidth 64000
router"config%if##
Cost of Seria, (nterface (657b) % 10
8
/Bandwidth
Cost of Seria, (nterface (657b) % 10
8
/64&b
Cost of Seria, (nterface (657b) % 10
8
/64x1000
Cost of Seria, (nterface (657b) % 100000000/64000
Cost of Seria, (nterface (657b) % 156'.5~15
/i*:
For OSPF to calculate route# properl&6 all interface# connecte" to the #ame link mu#t
agree on the co#t of that link$ Therefore6 if &ou change the reference %an"wi"th on
one router6 &ou mu#t change it to match on all router# in that area$
33333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333
S0 (1.1.1.1)
S0 (1.1.1.2)
S1 (2.1.1.2)
S1 (2.1.1.1)
S0 (3.1.1.1)
S1 (4.1.1.2)
S0 (3.1.1.2)
S1 (4.1.1.1)
E0 (200.100.50.100)
E0 (200.100.100.100)
E0 (200.100.200.100)
E0 (200.100.150.100)
A
B
D
C
1$)$)$)
*$)$)$)
3$)$)$)
+$)$)$)
IP (200.100.50.12) IP (200.100.50.11) IP (200.100.50.26) IP (200.100.200.25)
IP (200.100.100.65) IP (200.100.100.66)
IP (200.100.150s.80)
IP (200.100.150.81)
*))$1))$9)$)
*))$1))$*))$)
*))$1))$1))$) *))$1))$19)$)
/his is the +etwor8 /o*o,o#' in Cor-it and we ha-e to confi#!re the OSPF ro!tin# *rotoco,. (f there
are two areas then one of both sho!,d be the Bac8bone 9rea.
B!t we *!t a,, the 2o!ters in a sin#,e 9rea. (t can be an' area b!t we a,wa's start fro) the 9rea 0.
:et !s confi#!re OSPF on 2o!ter 9 for +etwor8s 1.0.0.0 ; 5.0.0.0 ; 200.100.40.0
router(>
router(>enable
router(#
router(#configure ter!inal
router("config##
router("config##router o$)f 1
router("config%router##
rouetr("config%router##networ& 1.0.0.0 0.'55.'55.'55 area 0
router("config%router##networ& 4.0.0.0 0.'55.'55.'55 area 0
router("config%router##networ& '00.100.50.0 0.0.0.'55 area 0
router("config%router##end
router(#
OSPF is confi#!red <!st ,i8e the ("2P three difference are no)inated abo-e ,et !s see what the' are:
1 Process (1
(t is *!re,' the interna, n!)ber of the ro!ter and it is not concern with an' nei#hborin# ro!ter.
Area )
Proce## 'D
3il" Car" (a#k
Appropriate Area
(During configuration of IGRP we type Autonomous System Number and it concern with the neighboring
routers because, those networks in which IGRP is configured and if Autonomous System Number of
neighboring routers do not match they can never echange the routing information).
(n the case of OSPF Process (1 does not interfere in the e=chan#in# of the ro!tin# tab,es fro) one
ro!ter to its nei#hbors. (f the *rocess (1 of two ro!ters is not sa)e in OSPF then the' can a,so
e=chan#e the ro!tin# infor)ation. /he ran#e of the Process (1 is fro) 1 to 6444 we can t'*e an'
Process (1 between these n!)bers.

1ifference between 9!tono)o!s S'ste) +!)ber and Process (1
9!tono)o!s S'ste) +!)ber Process (1
(n ("2P confi#!ration (n OSPF confi#!ration

9!tono)o!s S'ste) +!)ber Sho!,d
be sa)e of a,, the ("2P ro!ters in the
sa)e 9!tono)o!s S'ste)
Process (1 Can be confi#!red sa)e and can a,so be
confi#!red different on a,, the ro!ter in a networ8 ro!t
OSPF
(n the case of ("2PO Sa)e
9!tono)o!s S'ste) ro!ter wi,, on,'
e=chan#e the ro!tin# infor)ation
(n the case of OSPF 2o!ters ha-in# sa)e or different
*rocess (1 can e=chan#e the ro!tin# infor)ation
On,' one ("2P can be confi#!red
>e can r!n OSPF )!,ti*,e ti)es on the ro!ters !sin#
different Process (1. Or in technica, ,an#!a#e we can sa'
that we can confi#!re the M!,ti*,e (ntensiti-es of OSPF one
a ro!ter
2 >i,dcard Mas8
(n the case of 2(P and ("2P we on,' t'*e the +etwor8 (1 after the +etwor8 co))and b!t d!rin#
confi#!ration of OSPF we sho!,d ha-e to t'*e the >i,dcard Mas8 of the networ8
9rea
>e sho!,d ha-e to t'*e the area in which the ro!ter interface is *resent
:et !s confi#!re OSPF on 2o!ter B for +etwor8s 1.0.0.0 ; 2.0.0.0 ; 200.100.100.0
routerB>
routerB>enable
routerB#
routerB#configure ter!inal
routerB"config##
routerB"config##router o$)f 1
routerB"config%router##
rouetrB"config%router##networ& 1.0.0.0 0.'55.'55.'55 area 0
routerB"config%router##networ& '.0.0.0 0.'55.'55.'55 area 0
*outer("config##router igr) 1 *outer("config##router o$)f 1
*outerB"config##router igr) 1 *outerB"config##router o$)f '4
routerB"config%router##networ& '00.100.100.0 0.0.0.'55 area 0
routerB"config%router##end
routerB#
:et !s confi#!re OSPF on 2o!ter C for +etwor8s 2.0.0.0 ; .0.0.0 ; 200.100.140.0
router+>
router+>enable
router+#
router+#configure ter!inal
router+"config##
router+"config##router o$)f 1
router+"config%router##
rouetr+"config%router##networ& '.0.0.0 0.'55.'55.'55 area 0
router+"config%router##networ& ,.0.0.0 0.'55.'55.'55 area 0
router+"config%router##networ& '00.100.150.0 0.0.0.'55 area 0
router+"config%router##end
router+#
:et !s confi#!re OSPF on 2o!ter 1 for +etwor8s .0.0.0 ; 5.0.0.0 ; 200.100.200.0
router->
router->enable
router-#
router-#configure ter!inal
router-"config##
router-"config##router o$)f 1
router-"config%router##
rouetr-"config%router##networ& ,.0.0.0 0.'55.'55.'55 area 0
router-"config%router##networ& 4.0.0.0 0.'55.'55.'55 area 0
router-"config%router##networ& '00.100.'00.0 0.0.0.'55 area 0
router-"config%router##end
router-#
:et !s see So)e Show Co))ands for OSPF ro!tin# *rotoco,
On 2o!ter 9
*outer(#$how i) )rotocol$
*outing .rotocol i$ /o$)f 1/
0ending u)date$ e1er2 30 $econd$4 next due in 10 $econd$
5n1alid after ,0 $econd$4 hold down 04 flu$hed after 60
6utgoing u)date filter li$t for all interface$ i$
5nco!ing u)date filter li$t for all interface$ i$
*edi$tributing7 o$)f 1
*outing for 8etwor&$7
1.0.0.0 0.0.0.'55 area 0
4.0.0.0 0.0.0.'55 area 0
'00.0.0.0 0.'55.'55.'55 area 0
*outing 5nfor!ation 0ource$7
9atewa2 -i$tance :a$t ;)date
'00.100.50.100 110 0070070,
-i$tance7 "default i$ 110#
*outer(#
On -outer ,
*outerB#$how i) )rotocol$
*outing .rotocol i$ /o$)f 1/
0ending u)date$ e1er2 30 $econd$4 next due in 10 $econd$
5n1alid after ,0 $econd$4 hold down 04 flu$hed after 60
6utgoing u)date filter li$t for all interface$ i$
5nco!ing u)date filter li$t for all interface$ i$
*edi$tributing7 o$)f 1
*outing for 8etwor&$7
1.0.0.0 0.0.0.'55 area 0
'.0.0.0 0.0.0.'55 area 0
'00.0.0.0 0.'55.'55.'55 area 0
*outing 5nfor!ation 0ource$7
9atewa2 -i$tance :a$t ;)date
'00.100.100.100 110 007007''
-i$tance7 "default i$ 110#
*outerB#
On -outer C
*outer+#$how i) )rotocol$
*outing .rotocol i$ /o$)f 1/
0ending u)date$ e1er2 30 $econd$4 next due in 10 $econd$
5n1alid after ,0 $econd$4 hold down 04 flu$hed after 60
6utgoing u)date filter li$t for all interface$ i$
5nco!ing u)date filter li$t for all interface$ i$
*edi$tributing7 o$)f 1
*outing for 8etwor&$7
'.0.0.0 0.0.0.'55 area 0
,.0.0.0 0.0.0.'55 area 0
'00.0.0.0 0.'55.'55.'55 area 3
*outing 5nfor!ation 0ource$7
9atewa2 -i$tance :a$t ;)date
'00.100.150.100 110 007007'4
-i$tance7 "default i$ 110#
*outer+#
On -outer D
*outer-#$how i) )rotocol$
*outing .rotocol i$ /o$)f 1/
0ending u)date$ e1er2 30 $econd$4 next due in 10 $econd$
5n1alid after ,0 $econd$4 hold down 04 flu$hed after 60
6utgoing u)date filter li$t for all interface$ i$
5nco!ing u)date filter li$t for all interface$ i$
*edi$tributing7 o$)f 1
*outing for 8etwor&$7
,.0.0.0 0.0.0.'55 area 0
4.0.0.0 0.0.0.'55 area 0
'00.0.0.0 0.'55.'55.'55 area 0
*outing 5nfor!ation 0ource$7
9atewa2 -i$tance :a$t ;)date
'00.100.'00.100 110 007007''
-i$tance7 "default i$ 110#
*outer-#
*outer(#$how i) route
+ode$7 +%connected4 0%$tatic4 5%59*.4 *%*5.4 M%!obile4 B%B9.
-%<59*.4 <=%<59*. external4 6%60.>4 5(%60.> inter area
<1%60.> external t2)e 14 <'%60.> external t2)e '4 <%<9.
i%50%504 :1%50%50 le1el%14 :'%50%50 le1el%'4 ? % candidate
default ; % )er%u$er $tatic route
9atewa2 of la$t re$ort i$ not $et
+ 1.0.0.0/8 @110/64A
+ 4.0.0.0/8 @110/64A
+ '00.100.50.0/'4 @110/10A
6 '.0.0.0/8 @110/1'8A 1ia 1.1.1.' 0075'755
6 ,.0.0.0/8 @110/13'A 1ia 1.1.1.' 007447''
,.0.0.0/8 @110/13'A 1ia 4.1.1.1 00748744
6 '00.100.100.0/8 @110/74A 1ia 1.1.1.' 007'1744
6 '00.100.150.0/8 @110/1,8A 1ia 1.1.1.' 007''744
'00.100.150.0/8 @110/1,8A 1ia 4.1.1.1 00754745
6 '00.100.'00.0/8 @110/74A 1ia 4.1.1.1 00744747
*outer(#
7ow OSPF Calculate the Co#t let u# #ee
The Default Co#t of Serial 'nterface i# ?+ %ecau#e$
Default ,an"wi"th of Serial 'nterface i# 19++@% an" we know co#t i# e;ual to
1)
=
A19++>?+
An"
Default Co#t of .thernet 'nterface i# 1) %ecau#e$
Default ,an"wi"th of .thernet 'nterface i# 1))))@% an" we know co#t i# e;ual to
1)
=
A1))))@% 1)
=
A1)))))))>1)
So6 Total co#t for each route at -outer A in OSPF i# calculate" %& a""ing the
Outgoing 'nterface# Co#t#$
It is .able for onl& at Router A Routing .able *etric Calculation
A"mini#trati!e
Di#tance
(etric Co#t
1)
=
Co#t >
,an"wi"th
Ne8t 7ope
router 'P
Time for
Bp"ate#
Similarl& we appl& thi# comman" C0how i) route$D on -outer ,6 -outer C an"
-outer D$
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
*outer(#$how i) o$)f
*outing .roce$$ /o$)f 1/ with 5- '00.100.50.100
0u))ort$ onl2 $ingle B60"B600# route$
0.> $chedule dela2 5 $ec$4 Cold ti!e between two 0.>$ 10 $ec$
Mini!u! :0( inter1al 5 $ec$. Mini!u! :0( arri1al 1 $ec$
8u!ber of external :0( 0. +hec&$u! 0u! 0x0
8u!ber of -+bitle$$ external :0( 0
8u!ber of -o8ot(ge external :0( 0
8u!ber of area$ in thi$ router i$ 1. 1 nor!al 0 $tub 0 n$$a
(rea B(+DB68<"0#
8u!ber of interface$ in thi$ area i$ 1
(rea ha$ no authentication
0.> algorith! executed 4 ti!e$
(rea range$ are
8u!ber of :0( 1. +hec&$u! 0u! 0x''1'-
8u!ber of -+bitle$$ :0( 0
8u!ber of indication :0( 0
8u!ber of -o8ot(ge :0( 0
Co#t for -oute#
Co#t Outgoing
'nterface Serial
E
Co#t Outgoing
'nterface .thernet
Total
Co#t
Serial ) Serial 1 E .thernet )
1$)$)$) ?+ E ) 23
+$)$)$)$ ?+ E ) 23
*))$1))$9)$) E 1) 4#
*$)$)$) ?+ ?+ E ) 456
3$)$)$) ?+E?+ ?+ E ) 475
*))$1))$1))$) ?+ E 1) 83
*))$1))$19)$) ?+ ?+ E 1) 496
*))$1))$*))$) ?+ E 1) 83
The highe#t 'P
a""re## of an&
interface of the
router i# calle"
-outer 'D
't mean# all the
'nterface# of thi#
router are in
#ingle area
router(#
Similarl& we appl& thi# comman" C0how i) o$)fD on -outer ,6 -outer C an"
-outer D$
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
*outer(#$how i) o$)f neighbor
8eighbor 5- .ri 0tate -ead Bi!e (ddre$$ 5nterface
'00.100.'00.100 1 >ull 007007,5 4.1.1.1 0erial 1
'00.100.100.100 1 >ull 007007'8 1.1.1.1 0erial 0
router#
't i# the neigh%or ta%le which i# "e!elope" "ue to e8change of hello packet#$
Similarl& we can appl& thi# comman" C$how i) o$)f neighbor$D on -outer ,6
-outer C an" -outer D$
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

if we u#e C$how i) o$)f interfaceD comman" then all the interface# of the router
will e8ecute #o we can #ee in"i!i"uall& the interface# one %& one6 B#ing the
comman" of each Serial an" .thernet interface$
@0how i) o$)f $erial 0A4
@0how i) o$)f $erial 1A
OSPF alwa&#
#how# the -outer
'D (highest ip
address of an&
interface of the
router of it#
"irectl& connecte"
router# an" the#e
router# are calle"
neigh%or router#
't i# the priorit&
of the router#
which are
neigh%or# of
router A an" all
router# in OSPF
ha!e b& default
:alue of
priorit&;4$ Al#o
we know all the
router# #houl"
ha!e #ame
priorit&
A# we know that
all the router in
OSPF pa##
through #e!en
"ifferent #tate#
an" la#t #tate i#
calle" Full #tate
an" at thi# #tate
all router ha!e
e8change" the
"B"P$
A# we know Dea"
Time in OSPF i#
b& default is 3#
seconds$ All the
router# #en" hello
packet# after
e:er& 4# seconds
to it# neigh%or#$
An" all routers
should ha:e same
)ello time and
dead inter:als.
The#e are the 'P
a""re## of tho#e
interface# of the
router A through
which router#
C5##.4##.5##.4##
and
5##.4##.4##.4##D
are neigh%or# of
router A$
The#e are the
interface# of
the router A
through
which router#
, an" D are
neigh%or# of
router A$
(nd
@0how i) o$)f <thernet 0A
Let u# #ee interface .thernet ) of router A
router(#
router(#$how i) o$)f <thernet 0
<thernet 0 i$ u)4 line )rotocol i$ u)
5nternet (ddre$$ '00.100.50.100/'44 (rea 0
.roce$$ 5- 14 *outer 5- '00.100.50.1004 8etwor& B2)e Broadca$t. +o$t
10
Bran$!it dela2 i$ 1 $ec4 0tate -*
.riorit2 14 -e$ignated *outer 5- '00.100.50.100
8o bac&u) de$ignated router on thi$ 8etwor&
Bi!e inter1al configured4 Cello 104 -ead 404 *etran$!it 5
Cello due in 00700703
5ndex '/'. >lood Eueue length i$ 0
8ext 0x0"0#/0x0"0#
:a$t flood $can length i$ 14 !axi!u! i$ 1
:a$t flood $can ti!e i$ 0 !$ec4 !axi!u! count i$ 1
8eighbor count i$ 04 adFacent neighbor count i$ 0
0u))re$$ hello for 0 neighbor$
router(#
Let u# #ee interface #erial ) of router A
router(#
router(#$how i) o$)f $erial 0
0erial 0 i$ u)4 line )rotocol i$ u)
5nternet (ddre$$ 1.1.1.1/84 (rea 0
.roce$$ 5- 14 *outer 5- '00.100.50.1004 8etwor& B2)e .658BGB6G.658B
+o$t 10
Bran$!it dela2 i$ 1 $ec4 0tate .658BGB6G.658B4
Bi!e inter1al configured4 Cello 104 -ead 404 *etran$!it 5
Cello due in 00700703
5ndex '/'. >lood Eueue length i$ 0
8ext 0x0"0#/0x0"0#
:a$t flood $can length i$ 14 !axi!u! i$ 1
:a$t flood $can ti!e i$ 0 !$ec4 !axi!u! count i$ 1
8eighbor count i$ 14 adFacent neighbor count i$ 1
(dFacent with neighbor 1.1.1.'/8
0u))re$$ hello for 0 neighbor$
router(#
Similarl& we can appl& thi# comman" @$how i) o$)f interfaceA on -outer ,6
-outer C an" -outer D$
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
*outer(#$how i) o$)f databa$e
60.> *outer with 5- "# ".roce$$ 5- 1#
*outer :in& 0tate$ "(rea 0#
:in& 5- (-H *outer (ge 0eE# +hec&$u! :in& count
*outer(#
Similarl& we can appl& thi# comman" @$how i) o$)f databa$eD on -outer ,6
-outer C an" -outer D$
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