CALCULATION FOR HEAT OF NEUTRALIZATION.

EXAMPLE 1
In an experiment to determine the heat of neutralization, 100.0 cm
3
of 2.0 mol dm
-3
hydrocloric acid, HCl at 29.5C is added to 1 cm
!
of "# mol dm
$!
sodium hydroxide, %a&H
solution 'hich is also at "(#)C in a plastic cup# *he mixture is then stirred and the hi+hest
temperature reached is ,1#)C # Calculate the heat of neutralization for the experiment#
Pro-lem sol.in+ /
Chemical e0uation HCl 1 %a&H 2 %aCl 1 H"&
*hermochemical reaction H
1
1 &H
$
2 H"&
%um-er of mole for neutralization
metal
Mole of H
1
3 M4
1
3 5"#6516
1
3 #" mole
Mole of &H
$
3 M4
1
3 5"#6516
1
3 #" mole
7efer to the chemical e0uation,
1 mole HCl reacts 'ith 1 mole %a&H to form 1 mole
H"&#
*herefore,
#" mole H%&! reacts 'ith #" mole 8&H to form #"
mole H"&#
Chan+es of heat in the reaction Q = mc !
m = 100.0 cm
3
+ 100.0 cm
3
= 200cm
3
= 200 g
c = 4.2 Jg
-1
C
-1
= 41.5C 29.5 C
= 12.0 C
9 3 mc: ;
3 "5,#"651"#6 ;
3 1< ;
3 1#< =;
*herefore,
#" mole of H"& released 1#< =; of heat#
Heat of neutralization #" mole of H"& / 1#< =;
1# mole of H"& / x =;
x 3 1#51#<6 =;
#"
3 )#, =;
*herefore,
heat of neutralization of H"& is $)#, =; mol
$1
EXAMPLE "
*he thermochemical e0uation for the reaction -et'een nitric acid, H%&! and potassium
hydroxide, 8&H solution is as follo's /
HNO3 " #OH $ #NO3 " H2O %H = -5&.' (! mol
-1
>hen 150 cm
3
of 2.0 mol dm
-3
nitric acid, HNO
3
is added to 250 cm
3
of 1.0 mol dm
-3

potassium hydroxide, #OH solution, 'hat is the chan+e in temperature?
Pro-lem sol.in+ /
Chemical e0uation H%&! 1 8&H 2 8%&! 1 H"&
*hermochemical reaction H
1
1 &H
$
2 H"&
%um-er of mole for neutralization
metal
Mole of H
1
3 M4
1
3 5"#651)6
1
3 #! mole
Mole of &H
$
3 M4
1
3 51#65")6
1
3 #") mole
7efer to the chemical e0uation,
1 mole H%&! reacts 'ith 1 mole 8&H to form 1 mole
H"&#
*herefore,
#") mole H%&! reacts 'ith #") mole 8&H to form
#") mole H"&#
Heat of neutralization 1# mole of H"& / )@#A =;
#") mole of H"& / x =;
x 3 #")5)@#A6 =;
1#
3 1,#1A) =;
3 1,1A) ;
*herefore,
heat of neutralization of H"& is $)#, =; mol
$1
Chan+es of heat in the reaction Q = mc !
Q = 14175 J
m = 150.0 cm
3
+ 250.0 cm
3
= 400cm
3
= 400 g
c = 4.2 Jg
-1
C
-1
= ? C
9 3 mc: ;
1,1A) 3 ,5,#"6 : ;
: 3 1,1A) ;
,5,#"6
3 <#, BC
*herefore,
*he chan+e in temperature for #") mole of H"&
released of 1,#1A) =; of heat is <#, BC#
Calculation is -ased on
num-er of moles of &H
$
ions
-ecause H
1
ions are in excess