Different types of shells

Bourne Shell (sh)

--sh: sh, posix sh, bash
Korn Shell (ksh)
--ksh: korn sh
C Shell (csh)
--csh: csh, tcsh
OSI Network Layer
7) Application
6) Presentation
5) Session
4) Transport
3) Network
2) Data Link
1) Physical
Spanning Tree Protocol
The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a network protocol that ensures a loop-free
topology for any bridged Ethernet local area network. The basic function of STP
is to prevent bridge loops and the broadcast radiation that results from them. S
panning tree also allows a network design to include spare (redundant) links to
provide automatic backup paths if an active link fails, without the danger of br
idge loops, or the need for manual enabling/disabling of these backup links.
Type of STP
1)Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)
-as 802.1w. RSTP
2)Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol
-defined in IEEE 802.1s and later merged into IEEE 802.1Q-2005
3)Per-VLAN Spanning Tree (PVST)
4)VLAN Spanning Tree Protocol (VSTP)
Key to number base notation
Full Text Notation Abbreviation Number Base
binary bin 2
octal oct 8
decimal dec 10
hexadecimal hex 16
TCP/UDP Port
20 TCP UDP FTP data transfer
21 TCP FTP control (command)
22 TCP UDP Secure Shell (SSH) used for secure logins, file transfer
s (scp, sftp) and port forwarding
23 TCP UDP Telnet protocolunencrypted text communications
25 TCP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)used for e-mail routi
ng between mail servers
53 TCP UDP Domain Name System (DNS)
80 TCP Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
107 TCP Remote TELNET Service protocol
110 TCP Post Office Protocol v3 (POP3)
115 TCP Simple File Transfer Protocol (SFTP)
123 UDP Network Time Protocol (NTP)used for time synchronization
143 TCP Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)management of emai
l messages
161 UDP Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
384 TCP UDP A Remote Network Server System
443 TCP Hypertext Transfer Protocol over TLS/SSL (HTTPS)
465 TCP URL Rendezvous Directory for SSM (Cisco protocol), SMTP
over SSL
631 TCP UDP Common Unix Printing System (CUPS)
993 TCP Internet Message Access Protocol over TLS/SSL (IMAPS)
995 TCP Post Office Protocol 3 over TLS/SSL (POP3S)
Different Storage
storage area network (SAN)
-SANs are primarily used to enhance storage devices, such as disk arrays, tape l
ibraries, and optical jukeboxes, accessible to servers so that the devices appea
r like locally attached devices to the operating system.
-A SAN typically has its own network of storage devices that are generally not a
ccessible through the local area network (LAN) by other devices
-SAN protocols include Fibre Channel, iSCSI, ATA over Ethernet (AoE) and HyperSC
SI.
Network-attached storage (NAS)
-NAS systems are networked appliances which contain one or more hard drives, oft
en arranged into logical, redundant storage containers or RAID
-NAS uses file-based protocols such as NFS (popular on UNIX systems), SMB/CIFS (
Server Message Block/Common Internet File System) (used with MS Windows systems)
, AFP (used with Apple Macintosh computers), or NCP (used with OES and Novell Ne
tWare)
Direct-attached storage (DAS)
-Direct-attached storage (DAS) refers to a digital storage system directly attac
hed to a server or workstation, without a storage network in between
-A DAS device can be shared between multiple computers, as long as it provides m
ultiple interfaces (ports) that allow concurrent and direct access. This way it
can be used in computer clusters
Active Directory FSMO Roles
-Flexible Single Master Operation Roles (FSMO)
-There are five FSMO roles, two per forest, three in every Domain
-Forest Wide Roles:
--Schema Master
--Domain Naming
-Domain Wide Roles:
--Relative ID (RID) Master
--PDC Emulator
--Infrastructure Master
Command Find date yesterday
-find
Command Repair file system
-fsck
Command list file bakcup.tar
-ls
Command list extract file
-tar vzf
Setting Configuration file MSSQL
Tool Monitor MSSQL
-sp_trace_setfilter (Transact-SQL)
-SQL Server Distributed Replay
-Monitor Resource Usage (System Monitor)
-Open Activity Monitor (SQL Server Management Studio)
-SQL Trace
-Error Logs
-System Stored Procedures (Transact-SQL)
-DBCC (Transact-SQL)
-Built-in Functions (Transact-SQL)
-Trace Flags (Transact-SQL)
-Database Engine Tuning Advisor
Linux
Kickstart
command to start kickstart
[root]# system-config-kickstart
configuration
ks=http://server/dir/.cfg
ks=ftp://server/dir/.cfg
ks=nfs://server/dir/.cfg
command to validate
[root]# ksvalidator
SSH
standard port SSH = 22
command
[root]# ssh root@192.168.1.1